KR100281063B1 - Organic EL device - Google Patents

Organic EL device Download PDF

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KR100281063B1
KR100281063B1 KR1019980033367A KR19980033367A KR100281063B1 KR 100281063 B1 KR100281063 B1 KR 100281063B1 KR 1019980033367 A KR1019980033367 A KR 1019980033367A KR 19980033367 A KR19980033367 A KR 19980033367A KR 100281063 B1 KR100281063 B1 KR 100281063B1
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organic
formula
transport layer
hole transport
layer
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KR20000014137A (en
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오형윤
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구자홍
엘지전자주식회사
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/14Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/15Hole transporting layers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1011Condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1014Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/917Electroluminescent

Abstract

유기 EL 소자(Organic Electroluminescent Device)에 관한 것으로, 하기 화학식 1의 구조를 갖는 제 1 물질, 하기 화학식 1과 하기 화학식 2의 구조를 갖는 물질이 혼합된 제 2 물질 중 적어도 어느 하나로 이루어지는 정공수송층을 형성하여 열안정성 및 수명을 크게 향상시킨다.An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: forming a hole transport layer comprising at least one of a first material having a structure of Formula 1, and a second material in which a material having a structure of Formula 1 and Formula 2 is mixed It greatly improves thermal stability and lifespan.

화학식 1Formula 1

화학식 2Formula 2

Description

유기 EL 소자Organic EL element

본 발명은 디스플레이 소자에 관한 것으로, 특히 유기 EL 소자에 관한 것이다.TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to display elements, and more particularly to organic EL elements.

최근에는 유기 발광 다이오드(Light Emitting Diode: LED)라고도 불리는 유기 EL 소자의 기술이 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있으며, 이미 시제품이 발표되었다.In recent years, the technology of organic EL elements, also called organic light emitting diodes (LEDs), is rapidly developing, and prototypes have already been announced.

유기 EL 소자는 매우 얇고, 매트릭스 형태로 어드레스 할 수 있으며, 15V 이하의 낮은 전압으로도 구동이 가능한 장점이 있다.The organic EL device is very thin, can be addressed in a matrix form, and can be driven at a low voltage of 15V or less.

또한, 유기 EL 소자는 넓은 시야각과 플라스틱과 같이 휠 수 있는(flexible) 투명기판 위에도 형성할 수 있어 차세대 평판 디스플레이(Flat Panel Display: FPD)에 적합한 소자이며, 잘 알려진 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)에 비해 백라이트(backlight)가 필요치 않으므로 전력 소모가 적은 장점도 있다.In addition, organic EL devices can be formed on flexible transparent substrates such as wide viewing angles and plastics, making them suitable for next-generation flat panel displays (FPDs), and compared to well-known liquid crystal displays (LCDs). There is no need for backlight, which also has the advantage of low power consumption.

이와 같은 장점을 갖는 유기 EL 소자는 일반적으로 무기 EL 소자와는 동작 원리 면에서 큰 차이가 있다.The organic EL device having such an advantage generally has a large difference in operation principle from that of the inorganic EL device.

무기 EL 소자는 높은 전계에 의해 가속된 전자가 발광체(luminescent impurity)에 충돌, 여기 시키고 여기된 발광체가 기저 상태로 떨어지면서 발광하는데 반해, 유기 EL 소자는 음극과 양극으로부터 각각 주입된 전자와 정공이 결합하여 생성된 엑시톤(exciton)이 여기상태로부터 기저상태로 떨어지면서 발광한다.Inorganic EL devices emit electrons that are accelerated by high electric fields and collide with the luminescent impurity, and the excited light emitters fall to the ground state, whereas organic EL devices emit electrons and holes respectively injected from the cathode and anode. The excitons generated by the coupling emit light while falling from the excited state to the ground state.

이러한 유기 EL 소자는 지금까지 발광 효율을 개선시키고, 다양한 색깔을 만들어 내기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 향후 유기 EL 소자의 상업화를 위해 생산성, 균일성, 신뢰성 등의 연구에 더 많은 노력을 기울여야 할 것으로 본다.The organic EL device has been studied to improve the luminous efficiency and to produce various colors, and more efforts should be made to study productivity, uniformity, and reliability for commercialization of the organic EL device. Seen to be.

일반적인 유기 EL 소자의 구조를 살펴보면, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 투명기판(1)위에 형성되는 양극(2)과, 양극(2)위에 형성되는 정공주입층(HIL : hole injecting layer)(3) 및 정공수송층(HTL : hole transport layer)(4)과, 정공수송층(4)위에 형성되는 유기발광층(5)과, 유기발광층(5)위에 형성되는 전자수송층(ETL : electron transport layer)(6) 및 전자주입층(EIL : electron injecting layer)(7)과, 전자주입층(7)위에 형성되는 음극(8)으로 이루어진다.Referring to the structure of a general organic EL device, as shown in FIG. 1, an anode 2 formed on a transparent substrate 1 and a hole injecting layer (HIL) formed on the anode 2 (3) are described. ) And a hole transport layer (HTL) (4), an organic light emitting layer (5) formed on the hole transport layer (4), and an electron transport layer (ETL: electron transport layer) formed on the organic light emitting layer (6) (6 ) And an electron injecting layer (EIL) 7 and a cathode 8 formed on the electron injecting layer 7.

여기서, 전자수송층(6)이 전자 수송의 역할과 유기발광층으로의 역할을 동시에 수행할 수도 있다.Here, the electron transport layer 6 may simultaneously play a role of electron transport and a role of the organic light emitting layer.

각층의 물질들을 살펴보면 다음과 같다.The materials of each layer are as follows.

(1)정공주입층(3)은 약 10nm ∼ 20nm 두께의 copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)로 이루어지고,(1) the hole injection layer 3 is made of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) having a thickness of about 10 nm to 20 nm,

(2)정공수송층(4)은 약 30nm ∼ 50nm 두께의 4,4'-bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl 또는 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl로 이루어지며,(2) The hole transport layer (4) is 4,4'-bis [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl or 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthylphenyl) having a thickness of about 30 nm to 50 nm. -N-phenylamino] biphenyl,

(3)유기발광층(5)은 약 40nm ∼ 60nm 두께의 tris(8-hydroxy-quinolate)aluminum (Alq3)으로 이루어진다.(3) The organic light emitting layer 5 is composed of tris (8-hydroxy-quinolate) aluminum (Alq3) having a thickness of about 40 nm to 60 nm.

그러나, 이렇게 형성된 유기 EL 소자의 가장 큰 문제는 수명이다.However, the biggest problem of the organic EL element thus formed is lifetime.

수명을 결정하는 요인은 여러 가지가 있으나 가장 주요한 원인은 유기물의 결정화 현상이다.There are many factors that determine lifespan, but the main cause is crystallization of organic matter.

이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 사용되는 모든 물질은 높은 열안정성을 지녀야 하겠으나 위 구조에서 가장 문제가 되는 것은 정공수송층이다.All materials used to solve this problem should have high thermal stability, but the most problematic in the above structure is the hole transport layer.

따라서, 정공수송층의 열안정성을 높이기 위한 시도가 진행되어 왔으며, 특히 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 미국 특허 5061569에서 처럼 유리전이온도가 높은 NPD라는 물질을 합성하여 사용함으로써, 기존의 TPD보다 녹는점 및 유리전이온도를 높였다.Therefore, attempts have been made to increase the thermal stability of the hole transport layer, and in particular, as shown in FIG. The glass transition temperature was raised.

그러나, 도 2와 같은 NPD라고 해도 기본적으로 80도 이상의 고온에서는 열안정성에 문제가 된다.However, even in the case of NPD as shown in Fig. 2, it is basically a problem in thermal stability at a high temperature of 80 degrees or more.

이는 NPD의 무정형 영역이 부분적으로 결정화되는 것에 기인하는데, 소자내에서 전자, 홀의 이동을 어렵게 만들고 비발광 전이로의 천이가 일어나 휘도를 감소시키게 된다.This is due to the partial crystallization of the amorphous region of the NPD, which makes it difficult to move electrons and holes in the device, and causes a transition to a non-luminescent transition, thereby reducing the luminance.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제들을 해결하기 위한 것으로 정공수송층에 새로운 물질을 도입하여 소자의 휘도 및 수명을 향상시킬 수 있는 유기 EL 소자를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an organic EL device capable of improving luminance and lifespan of a device by introducing a new material into the hole transport layer.

도 1은 일반적인 유기 EL 소자의 구조를 보여주는 단면도1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general organic EL device

도 2는 종래 기술에 따른 유기 EL 소자의 정공수송층에 사용된 NPD의 화학식2 is a chemical formula of NPD used in the hole transport layer of the organic EL device according to the prior art

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 유기 EL 소자의 구조를 보여주는 도면3 shows the structure of an organic EL device according to the present invention;

도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

21 : 기판 22 : 제 1 전극21 substrate 22 first electrode

23 : 정공주입층 24 : 정공수송층23: hole injection layer 24: hole transport layer

25 : 유기발광층 26 : 제 2 전극25 organic light emitting layer 26 second electrode

본 발명에 따른 유기 EL 소자의 주요 특징은 제 1 전극과 제 2 전극 사이에 적어도 하나의 유기전계발광층을 포함하는 유기 EL 소자에 있어서, 하기 화학식 1의 구조를 갖는 제 1 물질, 하기 화학식 1과 하기 화학식 2의 구조를 갖는 물질이 혼합된 제 2 물질 중 적어도 어느 하나로 이루어지는 정공수송층을 포함하는데 있다.A main feature of the organic EL device according to the present invention is an organic EL device comprising at least one organic electroluminescent layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, comprising: a first material having a structure of Formula 1, It includes a hole transport layer made of at least one of a second material mixed with a material having a structure of formula (2).

본 발명의 다른 특징은 상기 제 2 물질에서, 상기 화학식 1의 물질에 대한 상기 화학식 2의 물질의 조성비는 0.01% ∼ 99.99%를 가지는데 있다.Another feature of the present invention is that in the second material, the composition ratio of the material of Formula 2 to the material of Formula 1 is from 0.01% to 99.99%.

상기와 같은 특징을 갖는 본 발명에 따른 유기 EL 소자를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, an organic EL device according to the present invention having the above characteristics will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 유기 EL 소자의 구조를 보여주는 단면도로서, 다음과 같은 적층 구조로 이루어진다.3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an organic EL device according to the present invention, and has a laminated structure as follows.

(1)투명 기판(21) 위에 약 100nm 두꼐의 제 1 전극(22)을 형성한다.(1) The first electrode 22 having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed on the transparent substrate 21.

(2)그 위에 약 10nm ∼ 20nm 두께의 copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)로 이루어진 정공주입층(23)을 입힌다.(2) A hole injection layer 23 made of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) having a thickness of about 10 nm to 20 nm is coated thereon.

(3)다음으로 약 30nm ∼ 50nm 두께로 하기 화학식 1을 갖는 HPD로 이루어진 정공수송층(24)을 형성한다.(3) Next, a hole transport layer 24 made of HPD having the following formula (1) having a thickness of about 30 nm to 50 nm is formed.

화학식 1Formula 1

여기서, 정공수송층(24)의 재료로 상기 화학식 1과 하기 화학식 2의 구조를 갖는 NPD들을 혼합하여 사용할 수도 있다.Here, the NPDs having the structures of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 may be used as a material of the hole transport layer 24.

화학식 2Formula 2

정공수송층(24)으로 상기와 같은 물질들을 선택한 이유는 다음과 같다.The reasons for selecting the above materials as the hole transport layer 24 are as follows.

여기서 합성된 4,4'-bis[N-(9-phenanthryl)-N-phenylamino]bipheyl은 4,4'-bis[N-(9-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]bipheyl의 나프틸기 대신에 보다 높은 녹는점을 지닌 페난트릴기를 포함하고 있기 때문에 홀 전달 능력에는 큰 차이가 없으면서 열안정성이 우수하다.The 4,4'-bis [N- (9-phenanthryl) -N-phenylamino] bipheyl synthesized here is substituted for the naphthyl group of 4,4'-bis [N- (9-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] bipheyl. Since it contains a phenanthryl group with a high melting point, it has excellent thermal stability without any significant difference in hole transfer ability.

(4)이어, 정공수송층(24) 위에 약 40nm ∼ 60nm 두께의 tris(8-hydroxy-quinolate)aluminum (Alq3)으로 이루어진 유기발광층(25)을 증착한다.(4) An organic light emitting layer 25 made of tris (8-hydroxy-quinolate) aluminum (Alq3) having a thickness of about 40 nm to 60 nm is deposited on the hole transport layer 24.

녹색발광소자인 경우에는 유기발광층(25)에 coumarin 6 또는 quinacridone과 같은 발광 염료를 도판트(dopant)로 약 1% 정도 첨가하기도 한다.In the case of a green light emitting device, a light emitting dye such as coumarin 6 or quinacridone may be added as a dopant to the organic light emitting layer 25 as a dopant.

(5)그 위에 약 100nm ∼ 200nm 두께의 제 2 전극(26)을 입힌다.(5) The second electrode 26 having a thickness of about 100 nm to 200 nm is coated thereon.

이와 같이 이루어진 본 발명의 유기 EL 소자는 정공수송층(24)에 상기 화학식 1의 구조를 갖는 HPD나 또는 상기 화학식 1과 화학식 2의 구조를 갖는 NPD들을 혼합한 물질을 사용함으로써, 정공수송층(24)의 열안정성 및 수명을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.The organic EL device of the present invention made as described above uses the HPD having the structure of Formula 1 or NPD having the structure of Formula 1 and Formula 2 mixed with the hole transport layer 24 to form the hole transport layer 24. It can greatly improve the thermal stability and lifespan.

본 발명에 따른 유기 EL 소자에 있어서는 다음과 같은 효과가 있다.The organic EL device according to the present invention has the following effects.

열적으로 안정한 HPD를 사용하여 정공수송층을 형성함으로써, 열안정성 및 수명을 크게 향상시킨다.By forming a hole transport layer using thermally stable HPD, thermal stability and lifespan are greatly improved.

Claims (2)

제 1 전극과 제 2 전극 사이에 적어도 하나의 유기전계발광층을 포함하는 유기 EL 소자에 있어서,In an organic EL device comprising at least one organic electroluminescent layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, 하기 화학식 1의 구조를 갖는 제 1 물질, 하기 화학식 1과 하기 화학식 2의 구조를 갖는 물질이 혼합된 제 2 물질 중 적어도 어느 하나로 이루어지는 정공수송층을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기 EL 소자.An organic EL device comprising a hole transport layer comprising at least one of a first material having a structure represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a second material in which a material having a structure represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and the following Chemical Formula 2 is mixed. 화학식 1Formula 1 화학식 2Formula 2 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제 2 물질에서,The method of claim 1, wherein in the second material, 상기 화학식 1의 물질에 대한 상기 화학식 2의 물질의 조성비는 0.01% ∼ 99.99%를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기 EL 소자.The organic EL device, characterized in that the composition ratio of the material of Formula 2 to the material of Formula 1 has 0.01% to 99.99%.
KR1019980033367A 1998-08-14 1998-08-14 Organic EL device KR100281063B1 (en)

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