KR100261757B1 - Method for processing the surface of a cylinder bore of an engine - Google Patents

Method for processing the surface of a cylinder bore of an engine Download PDF

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KR100261757B1
KR100261757B1 KR1019970054915A KR19970054915A KR100261757B1 KR 100261757 B1 KR100261757 B1 KR 100261757B1 KR 1019970054915 A KR1019970054915 A KR 1019970054915A KR 19970054915 A KR19970054915 A KR 19970054915A KR 100261757 B1 KR100261757 B1 KR 100261757B1
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electron
electron beam
cylinder bore
processing
engine
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KR1019970054915A
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KR19990033540A (en
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김상호
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류정열
기아자동차주식회사
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for processing surface of a bore is provided to improve a processing speed and to obtain a surface of excellent appearance by eliminating post-process. CONSTITUTION: Cylinder bores(2) for lifting of linerless pistons are formed in a cylinder block(1). Surface of the cylinder bore is processed by electron beams generated from an electron beam generator via a guide. A protecting direction of the electron beam is controlled by an electromagnet. The electron beam generator satisfies such conditions as 1 to 10MeV of electronic energy, 1 to 30cm of beam size, 1 to 10cm/sec of beam speed, 1 to 30cm of distance from an electron nozzle to the surface, and 1 to 10mA of electron current. According to surface processing via the electron beam generator, a processing speed of a cylinder bore of a linerless engine is improved by sufficient heat input through the electron beams. Further, oxidization of the surface is avoided according to the short processing time period and a neat surface is obtained without post-process.

Description

엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법Surface Treatment of Cylinder Bore of Engine

본 발명은 엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법에 관한 것으로, 더 상세하게는 라이너가 설치되지 않는 라이너리스(Linerless)형 실린더보어를 전자빔발생기에 의해 표면처리하여 기밀성의 증대로 출력을 향상시키고, 마모가 감소되어 내구성이 향상되도록 발명된 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for surface treatment of a cylinder bore of an engine. More specifically, a linerless cylinder bore without a liner is surface-treated by an electron beam generator to improve output by increasing airtightness, and to reduce wear. It is invented to be reduced to improve durability.

일반적으로 디젤엔진은 실린더 내벽에 원심주조법으로 제조된 주철제에 Mn계 인산염을 처리한 라이너를 실린더 보어의 내부에 삽입하여 피스톤링과 맞닿게 되어 있다.In general, a diesel engine is in contact with a piston ring by inserting a liner treated with Mn-based phosphate in a cast iron manufactured by centrifugal casting on an inner wall of a cylinder in a cylinder bore.

그러나, 최근에는 엔진의 경량화와 아울러 고성능화를 위해 라이너가 설치되지 않는 라이너리스(Linerless)형의 실린더보어가 실용화되고 있다.However, in recent years, a linerless cylinder bore, in which a liner is not installed for light weight and high performance of an engine, has been put into practical use.

이때, 실린더보어의 표면정도가 매우 중요하다.At this time, the surface accuracy of the cylinder bore is very important.

즉, 피스톤과의 기밀성과 내마모성에 따른 수명을 고려해야 한다.That is, the service life due to the airtightness and abrasion resistance with the piston should be considered.

종래, 실린더보어의 표면처리방법으로는 스프레이법과 화염경화법, 고주파경화법등이 이용되고 있다.Conventionally, as the surface treatment method of a cylinder bore, the spray method, the flame hardening method, the high frequency hardening method, etc. are used.

그러나, 이 종래 처리방법에 의하면 급가열 및 급냉이 이루어 지지 않아 처리속도가 매우 늦다.However, according to this conventional treatment method, rapid heating and quenching are not performed, so the processing speed is very slow.

또, 표면정도가 거칠어 후가공이 필요하므로 코스트가 상승된다.In addition, since the surface accuracy is rough and post-processing is required, the cost is increased.

또, 기밀성이 불량하여 출력이 쉽게 저하되고, 내마모성이 약하여 수명이 짭게 되는 등의 폐단이 있었던 것이다.In addition, the airtightness is poor, the output is easily lowered, the wear resistance is weak, and the service life is shortened.

본 발명의 목적은 처리속도를 증대시키고 후가공이 없이 보다 미려한 표면을 얻을 수 있도록 한 엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법를 제공하는 데 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for surface treatment of a cylinder bore of an engine that increases the processing speed and obtains a more beautiful surface without post processing.

본 발명의 목적은 내마모성이 우수하여 내구성과 출력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법를 제공하는 데 있다.It is an object of the present invention to provide a cylinder bore surface treatment method for an engine that is excellent in wear resistance so as to improve durability and power.

도 1은 엔진의 사시도1 is a perspective view of an engine

도 2는 본 발명의 전자빔발생기에 의해 실린더보어를 표면처리하는 방법을 보인 장치도Figure 2 is an apparatus showing a method for surface treatment of a cylinder bore by the electron beam generator of the present invention

도 3은 고에너지 가속전자빔 장치도3 is a high energy accelerated electron beam device diagram

도 4는 도 3의 분출구를 확대하여 보인 장치도4 is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown in FIG.

※ 도면중 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명※ Explanation of code about main part of drawing

1 - 실린더블록 2 - 실린더보어1-Cylinder Block 2-Cylinder Bore

10 - 전자빔발생기 11 - 가이드10-Electron Beam Generator 11-Guide

이러한 본 발명의 목적은, 실린더블록(1)에 각 기통수에 따라 라이너가 설치되지 않은 피스톤이 승강되도록 실린더보어(2)가 파여지는 것에 있어서;The object of the present invention is that the cylinder bore 2 is drilled so that the piston without the liner is lifted in the cylinder block 1 according to the number of cylinders;

상기 실린더보어(2)의 내벽을 향해 전자빔발생기(10)로 부터 가이드(11)로 전자빔을 가이드하여 그 표면이 가공되도록 하는 것에 의해 달성된다.This is accomplished by guiding the electron beam from the electron beam generator 10 to the guide 11 towards the inner wall of the cylinder bore 2 so that its surface is machined.

따라서, 처리속도가 증대되고 후가공이 없어 코스트를 저하시킬 수 있다.Therefore, the processing speed is increased and there is no post-processing, so that the cost can be reduced.

또, 보다 미려하고 정밀한 표면을 얻을 수 있다.In addition, a more beautiful and precise surface can be obtained.

그리고, 내마모성이 우수하여 엔진의 내구성과 출력을 향상시킬 수 있는 것이다.In addition, the wear resistance is excellent to improve the durability and output of the engine.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면에 의해 상세하 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 실린더보어(2)들이 기통수에 맞게 파여진 실린더블록(1)을 사시도로 도시하고, 도 2에서는 본 발명의 장치를 도시하고 있다.FIG. 1 shows a cylinder block 1 in which cylinder bores 2 are excavated according to the number of cylinders, and FIG. 2 shows the apparatus of the present invention.

이 도면에서와 같이 실린더블록(1)에 각 기통수에 따라 실린더보어(2)가 복수로 파여져 그 내부로 피스톤이 승강되도록 가이드하게 된다.As shown in the figure, a plurality of cylinder bores 2 are drilled in the cylinder block 1 according to the number of cylinders, thereby guiding the piston up and down.

이때 본 발명에서는 피스톤에 라이너가 설치되지 않은 라이너리스타입을 위해 실린더보어(2)의 내벽에 전자빔에 의해 표면처리하게 된다.In this case, in the present invention, the inner wall of the cylinder bore 2 is surface-treated by an electron beam for the linerless type in which the liner is not installed on the piston.

즉, 실린더보어(2)의 내벽을 향해 전자빔발생기(10)로 부터 가이드(11)로 전자빔을 가이드하여 그 표면이 가공되도록 하는 것이다.That is, the electron beam is guided from the electron beam generator 10 to the guide 11 toward the inner wall of the cylinder bore 2 so that the surface thereof is processed.

전자빔에 의해 투사된 실린더보어(2)의 표면은 전자의 운동에너지를 그대로 받기 때문에 열 효율이 매우 높다.The surface of the cylinder bore 2 projected by the electron beam receives the kinetic energy of electrons as it is, and therefore the thermal efficiency is very high.

예를 들어 전자빔과 유사한 레이저 빔의 경우 재료 표면에서의 반사율이 매우 높아 열 효율이 최대 40%를 넘지 않지만 전자빔의 경우는 최대 80%까지 이른다.For example, laser beams similar to electron beams have very high reflectance at the material surface, with thermal efficiencies of up to 40%, while electron beams can reach up to 80%.

그 결과 비교적 짧은 시간 동안의 빔 주사만으로도 충분한 입열량(heat input)을 얻을 수 있어 공정 시간이 단축된다.As a result, sufficient heat input can be obtained only by beam scanning for a relatively short time, thereby shortening the processing time.

뿐만 아니라 처리 시간이 짧기 때문에 재료 표면의 산화를 방지할 수 있어 빔 처리 후 별도의 후속처리 없이도 깨끗한 표면을 얻을 수 있다.In addition, due to the short processing time, oxidation of the material surface can be prevented, so that a clean surface can be obtained after the beam treatment without additional post-treatment.

전자빔의 에너지는 모두 1.4 MeV로 전자가속기를 이용하여 빔 처리하는 데, 이때 전자빔의 크기 d는 전자가 속기의 최종 발진자로부터의 거리 h에 따라 변화하는데 ELV-6 가속장치에 대해서는 다음과 같은 관계가 성립함을 실험적으로 구하였다.The energy of the electron beam is all 1.4 MeV, and the beam is processed using an electron accelerator. The size d of the electron beam changes with the distance h from the final oscillator of the accelerator. The relationship is as follows for the ELV-6 accelerator. The establishment was experimentally obtained.

Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0001
Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0001

한편, 전자빔의 전류밀도는 빔의 중심 축으로부터 멀어질수록 감소하면서 가우스(Gauss) 분포를 갖게 된다.On the other hand, the current density of the electron beam decreases as it moves away from the central axis of the beam, and has a Gaussian distribution.

즉, 중심 축에서는 최대 전류밀도 Jo를 갖고 중심으로부터 멀어질수록 지수적으로 감소하게 된다.That is, the central axis has the maximum current density Jo and decreases exponentially as it moves away from the center.

중심축으로부터의 거리 r에 따른 전류밀도 J(r)은,The current density J (r) along the distance r from the central axis is

Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0002
이고,
Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0002
 ego,

여기서 rb는 전자빔의 반경이다.Where r b is the radius of the electron beam.

따라서, 빔을 고정시켜 주사하게 되면 빔의 중심부와 가장자리부의 전류밀도의 차이로 인해 재료 표면에 투입되는 입열량도 불균일하게 된다.Therefore, when the beam is fixed and scanned, the amount of heat input to the surface of the material is also uneven due to the difference in current density at the center and the edge of the beam.

이러한 입열량의 불균일성을 피하고 빔 처리면적을 넓게 하기 위해서 빔을 Bx나 By 방향, 혹은 두 방향 모두로 결정하여 준다.In order to avoid the nonuniformity of heat input and widen the beam processing area, the beam is determined in the Bx, By direction, or both directions.

한편, 전자빔과 같이 높은 에너지를 갖는 입자가 재료에 투사되는 경우에는 일반적인 히트 프럭스(heat flux)가 유입되는 경우와 두가지 측면에서 다른 점이 있다.On the other hand, when high energy particles such as electron beams are projected onto the material, there are differences in two aspects from the case where a general heat flux is introduced.

첫번째는 투사되는 재료의 종류에 따라 표면에서는 전자빔 반사율이 각각 다르게 나타나는 것이다.The first is that the electron beam reflectance is different on the surface depending on the type of material being projected.

두번째로는 높은 에너지를 갖는 전자가 재료에 투사될 때 재료 표면에서 자신의 운동에너지를 모두 재료에 전가하고 소멸하는 것이 아니라 어느 정도의 깊이까지는 자신의 에너지를 보존한 채 재료속으로 침투한다.Secondly, when electrons with high energy are projected onto the material, they do not transfer all of their kinetic energy to the material at the surface of the material, but instead penetrate into the material, preserving their energy to some degree.

이와 같은 전자의 침투 깊이를 일렉트론 랜지-electron range- (S)라고 하며 그 크기는 재료의 밀도와 전자의 에너지에 따라 다음과 같이 변화한다.The penetration depth of this electron is called the electron range (S), and its size changes as follows depending on the density of the material and the energy of the electron.

Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0003
Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0003
10KeV≤U≤100KeV10KeV≤U≤100KeV

Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0004
Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0004
10KeV≤U≤1KeV10KeV≤U≤1KeV

Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0005
Figure 1019970054915_B1_M0005
1KeV≤U1KeV≤U

시험에서 가장 적합한 전자빔발생기(10)의 셋팅조건은 다음과 같았다.The setting conditions of the most suitable electron beam generator 10 in the test were as follows.

전자에너지 : 1-10 MeVElectronic energy: 1-10 MeV

빔사이즈 : 1-30 CmBeam size: 1-30 Cm

빔이동속도 : 1-10 Cm/secBeam moving speed: 1-10 Cm / sec

전자노즐과 표면처리면거리 : 1-30 CmElectronic nozzle and surface treatment surface distance: 1-30 Cm

전자 전류량 : 1-10 mAElectronic current amount: 1-10 mA

상기와 같은 본 발명은, 라이너리스 엔진에 있어서 전자빔발생기(10)에 의해 표면처리하는 것에 의해 처리속도가 증대되고 후가공이 없어 코스트를 저하시킬 수 있다.According to the present invention as described above, in the linerless engine, the treatment speed is increased by the surface treatment by the electron beam generator 10, and there is no post-processing, thereby reducing the cost.

또, 보다 미려하고 정밀한 표면을 얻을 수 있다.In addition, a more beautiful and precise surface can be obtained.

그리고, 내마모성이 우수하여 엔진의 내구성과 출력을 향상시킬 수 있는 등의 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.And, it is a very useful invention, such as to improve the durability and output of the engine is excellent in wear resistance.

Claims (2)

실린더블록(1)에 각 기통수에 따라 라이너가 설치되지 않은 피스톤이 승강되도록 실린더보어(2)가 파여지는 것에 있어서; 상기 실린더보어(2)의 내벽을 향해 대기중에서 전자빔발생기(10)로 부터 발생된 전자빔이 가이드(11)를 통해 가이드되면서 그 표면이 가공되고, 상기 전자빔의 의 주사방향은 전자석에 의해 조절됨을 특징으로 하는 엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법.In which the cylinder bore 2 is drilled in the cylinder block 1 so that a piston without a liner is lifted according to the number of cylinders; The surface is processed while the electron beam generated from the electron beam generator 10 is guided through the guide 11 in the air toward the inner wall of the cylinder bore 2, the scanning direction of the electron beam is controlled by an electromagnet Surface treatment method of the cylinder bore of the engine. 청구항1에 있어서, 상기 전자빔발생기(10)는 전자에너지 1-10 MeV, 빔사이즈 1-30 Cm, 빔이동속도 1-10 Cm/sec, 전자노즐과 표면처리면거리 1-30 Cm, 전자 전류량 1-10 mA의 조건에서 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 엔진의 실린더보어 표면처리방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the electron beam generator 10 has an electron energy of 1-10 MeV, a beam size of 1-30 Cm, a beam moving speed of 1-10 Cm / sec, an electron nozzle and a surface treatment surface distance of 1-30 Cm, and an amount of electron current. Surface treatment method of a cylinder bore of an engine, characterized in that the 1-10 mA conditions.
KR1019970054915A 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Method for processing the surface of a cylinder bore of an engine KR100261757B1 (en)

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