KR100358546B1 - Soundproofing device, particularly for roadsides and tunnels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to soundproofing devices, in particular roadside and tunnel soundproofing devices, having a plurality of resonators 10 and formed of planar components 1 which can be coupled to each other to provide a sound damping system. It has a resonator 10, which responds to various frequency ranges. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the bandwidth of the frequency range by forming a soundproof device in the noise source.

Description

Soundproofing, especially for roadsides and tunnels {SOUNDPROOFING DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR ROADSIDES AND TUNNELS}

The present invention relates to soundproofing devices, in particular roadside and tunnel soundproofing devices, having a plurality of resonators and comprising planar components that can be combined to provide a sound absorption system.

There is a soundproofing device, in particular a noise barrier, which at least partially absorbs the impact sound and partially reflects the impact sound in a divergent manner. Such noise barriers can have structures made of concrete, wood or metal and can be planted with vegetation. In addition, as the mineral wool is known, the sound absorbing charge is made of fibrous material. Noise barriers, including resonators and acting as cavity resonators, are very effective at damping. Such noise barriers are known, for example, from JP 2 314 396 and JP 578 657. The soundproofing device operating on the basis of the resonator described in the above two documents has good sound absorption characteristics. However, conventional sound insulation for absorbing sound over sufficiently wide frequencies is too complicated and expensive or unsatisfactory.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a soundproofing device that can properly respond to a loud noise source with minimal effort and cost, and to improve the conventional soundproofing device.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a soundproofing device according to the present invention.

2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the components of another embodiment.

※ Explanation of code about main part of drawing ※

1: Component 2: Casing

3: front wall 4: hole

5 side wall 6 casing rear wall

7: exit opening 8: bottom

9: resonator unit 10: resonator

11: resonator body 12, 12 ': front wall

13 bulkhead 13 'compartment

14, 15, 15 ': natural fiber mat 16, 16': hole

17: rear wall, compensation member 18: natural fiber mat fragment

19: absorption layer

The present invention is characterized in that the soundproof device has mutually diverse resonators responding to various frequency ranges. In the present invention, the individual resonators are acoustically separated from each other so that no two or more resonators are coupled to each other. Instead, individual resonators are individually different for their spatial structure. In particular, the depth of the resonator chamber and the design of the resonator apertures are produced in various ways depending on the desired various resonances. Therefore, in the case of a simple noise barrier structure, it can be adapted to the frequency band width of the noise source. This possibility applies to vehicles on the road, where there are vehicles with various engines, engine speeds and speeds, so that engine and tire noises operate in a relatively wide frequency range, but are always absorbed effectively, for example, to protect the surrounding residence in an effective manner. This is especially important for noise barriers. The soundproofing device according to the invention is suitable not only on the road but also for reducing the sound in other noise generating areas such as airplanes, firing ranges and the like. Conventional cavity resonators have a relatively narrow absorption range for the same structure. Thus, a resonator with an absorption maximum of 800 Hz can still absorb frequencies in the range of 700 to 900 Hz. Various resonators are provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the absorption maximum of which varies by about 100 to 200 Hz, and the difference is preferably small at low frequencies. By means of the appropriate combination of the various resonators and the corresponding quantitative distribution of the resonators, the absorption function of the soundproofing device can be particularly adapted to the loud noise source for the frequency bandwidth and the intensity of any frequency. Therefore, the sound insulation device according to the present invention can effectively reduce the sound over a wide range of about 200 to 3000 Hz. It is also possible to fit the resonator in such a way that a narrow range within such a wide range, for example 200-600 or 400-1000, 1000-2000 and 1000-3000 Hz, can be covered.

There are various possibilities for improving the various resonators in the soundproofing apparatus according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the resonator is the same structure within a component having several resonators, and the soundproofing apparatus has components that are different from each other and respond to various frequencies. Through suitable combinations of these various components, for example to form a noise barrier, the desired frequency range for absorption can be obtained. However, it is also possible for at least the individual components to have various resonators responsive to various frequencies. Various resonators can preferably be matched in such a way that they respond to an ambient frequency range. Such components with various resonators may be combined with each other or with components comprising only the same resonator. Independently of the various properties of the resonators, the components are particularly preferably of identical construction, with respect to their external size and appearance. Thus the components can be arbitrarily combined without causing any problems.

In an embodiment of the invention, the individual components comprise at least two resonator units, in each case having a plurality of resonators and preferably embedded in the casing. The casing is preferably made of metal, such as powdered coated aluminum, wood, or nonmetallic materials, and absorbs mechanical forces acting on the component. The casing front wall provided on the acoustically acting side of the resonator is perforated in a conventional manner. The ratio of pores is preferably greater than 50%, in particular between 60 and 90% of the front wall surface. The air resistance of the perforated front wall should be as low as possible. This possibility can be achieved in that the pore diameter at the front wall is as large as possible, preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 12 mm. However, the holes may also have a non-circular shape. Thus, the front wall can also be made of expandable metal having slotted or diamond shaped holes and high proportion of holes. Self-induced vibrations of the front wall should be avoided, which can be prevented by corresponding profiling or rib formation.

Resonator units, which may have about 20 for more than 100 resonators, can be foamed in conventional manner into sealed lattice plastics, in particular polystyrene, resulting in a light but moderately rigid body. The resonator cavities of the individual resonators may be formed by the web-shaped bulkhead and the side walls surrounding the resonator cavities laterally as well as the perforated front walls of the resonator unit. The inner wall of the resonator cavity is preferably smooth and flat. The rear wall of the resonator body may be opened in a conventional manner and the rear wall of the resonator may be formed by the rear wall of the casing. As is known in the art, a fiber mat can be inserted between the casing rear wall and the resonator body. The fiber mat is supported in a sealed manner on the septum or web of the resonator body so that the individual resonators are acoustically separated from each other.

In an embodiment of the present invention, resonator units having different resonators responsive to at least various frequencies within individual components are installed in parallel. The resonators of one resonator unit may be the same in each case, and mutually different resonator units responsive to various frequencies are arranged in the component. However, the resonators of the resonator unit may be different from each other. The components may comprise the same or different types of resonator units. The resonator component may have a resonator having various depths or horizontal lengths in space. This means that a resonator unit is provided such that the resonator of the resonator unit has the same depth in space, but from the resonator of the resonator unit can have various depths in space. It is also possible to have several resonators in one resonator unit with varying depths in space. Various depths in the space of the resonator can be provided on the front wall of the resonator unit, in particular the foamed resonator body, for example in that the front wall is set at the rear of the point of the resonator with a small depth in the space. However, it is also possible and possible to have various depths in the space of the resonator behind, so that the various gaps between the resonator body and the casing rear wall are compensated by one or more corresponding, compensating pieces forming the rear wall of the resonator. desirable.

In the case of one component between the perforated front wall of the casing and the perforated front wall of the resonator unit a fiber mat or fiber plate is preferably located. It has been found that the flow resistance of the fiber mat with respect to air is important for the sound absorption properties of the soundproofing device according to the present invention. Particularly suitable are flow resistances (measured by the Federal Republic of Germany Industrial Standard 52213) in the range from 40 to 80, in particular from 50 to 70 K Pas / m 2.

The casing of the component spaced apart from the air invasive front wall is preferably substantially sealed, but preferably has a small outlet opening for infiltration water, condensate or infiltration and condensate. This outlet opening is preferably pneumatically sealed against the orifice front wall, but is preferably located at a point that still allows the outflow of water. It may also be advantageous to provide a heat and moisture barrier layer near the casing rear wall, especially when the rear wall is made of metal. The layer prevents condensate formation inside the casing rear wall and prevents corrosion. If the resonator chamber is not separated from the outside by a barrier layer, such as a film or foil, the prevention is particularly advantageous, allowing free air access from outside to the resonator chamber. Do it.

Further features of the present invention may be derived from the following detailed description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings and claims below. Individual features may be one or a combination of improvements in the embodiments.

In the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, sound insulation is provided, for example formed from at least a plurality of flat planar hexahedral components 1, generally flat, for example to form walls, or in a lattice manner. In other words, a parallel and cross-arrayed sound insulation is provided. Another arrangement is possible. Component 1 has a casing 2 made of powdered coated sheet aluminum, for example. On the acoustically active front wall 3, the casing 2 has a hole 4, the proportion having a hole of about 50% or more and preferably 70 to 80%. The casing 2 is covered on the thin side wall 5 and the rear wall 6, spaced apart from the small outlet 7 for condensate at the bottom 8 near the rear wall 6.

In the case of a cross-arranged, lattice arrangement of components, the two components can be joined in series to form a joining of the components, and instead of the rear wall, the casing can be partitioned or intermediate wall for acoustic separation of the resonator. There may be a case.

In the described embodiment each component 1 is 50 cm in height, 4 m in length and about 13 cm in width. Each component has four resonator units of approximately 48 cm in height, about 98 cm in length and 9 cm in width, which are installed longitudinally coincident with component (1). The resonator unit 9 has, for example, 50 plural cavity resonators 10 and determines the frequency range in which it is absorbed. A resonator body 11 is provided to form a cavity resonator, which body couples the resonator 10 substantially integrally. The resonator body has a cavity front wall 12, from which a partition 13 is formed, which defines an individual resonator. The partition 13 can extend crosswise with the formation of the resonator 10 having a square or square plan view. The resonator may also have a diamond shaped or honeycomb shaped plane. For example, a resonator with a range of 800 ± 100 Hz may have an area of 8.5 cm × 8.5 cm and have 81 (9 × 9) holes. The diameter of the hole is about 4 mm and the width of this hole in the front wall 12 is about 17 mm. The proportion of holes in the front wall is about 17% and the resonator width is about 8 cm. The magnitudes for the different frequency ranges can be determined by the Helmholtz Equation.

In the described embodiment the resonator body 11 is opened from behind, and as described below, the sound of the resonator can be configured in various ways.

Natural fiber mats 14, 15, 15 'are provided for additional acoustic attenuation between the casing front wall 3 and the resonator body 11, as well as between the casing rear wall 6 and the resonator body 11, In between, the resonator body 11 is fixed. The natural fiber mat 14 on the perforated front side has a thickness of about 20 mm and a flow range of 50 to 70 Rayl (50 to 70 KNS / m2 or 50 to 70 K Pas / as measured according to the German Industrial Standard 52213). Equivalent to m 2). This flow resistance proves particularly preferable for the sound absorption characteristics of the soundproofing apparatus according to the present invention. The specific gravity is about 180 kg / m 3. The rear natural fiber mats 15 and 15 'are somewhat softer and looser than the front natural fiber mat 14. This contributes to absorbing sound near the rear wall of the resonator unit and conveying the diffusion to the reflector. The specific gravity of the rear natural fiber mat is usually about 60 kg / m 3 and the material thickness is more than 10 mm. Pressing occurs in the case of larger thicknesses of material.

The sound insulation device according to the present invention has various types of cavity resonators and operates in various frequency ranges. The components of the soundproofing device may have the same resonator in the components, different for each component, ie there may be at least two, preferably four or more different types of components. It is also desirable for each of the components to have a variety of resonators, for which the component comprises several resonator units, which are different for each resonator unit and have the same resonator in the resonator unit. can do. In addition, a combination of the above structures is also possible.

Each resonator may have various structures within the resonator unit. Therefore, the resonator units having various resonators may be coupled to each other, or may be coupled to the above-described components or resonator units, or may be coupled to each other and to the above-described components or resonator units. Therefore, it is possible to adapt the sound insulation device according to special requirements in a simple way. Regardless of whether the resonator units or resonators included in the components are different or the same, the components are preferably identical in appearance, making it possible to form an integral soundproof device with components operating in various frequency ranges.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 belongs to a configuration in which in each case the resonator unit has a resonator that absorbs in various configurations, i. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the resonator body partition 13 is formed at various depths as a function of forming a depth in the resonator space. According to the conditions of the Helmortz equation, the diameter of the hole 16 and the depth of the hole, that is, the wall thickness of the front wall 12, can be changed in order to conform to a predetermined frequency range. . To compensate the resonator cavities of varying depths, the resonator unit 9 has a rear wall 17, which is provided on the open side of the resonator body 11, and at a point where the partition wall 13 shortens. At the point where the bulkhead is long, it has a corresponding recess. In this embodiment, the natural fiber mat 15 is located between the compensating rear wall 17 and the resonator body 11. If necessary, the natural fiber mat 15 can be subdivided into several parts.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the rear end of the resonator is formed by the rear wall 6 of the casing 2. Compartment 13 'of resonator body 11 ends in one plane. The natural fiber mat 15 'is also consistently flat. In order to form resonators of varying depths, the perforated front wall 12 'has a staircase structure so that mutually biased front wall portions are provided. In order to obtain a predetermined resonance condition, the depth and diameter of the hole 16 'may be appropriately changed here. Regardless of the shape of hardening the front wall, since the front wall 3 of the casing 2 is substantially planar, the cavity formed by the staircase structure of the front wall 12 'of the resonator body 11 is made of natural fiber. In addition to the mat fragments 18, they are appropriately filled, allowing them to attenuate sound more. On the inside of the casing rear wall 6 an insulation layer 9, for example tarred board or closed-cell foam, is preferably located, which insulates the resonator cavity. The rear wall 6 is separated by thermal insulation and moisture insulation, which prevents the formation of condensate on the rear wall of the casing. As a function of the climate, through the free air approach, after the moisture enters the resonator, the rear wall can be deposited on the rear wall upon cooling, so as with the advantage of the present invention, the casing front wall 3, natural fiber mat 14 This protection is particularly advantageous if free air access to the cavity of the resonator 10 through the holes and holes 16, 16 'is possible.

The present invention is characterized in that the soundproof device has mutually diverse resonators responding to various frequency ranges. In particular, the depth of the resonator chamber and the design of the resonator aperture can be applied to the frequency band width of the noise source in the case of any of various noise barrier structures. The soundproofing device according to the invention is not only suitable on the road, but also for sound attenuation in other noise generating areas such as airplanes and shooting areas.

The absorption maximum of the resonator of the present invention is about 100 to 200 Hz, and the difference is preferably small at low frequencies. Therefore, the sound insulation device according to the present invention can effectively reduce the sound over a wide range of about 200 to 3000 Hz. It is also possible to fit the resonator in such a way that a narrow range within such a wide range, for example 200 to 600 or 400 to 1000, 1000 to 2000 and 1000 to 3000 Hz, can be covered.

Claims (12)

In sound insulation, in particular for roadsides and tunnels, which are formed of flat components (1) which can be joined together to provide a damping arrangement, Each of the components 1 comprises at least two resonator units 9, the resonator units 9 having a plurality of resonators 10 made of a closed plastic room and having various depths within the space; , Is also built into the casing 2, The resonator 10 has various sizes and shapes in response to various frequency ranges, The rear of the resonator unit 9 is opened, the rear wall of the resonator 10 is formed by the casing rear wall 6, and the fiber mat 15 is located between the casing rear wall 6 and the resonator unit 9 Sound insulation, characterized by providing acoustic separation of the individual resonators (10). The soundproofing device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator (10) is set in a frequency range of 200 to 3000 Hz or a part of the frequency range. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator 10 in the component 1 is the same in each case and the sound insulation is provided with various components 1 which respond to various frequencies. 4. Soundproofing. The soundproofing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the components (1) have the same appearance and the same appearance, respectively, independently of the change in their properties. Soundproofing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a resonator unit (9) is provided in at least individual components, which in turn have different resonators (10) responsive to various frequencies. The soundproofing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resonator of the resonator unit is the same in each case, and various resonator units responsive to various frequencies are installed in the component. The resonator 10 of claim 1 or 2, wherein the resonator 10 of the resonator unit 9 is different from each other, and the same type of resonator unit 9, another type of resonator unit 9, in the component 1, or A soundproofing device comprising a resonator unit (9) of the same type and a resonator unit (9) of another type. 3. The resonator unit (9) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resonator unit (9) has a unitary body (11), in which a common perforated front wall (12) of the resonator (10) is located in one plane, said unitary body Soundproofing device, characterized in that there is a compensation portion for the various resonator depth in the open rear of (11). 10. The soundproofing device according to claim 8, wherein at least one compensating member (17) is formed between the unitary body (11) and the casing rear wall (6), which forms a rear wall of the resonator and has a different thickness depending on the resonator depth. 3. The fiber mat 14 according to claim 1, wherein the fiber mat 14 located between the resonator unit 9 and the air permeable front wall 3 has a flow resistance of 40 to 80, in particular 50 to 70 mPas / m 2. Soundproofing. The casing (2) spaced apart from the air permeable front wall (3) is substantially sealed and has a permeate, condensate or infiltration water and an outlet opening (7) for condensate on its underside (8). Soundproof device characterized by. Soundproof device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a heat and moisture absorbing layer (19) is provided near the inside of the casing rear wall, especially in the case of metal casings.