KR100431615B1 - Method for cladding cylinder barrel with copper alloy in hydraulic motor and pump - Google Patents
Method for cladding cylinder barrel with copper alloy in hydraulic motor and pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100431615B1 KR100431615B1 KR10-2002-0014487A KR20020014487A KR100431615B1 KR 100431615 B1 KR100431615 B1 KR 100431615B1 KR 20020014487 A KR20020014487 A KR 20020014487A KR 100431615 B1 KR100431615 B1 KR 100431615B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- copper alloy
- cylinder barrel
- pump
- hydraulic motor
- base material
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2007—Arrangements for pressing the cylinder barrel against the valve plate, e.g. by fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
- B22D15/02—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/18—Lubricating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05B2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
Abstract
본 발명은 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 유압모터 및 펌프에 설치되는 실린더배럴과 밸브플레이트 사이의 윤활성을 증대시키기 위한 목적으로 실린더배럴에 동합금을 용탕단조방법을 이용하여 융착함으로써 완벽한 융착상태를 유도하면서 윤활성을 현저히 증대시킬 수 있는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.The present invention relates to a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a hydraulic motor and a pump, and more particularly, to melt a copper alloy in the cylinder barrel for the purpose of increasing the lubricity between the cylinder barrel and the valve plate installed in the hydraulic motor and the pump. It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a hydraulic motor and a pump that can induce a perfect fusion state and significantly increase lubrication by fusion by using a forging method.
그리고, 상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 밸브플레이트(10)와 접촉하는 실린더배럴(9)의 접촉면에 동합금을 융착하는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법에 있어서, 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 거푸집(30)을 고정 설치한 후, 전기로에서 예열하는 단계와; 상기 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 용탕이물질제거용 붕사를 도포하는 단계와; 상기 거푸집(30)에 동합금용탕(40)을 충전하여 상기 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 일정두께의 용탕층을 형성하는 단계와; 상기 동합금용탕(40)이 응고되면 거푸집(30)을 실린더배럴모재(19)로부터 분리하는 단계와; 응고된 동합금용탕(40)을 절삭하여 일정두께의 동합금층(20-1)으로 가공하는 단계와; 상기 동합금층(20-1)의 표면을 래핑가공으로 다듬질하는 단계:로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 제공하게 된다.In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hydraulic motor for fusion copper alloy to the contact surface of the cylinder barrel (9) in contact with the valve plate (10) in the copper alloy fusion method of the cylinder barrel in the pump, the cylinder barrel base material Fixing the formwork 30 to the upper portion of the 19 and preheating it in an electric furnace; Applying borax for removing foreign matter on an upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material (19); Filling the die 30 with a copper alloy molten metal 40 to form a molten metal layer having a predetermined thickness on an upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material 19; Separating the formwork 30 from the cylinder barrel base material 19 when the copper alloy molten metal 40 is solidified; Cutting the solidified molten copper alloy 40 into a copper alloy layer 20-1 having a predetermined thickness; Step of finishing the surface of the copper alloy layer (20-1) by lapping process: to provide a copper alloy fusion method of the cylinder barrel in the hydraulic motor and the pump, characterized in that consisting of.
Description
본 발명은 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 유압모터 및 펌프에 설치되는 실린더배럴과 밸브플레이트사이의 윤활성을 증대시키기 위하여 실린더배럴에 동합금을 융착시키는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a hydraulic motor and a pump, and more particularly, to the hydraulic barrel fused copper alloy to the cylinder barrel in order to increase the lubricity between the cylinder barrel and the valve plate installed in the hydraulic motor and the pump. The present invention relates to a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a motor and a pump.
일반적으로, 유압모터 및 펌프는 유압이라는 유체에너지를 이용하여 피스톤을 왕복운동시킴으로써 구동축의 회전이라는 기계적 에너지로 변환시키는 구동장치로서, 그 출력밀도가 우수하여 중장비 등에 널리 사용되고 있다.In general, a hydraulic motor and a pump is a driving device that converts the piston into mechanical energy such as rotation of a drive shaft by reciprocating a piston using fluid energy called hydraulic pressure, and has a high power density and is widely used in heavy equipment.
여기서, 유압모터 및 펌프는 도1에 도시한 바와 같이 공급포트(13)를 통해 공급되는 유압이 밸브플레이트(10)를 거쳐 실린더배럴(9)내의 피스톤(8)에 공급되면 피스톤이 유압에 의해 전진하게 되고, 이에 따라 피스톤볼(15)이 피스톤슈(7)를 밀게 된다.Here, when the hydraulic motor and the pump are supplied to the piston 8 in the cylinder barrel 9 through the valve plate 10 as the hydraulic pressure supplied through the supply port 13 as shown in FIG. The piston ball 15 pushes the piston shoe 7 accordingly.
이때, 피스톤슈(7)는 피스톤볼(15)에 의해 밀리면서 경사판(4)의 낮은 쪽으로 회전하게 되고, 이에 따라 실린더배럴(9)은 피스톤슈의 회전력에 의해 회전하게 되면서 결국 구동축을 회전시켜 외부에 구동력을 전달하게 된다.At this time, the piston shoe 7 is rotated to the lower side of the inclined plate 4 while being pushed by the piston ball 15, and thus the cylinder barrel 9 is rotated by the rotational force of the piston shoe and eventually rotates the drive shaft. The driving force is transmitted to the outside.
다시 말하면, 실린더배럴(9)내에 설치되는 보통 9개의 피스톤(8)중 경사판(4)의 가장 높은 쪽에 위치하는 피스톤들이 공급포트(13)로부터 유압을 공급받아 전진되면서 실린더배럴을 회전시키게 되며 경사판의 가장 낮은 쪽에 위치하는 피스톤들이 경사판의 높은 곳으로 회전하면서 후진하여 전진할 때 공급되었던 유량을 귀환포트(12)를 통해 유압을 드레인시키게 되고, 이러한 작업을 순차적으로 반복 진행함으로써 구동축(3)에 구동력을 발생시키게 된다.In other words, among the nine pistons 8 installed in the cylinder barrel 9, the pistons located at the highest side of the inclined plate 4 are rotated while receiving hydraulic pressure from the supply port 13 to rotate the cylinder barrel. When the pistons located at the lowermost side of the inclined plate rotate to the high place of the inclined plate, the flow rate, which is supplied when moving backwards and forwards, is drained through the return port 12, and this operation is repeatedly performed to the drive shaft 3 by sequentially repeating this operation. It generates a driving force.
한편, 고속으로 회전되는 실린더배럴(9)과, 고정상태의 밸브플레이트(10) 사이의 윤활성을 증대시키기 위하여 밸브플레이트와 접촉하는 실린더배럴의 접촉면에동합금판(고력황동 HbsC3 또는 LbC3)을 융착시키게 된다.On the other hand, in order to increase the lubricity between the cylinder barrel 9 rotated at high speed and the valve plate 10 in a fixed state, the copper alloy plate (high-force brass HbsC3 or LbC3) is fused to the contact surface of the cylinder barrel in contact with the valve plate. do.
이때, 종래에는 실린더배럴(9)에 동합금판을 융착하는 방법으로 소재를 용융상태에서 용접하거나 압착롤러를 이용하여 박판소재에 큰 하중을 가하여 모재에 압착시키는 방법을 사용하였다.In this case, conventionally, a method of welding a copper alloy plate to a cylinder barrel 9 by welding a material in a molten state or by applying a large load to a thin plate material using a pressing roller was used to compress the base material.
그러나, 이러한 동합금판의 융착방법은 모재와 소재 사이에 기포가 발생되어 융착상태가 불완전하거나 융착작업중 불량이 자주 발생하는 문제가 있다.However, the fusion method of such a copper alloy plate has a problem that bubbles are generated between the base material and the material, so that the fusion state is incomplete or a defect frequently occurs during the fusion operation.
본 발명은 이러한 종래의 문제를 개선하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 유압모터 및 펌프에 설치되는 실린더배럴과 밸브플레이트 사이의 윤활성을 증대시키기 위한 목적으로 실린더배럴에 동합금을 용탕단조방법을 이용하여 융착함으로써 완벽한 융착상태를 유도하면서 윤활성을 현저히 증대시킬 수 있는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to improve such a conventional problem, and is perfect by fusion bonding copper alloy to a cylinder barrel using a forging method for the purpose of increasing the lubricity between the cylinder barrel and the valve plate installed in the hydraulic motor and the pump. It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a hydraulic motor and a pump that can significantly increase the lubricity while inducing a fusion state.
도1은 일반적인 유압모터 및 펌프의 구조를 나타내는 단면도,1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general hydraulic motor and pump,
도2는 본 발명에 따른 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 나타내는 공정도,2 is a process chart showing a copper alloy fusion method of a cylinder barrel in a hydraulic motor and a pump according to the present invention;
도3은 본 발명에 따른 융착방법에 의해 동합금층이 융착된 유압모터 및 펌프의 실린더배럴을 나타내는 사시도이다.3 is a perspective view showing a cylinder barrel of a hydraulic motor and a pump in which a copper alloy layer is fused by a fusion method according to the present invention.
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>
1: 프런트커버 2: 하우징 3: 구동축 4: 경사판 5: 틸팅플레이트 6: 슈플레이트 7: 피스톤슈 8: 피스톤 9: 실린더배럴 10: 밸브플레이트 11: 리어커버 12: 귀환포트 13: 공급포트 15: 피스톤볼 19: 실린더배럴모재 20: 동합금판 20-1: 동합금층 30: 거푸집 40: 동합금용탕DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Front cover 2: Housing 3: Drive shaft 4: Slope plate 5: Tilting plate 6: Shoe plate 7: Piston shoe 8: Piston 9: Cylinder barrel 10: Valve plate 11: Rear cover 12: Return port 13: Supply port 15: Piston ball 19: Cylinder barrel base material 20: Copper alloy plate 20-1: Copper alloy layer 30: Formwork 40: Copper alloy molten metal
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 밸브플레이트와 접촉하는 실린더배럴의 접촉면에 동합금을 융착하는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법에 있어서, 실린더배럴모재의 상부에 거푸집을 고정 설치한 후, 전기로에서 예열하는 단계와; 상기 실린더배럴모재의 상부에 용탕이물질제거용 붕사를 도포하는 단계와; 상기 거푸집에 동합금용탕을 충전하여 상기 실린더배럴모재의 상부에 일정두께의 용탕층을 형성하는 단계와; 상기 동합금용탕이 응고되면 거푸집을 실린더배럴모재로부터 분리하는 단계와; 응고된 동합금용탕을 절삭하여 일정두께의 동합금층으로 가공하는 단계와; 상기 동합금층의 표면을 래핑가공으로 다듬질하는 단계:로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 제공하게 된다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a hydraulic motor for fusion copper alloy to the contact surface of the cylinder barrel in contact with the valve plate, and in the copper alloy fusion method of the cylinder barrel, the formwork is fixed to the upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material Then preheating in an electric furnace; Coating borax for removing foreign matter on an upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material; Filling the mold with a molten copper alloy to form a molten layer having a predetermined thickness on an upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material; Separating the formwork from the cylinder barrel base material when the copper alloy molten metal solidifies; Cutting the solidified molten copper alloy into a copper alloy layer having a predetermined thickness; The step of finishing the surface of the copper alloy layer by lapping: provides a copper alloy fusion method of the cylinder barrel in the hydraulic motor and the pump, characterized in that consisting of.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the present invention.
도2는 본 발명에 따른 유압모터 및 펌프에 있어 실린더배럴의 동합금 융착방법을 나타내는 공정도이고, 도3은 본 발명에 따른 융착방법에 의해 동합금층이 융착된 유압모터 및 펌프의 실린더배럴을 나타내는 사시도이다.Figure 2 is a process chart showing a copper alloy fusion method of the cylinder barrel in the hydraulic motor and the pump according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a cylinder barrel of the hydraulic motor and pump fused copper alloy layer by the fusion method according to the present invention. to be.
본 발명에서는 실린더배럴(9)을 가공하기 전인 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 거푸집(30)을 고정 설치하고, 다시 이를 전기로에서 약780℃로 예열시키게 된다.In the present invention, the mold 30 is fixedly installed on the upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material 19 before the cylinder barrel 9 is processed, and this is preheated to about 780 ° C. in the electric furnace.
이러한 예열단계를 거친 후, 거푸집(30)내에 붕사(Borax)를 투입하여 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부를 도포하게 되는데, 이 붕사는 거푸집내에 주탕되는 동합금용탕(40)과 화학반응하여 용탕내의 이물질을 제거하게 된다.After this preheating step, borax (Borax) is put into the formwork 30 to apply the upper part of the cylinder barrel base material 19, which borax chemically reacts with the copper alloy molten metal which is poured into the formwork, It will remove foreign substances.
그리고, 900℃로 용해된 동합금용탕(40)을 거푸집(40)내에 충전하여 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 일정 두께의 용탕층을 이루게 하고, 이 동합금용탕은 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상면에 융착되어지는 동합금층(20-1)보다 현저히 두꺼운 높이로 주탕되어지게 된다.Then, the copper alloy molten metal 40 dissolved at 900 ° C. is filled in the mold 40 to form a molten layer having a predetermined thickness on the upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material 19, and the copper alloy melt is formed on the upper surface of the cylinder barrel base material 19. It is melted to a significantly thicker height than the copper alloy layer 20-1 to be fused to.
이때, 실린더배럴모재(19)의 상부에 주탕되어진 동합금용탕(40)은 그 자중에 의해 하부측으로 갈수록 조밀한 표면조직을 가지게 되면서 상부측으로 갈수록 조대한 표면조직을 갖게 된다.At this time, the copper alloy molten metal 40 which is poured on the upper portion of the cylinder barrel base material 19 has a dense surface structure toward the lower side by its own weight, and has a coarse surface structure toward the upper side.
결국, 동합금용탕(40)은 그 자체의 자중에 의해 용탕단조가 이루어지게 되면서 실린더배럴모재(19)와 근접한 그 하부층이 가장 큰 하중을 받게 되어 조밀한 조직을 갖게 된다.As a result, the molten alloy 40 is molten forged by its own weight, the lower layer close to the cylinder barrel base material 19 receives the largest load and has a dense structure.
여기서, 동합금용탕(40)이 응고되면 실린더배럴모재(19)로부터 거푸집(30)을 분리하게 된다.Here, when the molten copper alloy 40 is solidified, the formwork 30 is separated from the cylinder barrel base material 19.
그리고, 응고된 상태의 동합금용탕(40)을 선반 절삭하여 일정 두께의 동합금층(20-1)으로 만들게 된다.Then, the copper alloy molten metal 40 in a solidified state is cut off to make the copper alloy layer 20-1 having a predetermined thickness.
이때, 동합금층(20-1)과 실린더배럴모재(19)에 유로 등을 가공한 후, 동합금층(20-1)의 표면을 래핑(Lapping)가공하여 정밀다듬질을 하게 된다.At this time, after processing the flow path and the like to the copper alloy layer 20-1 and the cylinder barrel base material 19, the surface of the copper alloy layer 20-1 (Lapping) processing to give a fine finish.
이로써, 밸브플레이트(10)와 접촉하는 실린더배럴(9)의 접촉면에는 모재와 완벽하게 융착된 조밀조직의 동합금층(20-1)이 형성되어 밸브플레이트와의 윤활효과를 현저히 증대시키게 된다.As a result, a dense copper alloy layer 20-1 is formed on the contact surface of the cylinder barrel 9 in contact with the valve plate 10 to significantly increase the lubrication effect with the valve plate.
본 발명은 유압모터 및 펌프에 설치되는 실린더배럴과 밸브플레이트 사이의 윤활성을 증대시키기 위한 목적으로 실린더배럴에 동합금을 용탕단조방법을 이용하여 융착함으로써 완벽한 융착상태를 유도하면서 윤활성을 현저히 증대시킬 수 있는 효과를 제공하게 된다.The present invention can increase the lubricity significantly while inducing a perfect welding state by fusion welding the copper alloy to the cylinder barrel using a forging method for the purpose of increasing the lubricity between the cylinder barrel and the valve plate installed in the hydraulic motor and the pump. Will provide an effect.
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| KR10-2002-0014487A KR100431615B1 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2002-03-18 | Method for cladding cylinder barrel with copper alloy in hydraulic motor and pump |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63180418A (en) * | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | Manufacture of electrode for electric discharge machining |
| JPH02235564A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-18 | Akashi Godo:Kk | Continuous working method for covering casting and austempering treatment |
| JPH06330345A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-11-29 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Lining method of cu alloy |
| US5943942A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1999-08-31 | Sundstrand Corporation | Copper-based alloy casting process |
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2002
- 2002-03-18 KR KR10-2002-0014487A patent/KR100431615B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63180418A (en) * | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | Manufacture of electrode for electric discharge machining |
| JPH02235564A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-18 | Akashi Godo:Kk | Continuous working method for covering casting and austempering treatment |
| JPH06330345A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-11-29 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Lining method of cu alloy |
| US5943942A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1999-08-31 | Sundstrand Corporation | Copper-based alloy casting process |
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