KR100373738B1 - The method of steam-power generation using 2-phase fluid and its plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermal power plant method and apparatus using a two-phase fluid, in particular to generate a wet steam of the two-phase fluid and to expand it to obtain the axial power of the generator to obtain a relatively large power generation efficiency compared to the size of the power plant It has an effect that can be, and the method and apparatus are described as follows.

An initial start-up step of initially operating the start unit to inject high-pressure compressed air into the combustor, a combustion gas generation step of heating high-pressure compressed air flowing into the combustor to generate high-pressure combustion gas, and heated high-pressure combustion gas Step of generating steam at the same time as it enters the mixer and mixed with water to generate high pressure wet steam, and the operating step of the expander which rotates the expander as part of the wet steam is condensed and expanded through the first line of the wet steam discharged from the mixer. And a first gas-liquid separation step in which the wet steam discharged from the expander and partially converted into a liquid phase is introduced into the first gas-liquid separator, the wet steam is sent to the uncoiled gas compressor, and the liquid is fed back into the mixer through the fourth line. The wet steam separated from the 1 gas separator is introduced into the uncondensed gas compressor through the second line and compressed to atmospheric pressure. Operation of the condensate gas compressor, a second gas-liquid separation step in which the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the uncondensed gas compressor is introduced into the second gas-liquid separator, the gas is discharged to the outside, and the liquid is fed back into the mixer, and then the start part is operated. At the same time, the method of generating the compressed air continuously generates the compressed air in the air compressor mounted on the shaft.

In addition, an air compressor, an expander, and an uncondensed gas compressor are sequentially installed on the shaft of the generator, and an air suction line is formed at the inlet of the air compressor to suck air from the outside, and the outlet of the air compressor. And a first line is installed between the inlet of the expander and the combustor and mixer connected to the fuel tank, and a second line is formed between the outlet of the inflator and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor. A third line is formed at the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor and is connected to a second gas-liquid separator through which exhaust gas and water are separated and discharged. A circulation pump is mounted between the mixer and the liquid outlet of the first and second gas-liquid separators. And a fourth line at the end, equipped with a make-up water valve, for connecting between the outlet of the air compressor and the combustor. The first line is characterized by a thermal power drive using a two-phase fluid is equipped with a start consisting of an air compressor, a pressure tank and a valve.

Description

The method of steam-power generation using 2-phase fluid and its plant}

The present invention relates to a thermal power plant method and apparatus using a two-phase fluid, and in particular, by generating the wet steam of the two-phase fluid and expand it to obtain the shaft power of the generator to obtain a relatively large power generation efficiency compared to the size of the power plant The present invention relates to a thermal power plant method and apparatus using a two-phase fluid.

In general, a two-phase fluid refers to a fluid in a state in which a gas and a liquid are mixed. The two-phase fluid may be composed of a single material or a mixture of different kinds of materials. It is about thermal power generation (including nuclear power generation) using two-phase fluid.

5 is a view illustrating a steam prime mover of a conventional thermal power prime mover. First, its configuration will be described.

A power generation unit 100 including a generator 101, a shaft 102 withdrawn from the generator, and a turbine 103 mounted on the shaft 102;

A piping unit 200 including a supply and discharge line 201 and 202 mounted to the turbine 103 and a circulation line 203 connecting the supply and discharge lines 201 and 202 to each other;

A boiler 300 which is mounted between the supply line 201 and the circulation line 203 to perform combustion;

A condenser 400 mounted between the discharge line 202 and the circulation line 203 and including a coolant line 401 to cool water vapor discharged from the turbine 103;

Characterized in that consisting of a circulation pump 500 mounted in the middle of the circulation line (203).

In particular, the boiler 300 is composed of a fuel tank 301 for supplying fuel, a burner 302 into which combustion air is introduced, and an outlet 303 for discharging exhaust gas.

Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 6, the operation process of the conventional thermal power generator constructed as described above is as follows.

First, the boiler 300 installed in the middle of the supply line 201 and the circulation line 203 is operated to change the liquid flowing through the circulation line 203 into superheated steam, and then the superheated steam is turbine ( By supplying to the 103, the steam supply step 601 for rotating the turbine 103,

The low pressure steam discharge step 602 is discharged to the discharge line 202 after the superheated steam introduced into the turbine 103 drives the turbine as described above,

A condensation step 603 for converting the low pressure steam discharged into the discharge line 202 into the condenser 400 and converting it into a low temperature liquid;

The low temperature liquid circulation step 604 of introducing the low temperature liquid into the circulation line 203 is characterized in that it proceeds continuously.

However, in the conventional steam motive apparatus constructed and operated as described above, by discharging the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the boiler into the atmosphere, power generation efficiency is very low compared to the energy input to the boiler.

In addition, by converting the low-temperature low-pressure gas discharged through the discharge line to the low-temperature liquid through the condenser, energy has been lost through the cooling water, which causes a lot of fuel waste.

In addition, as the temperature of the superheated steam discharged from the boiler is high, there is a problem in that waste of manufacturing costs due to the use of a turbine of a high temperature material.

In addition, the exhaust gas generated from the boiler is directly discharged into the atmosphere, which also has a problem of extremely polluting the atmosphere.

Therefore, the present invention was invented to solve the above problems, and burns fuel with high pressure air to generate high pressure combustion gas, and then mixes the high pressure combustion gas and water to generate wet vapor of two-phase fluid. In addition, the wet steam is introduced into the expander to obtain the axial force, and then into the uncondensed gas compressor to cause a phase change (gas-to-liquid), thereby converting the thermal energy (heat and latent heat) of the wet steam into kinetic energy. It is to have the purpose to maximize the power generation efficiency.

In addition, by circulating the wet steam to the expander and the uncondensed gas compressor, by utilizing the latent heat of the wet steam and direct contact with the exhaust gas and water vapor, there is also an object to minimize the emission of the exhaust gas.

In addition, as the wet steam expands and the temperature drops to a low temperature, the expansion of the expander, the uncondensed gas compressor, and each line with a low temperature material has a purpose to expand the selection of materials.

In addition, as the condensation proceeds as the wet steam passes through the expander and the uncondensed gas compressor, the conventional condenser is not required, thereby reducing the waste of costs associated with the condenser installation and operation.

In addition, since the exhaust gas that is finally discharged is operated after being mixed with water vapor immediately after combustion, various pollutants contained in the exhaust gas are filtered and then discharged to the outside.

In addition, by starting the generator using air that is initially compressed separately, there is also an object to obtain rapid startability.

On the other hand, by directly expanding the cooling water of the reactor to draw power, there is also an object to improve the power generation efficiency in nuclear power generation.

The present invention for achieving the above object, the initial start-up step of operating the start unit at the beginning to inject the high-pressure compressed air into the combustor, and burns the fuel by the high-pressure compressed air flowing into the combustor to produce a high-pressure combustion gas The generated combustion gas generation step, the heated high-pressure combustion gas is introduced into the mixer and mixed with water to produce a high-pressure wet steam, and the wet steam discharged from the mixer is introduced into the expander through the first line As the wet steam expands, the expander is operated and the condenser is partially condensed. The wet steam, which is discharged from the expander and partially converted into liquid phase, is introduced into the first gas-liquid separator, and the gas is sent to the uncompressed gas compressor, and the liquid is transferred to the fourth line. The first gas-liquid separation step, which is re-introduced into the mixer, and the wet steam separated from the first gas-liquid separator through the second line. The operation step of the uncondensed gas compressor which flows into the uncondensed gas compressor and the gas is compressed to atmospheric pressure, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the uncondensed gas compressor is introduced into the second gas-liquid separator to discharge the gas to the outside and return the liquid to the mixer. Thermal power driving method using a two-phase fluid in which the second gas-liquid separation step to be introduced and the compressed air generation step of generating compressed air continuously in the air compressor mounted on the shaft after stopping the start part operation thereafter are continuously performed It is characterized by.

In addition, an air compressor, an expander, and an uncondensed gas compressor are sequentially installed on the shaft of the generator, and an air inlet line is formed at the inlet of the air compressor to suck air from the outside. Between the inlet of the expander is formed a first line is equipped with a combustor and mixer connected to the fuel tank, a second line is formed between the outlet of the expander and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor, At the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor, a third line is connected to the second gas-liquid separator which separates and discharges the exhaust gas and water, and a circulation pump is mounted between the liquid outlet of the mixer and the first and second gas-liquid separators. A fourth line is formed at the end and equipped with a make-up water valve, and connects the outlet of the air compressor with the combustor. The first line is to feature a thermal power motive unit is mounted consisting of a start portion with an air compressor and a valve apgong tank using a two-phase fluid configured.

1 is a block diagram showing a thermal power plant of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a staff diagram showing the thermal power drive method of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a thermal power drive of another embodiment according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a staff diagram showing a thermal power drive method of another embodiment according to the present invention.

5 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional thermal power drive device.

Figure 6 is a staff diagram showing a conventional thermal power drive method.

Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

11: generator

111: shaft, 112: air compressor, 113: expander, 114: uncondensed gas compressor

12: air suction line

13: first line

131: fuel tank, 132: combustor, 133: mixer

14: second line

141: first gas-liquid separator

15: third line

151: second gas-liquid separator

16: fourth line

161: circulation pump, 162: supplemental water valve, 163: first valve, 164: second valve

17: start part

171: air compressor, 172: compression tank, 173: valve

31: generator

311: shaft, 312: starting inflator, 313: main inflator,

314: Uncondensed Gas Compressor

32: air intake line

321: start section, 321a: air compressor, 321b: pressure tank, 321c: valve

33: air discharge line

34: first line

341: reactor

35: second line

351: gas-liquid separator

36: third line

37: fourth line

371: circulation pump

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a thermal power drive using a two-phase fluid according to the present invention, first, the configuration will be described as follows.

An air compressor 112, an expander 113, and an uncondensed gas compressor 114 are sequentially mounted on the shaft 111 mounted on the generator 11.

An air suction line 12 is formed at the inlet of the air compressor 112 to suck air from the outside.

Between the outlet of the air compressor 112 and the inlet of the inflator 113, a first line 13 to which the combustor 132 and the mixer 133 connected to the fuel tank 131 are mounted is formed.

Between the outlet of the expander 113 and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 114 is formed a second line 14 on which the first gas-liquid separator 141 is mounted.

A third line 15 is formed at the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 114 to be connected to a second gas-liquid separator 151 through which exhaust gas and water are separated and discharged.

Between the mixer 133 and the liquid discharge port of the first and second gas liquid separators (141, 151) is characterized in that the fourth line (16) is provided with a circulating pump (161) and a replenishment water valve (162) is mounted at the end. It is to be done.

In particular, the first line 13 connecting the outlet of the air compressor 112 and the combustor 132 is equipped with a start unit 17 consisting of an air compressor 171, a pneumatic tank 172, and a valve 173. Will be.

In addition, a first valve 163 is mounted on the fourth line 16 mounted between the outlets of the first and second gas liquid separators 141 and 151, and is provided between the circulation pump 161 and the mixer 133. Four lines 16 are equipped with a second valve (164).

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a driving method according to the driving device will be described.

First, an initial starting step 21 of operating the start unit 17 to inject high-pressure compressed air into the combustor 132 through the air compressor 171 and the pressure tank 172,

Combustion gas generation step 22 of generating a high-pressure combustion gas by burning fuel by the high-pressure compressed air flowing into the combustor 132,

At the same time as the heated high-pressure combustion gas is introduced into the mixer 133 and mixed with water to generate a high-pressure wet steam, and (23)

The high pressure wet steam in a two-phase fluid state flows into the expander 113 through the first line 13, and the wet steam expands to rotate the expander 113 to rotate the shaft 111 connected to the generator 11, and part of the Condenser operation step 24,

The wet steam discharged from the expander 113 and partially converted into a liquid phase is introduced into the first gas-liquid separator 141, and the gas is sent to the unreacted gas compressor 114, and the liquid is passed through the fourth line 16 to the mixer 133. First gas-liquid separation step 25 to be re-introduced into,

The uncondensed gas compressor operating step 26 in which the gas separated from the first gas-liquid separator 141 flows into the uncondensed gas compressor 114 through the second line 14 and the gas is compressed to atmospheric pressure;

The gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the uncondensed gas compressor 114 and converted into a nearly liquid phase is introduced into the second gas-liquid separator 151 so that the gas is discharged to the outside and the liquid is re-introduced into the mixer 133. Step 26,

After that, the operation of the start unit 17 is stopped and at the same time, the compressed air generating step 28 of continuously generating compressed air in the air compressor 112 mounted on the shaft 111 is characterized in that it proceeds continuously.

In particular, in the operation of the expander 23, the high-temperature wet steam mixed with the hot combustion gas and the water vapor is input, so that the wet steam flows into the inflator 113 and simultaneously expands energy as the shaft 111 rotates. And cause a phase change from gas to liquid. That is, a part of the gaseous wet steam is liquefied, and the thermal energy (latent heat) contained in the wet steam is converted into kinetic energy for rotating the shaft 111.

In addition, in the uncondensed gas compressor 114, gas which is not condensed from the expander 113 is introduced through the first gas-liquid separator 141, and the introduced gas is compressed to atmospheric pressure to cause a phase change. That is, as part of the gaseous wet steam is liquefied, heat energy (sensible and latent heat) contained in the wet steam is converted into kinetic energy for rotating the shaft 111.

Therefore, after the fuel is combusted with high-pressure air in the combustor 132 mounted on the first line 13, the combustion gas generated at this time is introduced into the mixer 133 to convert water into water vapor to produce combustion air and water vapor. By generating the mixed wet steam and converting most of the thermal energy of the wet steam (two-phase fluid) to kinetic energy, it is possible to maximize the generation efficiency for the heat of combustion by minimizing the waste of the heat of combustion.

Meanwhile, in the second gas-liquid separation step 26, the liquid discharged through the uncondensed gas compressor 114 is separated and exhaust gas is discharged. Since the exhaust gas is immediately discharged, it is mixed with the liquid. In addition, air pollution can be minimized as various pollutants contained in the exhaust gas are filtered through the liquid and discharged to the outside.

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the driving apparatus using a two-phase fluid according to the present invention, first, the configuration will be described as follows.

The starter expander 312, the main expander 313, and the uncondensed gas compressor 314 are sequentially mounted on the shaft 311 mounted on the generator 31.

At the inlet of the start-up inflator 312, an air inlet line 32 is provided with a start unit 321 composed of an air compressor 321a, a pressure tank 321b, and a valve 321c, and an air outlet line at the outlet. 33) is formed,

A first line 34 is formed at the inlet of the main expander 313 to be connected to the reactor 341 so that the coolant of the high temperature state supplied from the reactor 341 can be directly introduced thereto.

Between the outlet of the main inflator 312 and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 314 is formed a second line 35 to which the gas-liquid separator 351 is mounted,

A third line 36 is formed between the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 314 and the reactor 341.

Between the liquid discharge port and the reactor of the gas-liquid separator 351 is characterized in that the fourth line 37 is equipped with a circulation pump 371 is formed.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the driving method according to the driving apparatus of another embodiment as described above is as follows.

By operating the start unit 321, the high-pressure compressed air is introduced into the starting inflator 312 through the air compressor 321a and the pressure tank 321b to rotate the shaft 311 of the generator 31 and at the same time An initial startup step 41 of rotating the expander 313 and the uncondensed gas compressor 314,

The hot coolant heated in the reactor 341 directly flows into the main inflator 313 through the first line 34, and the hot coolant expands while rotating the main expander 313 to rotate the shaft 311. A main inflator operation 42 which is then condensed again with cold water,

The main inflator 313 discharges a fluid (two-phase fluid) in a state where gas and liquid are mixed into the gas-liquid separator 351, and sends gas to the unreacted gas compressor 314, and transmits the liquid to the fourth line 37. Gas-liquid separation step 43 of being re-introduced into the reactor 341 through,

The uncondensed gas compressor operating step 44 in which gas separated from the gas-liquid separator 351 is introduced into the uncondensed gas compressor 314 through the second line 35 and compressed;

Cooling water recovery step 45 of re-injecting the cooling water converted into the liquid phase in the uncondensed gas compressor 314 into the reactor 341,

The coolant heating step 46 of supplying heat generated from the reactor 341 to the recovered low temperature coolant and converting the coolant into high temperature coolant is continuously performed.

In particular, in the main inflator operation step 42, the high temperature coolant is introduced, so that the coolant flows into the main inflator 313 and expands and rotates the shaft 311 while causing the two phase changes. do. That is, a part of the liquid high temperature cooling water expands and vaporizes to rotate the shaft 311, and the heat energy (latent heat) contained in the wet steam as the wet steam condenses is also converted into kinetic energy for rotating the shaft 311. Will be.

In the uncondensed gas compressor 314, the uncondensed gas from the main expander 313 passes through the gas-liquid separator 351, and the introduced gas is compressed into a liquid to change phase.

The present invention as described above has the effect of generating a relatively large power generation efficiency compared to the scale of the power plant as the generation of wet steam of the two-phase fluid and then expand it to obtain the shaft power of the generator.

In addition, by fully utilizing the latent heat of the wet steam containing the combustion gas, by minimizing the emission of the exhaust gas, it will also have the effect of preventing environmental pollution.

In addition, it is possible to replace the inflator, the uncondensed gas compressor, and each line with a low-cost low-temperature material, thereby minimizing the production cost of the power generator.

In addition, by eliminating the need for mounting a conventional multiplier, it also has the effect of reducing the waste of costs associated with mounting and operation of the multiplier.

In addition, various pollutants contained in the exhaust gas is filtered through the liquid to be discharged to the outside, thereby preventing the environmental pollution.

In addition, by starting the generator using air that is separately compressed at the beginning, it also has the effect of obtaining quick startability.

On the other hand, by heating the cooling water of the nuclear reactor to generate a high temperature of the cooling water, and by expanding it to draw power, it also has the effect of improving the efficiency in nuclear power generation.

Claims (5)

An initial start-up step 21 of operating the first start unit and introducing high-pressure compressed air into the combustor, Combustion gas generation step 22 of generating a high-pressure combustion gas by burning fuel with high-pressure compressed air flowing into the combustor, Wet steam generation step 23 of the high-pressure combustion gas is introduced into the mixer and mixed with water at the same time to generate high-pressure wet steam, An expander operating step 24 of rotating the expander while the wet steam is discharged from the mixer into the expander through the first line to expand the wet steam; A first gas-liquid separation step 25 in which the wet steam, which is discharged from the expander and partially converted into a liquid phase, is introduced into the first gas-liquid separator, the gas is sent to the uncondensed gas compressor, and the liquid is fed back into the mixer through the fourth line; Operating step (26) of the uncondensed gas compressor in which the wet steam separated from the first gas-liquid separator flows into the uncondensed gas compressor through the second line and the gas is compressed to atmospheric pressure; A second gas-liquid separation step 26 in which a gas-liquid mixed fluid (two-phase fluid) discharged from an uncondensed gas compressor and converted into a nearly liquid phase is introduced into a second gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid is discharged to the outside and the liquid is fed back into the mixer. Wow, And then stopping the start unit and simultaneously generating compressed air continuously in the air compressor mounted on the shaft, wherein the compressed air generating step 28 is continuously performed. An initial starting step 41 of operating the start unit to inject high-pressure compressed air into the starting inflator to rotate the shaft of the generator and simultaneously rotating the main inflator and the uncondensed gas compressor; A main inflator operation step 42 of flowing the hot coolant heated in the reactor directly to the main expander through the first line to rotate the main expander while the hot coolant expands, A gas (separated two-phase fluid) discharged from the main expander (313) is introduced into the gas-liquid separator, and the gas is sent to the uncoiled gas compressor, and the liquid is re-introduced into the reactor through the fourth line. Step 43, An uncondensed gas compressor operating step 44 in which gas separated from the gas-liquid separator is introduced into the uncondensed gas compressor through a second line and compressed; Cooling water recovery step 45 of re-injecting the cooling water is converted to the liquid phase from the uncondensed gas compressor to the reactor, And a cooling water heating step (46) of supplying heat generated from the reactor (341) to the recovered low temperature cooling water and converting the cooling water into high temperature cooling water. The air compressor 112, the expander 113, and the uncondensed gas compressor 114 are sequentially mounted on the shaft 111 mounted on the generator 11. An air suction line 12 is formed at the inlet of the air compressor 112 to suck air from the outside. Between the outlet of the air compressor 112 and the inlet of the inflator 113, a first line 13 to which the combustor 132 and the mixer 133 connected to the fuel tank 131 are mounted is formed. Between the outlet of the expander 113 and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 114 is formed a second line 14 on which the first gas-liquid separator 141 is mounted. A third line 15 is formed at the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 114 to be connected to a second gas-liquid separator 151 through which exhaust gas and water are separated and discharged. Between the mixer 133 and the liquid discharge port of the first and second gas liquid separators (141, 151), a fourth line (16) having a circulating pump (161) and a supplemental water valve (162) at the end is formed, The first line 13 connecting the outlet of the air compressor 112 and the combustor 132 is equipped with a start unit 17 consisting of an air compressor 171, a pneumatic tank 172, and a valve 173. Thermal prime mover using two-phase fluid 4. The first valve 163 is mounted on the fourth line 16 mounted between the outlets of the first and second gas liquid separators 141 and 151, and the circulation pump 161 and the mixer 133. Thermal power drive using a two-phase fluid, characterized in that the second valve 164 is mounted to the fourth line 16 installed between the The starter expander 312, the main expander 313, and the uncondensed gas compressor 314 are sequentially mounted on the shaft 311 mounted on the generator 31. At the inlet of the start-up inflator 312, an air inlet line 32 is provided with a start unit 321 composed of an air compressor 321a, a pressure tank 321b, and a valve 321c, and an air outlet line at the outlet. 33) is formed, A first line 34 is formed at the inlet of the main expander 313 to be connected to the reactor 341 so that the high temperature cooling water supplied from the reactor 341 can be directly introduced thereto. Between the outlet of the main inflator 312 and the inlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 314 is formed a second line 35 to which the gas-liquid separator 351 is mounted, A third line 36 is formed between the outlet of the uncondensed gas compressor 314 and the reactor 341. Thermal power plant using a two-phase fluid, characterized in that the fourth line (37) equipped with a circulation pump (371) is formed between the liquid discharge port and the reactor of the gas-liquid separator (351).