KR100402808B1 - a map using geodedic grid reference system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention draws a grid line based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the WGS-84 geospheroid, and draws the grid lines so that the lattice size of the minimum unit formed by the intersection of the longitude and latitude lines is about 1 cm × 1 cm. This is a map based on a universal coordinate system that can map the map using a grid coordinate-based reference coordinate system that can be coded and displayed anywhere on the map.The grid size of the minimum unit is 1cm × 1. A grid portion 11 on which a grid line is drawn so that the actual map is displayed according to the map scale; Four corners (12, 12, 12, 12) located at four corners of the grid portion (11) and capable of displaying common information related to the contour; An upper end 13 and a lower end 13 ′ positioned above and below the grating part 11 to display a hardness corresponding to each grating; Located at the left and right of the grid portion (1) and the left end 14 and the right end 14 'which displays the latitude corresponding to each grid; and can be used as a new address system, the location search service is efficiently improved In addition, the map can be easily searched by using the index index or the index map on the paper map, and the direction guidance function can be implemented by displaying the current position and the progress direction graphic in the grid coordinates according to the present invention on the GPS terminal.

Description

A map using geodedic grid reference system}

The present invention relates to a map using a universal coordinate system for coordinates of the world. In particular, the lattice size of the smallest unit formed by intersection of longitude and latitude on the map based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the WGS-84 geospheroid is about 1 cm × 1 cm. Draws the grid to the map scale and codes the grid coordinates according to the map scale and displays the map by the grid coordinate reference coordinate system which is displayed on the edge of the map. It is about.

In order to display the ellipsoid earth as a planar map, first model the shape of the earth ellipsoid into an appropriate shape (eg WGS-84, Bessel, etc.) and then use different projections (e.g., TM, UTM, etc.), which are produced by applying different ellipsoids and different projections, the coordinate values for the same location point vary depending on the type of map.

In general, longitude and latitude coordinates can represent an arbitrary position as a unique coordinate value in a globally unified manner.However, when a location is measured using a TM coordinate system and a map is represented based on a TM projection, as in Korea, The lines are shown as curves and appear differently by scale. In addition, in the case of paper maps in which arbitrary regions are simply drawn in horizontal and vertical directions based on TM coordinates, and serial numbers are given in turn, latitude and longitude coordinates on most paper maps do not match. It is difficult to identify the location on the map by the longitude and latitude coordinates.

In Korea, most maps are produced based on the map of the National Geographic Institute, which is the national basic map, and most of them are expressed in TM coordinate system of Bessel ellipsoid. In this case, Korea is divided into three regions of eastern, central, and western regions, and the horizontal and vertical axes are orthogonal to each other with respect to different origins. In this case, it is difficult to display a map with unified coordinates without errors between regions because the joint area of the boundary is widened and the position error becomes large in the region boundary portion. In particular, it is difficult to utilize for applications requiring a uniform coordinate notation without error worldwide, such as GPS.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, the purpose of which is expressed in grid coordinates based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the WGS-84 geospheroidal world-wide common grid that can be applied simultaneously in common across the world To provide a map by the coordinate system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a map by the world-wide grid coordinate system capable of displaying the current position and the progress direction graphics in the grid coordinates that are displayed in the same manner based on the longitude and latitude coordinates, the location search is accurate and easy will be.

Another object of the present invention is to use a global coordinate grid system for displaying a map in a manner in which the lattice coordinates coincide with the longitude and latitude lines and display the lattice coordinates even for maps drawn by various geospheroidal models and various projection methods. To provide a map.

1 is an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by 1 degree and displayed between 124 degrees east longitude and 132 degrees east longitude, and between 32 degrees north latitude and 44 degrees north latitude,

2 is an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by one minute and displayed between 126 degrees 51 minutes east and 126 degrees 60 minutes east and 37 degrees 36 minutes north and 37 degrees 47 minutes north,

3 is an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by 1/10 minutes to display between 126 degrees 55.4 minutes and 126 degrees 56.3 minutes east, 37 degrees 41.6 minutes north and 37 degrees 42.7 minutes north,

4 is an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by 1/100 minutes to display between 126 degrees 55.71 minutes east and 126 degrees 55.80 minutes east, 37 degrees 42.11 minutes north and 37 degrees 42.22 minutes north,

5 is an example showing between 126 degrees 55.777 minutes east longitude 126 degrees 55.782 minutes longitude including the grid section, 37 degrees north latitude 42.198 minutes 37 degrees north latitude 37.42 minutes,

6a-6f is an example in which the minimum lattice spacing varies depending on the scale,

7 is an example of displaying lattice coordinates using the longitude and latitude up to the second unit,

8 is an example of a map in which the longitude line appears inclined when actually displayed by TM projection.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

11: center grid portion 12: 4 corner empty portion

13, 13 ': top, bottom 14, 14': left, right

In order to achieve the above object, the map according to the universal coordinate system of the world according to the present invention is a grid portion in which a grid line is drawn so that the grid size of the minimum unit is about 1 cm × 1 cm and the actual map is displayed according to the map scale ( 11); Four corners (12, 12, 12, 12) located at four corners of the grid portion (11) and capable of displaying common information related to the contour; An upper end 13 and a lower end 13 ′ positioned above and below the grating part 11 to display a hardness corresponding to each grating; And a left end 14 and a right end 14 'positioned at left and right sides of the lattice part 1 and displaying latitude corresponding to each lattice.

The map by the world-wide grid coordinate system according to the present invention can be represented in a variety of forms, the first is a map showing the latitude and longitude as a rectangular coordinate system by applying a virtual projection method, corresponding to the longitude and latitude value in the outline It is expressed by coded grid coordinate value. The second is applicable if the Earth ellipsoid model is not WGS-84 or if the projection is drawn in a non-virtual projection. The grid lines are superimposed on the map to match the WGS-84 longitude and latitude lines. In addition, the grid coordinate values corresponding to the grids are indicated on the edge.

The earth ellipsoid is based on the WGS-84, which is the origin of the earth's center, but supports WGS-84 through coordinate transformation when the map is made by applying other ellipsoid models such as Bessel.

In the projection method, based on the method of displaying a flat map and displaying it on the outline of the map by applying a virtual projection method that displays latitude and longitude coordinates in a rectangular coordinate system, and a map produced by a projection method other than virtual projection Shows coordinates of the grid for each map scale and range through coordinate transformation.

When applying a coordinate system according to the present invention to produce a map and display the position coordinates of a specific point, it is possible to represent the coordinates in a consistent manner irrespective of scale or range for any contour.

When longitude and latitude are expressed in grid-shaped coordinates, reference coordinates representing the minimum unit grid may be expressed as grid code values. In this case, the longitude is assigned to the lattice interval based on the longitude coordinate value corresponding to the left boundary of the grid, and the latitude is assigned a code value based on the lattice interval relative to the lower boundary.

First, when the unit lattice interval is more than 1 degree in both longitude and latitude, a code is given as follows. The longitude is written with the letter W in front of the lattice section reference longitude position value from the west longitude 180 degrees (W180) to the west longitude 0 degrees zone, and the lattice standard longitude degree up to 180 degrees (E180) from 0 degrees (E0). (degree) Paste the letter E before the unit position value. 0 degrees can be used for both W and E, but if possible, use E. Also, latitude is the lattice interval reference latitude position value after the letter S from Antarctica (S90) before the equator and lattice reference latitude position value is appended after the letter N from the equator (N0) to the north pole (N90). .

FIG. 1 shows an example in which latitude and longitude lattice sections are divided by 1 degree and displayed between 124 degrees east longitude and 132 degrees east longitude, and between 32 degrees north latitude and 44 degrees north latitude.

The middle grid portion 11 is a portion where an actual map is displayed, and four corners 12, 12, 12, and 12 may indicate common information (eg, page, index information, etc.) related to the contour. The longitude corresponding to each grating is displayed at the upper end 13 and the lower end 13 ', and the latitude corresponding to each grating is shown at the left end 14 and the right end 14'. Thus, the coordinate values corresponding to each grid represent the coordinates of the lower left intersection of each grid.

For example, in the case of the world map in which the grid section is divided into 15 degrees of longitude and latitude, the grid section of Korea is located between 120 and 135 degrees east longitude and between 30 and 45 degrees north latitude. The coordinate is (E120, N30). As another example, in FIG. 1, which distinguishes between the longitude and latitude lattice intervals by 1 degree, between 124 degrees east longitude and 132 degrees east longitude, and between 32 degrees north latitude 44 degrees north latitude, Incheon Metropolitan City is between 126 degrees east longitude and 127 degrees east longitude, 37 degrees north latitude 37 Since it is between 38 degrees north latitude, it corresponds to the hatched interval grid, which is represented by the code (E126, N37).

Next, when each grid section in units of 1 degree is divided by an integer and the minimum grid section is represented by an integer multiple of 1 minute, the lattice code value of the longitude representing each minimum grid section is the longitude line corresponding to the left boundary line. The latitude code value is assigned based on the lower boundary.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by one minute to display between 126 degrees 51 minutes east and 126 degrees 60 minutes east and 37 degrees 36 minutes north and 37 degrees 47 minutes north.

The upper end 13 and the lower end 13 'are composed of hardness display units 131 and 131' which display degrees of hardness, and minute display units 132 and 132 'which display minutes of hardness. Similarly, the left end 14 and the right end 14 'are composed of latitude display units 141 and 141' for displaying the latitude, and minute display units 142 and 142 'for displaying the minute.

A description will be given using grid coordinates by taking a specific point of Seoul located at 126 degrees 55 minutes 47 seconds east and 37 degrees 42 minutes 12 seconds north latitude. For a scale 1: 200,000 map that displays a grid of 60 degrees at 1 minute intervals, the latitude is between 126 degrees 55 minutes and 56 minutes east longitude, and the latitude is between 37 degrees 42 north latitude and 37 degrees 43 north latitude. The coordinates of the interval may be represented by (E126M55, N37M42).

Grid sections E126M55 and N37M42 represented by grid coordinates in FIG. 2 are indicated by hatched lines. In addition, if the scale of 1: 3 million in Korea is divided into four quarters with a minimum grid section of 15 minutes, the grid section to which the above example belongs is located between 126 degrees 45 minutes east and 127 degrees 00 minutes east, and the latitude is 37 degrees north latitude. Since it is located between 30 and 45 minutes, the coordinates of the grid section in this case can be expressed as (E126M45, N37M30).

Next, in order to divide each grid section by one minute into smaller grid sections, it can be considered to divide into 10 equal parts, 100 equal parts, and 1000 equal parts. In case of dividing by 10, longitude indicates lattice coordinates of minute or less as decimal value of 1 minute unit, and lattice coordinate is represented by 1 digit integer which is a multiple of 1/10 minutes unit after X character. The lattice coordinate is represented by a one-digit integer corresponding to a multiple of 1 / 10th. In the case of 100 equal parts, the longitude and latitude are represented by two-digit integers, respectively.

For the same point located at 126 degrees 55 minutes 47 seconds (126 degrees 55.780 minutes) and 37 degrees 42 minutes 12 seconds (37 degrees 42.200 minutes) north of Tokyo, we first divide 1 minute into a 10: 1 map on a scale of 1: 15,000. Consider the case.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by 1/10 minutes to display between 126 degrees 55.4 minutes east length and 126 degrees 56.3 minutes east length, and 37 degrees 41.6 minutes north latitude 37 degrees 42.7 minutes north latitude.

The upper end 13 and the lower end 13 'are the longitude and minute display parts 133 and 133' which display the hardness and minutes, and the 1/10 minute display parts 134 and 134 'which display the minutes of the hardness in units of 1/10 minutes. It consists of Similarly, the left end 14 and the right end 14 'are the latitude and minute display parts 143 and 143' for displaying latitude and minutes and the 1/10 minute display parts for displaying the minutes of latitude in units of 1/10 minutes. ').

In this case, since the minimum lattice spacing is 1/10, the longitude corresponds to the E129M55X7 grid section because it is located between 55.7 minutes and 55.8 minutes at 126 degrees longitude, and the latitude corresponds to the N37M42Y2 grid section because it is located between 42.2 minutes and 42.3 minutes north latitude 37 degrees. Therefore, the coordinates of the grid section including 126 degrees 55 minutes 47 seconds (126 degrees 55.780 minutes) north latitude 37 degrees 42 minutes 12 seconds (37 degrees 42.200 minutes) can be represented by (E126M55X7, N37M42Y2).

4 shows an example in which longitude and latitude lattice sections are divided by 1/100 minutes to display between 126 degrees 55.71 minutes east and 126 degrees 55.80 minutes east and 37 degrees 42.11 minutes north and 37 degrees 42.22 minutes north.

The upper end 13 and the lower end 13 'are the longitude and minute display parts 133 and 133' which display the hardness and minutes, and the 1/100 minute display parts 135 and 135 'which display the minutes of the hardness in units of 1/100 minutes. And the left end 14 and the right end 14 'are latitude and minute display parts 143 and 143' for displaying latitude and minutes, and a 1/100 minute display for displaying minutes of latitude in units of 1/100 minutes. 145 and 145 '.

If the minimum grid interval is divided into 100 by 1 minute at 1 / 100-minute intervals, the grid segment to which the above-mentioned point belongs is located between 126 degrees 55.78 minutes and 55.79 minutes east and between 37 degrees 42.20 degrees north and 37 degrees 42.21 minutes north. As shown in Fig. 4, the coordinates of the grid section can be represented by (E126M55X78, N37M42Y20).

Lastly, when the minimum section is divided into 1000 equal intervals of 1 minute at 1/1000 minute intervals, between 126 degrees 55.787 minutes east and 126 degrees 55.792 minutes east and 37 degrees north latitude 37 degrees 42.198 minutes including the grid section in FIG. An example showing between 42.203 minutes is shown.

The upper end 13 and the lower end 13 'are the longitude and minute display parts 133 and 133' which indicate the longitude and minutes, and the 1/1000 minute display parts 136 and 136 'which display the minutes of the longitude in units of 1/1000 minutes. And the left end 14 and the right end 14 'are latitude and minute display portions 143 and 143' for displaying latitude and minutes and 1/1000 minute display for displaying minutes of latitude in units of 1/1000 minutes. 146, 146 '.

The grid section to which the above example points belongs is located between 126 degrees 55.780 minutes and 55.781 minutes east and is located between 37 degrees 42.200 minutes north latitude and 37 degrees 42.201 minutes north latitude, so the coordinates of this grid section can be expressed as It is shown by the hatched part in FIG.

In the case described above, a method of displaying one minute by dividing it into 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, etc. without using the unit of seconds is shown. However, a case of using the second unit as another display method may be considered. .

In this case, as shown in Fig. 7, a letter S is used before the second unit and a letter X for the longitude direction and a letter Y for the latitude direction to represent the decimal point after the second number. 7 shows an example of grid coordinates at one second intervals. A number can be added after X or Y. If 1 second is divided by 1/10, it is represented by 1 digit after X or Y. In the case of 1 second is about 30m, 1/10 of 1 second is about 3m.

For reference, one grid interval is displayed as approximately 2m or less on a large scale map where 1 minute is less than 2km and 1 minute is divided into 1000, so the GPS position with SA (Selection Availability) removed from 1st May 2000 Considering that the accuracy is 6-10m, it is preferable to express the position by dividing the maximum by 1000 equal to 1 minute.

By displaying the display intervals of the grid coordinates differently for each scale, the minimum lattice spacing can be expressed differently according to the scale as shown below, and the minimum lattice spacing on the map is gradually added or subtracted from the horizontal and vertical directions about 1cm × 1cm. You can easily find the location you want on the map.

World map: 15 degrees apart for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 3 million (conduction): 15 minutes each for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 2 million maps: Longitude and latitude 10 minutes apart

Scale 1: 1 million maps: 5 minutes each for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 200,000 map: One minute each for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 150,000 maps: One minute each for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 125,000 map: Intervals of 5/10 minutes each of longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 100,000 map: Intervals of 5/10 minutes each of longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 50,000 maps: 2/10 minute intervals of longitude and latitude respectively

Scale 1: 25,000 maps: Longitude and latitude 1/10 minutes apart

Scale 1: 20,000 maps: Longitude and latitude 1/10 minute intervals each

Scale 1: 15,000 maps: Longitude and latitude 1/10 minute intervals each

Scale 1: 12,500 maps: 5/100 minutes apart for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 10,000 maps: Longitude and latitude 5/100 minute intervals each

Scale 1: 5,000 maps: 2/100 minutes apart for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 2,000 maps: 1/100 minute intervals for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 1,000 maps: 5 / 1,000 minutes apart for longitude and latitude

Scale 1: 200 maps: 1 / 1,000 minute intervals for longitude and latitude

In the case of printing a paper map, the size and location area of the outline are determined in advance, but even for the same scale, a map including a specific location area may be required depending on the purpose of use. In addition, in the case of a digital map displayed on a computer, the size and display area of a screen displaying a map (which corresponds to a map as compared to the case of a paper map) may change from time to time according to a user's operation. Therefore, assuming that the contour can be selected for any area with any size, the grid coordinates are represented in a consistent manner regardless of the scale and the area change of the contour.

In the case of a small scale map in which the grid is displayed at intervals of 1 degree or more, the longitude and latitude grid codes are indicated at the positions corresponding to the grids on the horizontal and vertical borders.

6A illustrates an example in which a grid including the entire Korean peninsula and grid coordinates spaced by one degree are displayed on an edge. FIG. 6B shows an example of a contour border when a portion of the central region is represented by a scale 1: 2 million map with a minimum grid spacing of 10 minutes.

The grid code corresponding to the multiple of 10 minutes, which is the minimum grid unit, and the upper unit grid corresponding to 1 degree, which consists of 6 10 minutes, are divided and displayed, and the boundary of 1 degree is displayed in bold or different colors so that users can easily identify them. Do it.

6c shows an example of the vicinity of Gunsan in the case of a scale 1: 200,000 map having a minimum lattice spacing of 1 minute.

The longitude ranges from 126 degrees 42 minutes to 51 minutes east and the latitude ranges from 36 degrees 56 minutes north to 37 degrees 7 minutes north.

In FIG. 6D, an example of a scale 1: 15,000 map having a minimum lattice spacing of 6 seconds (1/10 minutes) shows a part of downtown Seoul.

The longitude ranges from 126 degrees 58 minutes and 24 seconds (58.4 minutes) to 126 degrees 59 minutes and 24 seconds (59.4 minutes), and latitudes range from 37 degrees 34.6 minutes north to 37 degrees 35.7 minutes north.

FIG. 6E shows an example of a scale 1: 5,000 map with a minimum interval of 2/100 minutes.

The longitude ranges from 126 degrees 58.88 minutes east to 126 degrees 59.06 minutes east, and the latitude ranges from 37 degrees 34.92 minutes north to 37 degrees 35.16 minutes north.

An example of a scale 1: 200 map with a minimum lattice spacing of 1/1000 minutes is shown in FIG. 6F.

The longitude ranges from 126 degrees 58.997 minutes east to 126 degrees 58.003 minutes east, and the latitude ranges from 37 degrees 34.998 minutes north to 37 degrees 35.004 minutes north.

7 shows an example in which lattice coordinates are displayed using the longitude and latitude up to the second unit.

When lattice coordinates are displayed using units of longitude and latitude up to degrees and minutes seconds, S is displayed before the number of seconds, and the number of seconds after the S character is expressed. Coordinate values corresponding to 1 / 10th of a second are represented by one digit after the X character, coordinate values corresponding to 1 / 100th of a second are represented by two digits after the X, and latitude represents the number of seconds after the S character. The coordinate value corresponding to 1/10 is represented by one digit after the Y character, and the coordinate value corresponding to 1/100 of 1 second is represented by two digits.

In the above, the actual earth shape is modeled as an ellipsoid of various shapes and displayed as a map through projection on a plane. When the map is actually drawn by TM projection, the longitudinal line is inclined as shown in FIG. When the upper right / lower or upper left / lower longitude values of the corner coordinates are different or the upper right / left and lower right / lower latitude values are different, the grid line may be inclined as shown in FIG. 8.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to use a new address system, and use the grid coordinates of the present invention as an auxiliary address while using the address system uniquely used in each country, thereby greatly improving the location service. Therefore, the development cost is low, it can be developed in a short time, and can be applied worldwide. The location search service is efficiently improved, and the map can be easily searched by using a paper index or an index map on a paper map, and the directions are displayed by displaying the current position and the progress direction graphic by the grid coordinates according to the present invention on a GPS terminal. The functionality can be implemented.

Claims (8)

A grid portion 11 in which a grid line is drawn so that the grid size of the smallest unit is about 1 cm × 1 cm and the actual map is displayed according to the map scale; Four corners (12, 12, 12, 12) located at four corners of the grid portion (11) and capable of displaying common information related to the contour; An upper end 13 and a lower end 13 ′ positioned above and below the grating part 11 to display hardness corresponding to each grating; And A map by a world-wide grid coordinate system comprising left and right ends (14 ') positioned at left and right of the lattice portion (1) and latitude corresponding to each lattice. The method of claim 1, wherein the longitude and latitude are; In the case of displaying a map by applying a virtual projection method, longitude and latitude lines are represented by a rectangular coordinate system, When displaying a map in projection, the actual longitude and latitude lines are represented by a straight line or curve, depending on the projection. Global grid coordinate system, characterized in that the grid coordinate values are displayed on the upper end 13, lower end 13 ', left end 14 and right end 14' for the grid section created by the longitude and latitude lines. Map by. The method of claim 2, wherein the lattice interval of the lattice coordinate values is one degree or more in both longitude and latitude, Longitude is the letter W in front of the lattice section reference longitude position value from the west longitude 180 degrees (W180) to the west longitude 0 degrees zone, and the lattice section reference longitude position up to 180 degrees east (E180) from 0 degrees (E0). Write the letter E before the value, Latitude is a global world characterized by writing the lattice reference latitude position value after the letter S from Antarctica (S90) before the equator and lattice reference latitude position value after the letter N from the equator (N0) to the north pole (N90). Map using a common grid coordinate system. The method of claim 2, wherein the minimum grid section is expressed as an integer multiple of one minute by dividing each grid section by one degree of the grid coordinate value by an integer. The upper end 13 and the lower end 13 'are composed of hardness display units 131 and 131' which display degrees of hardness, and minute display units 132 and 132 'which display minutes of hardness, and the left end 14 and the right end 14 ') Comprises a latitude display unit (141, 141') for displaying the latitude, and a minute display unit (142, 142 ') for displaying the minute. The method of claim 1, wherein each grid section in units of minutes of the grid coordinates is divided into 10 equals, 100 equals, and 1000 equals scales. When dividing by ten, longitude represents the lattice coordinate as a one-digit integer that is a multiple of one tenth of a minute after the X character to represent the lattice coordinates of less than one minute, and latitude corresponds to a multiple of one tenth after the Y character. One-digit integer When dividing by 100, longitude represents the lattice coordinate as a 2-digit integer that is a multiple of 1 / 100th minute after the X character to represent the lattice coordinates of minutes or less, and the latitude corresponds to a multiple of 1 / 100th after the Y character. A two-digit integer that represents the lattice coordinate When divided into 1000, longitude represents the lattice coordinate as a three-digit integer that is a multiple of 1/1000 minutes after the X character to represent the lattice coordinates of minutes or less, and the latitude corresponds to a multiple of 1/1000 minutes after the Y character. A map according to the global common grid coordinate system, characterized in that the lattice coordinates are represented by a three-digit integer. delete delete delete