KR100312408B1 - Waveguide circulator - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Waveguide Circulator.

2. The technical gist of the invention

The present invention extends the operating frequency band, increases the isolation between each port, as well as guarantees the signal circulation of the open-ended circuit, thereby providing a waveguide circuit that can provide an optimal communication state The purpose is to provide a radar.

3. Summary of Solution to Invention

The present invention is the intersection of the plurality of waveguides cross; A magnetic body mounted to have the same central axis as the crossing portion and having an opening having a predetermined size in a central portion thereof; First magnetization means inserted into the magnetic body opening to have the same central axis to form a magnetic field in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic body; And a waveform converting means positioned to be upright on the longitudinal axis of the wave guide and mounted to penetrate one wall of the wave guide to be used for tuning.

4. Important uses of the invention

The present invention can be used as an isolator in microwaves.

Description

Waveguide Circulators {Waveguide circulator}

The present invention relates to a waveguide circulator having n ports consisting of known hybrid intergrate technology and waveguide transition lines, in particular active multistage. A waveguide circulator that can be used as an isolator in a transmit / receive microwave device.

In general, in the microwave technology, when an input from one terminal pair is output to at least two other terminal pairs, it is required to be sequentially output. Accordingly, conventionally, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a double Y-shaped cross section 1 connected in series with a waveguide, and two cross-mounted portions 1 and a ferrite material are mounted on the cross section 1. Four disks (2) and magnets (3) located on the outside of the intersection (1) and close to the upper and lower surfaces of the disk (2) to magnetize the disk (2). Waveguide circulators have been employed.

However, in the conventional waveguide circulator as described above, since the Y-shaped cross sections are connected in series and the magnets are located outside the cross sections, the size of the device is not only large, but also a large wave guide-microstrip. There is a problem that cannot be used in integrated microwave circuits without a waveguide-microstrip adapter.

Accordingly, in the related art, a waveguide circulator as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has been developed.

The waveguide circulator according to the related art will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 as follows.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the waveguide circulator having four ports is provided at an intersection portion 4 of which the waveguides are orthogonal to form an X shape, and at the center portion of the intersection portion 4, And a disk 5 made of a cylindrical ferrite material cross magnetized, and a disk-shaped magnet mounted on an outer side of the cross section 4 and close to the upper and lower surfaces of the disk 5 to magnetize the disk 5. It includes (6). Here, in the center of the disk 5, a hole-shaped aperture 7 running along its longitudinal axis is formed. At this time, the tuning element is made of a thin metal member 8 which is mounted in the opening 7 and is movable along its longitudinal axis.

However, in the waveguide circulator according to the prior art as described above, since the metal probe for tuning is mounted in the opening of the disk, tuning is difficult, which results in low insulation between adjacent circulator ports and operating frequency. There was a problem of narrowing the band.

In addition, the conventional device, since the magnet is mounted on the outside of the intersection, not only increases the size of the device as a whole, but also a hybrid integrated circuit, a microstrip transmission line, a microwave circuit without a relatively large waveguide-microstrip microwave adapter. There is another problem that it is difficult to apply to the present invention because there is a limitation in operation.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and extends the operating frequency band, increases the insulation between the respective ports, as well as improves the signal circulation of the open-ended circuits. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waveguide circulator capable of providing an optimal communication state.

In addition, the present invention provides a waveguide circulator that can be used in the waveguide and waveguide-microstrip circuits without the need for a relatively large waveguide-microstrip adapter while having a small overall size by mounting a magnet inside the intersection. There is another purpose.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a wave guide circulator according to the prior art.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the waveguide circulator of FIG. 1; FIG.

Figure 3 is a plan sectional view showing a wave guide circulator according to the prior art.

4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the waveguide circulator of FIG.

Fig. 5 is a plan sectional view showing a first embodiment of a waveguide circulator according to the present invention.

6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the waveguide circulator of FIG.

7 is a modified example of the original plate of the present invention corresponding to FIG.

8 is a plan sectional view showing a second embodiment of a waveguide circulator according to the present invention;

Figure 9 is a plan sectional view of the blocking member mounted on the cutout of Figure 8.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the waveguide circulator taken along the line A-A of FIG.

Fig. 11 is a plan sectional view showing a third embodiment of a waveguide circulator according to the present invention;

12 is a plan view showing a portion of the waveguide circulator according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 12; FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

10: intersection 20, 20a, 20b: magnetic material

21: incision 22: corner

30: magnet 40: disc

50: waveform conversion means 60: blocking member

The present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a plurality of cross-section crossing the wave guide; A magnetic body mounted to have the same central axis as the crossing portion and having an opening having a predetermined size in a central portion thereof; First magnetization means inserted into the magnetic body opening to have the same central axis to form a magnetic field in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic body; And a waveform converting means positioned to be upright on the longitudinal axis of the wave guide and mounted to penetrate one wall of the wave guide to be used for tuning.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the waveguide circulator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 13.

5 and 6, the waveguide circulator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, is formed in the center of the waveguide intersecting each other, a plurality of waveguide ports (four in the illustrated example) (I As a first magnetizing means composed of an intersecting portion 10 intersecting the centerlines of the second, second, third, and fourth segments, and a ring-shaped ferrite having a cylindrical opening formed at the center thereof. Magnetic body 20 is included. At this time, the intersection portion 10 and the magnetic body 20 have the same central axis (00 ").

Here, when the magnetic body 20 is a ring whose width W is smaller than 0.2 lambda ₀ , it provides a single operation mode of the circulator in which the insulation between the ports is increased and the insertion loss is reduced. Λ ₀ is an average wavelength of a frequency range which is operated in free space air. In other words, λ ₀ refers to the wavelength (distance between two neighboring points having the same phase in the wave) when the radio wave passes through free space (in air). Here, the frequency is based on the average frequency of the operating frequency range, not a single frequency. This is expressed as a formula, λ ₀ = C / fa. λ ₀ is the average frequency wavelength of the operating frequency range in free space, C is the speed of light (3 × 10 ⁸ m / s), fa is the average frequency of the operating frequency range.

In addition, in the case where the width W of the magnetic body 20 is a ring larger than 0.1λ ₀ , the microwave field at the cross section 10 is increased by increasing the linear transmission factor of the surface wave appearing in the magnetic body 20. Let the displacement of be greater than 20 dB. However, in the case of a ring in which the width W of the magnetic body 20 is smaller than 0.1 lambda ₀ , since a microwave field appears on the inner wall surface of the magnetic body 20, the energy of the microwave propagates in an undesirable direction. This results in low insulation and large insertion loss. Therefore, the width W of the magnetic body 20 having a ring shape in this embodiment is formed in the range of 0.1λ ₀ to 0.2λ ₀ .

On the other hand, when the opening diameter (d) of the magnetic body 20 is larger than the width (W) of the magnetic body 20, the distance between the ports (I, II, III, IV) is increased to increase the insertion loss And the size of the device as a whole becomes large. In addition, when the diameter (d) of the opening is smaller than the width (W) of the magnetic body 20, the microwave signal penetrates in the opposite direction to each other, the insulation between the ports (I, II, III, IV) Lowers. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the diameter d of the opening coincides with the width W of the magnetic body 20.

In addition, in this embodiment, in order to magnetize the magnetic body 20, the cylindrical magnet 30 mounted to have the same longitudinal axis (00 ") inside the opening of the magnetic body 20, and the magnet ( And positioned to have the same axis (00 ") as the longitudinal axis of 30, and mounted on a wide wall that forms the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide on which the intersection portion 10 is formed, thereby generating a magnetic field formed by the magnet 30. And a pair of disc members 40 as second magnetization means made of a magnetic material to guide the magnetic body 20. Here, the magnet 30, the diameter (d _m ) is not larger than the diameter (d) of the opening, the height is formed larger than the length of the magnetic body 20, the magnetic field parallel to the central axis (00 ") The magnetic body 20 is magnetized to be formed in the magnetic body 20. At this time, if the diameters of the openings of the magnetic body 20 and the magnets 30 are the same, the surface waves of the magnetic body 20 propagate in opposite directions. Prevent it.

In addition, the thickness of the disc 40 is smaller than the thickness of the cross section 10. On the other hand, when the diameters of the two disks 40 are made smaller than the outer diameter of the magnetic body 20, the magnetic body 20 is not only incompletely magnetized but also the device itself is incapacitated, so that the diameters of the two disks 40 are magnetic. It is larger than the diameter of (20).

Here, the two disks, as shown in Figure 7, it is possible that the upper disk 41 and the lower disk 42 have a different diameter, in this case, the diameter of the upper disk 41 ring shape It is made smaller than the outer diameter of the magnetic body 20, the diameter of the lower disc 42 is formed to be greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the magnetic body (20). As such, making any one of the two discs 41 and 42 smaller than the diameter of the magnetic body 20 causes non-uniform cross magnetization of the magnetic body 20 to occur in the radial direction of the magnetic body 20.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as the waveform converting means 50, the longitudinal axis thereof is mounted so as to stand upright with respect to the intersection portion 10, and a plurality (four in the illustrated example) mounted on the longitudinal axis of the waveguide. Metal probes are used. Here, the waveform converting means 50 can move freely along its longitudinal axis. At this time, when aligning the waveform converting means (50) at a position apart more than 0.1λ ₀ from the outer wall surface of the magnetic body 20, to reduce the TM ₁₀ wave factor to transform (Transverse Magnetic wave) of magnetic material to the surface wave, the operating frequency Since the band is reduced and the insertion loss is increased, the waveform converting means 50 causes its side to be positioned at a distance within 0.1λ ₀ from the outer surface of the magnetic body 20.

The second embodiment of the present invention having the same cross section 10 and the magnet 30 as the first embodiment described above has the same shape as the magnetic body 20 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. It is made of a ferrite material, it is provided with a magnetic body (20a) formed on the one side is cut to have a predetermined width in the radial direction 21 is formed. Here, the cutout 21 provides an open-ended circuit of the circulating signal, so that the device of the present invention can simultaneously function as an isolator as well as a circulator.

9 and 10, the cutout 21 is provided with a blocking member 60 made of a conductive material therein, and the blocking member 60 has an intersection where the blocking member contacts. The incisions 21 of the microwave are connected by connecting the upper and lower wide wall surfaces of the cross section 10 to each other by the first plating portion 11 plated with metal on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces of the 10. Increase the insulation between the entry and withdrawal ports through.

In the present embodiment, it is possible to include the two discs of the first embodiment to be located on the same central axis as the central axis of the magnet 30 on the upper and lower wide wall surfaces of the cross section 10.

And in the third embodiment of the present invention having the same cross section 10 and magnet 30 as in the first and second embodiments described above, as shown in Fig. 11, the wave of the cross section 10 is shown. The magnetic body 20b which has a rectangular cross section so that it may have the edge part 22 of the same number as the guide port I, II, III, IV is provided. Here, a cylindrical opening in which the magnet 30 can be mounted is formed at the center of the magnetic body 20b, and the diameter of the opening is equal to the distance from the outer circumferential surface of the opening to the edge portion 22 of the magnetic body. Matches. In addition, each end of the four corners 22 is located on the longitudinal axes ("LL" and "MM") of the waveguide. At this time, the TM ₁₀ wave is smoothly converted into the surface wave of the additive magnetic body 20b at the outer boundary surface of the magnetic body 20b.

On the other hand, the length of any one of the waveguide ports (I, II, III, IV), as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, on one side edge of the magnetic body (20, 20a, 20b) of the various embodiments described above A metal part 70 coated with metal so as to be symmetrically positioned with respect to the direction axis (NN " axis in the illustrated example), which is closest to the waveguide by the second plating part 80; Connected to a wide wall 90 positioned to provide an asymmetric microwave transmission line, wherein the upper wide wall 90 of the waveguide has several intersections along its longitudinal axis NN ". The lower wide wall 91 facing the upper wall 90 is the blocking surface of the track. Here, the upper wall surface 90 has several intersecting portions along its longitudinal axis NN ″, and a substrate 100 filled with a dielectric is located between the two opposing upper and lower wall surfaces 90 and 91. .

Next, the operation of the waveguide circulator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

That is, as shown in Fig. 5, when the waveguide port I is excited, the TM ₁₀ waveform is converted into the surface wave of the magnetic body 20 by the waveform converting means 50, so that the outer wall surface of the magnetic body 20 Sent over the air. At this time, the microwaves are circulated in the direction I → II → III → IV or IV → III → II → I by the direction of the outer magnetic field generated by the magnet 30. Here, the continuous circulation of the microwaves (for example, I → II → III → IV) is made by the magnetic body 20 formed in a ring shape.

In addition, since the waveform converting means 50 is an electrical circuit connected in series, a high transformation factor of the H ₁₀ waveform is shown in the ferrite surface wave.

Here, the waveform converting means 50 is the inductance of the circuit, and the air-gap between the surface of the waveform converting means 50 and the wide wall surface of the waveguide located close thereto is the capacitance ( capacitance). The resonance in the air layer efficiently excites the ring-shaped magnetic body 20 in which the microwave field is concentrated to form the surface wave of the magnetic body 20.

As such, the surface wave mode of the magnetic material makes it possible to produce a waveguide circulator having three or more waveguide ports. At this time, the insulation between adjacent ports is increased by increasing the number of ports. As described above, in the circulator operating in the mode and the surface of the magnetic body 20, the insulation between adjacent ports is greatly dependent on the number of coupled ports, and the insulation is 35dB for the circulator having four ports. Greater than

In addition, aligning the cylindrical magnet 30 in the opening of the magnetic body 20 provides the following.

a) Reflective return loss is reduced as compared with the conventional one by allowing the conductive wall surface to interfere with the microwave signal propagating in opposite directions to the inner wall surface of the magnetic body 20.

b) the degree of change in the magnetization of the magnetic layer located on the edge of the inner surface of the magnetic body 20 is large, thereby effectively and quickly transforming the surface waves of the large wall surfaces opposed to each other into lean spin waves, In comparison, the insulation between the ports is further increased.

Furthermore, while the number of conventional tuning parameters increases with the increased number of ports, the present invention can have any number of ports with only two tuning parameters (i.e., the width of the magnetic material and the external magnetic field). .

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be apparent to those who have

In the present invention as described above, since the magnet forming the magnetic field at the cross section is located inside the wave guide, and the disc made of the magnetic material is mounted on the wide wall of the cross section, the overall size of the apparatus is small and a relatively large wave guide. It can be used in waveguides and waveguide-microstrip circuits without the need for a microstrip adapter.

In addition, the present invention has a large insulation (over 30 dB) between adjacent ports and a high conversion ratio for converting a TM ₁₀ waveform into a surface wave of a magnetic material, thereby increasing operating frequency band, lowering insertion loss, and being open-ended. Another effect is that the circuit can be guaranteed and provided with optimal communication.

Claims (18)

Intersection where multiple waveguides intersect: A magnetic body mounted to have the same central axis as the crossing portion and having an opening having a predetermined size in a central portion thereof; First magnetization means inserted into the magnetic body opening to have the same central axis to form a magnetic field in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic body; And Waveform converting means which is positioned so as to be upright on the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, mounted to penetrate one side wall of the waveguide used for tuning Wave guide circulator including a. The method of claim 1, The cross section is a wave guide circulator connected to three or more wave guide ports. The method of claim 1, And a wave guide circulator in which the magnetic material has a ring shape. The method according to claim 1 or 3, And a width (W) of the magnetic material set in a range of 0.1 to 0.2 times the average wavelength (λ ₀ ) of the operating frequency range. Where λ ₀ = C / fa (λ ₀ : average frequency wavelength of the operating frequency range in free space, C: speed of light (3 × 10 ⁸ m / s), fa: average frequency of the operating frequency range) ) The method according to claim 1 or 3, The inner diameter of the magnetic material is a waveguide circulator equal to the width (W) of the magnetic material. The method of claim 1, And a wave guide circulator including a cylindrical permanent magnet having a height greater than the length of the magnetic material. The method of claim 1, A waveguide circulated further comprising a disk-shaped second magnetizing means each made of a magnetic material mounted on opposite wall surfaces of the waveguide on which the intersections are formed, to guide the magnetic field formed by the first magnetizing means to the magnetic material; Raider. The method of claim 7, wherein And a thickness of the second magnetizing means is thinner than a thickness of the wall of the intersection portion. The method according to claim 7 or 8, And the second magnetizing means has a diameter larger than an outer diameter of the magnetic body. The method of claim 1, The wave conversion means is a wave guide circulator moving in the longitudinal direction. The method according to claim 1 or 10, And a side surface of the waveform converting means is located at a distance less than 0.1 times the average wavelength (λ ₀ ) of the operating frequency range from the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic material. Where λ ₀ = C / fa (λ ₀ : average frequency wavelength of the operating frequency range in free space, C: speed of light (3 × 10 ⁸ m / s), fa: average frequency of the operating frequency range) ) The method of claim 1, One side of the magnetic body has a wave guide circulator having a cut portion of a predetermined size formed in the radial direction. The method of claim 12, A waveguide circulator mounted on the cutout and having a blocking member made of a conductive material connected to an opposite wall surface of the intersection by plating. The method according to claim 7 or 8, The diameter of any one of the second magnetizing means is equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the magnetic body, the other diameter of the wave guide circulator having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the magnetic body. The method of claim 1, And a wave guide circulator having a polygonal shape in which the magnetic material has a number of corner portions corresponding to the number of wave guide ports. The method of claim 15, And an end portion of the edge portion is located on the longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The method of claim 1, A waveguide circulator having a metal part provided on a periphery of the magnetic body and symmetrically positioned on a longitudinal axis of any one of the waveguides, and providing an asymmetric transmission line of microwaves on one side wall of the intersection part; . The method of claim 1, A wave guide circulator comprising a substrate made of a dielectric material between the wave guide one side wall and the other side wall surface.