KR100435817B1 - Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes - Google Patents
Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100435817B1 KR100435817B1 KR10-2001-0069947A KR20010069947A KR100435817B1 KR 100435817 B1 KR100435817 B1 KR 100435817B1 KR 20010069947 A KR20010069947 A KR 20010069947A KR 100435817 B1 KR100435817 B1 KR 100435817B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- bod
- low
- value
- fuel cell
- measuring
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L disodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940073490 sodium glutamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1806—Biological oxygen demand [BOD] or chemical oxygen demand [COD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
측정부, 전류검출부 및 검출된 전류변화를 기록하는 기록부를 포함하며, 상기 측정부는 양극 및 음극, 및 이들 양극과 음극의 전도 매체 및 이들 두 극 사이의 이온교환막으로 이루어지는 측정장치를 이용하여 생화학적 산소요구량 값을 측정하는 방법에 있어서, 음극부에 저영양성 미생물원으로서 하천 침전물 및 기질로서 포도당과 글루탐산을 함유하는 인공폐수 또는 하천 물을 첨가하여 농화배양된 저영양성 전기화학 활성 미생물을 이용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 미생물 연료전지형 저농도 생화학적 산소요구량 (BOD) 값을 측정하는 방법.A measuring unit, a current detecting unit, and a recording unit for recording the detected current change, wherein the measuring unit is biochemically prepared using a measuring device comprising an anode and a cathode, a conducting medium of these anodes and cathodes, and an ion exchange membrane between the two poles. A method for measuring the oxygen demand value, characterized in that a low nutritional microbial source is used as a low nutrient microbial source, and artificial wastewater or stream water containing glucose and glutamic acid as a substrate is used to enrich the low trophic electrochemically active microorganism. Microbial fuel cell type low concentration biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) value measurement method.
Description
본 발명은 상수원, 하천수, 폐수 처리장 방류수 등의 생화학적 산소요구량 (BOD)을 측정하는 연료전지형 BOD 측정 장치에 의한 저농도 BOD 측정 방법에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로, 연료전지형 센서를 저농도의 BOD를 측정하는 장치로 사용하기 위해 전기화학 활성이 있는 저영양성 미생물을 이용하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention relates to a low concentration BOD measuring method by a fuel cell type BOD measuring apparatus for measuring the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), such as water supply, river water, wastewater treatment plant effluent. More specifically, in order to use the fuel cell sensor as a device for measuring low concentration of BOD, it is characterized by using a low-trophic microorganism having electrochemical activity.
종래, BOD를 측정하기 위해서는 최소 5일의 시간이 소요되었으며, 시험자의 숙련도에 따라 정확도가 결정되었다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 단시간 안에 BOD 값의 근사치를 측정하는 장치가 개발되었다. 이와 같이 개발된 대부분의 BOD 측정 장치는 시료에 슬러지를 첨가하거나 미생물을 고정화시킨 산소 전극을 사용하여 용존산소의 감소 속도를 측정하여 이를 BOD 값으로 환산하는 방법을 응용하는것이었다 (Karube 등, 1977. Biotechnol. Bioeng.19: 1535-1547).Conventionally, the measurement of the BOD takes a minimum of five days, the accuracy was determined according to the skill of the tester. To overcome this drawback, a device for measuring the approximation of the BOD value in a short time has been developed. Most of the BOD measuring apparatus developed in this way was to apply the method of measuring the rate of reduction of dissolved oxygen by converting it into BOD value by using sludge added to the sample or using an oxygen electrode immobilized with microorganisms (Karube et al., 1977). Biotechnol.Bioeng. 19 : 1535-1547).
최근, 폐수 중의 유기성 오염 물질을 산화하면서 발생하는 전자를 직접 전극으로 전달할 수 있는 전기화학적 활성 미생물이 발견되었다 (Kim 등, 1999. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.9: 127-131, 김병홍 등, 1999, 한국 특허출원 제99-27168호). 이러한 미생물을 이용하면 폐수를 처리하면서 전기를 생산할 수 있는 미생물 연료전지를 만들 수 있다. 상기 미생물 연료전지에서 발생하는 전기의 양은 산화되는 유기성 오염 물질의 양에 직접적으로 비례하므로 이 미생물 장치를 BOD 계측기로 개발한 바 있다 (Kim 등, 1999. p. 67-67.InAbstractbook, Ⅸth ICBAM, IUMS. Sydney, 김병홍 등, 1999, 한국 특허출원 제99-27167호). 용존산소 전극을 사용하는 BOD 계측기의 경우 전극의 특성상 유지 및 보수가 어려우며 시간이 지날수록 측정치가 변하는 단점이 있는 반면, 미생물 연료전지형 BOD 계측기는 유지, 보수 없이 1년 이상 사용이 가능한 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 특히, 한국 특허출원 제99-27167호에는 측정부, 전류검출부 및 검출된 전류 변화를 기록하는 기록부를 포함하며, 상기 측정부는 양극 및 음극, 이들 양극 및 음극의 전도 매체 및 이들 두 극 사이의 이온 교환막을 포함하는 무매개체 생물연료 전지로 이루어지고, 상기 음극부에는 전기화학 활성 세균을 함유하는 시료가 첨가된 것을 특징으로 하는 BOD 측정용 바이오센서가 기재되어 있다.Recently, electrochemically active microorganisms capable of transferring electrons generated by oxidizing organic contaminants in wastewater directly to electrodes have been discovered (Kim et al., 1999. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 9 : 127-131, Kim Byung-hong et al., 1999, Korean Patent Application No. 99-27168. These microorganisms can be used to make microbial fuel cells that can generate electricity while treating wastewater. Since the amount of electricity generated in the microbial fuel cell is directly proportional to the amount of organic pollutants oxidized, the microbial device has been developed as a BOD measuring instrument (Kim et al., 1999. p. 67-67. In Abstractbook, Ⅸth ICBAM , IUMS.Sydney, Kim Byung-hong et al., 1999, Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167). BOD measuring instrument using dissolved oxygen electrode is difficult to maintain and repair due to the characteristics of the electrode, and the measurement value changes over time, whereas microbial fuel cell type BOD measuring instrument can be used for more than one year without maintenance and repair. have. In particular, Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167 includes a measuring unit, a current detecting unit, and a recording unit for recording the detected current change, wherein the measuring unit includes an anode and a cathode, a conductive medium of these anodes and a cathode, and an ion between the two poles. A biosensor for BOD measurement, which comprises a medium-free biofuel cell including an exchange membrane, wherein a sample containing electrochemically active bacteria is added to the cathode part.
그러나, 지금까지 개발된 미생물 연료전지형 BOD 계측기의 경우 전극에 농화배양한 전기화학 활성 미생물이 고영양성 (copiotrophic) 미생물이므로, 낮은 BOD 값을 갖는 시료의 계측에는 적합하지 않을 뿐 아니라 미생물의 활성을 유지할 수없다는 단점이 있었다.However, the microbial fuel cell type BOD measuring instrument developed so far is not suitable for the measurement of samples with low BOD values because the electrochemically active microorganisms enriched in the electrode are highly trophic microorganisms. There was a downside to being unable to maintain.
즉, 미생물 연료전지형 BOD 계측기를 이용하여 낮은 값의 BOD를 측정하기 위해서 시료를 사용할 때에는 미생물의 대사가 안정하여야만 측정값의 재현성이 높다. 따라서 지금까지 개발된 고영양성 미생물을 이용하는 미생물 연료전지형 계측기는 낮은 BOD 값을 측정하기 위한 목적으로는 사용할 수 없다. 그러나, 저영양성 (oligotrophic) 미생물을 사용하면 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있다 (Chee 등 1999. Analytica Chemica Acta379: 185-191). 지금까지는 저영양성의 전기화학 미생물이 알려져 있지 않았다.That is, when a sample is used to measure a low value of BOD using a microbial fuel cell type BOD meter, the metabolism of the microorganism must be stable and the measurement value is highly reproducible. Therefore, a microbial fuel cell type meter using high nutritional microorganisms developed so far cannot be used for the purpose of measuring low BOD values. However, the use of oligotrophic microorganisms can solve this problem (Chee et al. 1999. Analytica Chemica Acta 379 : 185-191). Until now, no known low-nutrient electrochemical microorganisms were known.
저영양성 미생물은 토양, 담수, 해수 등 지구상의 모든 생태계에서 분리되었으나 이들이 보통 미생물이 가장 잘 자랄 수 있는 영양 성분의 농도보다 1만분의 1 정도로 희석된 환경에서도 자란다는 사실 이외에는 알려진 것이 거의 없다 (Toda 와 Inoue, 2000, J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 154-160) 참조). 저영양성 미생물은 주위 환경에서 낮은 농도의 영양분을 효과적으로 흡수하는 능력이 있어서 저농도의 중금속에 의해서도 저해를 받는 성질이 있다. 이를 이용하여 중금속을 측정할 수 있다 (Toda와 Inoue, 2000, J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 154-160) 참조).Low-nutrient microorganisms have been isolated from all ecosystems of the world, such as soil, freshwater and seawater, but little is known except that they usually grow in an environment diluted to one millionth the concentration of nutrients that microorganisms can grow best (Toda and Inoue, 2000, J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 154-160). Low nutrient microorganisms have the ability to effectively absorb low concentrations of nutrients in the environment, which is inhibited by low concentrations of heavy metals. This can be used to determine heavy metals (see Toda and Inoue, 2000, J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 154-160).
본 발명에서는 이와 같은 저영양성의 환경에서 채취한 시료에서 저영양성의 전기화학 활성 미생물을 농화배양하고 이를 저농도 BOD 값을 측정하는 계측기로 개발하였다.In the present invention, a low-nutrient electrochemically active microorganism is enriched in a sample collected in such a low-nutritive environment and developed as a measuring instrument for measuring the low concentration BOD value.
본 발명의 목적은 저영양성의 전기화학 활성 미생물을 농화배양하고 이를 낮은 BOD 값을 측정하는 미생물 연료전지형 BOD 계측기의 개발에 이용하는 것이다. 상기 본 발명의 목적에 따라, 낮은 농도의 기질에서 생장이 왕성하고 전기화학적으로 활성이 있는 미생물을 확보하고 이를 이용하는 미생물 연료전지를 낮은 값의 BOD를 측정할 수 있는 계측기로 개발하여야 한다.An object of the present invention is to develop a microbial fuel cell type BOD measuring instrument for enriching low-nutrient electrochemically active microorganisms and measuring low BOD values. According to the object of the present invention, a microbial fuel cell using high growth and electrochemically active microorganisms in a low concentration substrate and using the same should be developed as a measuring instrument capable of measuring low values of BOD.
도 1은 저영양성 전기화학 활성 미생물을 농화배양하기 위해 사용한 연료전지형 전기화학 장치의 구조를 나타내는 모식도이다.1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a fuel cell type electrochemical device used for enrichment of low nutritional electrochemically active microorganisms.
도 2는 선행 기술(한국 특허출원 제99-27167호)에서 농화배양한 고영양성 미생물을 이용하는 생화학적 산소요구량 측정 장치에 10 ppm의 인공 폐수를 반복하여 주입하면서 기록한 전류를 나타낸다.FIG. 2 shows currents recorded while repeatedly injecting 10 ppm of artificial wastewater into a biochemical oxygen demand measuring apparatus using a highly nutritious microorganism enriched in the prior art (Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167).
도 3은 팔당 댐 하류의 침전물 상등액과 10 ppm인 인공폐수를 혼합하여 저영양성 미생물을 농화배양하는 과정에서 기록된 전류의 발생을 나타낸다.Figure 3 shows the generation of currents recorded during the enrichment of low trophic microorganisms by mixing the sediment supernatant downstream of Paldang Dam with 10 ppm of artificial wastewater.
도 4는 40일 농화배양한 연료전지를 이용하여 BOD 값이 각각 2, 5, 7, 10 ppm이 되도록 인공폐수를 사용하여 발생하는 전류를 여러 차례 반복하여 기록한 결과를 나타낸다.Figure 4 shows the results of repeatedly recording the current generated using the artificial wastewater so that the BOD value is 2, 5, 7, 10 ppm using the fuel cell cultured in 40 days.
도 5는 인공폐수의 농도와 발생하는 쿨롱값의 상관관계를 나타낸다.5 shows a correlation between the concentration of artificial wastewater and the Coulomb value generated.
도 6는 10 ppm의 인공폐수로 농화배양한 연료전지에 BOD 값이 100 ppm인 인공폐수를 주입하여 발생하는 전류를 기록한 결과를 나타낸다.Figure 6 shows the results of recording the current generated by injecting artificial wastewater with a BOD value of 100 ppm to the fuel cell enriched with 10 ppm artificial wastewater.
도 7은 10 ppm의 인공폐수로 농화배양한 연료전지에 BOD 값이 100 ppm인 인공폐수를 주입하다 다시 10 ppm인 인공폐수를 주입하여 발생하는 전류를 기록한 결과를 나타낸다.FIG. 7 shows the result of recording the current generated by injecting artificial wastewater having a BOD value of 100 ppm and injecting 10 ppm of artificial wastewater into a fuel cell enriched with 10 ppm of artificial wastewater.
도 8은 10 ppm의 인공폐수로 농화배양한 연료전지에 한강 하류에서 취수한 시료를 주입하여 발생하는 전류를 기록한 결과를 나타낸다.FIG. 8 shows the results of recording current generated by injecting a sample taken from the downstream of the Han River into a fuel cell enriched with 10 ppm of artificial wastewater.
도 9는 10 ppm의 인공폐수로 농화배양한 연료전지에 정릉천에서 취수한 시료를 주입하여 발생하는 전류를 기록한 결과를 나타낸다.9 shows the results of recording the current generated by injecting a sample taken from Jeongneungcheon into a fuel cell enriched with 10 ppm of artificial wastewater.
본 발명의 저농도 BOD 측정 방법을 위한 저영양성 전기화학적 활성 미생물을 이용하는 미생물 연료전지형 저농도 BOD 값의 측정 장치는 선행 기술(한국 특허출원 제99-27167호)과 같이 측정부, 전류검출부 및 검출된 전류 변화를 기록하는 기록부를 포함하며, 상기 측정부는 양극 및 음극, 및 이들 양극과 음극의 전도 매체 및 이들 두 극 사이의 이온교환막으로 이루어진다. 본 발명은 이 측정 장치를 이용하되, 상기 저영양성 전기화학적 활성 미생물이 음극부에 저영양성 미생물원으로서 하천 침전물 및 기질로서 포도당과 글루탐산을 함유하는 인공폐수를 첨가하여 농화배양된 것임을 특징으로 한다.The microbial fuel cell type low concentration BOD measurement apparatus using a low nutritional electrochemically active microorganism for the low concentration BOD measurement method of the present invention is a measuring unit, current detection unit and detected as in the prior art (Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167). And a recording section for recording the current change, wherein the measurement section comprises an anode and a cathode, a conducting medium of these anodes and cathodes, and an ion exchange membrane between these two poles. The present invention is characterized in that the low trophic electrochemically active microorganism is enriched by adding artificial sewage containing glucose and glutamic acid as a river precipitate and substrate as a low nutrient microbial source to the negative electrode.
보다 구체적으로, 본 발명은 2급수 이상 청정지역에서 채취한 하천 침전물을 실험실에서 30분간 150 rpm으로 진탕한 다음 30분간 정치하여 그 상등액을 저영양성 미생물원으로 사용하였다. 또한 포도당과 글루탐산을 함유하는 10 ppm 이하의 인공폐수를 기질로 사용하였다. 인공폐수의 조성은 표 1과 같다. 전기화학 활성 미생물의 농화배양이 혐기적 조건에서 이루어지기 때문에 혐기성 미생물에서 필요한 미량 원소를 첨가하는 것이 표준 인공 폐수 분석 방법 (Standard Method for Analysis of water and wastewater)과 다른 특징이다.More specifically, the present invention was shaken at 150 rpm for 30 minutes in the laboratory, the river sediment collected in the clean area of the second or more water and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes to use the supernatant as a low nutritional microbial source. In addition, artificial wastewater of less than 10 ppm containing glucose and glutamic acid was used as a substrate. The composition of the artificial wastewater is shown in Table 1. Since the enrichment of electrochemically active microorganisms takes place under anaerobic conditions, the addition of trace elements required for anaerobic microorganisms is different from the standard method for analysis of water and wastewater.
본 발명은 전기화학적 활성 미생물을 농화배양하기 위해 선행 기술(한국 특허출원 제99-27167호)과 같이 도 1에 도시한 연료전지형 전기화학 장치를 이용한다. 도 1에 따르면 연료전지형 전기화학 장치 음극부와 양극부에 각각 흑연 부직포 재질의 전극을 장치하고 백금선을 밀착시켜 연결한다. 전극에 연결한 백금선의 다른 쪽을 전압계와 10 옴(ohm)의 저항을 연결한다. 음극부와 양극부를 양이온이 선택적으로 통과할 수 있는 나피온(Nafion) 막으로 분리하고 막 양쪽에 실리콘 고무 가스켓을 사용하여 누수를 방지할 수 있도록 결합시킨 다음 볼트와 넛트로 조립한다. 조립한 연료전지에서 액을 채울 수 있는 공간은 음극부와 양극부 모두 20㎖였다.The present invention uses the fuel cell type electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 as in the prior art (Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167) for enriching culture of electrochemically active microorganisms. According to FIG. 1, the anode and anode portions of the fuel cell type electrochemical apparatus are respectively provided with electrodes of graphite nonwoven material and are connected by closely connecting platinum wires. Connect the other side of the platinum wire connected to the electrode with a voltmeter and a 10 ohm resistor. The cathode and anode sections are separated by a Nafion membrane through which cations can selectively pass, and are bonded to both sides using a silicone rubber gasket to prevent leakage, and then assembled with bolts and nuts. The space to fill the liquid in the assembled fuel cell was 20 ml for both the cathode and anode portions.
조립이 끝난 연료전지의 음극부에 질소가스로 용존산소를 제거한 미생물원 10 ㎖와 10 ppm인 인공폐수를 첨가하고 양극부에는 10 mmol의 인산완충액 (pH 7.0) 20 ㎖를 채웠다. 양극부에 공기를 분 당 20 ㎖ 속도로 공급하여 호기적으로 유지하고 음극부에는 가급적 공기의 접근을 방지하여 혐기적 조건으로 유지하였다. 이렇게 준비한 연료전지형 전기화학 장치를 35 ℃의 항온기에 설치한 다음 전압계에 연결하고 저항은 연결하지 않는다.10 mL of the microbial source from which dissolved oxygen was removed with nitrogen gas and 10 ppm of artificial wastewater were added to the cathode of the assembled fuel cell, and 10 mmol of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was charged to the anode. Air was supplied to the anode portion at a rate of 20 ml per minute to maintain aerobic conditions, and the cathode portion was kept under anaerobic conditions as much as possible to prevent access to air. The fuel cell type electrochemical device thus prepared is installed in a thermostat at 35 ° C, and then connected to a voltmeter and no resistance is connected.
음극부의 전극과 양극부의 전극에 연결한 백금선을 통해 형성되는 전압 차이가 0.4 볼트 이상이 되는 것을 확인하고 500 옴의 저항을 연결하여 발생하는 전류를 기록한다. 발생하는 전류가 최고 값에서 감소하기 시작하면 음극부의 용액을 새로운 인공폐수로 교체한다.Check that the voltage difference formed by the platinum wire connected to the electrode of the negative electrode and the positive electrode becomes 0.4 volt or more, and record the current generated by connecting a 500 ohm resistor. If the current generated begins to decrease at the highest value, replace the solution at the cathode with new artificial wastewater.
본 발명의 목적 및 장점은 하기 설명되는 실시예를 통하여 더욱 잘 이해될 것이나, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니다.The objects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood through the examples described below, but are not limited thereto.
<실시예 1> (비교)Example 1 (comparative)
선행 기술(한국 특허출원 제99-27167호)에서 BOD 값이 1,700 ppm인 전분 가공 폐수 공장의 폐수와 같은 폐수를 처리하는 공정에서 수거한 오니를 이용하여 농화배양한 고영양성 미생물을 이용하는 미생물연료전지형 BOD 측정 장치에 농도가 10 ppm인 인공 폐수를 반복하여 주입하여 발생하는 전류를 기록하여 도 2의 결과를 얻었다. 도 2에서 보는 바와 같이 고농도의 페수로 농화배양한 고영양성 미생물을 이용하는 미생물연료전지에 저농도의 폐수를 주입하면 발생하는 전류의 값이 점차감소하였다. 이는 고농도의 영양이 있는 환경에서 생장하는 고영양성 전기화학 활성 미생물은 저영양성 조건에서 전류를 불안정하게 발생한다는 것을 나타낸다. 이러한 결과는 낮은 BOD 값을 측정하기 위한 측정 장치에는 저영양성 미생물을 사용해야 함을 나타낸다.In the prior art (Korean Patent Application No. 99-27167), microbial fuel warfare using highly nutritious microorganisms enriched using sludge collected in the process of treating wastewater such as wastewater of starch processing wastewater plant with a BOD value of 1,700 ppm. The current generated by repeatedly injecting artificial wastewater having a concentration of 10 ppm into the topographic BOD measuring apparatus was recorded to obtain the result of FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, when a low concentration of wastewater was injected into a microbial fuel cell using a highly nutritious microorganism enriched with high concentration of wastewater, the value of current generated gradually decreased. This indicates that highly trophic electrochemically active microorganisms that grow in a high concentration of nutrients generate unstable currents at low trophic conditions. These results indicate that low trophic microorganisms should be used in measuring devices to measure low BOD values.
<실시예 2><Example 2>
팔당 댐 하류의 하상에서 침전물과 물을 약 1:1 비율로 채취하여 실험실로 운반한 즉시 30분간 150 rpm으로 진탕한 다음 30분간 정치하여 그 상등액 10 ㎖와 20 ppm의 인공폐수 10 ㎖를 혼합하였다. 혼합액을 질소 가스를 이용하여 용존산소를 제거하고 연료전지의 음극부에 채운 다음 저항을 연결하지 않고 형성되는 전압을 기록한다. 같은 방법으로 4조의 미생물 연료전지를 설치하였다. 저항을 연결하지 않은 상태에서 전압이 0.4 볼트 이상 형성되는 것을 확인하고 500 옴의 저항을 연결한 다음 발생하는 전류를 기록한 결과를 도 3에 도시하였다. 이 때 전류값이 최고치에 달한 다음 감소하기 시작하면 음극부의 반응액 일부를 새로운 10 ppm의 인공폐수로 치환하는 것을 반복하였다. 그림에서 보는 바와 같이 인공폐수를 치환할 때마다 발생하는 전류의 크기가 증가하였다. 이러한 전류 발생량의 증가는 사용하는 저농도 인공폐수를 이용하여 전자를 전극으로 전달할 수 있는 저영양성 전기화학 활성 미생물의 수가 점차 증가하는 것을 나타낸다. 이러한 방법으로 40일간 농화배양한 다음에는 발생하는 전류의 양이 일정하였다.The sediment and water were collected at a ratio of 1: 1 at the downstream of Paldang dam, and after being transported to the laboratory, the mixture was shaken at 150 rpm for 30 minutes, and left standing for 30 minutes to mix 10 ml of the supernatant and 10 ml of 20 ppm artificial wastewater. . The mixed liquid is removed using nitrogen gas to fill the cathode of the fuel cell, and the voltage formed without connecting a resistance is recorded. In the same way, four sets of microbial fuel cells were installed. It is shown in FIG. 3 that the voltage is formed at 0.4 volts or more without the resistance connected, and the current generated after connecting the 500 ohm resistor is recorded. At this time, when the current value reached the maximum value and began to decrease, it was repeated to replace a part of the reaction liquid of the cathode part with a new 10 ppm artificial wastewater. As shown in the figure, the amount of current generated every time the artificial wastewater is replaced. This increase in current generation indicates that the number of low-nutrition electrochemically active microorganisms capable of transferring electrons to the electrode using the low concentration artificial wastewater used is gradually increased. After 40 days enrichment in this manner, the amount of current generated was constant.
<실시예 3><Example 3>
실시예 2에서 40일 이상 농화배양한 연료전지를 이용하여 BOD 값이 각각 2,5, 7, 10 ppm이 되도록 인공폐수를 사용하여 발생하는 전류를 여러 차례 반복하여 기록하였다 (도 4). 이 값을 적분하여 쿨롱값으로 계산하였다. 이 때 사용한 인공폐수의 농도와 발생하는 쿨롱값의 상관관계를 도 5에 도시하였다. 그림에서 보는 바와 같이 동일한 폐수를 사용한 경우 발생하는 전류의 양은 표준 편차가 2％ 이내로 일정하였으며, 농도와 쿨롱값의 선형관계는 0.97로 대단히 높았다.In Example 2, the current generated by using the artificial wastewater was repeatedly recorded several times so that the BOD values were 2, 5, 7, and 10 ppm, respectively, using the fuel cell enriched for 40 days or more (FIG. 4). This value was integrated to calculate the Coulomb value. 5 shows a correlation between the concentration of the artificial wastewater used and the Coulomb value generated. As shown in the figure, the amount of current generated using the same wastewater was constant within 2%, and the linear relationship between concentration and coulombic value was 0.97.
<실시예 4><Example 4>
실시예 2에서와 같이 60일 이상 농화배양한 연료전지를 이용하여 높은 값의 BOD를 측정할 수 있는가를 보기 위해 음극부의 BOD 값이 100 ppm이 되도록 인공폐수를 사용한 결과 초기에는 10 ppm의 폐수를 사용했을 때보다 전류의 발생량이 낮았으며, 이후 전류 발생량이 증가하였으나, 10 ppm 이하의 인공폐수를 사용했을 때와 비례 관계는 없었다. 100 ppm의 BOD 값에서 전류의 발생이 계속 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다 (도 6).As shown in Example 2, the artificial wastewater was used so that the BOD value of the cathode part was 100 ppm to see if the BOD value of the negative electrode could be measured using a fuel cell enriched for 60 days or more. The amount of current generated was lower than that of the wastewater, and the amount of current was increased afterwards, but it was not proportional to the use of artificial wastewater less than 10 ppm. It was observed that the generation of current continued to increase at a BOD value of 100 ppm (FIG. 6).
음극부의 BOD 값이 100 ppm이 되도록 인공폐수를 7회 사용한 다음, 동일한 연료전지에 다시 10 ppm이 되는 조건으로 유지한 결과, 즉시 100 ppm 이전의 수준으로 환원되었다 (도 7). 이러한 결과로부터 실시예 2에서 농화배양한 저영양성 전기화학 활성 미생물은 통성 저영양성 미생물이며, 높은 BOD 값에서 발생하는 전류가 점차 증가하는 이유는 농화배양에서 살아남은 낮은 농도의 고영양성 미생물이 증식하기 때문인 것을 알 수 있다.The artificial wastewater was used seven times so that the BOD value of the negative electrode portion was 100 ppm, and then maintained again at the same fuel cell at 10 ppm, and immediately returned to the previous level of 100 ppm (FIG. 7). From these results, the low-trophic electrochemically active microorganism enriched in Example 2 is a communicable low-nutritic microorganism, and the reason why the current generated at the high BOD value gradually increases is because the low-concentration high-trophic microorganisms surviving in the enrichment culture proliferate. It can be seen that.
<실시예 5>Example 5
실시예 2에서와 같이 90일 이상 농화배양한 미생물 연료전지에 한강 본류 (한강 하류 원효대교 북단에서 취수)에서 채취한 시료를 주입하여 발생하는 쿨롱값 (도 8)을 도 5의 표준 곡선에서 BOD 값으로 환산하고 이 값을 표준 방법으로 측정한 BOD 값과 비교하여 표 2의 결과를 얻었다. 표에서 보는 바와 같이 두 값의 차이가 5％ 미만으로 좋은 상관 관계를 나타냈다.As shown in Example 2, the Coulomb value (FIG. 8) generated by injecting a sample collected from the main stream of Han River (taken from the north end of Wonhyo Bridge, downstream of the Han River) into a microbial fuel cell enriched and cultured for 90 days or more, is shown in the standard curve of FIG. The results in Table 2 were obtained by converting the values to the BOD values measured by the standard method. As shown in the table, the difference between the two values showed a good correlation with less than 5%.
<실시예 6><Example 6>
실시예 5에서와 같은 미생물 연료전지에 한강 지류 (정릉천 동덕여대 부근에서 취수)에서 채취한 시료를 주입하여 발생하는 전류 패턴을 도 9에 도시하였다. 실시예 5와 동일한 방법으로 도 5의 표준 곡선을 이용하여 환산한 BOD 값과 표준 방법으로 측정한 BOD 값을 비교하여 표 3의 결과를 얻었다. 역시 두 값의 차이가 5％ 미만으로 좋은 상관 관계를 나타내었으며, 5일 BOD 값보다 저농도 BOD 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였을 때 높은 정확성을 나타냈다.9 illustrates a current pattern generated by injecting a sample taken from the Han River tributary (intake near Dongdeok Women's University in Jeongneungcheon) into the microbial fuel cell as in Example 5. The results of Table 3 were obtained by comparing the BOD values converted using the standard curve of FIG. 5 with the BOD values measured by the standard method in the same manner as in Example 5. Also, the difference between the two values was less than 5%, which showed a good correlation, and showed higher accuracy when measured using a low concentration BOD meter than the 5 day BOD value.
<실시예 7><Example 7>
잠실대교 부근에서 채취한 한강 물을 실시예 2와 같은 실험에서 인공 폐수 대신 사용하여 60일간 농화배양하고 인공폐수를 이용하여 실시예 3과 같이 인공 폐수의 농도와 쿨롱값의 상관 관계를 얻었다. 이 상관 관계에서 다시 채취한 같은 장소의 한강물을 이용하여 발생하는 쿨롱값을 BOD 값으로 환산하여 표 4의 결과를 얻었다. 표 4에서 보는 바와 같이 한강 물을 이용하여 농화배양한 저양양성 미생물을 이용하는 미생물연료전지도 저농도 비오디를 측정하는 장치로 사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.The Han River water sampled near Jamsil Bridge was enriched for 60 days using artificial wastewater instead of artificial wastewater in the same experiment as in Example 2, and the artificial wastewater was used to obtain a correlation between the concentration of the artificial wastewater and the Coulomb value as in Example 3. In this correlation, the Coulomb value generated using the Han River water sampled at the same location was converted into a BOD value to obtain the results shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that microbial fuel cells using low-positive microorganisms enriched using the Han River water can also be used as a device for measuring low-concentration biodiesel.
본 발명의 저영양성 전기화학적 활성 미생물을 이용한 BOD 측정 장치는, 지금까지 개발된 용존산소 전극을 이용하는 BOD 계측기의 유지 보수가 난이한 것에 비해 유지, 보수 없이 1년 이상 안정된 측정값을 유지할 수 있으며, 또한 고영양성 미생물 연료전지형 계측기가 저농도의 BOD를 가진 시료를 측정하는 데에 측정의 안정성 문제를 갖는 것에 비해, 저농도의 시료에서 미생물의 대사가 안정적이므로 측정값의 재현성이 높다. 따라서, 본 발명의 측정 장치에 따라 하천수, 상수원, 폐수처리장 방류수 등을 포함한 저농도 BOD 수질의 BOD를 자동 측정할 수 있다.The BOD measuring device using the low nutritional electrochemically active microorganism of the present invention can maintain a stable measured value for more than one year without maintenance and repair, compared to the maintenance of the BOD measuring instrument using the dissolved oxygen electrode developed so far, In addition, the high nutritional microbial fuel cell type meter has a problem of stability of measurement in measuring a sample having a low concentration of BOD, whereas the metabolism of microorganisms is stable in a low concentration of sample, so the reproducibility of the measured value is high. Therefore, according to the measuring device of the present invention, it is possible to automatically measure the BOD of low concentration BOD water quality including river water, water supply source, wastewater treatment plant effluent and the like.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-0069947A KR100435817B1 (en) | 2001-11-10 | 2001-11-10 | Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-0069947A KR100435817B1 (en) | 2001-11-10 | 2001-11-10 | Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20030038240A KR20030038240A (en) | 2003-05-16 |
| KR100435817B1 true KR100435817B1 (en) | 2004-06-12 |
Family
ID=29568870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-0069947A KR100435817B1 (en) | 2001-11-10 | 2001-11-10 | Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100435817B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100941489B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2010-02-10 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | Apparatus for culturing algae using using microbial fuel cell and method therefore |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101620201B (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2012-07-18 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Measuring method of biochemical oxygen demand and BOD sensor and applications |
| KR101276660B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2013-06-19 | 알엠텍 주식회사 | Method for removal of heavy metals or recovery of precious metals using a microbial fuel cell |
| KR101478222B1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-12-31 | 주식회사 코비 | Apparatus for measuring biological oxygen demand having multi-channel valve and measuring method thereof |
| CN109613080B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-10-20 | 重庆中科德馨环保科技有限公司 | Portable BOD rapid detector |
| CN115340969B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Flora domestication method and application of BOD microbial electrochemical sensor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100224381B1 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-10-15 | 박호군 | Biofuel cell using metal salt-reducing bacteria |
| KR100303611B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-09-24 | 박호군 | An Electrochemical Method for Enrichment of Microorganism, and a Biosensor for Analyzing Organic Substance and BOD |
| KR100332932B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-20 | 박호군 | A Biofuel Cell Using Wastewater and Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment |
-
2001
- 2001-11-10 KR KR10-2001-0069947A patent/KR100435817B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100224381B1 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-10-15 | 박호군 | Biofuel cell using metal salt-reducing bacteria |
| KR100303611B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-09-24 | 박호군 | An Electrochemical Method for Enrichment of Microorganism, and a Biosensor for Analyzing Organic Substance and BOD |
| KR100332932B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-20 | 박호군 | A Biofuel Cell Using Wastewater and Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100941489B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2010-02-10 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | Apparatus for culturing algae using using microbial fuel cell and method therefore |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20030038240A (en) | 2003-05-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. | Bioelectricity generation, contaminant removal and bacterial community distribution as affected by substrate material size and aquatic macrophyte in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell | |
| Kang et al. | A microbial fuel cell with improved cathode reaction as a low biochemical oxygen demand sensor | |
| Wang et al. | Microbial community structure of different electrode materials in constructed wetland incorporating microbial fuel cell | |
| Kim et al. | Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system | |
| Kim et al. | Direct electrode reaction of Fe (III)-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens | |
| Prévoteau et al. | Oxygen-reducing microbial cathodes monitoring toxic shocks in tap water | |
| KR100303611B1 (en) | An Electrochemical Method for Enrichment of Microorganism, and a Biosensor for Analyzing Organic Substance and BOD | |
| CN103364469A (en) | Device and method for quickly measuring BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) based on microbial electrolysis cell technology | |
| CN101385180B (en) | Device comprising a new cathode system and method for generating electrical energy with use thereof | |
| Zhang et al. | Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrogen removal and electricity generation in self pH-buffer microbial fuel cell | |
| CN113504280B (en) | Bioelectrochemical method for real-time in-situ detection of nitrite in sewage | |
| Xu et al. | Simultaneous bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal of sediment microbial fuel cell combined with submerged macrophyte | |
| Westgarth | Anaerobiosis in the activated-sludge process. | |
| CN104330455B (en) | Utilize the method and apparatus of microorganism electrolysis cell technology on-line monitoring nitrate | |
| Anam et al. | Comparing natural and artificially designed bacterial consortia as biosensing elements for rapid non-specific detection of organic pollutant through microbial fuel cell | |
| Yang et al. | Microbial fuel cell affected the filler pollution accumulation of constructed wetland in the lab-scale and pilot-scale coupling reactors | |
| KR100435817B1 (en) | Method for Measuring Low BOD Using Fuel Cell-Type Sensor to Measure Low BOD Value Using Electrochemically Active Oligotrophic Anaerobes | |
| Lin et al. | Realizing BOD detection of real wastewater by considering the bioelectrochemical degradability of organic pollutants in a bioelectrochemical system | |
| Lin et al. | Highly selective and sensitive nitrite biocathode biosensor prepared by polarity inversion method coupled with selective removal of interfering electroactive bacteria | |
| Han et al. | Switchover of electrotrophic and heterotrophic respirations enables the biomonitoring of low concentration of BOD in oxygen-rich environment | |
| Zain et al. | Different types of microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems for simultaneous electricity generation and pollutant removal | |
| Kim et al. | Microbial fuel cell-type biochemical oxygen demand sensor | |
| Jiang et al. | Anode biofilm communities and the performance of microbial fuel cells with different reactor configurations | |
| CN104391028A (en) | Method and apparatus for on-line monitoring on ammoniacal nitrogen concentration by utilizing microbial electrolysis cell technology | |
| CN104458846B (en) | Method for measuring chemical oxygen demand of high-salinity waste water by utilizing microbial fuel cell |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20120531 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee |