KR100421805B1 - Method of smoke control - Google Patents

Abstract

In the event of a fire in a high-rise building and basement floor, use an elevator hoistway as an air passage to supply outside air to the smoke control area where people evacuate.The airflow fan is connected to the lower part of the elevator hoistway, and the set wind speed moves in the hoistway. Since the friction loss is reduced to a negligible level, the static pressure is maintained between the upper and lower floors in the hoistway, and the set differential pressure can be maintained by accurately supplying the set air volume to the ventilation area of the building's entire floor.

Therefore, when the smoke damper on the entire floor of the high-rise building is opened due to the fire, the set air volume supplied from the outside to the smoke control area of the entire floor is accurate to reduce the casualties caused by smoke and toxic gases, and to supply external air to the smoke control area. By using the elevator hoistway as a passage, it is not necessary to reduce the cost cost, increase the exclusive area of the building, and to precisely control the opening area of the building's air supply damper, and to reduce the total capacity of the building by reducing the motor capacity of the air supply fan. Therefore, it is not necessary to renovate and reinstall the duct using the structure of the existing building.

Description

Method of smoke control

The present invention provides a duct for forcibly supplying outside air to a smoke-restricted area (refer to the evacuation area in front of each elevator in case of a fire) to protect people from smoke and toxic asphyxiation in case of fire in high-rise buildings such as buildings and apartments. As a result, the present invention relates to a method of controlling the ventilation of which the outside air supply is constant to the ventilation area of the entire building floor by using the elevator hoistway.

More specifically, the set wind volume supplied to the smoke control area is extremely low when moving in the elevator lift, so that friction loss is negligible, so that the static pressure between the upper and lower floors in the elevator lift is maintained, so that the supply air volume is correctly supplied to the smoke control area of the entire building floor. In order to precisely control the opening area of the building floor air supply damper, the present invention relates to a ventilation method using an elevator hoistway, which is unnecessary.

Hereinafter, the term "leakage" in the term "leakage" is the amount of air that escapes from the ventilation area through gaps in the doors and elevators of the ventilation area, and "replenishment" is the smoke through the entrance opening when evacuating to the ventilation area. This is the amount of fresh air that must be replenished to prevent penetration.

Generally, smoke control facilities at designated places, such as high-rise buildings and apartments, are used for the purpose of contributing to the maintenance of public well-being and the welfare of society by protecting, protecting and protecting people's lives, bodies, and property by preventing, guarding, and suppressing fires. The smoke control damper which prevents the smoke and toxic gas emitted from the fire from spreading to the smoke control area of the building any more and forcibly introduces the air from the outside of the building into the smoke control area is prevented from accidental death by automatic or manual operation. It is installed to be opened and closed by a driving motor or wind pressure.

As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the conventional method of dehumidification, the air supply duct (2) to supply the necessary amount of leakage and replenishment to the smoke control area (1) of the entire building floor in the event of a fire in high-rise building In order to prevent overpressure inside the ventilation area (1), indoor exhaust air ducts (leakage amount and replenishment amount) are installed on one side of the ventilation area (1) to intake and discharge them to the outdoors. The air supply damper 4 and the discharge damper 5 are installed to be opened and closed automatically or manually by the air supply duct 2 and the air exhaust duct 3 so as to supply and discharge the leakage amount and the replenishment amount to the entire floor of the building.

Reference numeral 6 denotes an air supply fan that blows fresh air from the outside of the building to the air supply duct 2 so as to supply it to the ventilation area 1, and 7 sucks and discharges the air corresponding to the leakage and replenishment from the indoors. Exhaust fan discharged to the outside through duct (3), F1 is the flap damper for the system in which the surplus replenishment is open to the outside when the differential pressure is formed in the ventilation area (1), F2 is the door of the ventilation area (1) It is a flap damper for the smoke control area that operates by closing the door and discharges the overpressure.

At this time, as schematically shown in Figure 3, the air supply damper (4) for controlling the amount and direction of air supplied from the air supply duct (2) to the ventilation zone (1) by driving by automatic or manual operation when a fire occurs Rotation shaft 8 is fixed to the motor (7), several damper blades (9) connected via a link and a connecting bar so as to be rotated in the left and right directions, respectively, interlocked when driving the rotary shaft (8), damper blade (9) It is configured as a louver 12 (formed from a punching plate or wire mesh) formed with a plurality of louver blades 11 which are fixed to the rear to cover the inside and protect the internal parts from being touched. Or a louver that protects the part in a backdraft damper of a refractory structure in an area control panel which is automatically operated by pressure in the duct.

However, in the case of the above-mentioned air supply duct, the area of the installation is limited, so that the door of the elevator, the main rope of the machine room, the penetration of the counterweight rope, the door through the door, the doors and windows of the door, the door through the staircase and the staircase The air flow rate is calculated by considering the amount of leakage through the entrance of the window, the ventilation area, etc., and the supplementary amount to maintain the smoke speed when the door is opened. Due to the large friction loss, the static pressure is high, so the pressure difference between the upper and lower floors in the duct is so great that the air supply damper with controlled opening area is required in the entire building floor to supply a certain amount of airflow.

However, in the state of practical use, the amount of leakage and replenishment to be supplied to the smoke control area and the like cannot be precisely controlled, which causes uneven amount of fresh air to be supplied to the smoke control area of the building's entire floor resulting in a relatively insufficient air volume. In the layers (the more severe from the lower to higher) there is a problem that can lead to death by suffocation.

In other words, as the pressure difference generated in the air supply duct between the upper and lower floors of the building is reduced, it is required to precisely control the opening of the air supply damper so as to supply the air volume necessary for the ventilation area of the front floor of the building appropriately. The cost increases due to the increase of the number, and the parts such as the gear reducer and blade of the air supply damper are inaccurate due to wear and breakage when repeatedly driven, and the opening of the air supply damper on the entire floor of the building can be precisely opened and closed. Research and development continues, but there is a problem that is just a technical level that can not be useful in the actual field.

In addition, in order to increase the wind speed in the duct in the process of supplying the air volume to the ventilation area through the air supply duct having a limited cross-sectional area, the frictional loss is generated largely, so the capacity of the air supply fan motor is increased. There is a problem that the capacity is increased.

Therefore, an object of the present invention, even when opening the air supply damper on the entire floor of the building due to the fire of the high and basement floor of the building, it is possible to maintain a differential pressure in the ventilation area for indoors by supplying a constant amount of air to the ventilation area of the building's entire floor. Therefore, it is to provide a ventilation method that uses an elevator hoisting as a ventilation duct to reduce as many as possible suffocation due to suffocation.

Another object of the present invention is to use an elevator hoistway as a passage for supplying fresh outside air to the ventilation area, so that a separate installation of the air supply duct is unnecessary, so that a dedicated space of the building can be increased to efficiently utilize a limited space. To provide.

Another object of the present invention, by using the elevator duct with a large internal space as the air supply duct, the difference in the static pressure due to the friction loss in the duct between the upper and lower floors of the building is significantly reduced, it is possible to supply a constant wind pressure, air volume to the entire floor of the building It is not necessary to have a separate control device to precisely control the opening area of the air supply damper, and it is possible to significantly reduce the capacity of the air supply fan motor, thereby providing a smoke control method that can reduce the total capacity of the building such as an apartment complex. will be.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a smoke control method that can reduce costs by using a structure of an existing building as an air supply duct so that the work of remodeling and reinstalling the duct is unnecessary.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a smoke control method for protecting a person in an elevator from smoke because a constant pressure is formed in an elevator hoistway by an air supply fan drive.

1 is a schematic diagram of a method for removing smoke according to the prior art,

Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the smoke control method according to the prior art,

3 is a schematic view of a damping damper installed in a method of removing smoke according to the prior art,

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a method of removing the smoke using the elevator hoisting according to the present invention,

5 is a schematic plan view of a method for removing smoke according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols used in the main part of the drawing

20; Smoke area

21; Elevator hoist

22; Supply damper

23; Discharge damper

24; Air supply fan

25; Exhaust fan

26; Exhaust duct

27; Flap Damper for System

28; Flap Damper for Smoke Control Area

The object of the present invention described above, by driving an air supply fan to protect people from smoke or toxic gas in the event of a fire in a high-rise building and basement floor to force fresh air from outside into the ventilation area, forced inflow indoors In the ventilation method of driving the exhaust fan to the outside by driving the exhaust fan to form a differential pressure in the ventilation area against the indoor, using the elevator hoistway (21) as an air passage for supplying the outside air to the ventilation area (20) When the set air volume moves along the elevator hoistway 21, the wind speed decreases as the air flow fan 24 is connected to the lower side of the elevator hoistway 21, thereby reducing the frictional loss, so that the static pressure between the upper and lower floors of the elevator hoistway 21 is maintained. Elevator lift, characterized in that to maintain the differential pressure set in the smoke control section 20 by supplying the air volume to the smoke control section 20 of the building floor through the air supply damper 22 accurately The ventilation is achieved by providing a method of using a ventilation duct.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in accordance with the accompanying drawings, which are intended to be described in detail to be easily carried out by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, and therefore the technical of the present invention This does not mean that the idea and the scope are limited.

As shown in Figure 4, when the fire in the high-rise building and basement floor to operate the air supply fan 24 to protect people evacuated from the smoke or toxic gas to the smoke control area to force the outside fresh air to the smoke control area. And the exhaust fan 25 is driven to discharge the amount of air forced into the outside to form a differential pressure in the smoke control area 20 to the indoor, the description thereof is used in the art The description will be omitted below because it will belong to the description.

Therefore, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, while using the elevator hoistway 21 as an air passage for supplying external air to the above-described smoke control area 20, the air supply fan 24 communicated with the elevator hoistway 21 underneath. When the set air volume is moved in the elevator hoistway 21, the wind speed is extremely reduced, so that the friction loss is negligible, so that the static pressure between the upper and lower floors in the elevator hoistway 21 is maintained, so that the differential pressure set in the smoke control area 20 of the entire building floor is maintained. Can be maintained.

Hereinafter, an example in which a ventilation method using an elevator hoistway according to the present invention as a dehumidification duct is described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 will be described below.

In the event of a fire in a high-rise building and basement floor, the above-described air supply fan 24 and the exhaust fan 25 operate according to the manual operation or the operation of the automatic fire detection device, and at this time, the air supply damper 22 and the exhaust of the entire building floor. As the damper 23 is opened, the fresh air sucked from the outside through the air supply fan 24 flows into the elevator hoistway 21 described above, and then passes through the open air supply damper 22 of the entire building floor. Air is supplied sequentially to the ventilation area 20 of the, and the amount of air supplied to the ventilation area 20 reaches the set pressure according to the replenishment amount after the equilibrium state with the amount of leaking through the various clearances of the ventilation area 20 At this time, a set differential pressure (about 50 Pascal) is generated indoors.

If the replenishment amount is excessive, the flap damper 27 of the ventilation method is operated to open, and the excess replenishment amount is discharged to the outside, and at the same time, the amount of air corresponding to the amount of leaking out of the ventilation area 20 is supplied to the air supply damper 22. Will continue to be supplied to the ventilation area 20 through.

Therefore, the smoke control area 20 of the entire building floor can maintain the set differential pressure compared with indoors.

At the same time, the above-described discharge damper 23 is opened to discharge the amount of air corresponding to the amount of air leaking from the ventilation zone 20 into the room and the amount of air corresponding to the replenishment amount from the indoor to the outdoor through the discharge duct 26. It is possible to prevent the rise of the pressure in the room to prevent backflow of smoke or toxic gases from the indoors to the regeneration zone.

Then, when opening the door of the above-described ventilation zone 20, if the air amount corresponding to the amount of leakage and replenishment supplied through the air supply damper 22 is supplied indoors through the open door of the ventilation zone 20, the flap damper for the system Since the 27 is closed to increase the pressure in the ventilation zone 20, smoke or toxic gas at a fire occurrence location due to the opening of the door of the ventilation zone 20 can be prevented from invading the ventilation zone 20. .

On the other hand, when closing the door of the ventilation area 20 again, while maintaining the set pressure in the ventilation area 20 is disposed on one side of the ventilation area 20 so that overpressure is not formed in the ventilation area 20 and the discharge duct 26 Since the flap damper 28 installed in the opening is opened, the amount of air above the set pressure to the discharge duct 26 is discharged to the discharge duct 26 through the flap damper 28 to open the door of the smoke control area 20. It can be closed without difficulty.

At this time, since the flap damper 27 for the system is opened when the amount of air supplied to the above-described ventilation zone 20 exceeds the set pressure, only the leakage amount is continuously supplied to the ventilation zone 20 to provide a predetermined differential pressure compared to indoors. It is possible to maintain, and to discharge the replenishment amount except the leakage amount supplied to the ventilation area 20 to the atmosphere through the flap damper 27 for the system.

Next, when the fire is extinguished and the driving of the smoke control method is manually stopped in the central management room of the high-rise building and the basement floor, the driving of the air supply fan 24 and the exhaust fan 25 is stopped, and the air supply damper 22 and the discharge described above are stopped. The damper 23 is returned to its initial position and closed.

On the other hand, in the case of high-rise apartments, the leakage from the ventilation area is leaked out through the gap between the staircase room and the elevator machine room. Quantity is not supplied.

For this reason, the use of the exhaust duct and the flap damper in the smoke control method applied to the high-rise apartment is unnecessary, except for this is applied in the same manner as the above-mentioned high-rise building, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As mentioned above, according to a preferable embodiment, it has the following advantages.

Even when the smoke dampers on the entire floor of the building are opened due to the fires in the high-rise and basement buildings, it is possible to maintain a differential pressure in the smoke-control area against the indoors by supplying a constant amount of air to the smoke control area of the building's entire floor. Can be.

In addition, by using an elevator hoistway as a passage for supplying fresh outside air to the ventilation area, it is possible to efficiently use the limited space by increasing the dedicated area of the building.

In addition, by using the elevator hoistway with a large internal space as an air supply duct, the wind speed is very small when the set wind volume between the upper and lower floors of the building moves within the elevator hoistway, which significantly reduces the frictional loss. In addition, a separate control device for precisely controlling the opening area of the air supply damper is unnecessary, and the capacity of the ventilation fan motor can be significantly reduced, so that the total capacity of the entire building such as an apartment complex can be reduced.

In addition, by utilizing the structure of the existing building as an air supply duct, it is unnecessary to renovate and reinstall the duct can reduce the cost.

In addition, since a constant pressure is formed in the hoistway by driving the air supply fan, the person in the elevator can be safely protected from the smoke.

Claims (1)

In the event of a fire in the building, the air supply fan is driven to introduce fresh air into the elevator hoistway 21, and the air flowing through the elevator hoistway 21 passes through the air supply damper 22 on the entire floor of the building to the ventilation zone 20. And supplying air to the ventilation area (20) so as to supply more air volume than the total amount of air leaking outside the ventilation area (20) so that the ventilation area (20) can maintain the differential pressure.