KR100231739B1 - Apparatus and method for execution of work for measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

[Technical field to which the invention described in the claims belong]

Tunnel measuring device and construction method

[Technical Key Points for Solving the Invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel hole measuring apparatus and method capable of selectively performing two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional measurement according to the situation of the workspace in the tunnel.

[Summary of the solution of the invention]

The present invention is a measurement pin; Protective means having a female screw hole of a predetermined size is formed on one side so that the measuring pin is accommodated, the removal means is provided on the other side; And placing the primary shotcrete such that the tunnel hole measuring device including the adapter and the measuring pin installed on the inner surface of the tunnel hole protrude. Inserting the measurement pin into the groove of the protective cover; Placing secondary shotcrete on an outer circumferential surface of the protective cover; Exposing the measurement pin to a space; Installing and measuring an adapter on the exposed measuring pin; And it provides a construction method comprising the step of shielding the space portion from which the protective cover is removed.

[Important Uses of the Invention]

It is possible to continuously measure the air gap and the top-end displacement of the tunnel.

Description

Tunnel measuring device and construction method

The present invention relates to a tunnel hole measuring device for measuring the internal hole and the top-end displacement generated immediately after the excavation of the tunnel, and in particular, the relative displacement two-dimensional measurement and the absolute displacement three-dimensional measurement for measuring the excavation hole in the tunnel are compatible. It relates to a tunnel hole measuring device that can be used as.

Generally, after drilling and blasting are carried out inside the tunnel, displacements in the longitudinal direction in the tunnel progress direction and in the transverse direction in the tunnel vertical direction are measured.

In tunnel excavation, instrumentation has played a significant role. In other words, by continuously measuring the perforations and the top-end displacements occurring immediately after the excavation of the tunnel, it was possible to grasp the overall rock condition. Tunnel construction was possible.

Currently, the measurement work performed in the tunnel includes two-dimensional measurement using a tape stretcher as shown in FIG. 1 and three-dimensional measurement using an optical wave as shown in FIG. It can be divided into. Referring to the two-dimensional measuring method, as shown in Fig. 1A, the inner pins 102 are formed at three walls of both sides of the tunnel hole formed by excavation and the top end face, that is, the center of the excavation end surface (not shown). Drive in and fix it. Here, the inner pin 102 has a structure formed by attaching a circular ring 102b to one end of the deformed steel bar 102a as shown in FIG. 1B.

In addition, after placing the primary and secondary shotcretes 103 and 104 on the inner circumferential rock mass 101 of the tunnel hole, the relative displacement between each point is pulled by hooking and pulling the ring 105a installed in the tape extensometer 106. It is a method of measuring with the naked eye.

In addition, in the three-dimensional measurement method, as shown in Fig. 2, the first and second shotcretes 112 and 113 are placed on both side wall surfaces and the top end surface portions of the tunnel hole, and the upper wall surface 111, and then the measurement target points. A pin is installed at the end of the pin, and the detachable bireflex 115 is connected to the end of the pin using the adapter 114.

In addition, the optical waveguide 116 is installed about 20 to 100 m behind the target measurement point, which is the bi-reflex 115 point, and measures the absolute displacement between each point in the tunnel.

As mentioned above, between the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional measurement, in addition to the measurement equipment and the measurement object displacement, that is, the relative displacement measurement that is the two-dimensional measurement and the absolute displacement measurement that is the three-dimensional measurement, the specifications and types of the pins installed in the tunnel wall are different from each other. Due to the incompatibility with each other, there was a problem that efficient measurement according to the drilling situation is impossible.

For example, to date, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is used to install a two-dimensional measuring device about 100m behind the curtain due to obstacles such as the TBM main body and subsequent back-up equipment during tunnel excavation. After the measurement, the measurement is performed, but the displacement is almost finished at such a position, so that the measurement becomes meaningless and the accuracy and reliability of the measurement are deteriorated.

In addition, in the method using the TBM, the tunnel cross-sectional shape is always constant in a circular shape and is limited in size, so first, a NATM (New Austrian Tunnelling Method) is used to excavate the tunnel with the TBM and process the remaining expanded portion by the blasting method. The mixed TBM / NATM combination method has recently been applied to various tunnel sites at home and abroad.

In the tunnel using NATM method, measurement can be performed at close range of the membrane. However, due to the blasting of the membrane, the previously installed internal pins are hit by the blast fragments, and the position of the internal pins is shaken by the impact, which reduces the reliability of the measured values. There was a problem.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, it is possible to selectively perform two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurement in the tunnel formed by the TBM method or NATM method according to the situation of the workspace inside the tunnel. The object is to provide a tunnel hole measuring apparatus and method.

In addition, the present invention allows the three-dimensional measuring adapter and the two-dimensional measuring adapter to be compatible with each other, and the tunnel to improve the reliability of the measurement by preventing the movement and damage of the hole pins by the blasting debris when performing the NATM method It is another object to provide a blank measuring device and method.

Figure 1a is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a two-dimensional tunnel hole measuring apparatus using a tape stretcher according to the prior art.

Figure 1b is a block diagram of a hole pin used in a conventional two-dimensional tunnel hole measuring instrument.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a three-dimensional tunnel hole measuring device using a conventional optical wave.

3 is a configuration diagram of a two-dimensional measuring adapter which is a main part of a tunnel hole measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

4 is a configuration diagram of a three-dimensional measuring adapter which is a main part of a tunnel hole measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

5 is a block diagram of a protective mechanism that is a main part of a tunnel hole measuring apparatus according to the present invention;

6A and 6B are a plan view and a front view showing the configuration of a cover plate for protecting the installed three-dimensional measuring adapter.

7 is a construction flowchart of the tunnel hole measuring device.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10: first adapter 11, 21: adapter body

12 ring 20 second adapter

22: bonding piece 30: protective cover

31: hole pin receiving groove 32: handle

40: cover plate 41: bent portion

42: reputation

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is installed on both sides of the tunnel hole and the top end surface portion, the measuring pin is formed with a male screw portion in a predetermined section of the outer peripheral surface; Protective means having a female screw hole of a predetermined size is formed on one side so that the measuring pin is accommodated, the removal means is provided on the other side; And it provides a tunnel hole measuring device comprising an adapter with a female thread groove formed on one side to be coupled to the measuring pin in a state in which the protective means is removed.

In addition, the present invention comprises the steps of installing a measuring pin on the inner surface of the tunnel hole, and placing the primary soot so that a predetermined portion of the measuring pin; Installing the measuring pin to be inserted into a groove of the protective cover; Placing secondary shotcrete on an outer circumferential surface of the protective cover; Removing the protection mechanism to expose the measurement pin to the space; Installing one of the first and second adapters to the exposed measurement pin and performing measurement; And shielding the space in which the protective cover is removed with the cover plate to prevent the measurement pin from being damaged on the debris according to the blasting after the measurement is completed.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described an embodiment of the present invention;

Tunnel hole measuring apparatus according to the present invention is implemented to be compatible with the two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional measurement according to the tunnel excavation method, in this embodiment as shown in Figures 3 to 6 adapter for two-dimensional measurement It is largely divided into the 10 and the three-dimensional measuring adapter 20, the protective cover 30 and the cover plate 40.

As shown in FIG. 3, the two-dimensional measuring adapter 10 has a first adapter body in which a female thread groove 11a is formed at one side thereof so as to be coupled to a male screw portion of a hole pin installed at a wall surface and a top end surface of a tunnel hole. (11) and the ring (12) attached to the other side of the first adapter body (11) is provided.

In addition, the three-dimensional measuring adapter 20 has a form similar to the two-dimensional measuring adapter 10 of Figure 3, as shown in Figure 4, the female screw groove on one side to be coupled to the male screw portion of the hole pin A second adapter body 21 having a 21a formed therein and a bi-reflex coupling piece 22 mounted on the other side of the adapter body 21 are integrally provided.

As shown in FIG. 5, the protective cover 30 for protecting the inner pins installed on the wall surface and the top end surface of the tunnel hole is formed with a groove 31 having a predetermined size to accommodate the inner pins on one side thereof. The side has a structure provided with a handle 32 to remove the protective cover 30 as needed.

In addition, the cover plate 40 is to prevent the inner pin is exposed to the outside when the tunnel hole blasting to prevent damage to the debris, as shown in Figure 6a and 6b the bent portion of the central portion recessed to a predetermined depth It has a (41), both sides are formed of a flat plate 42 to be attached to the shotcrete surface, the long hole (42a) is formed in the flat plate 42 to be variablely positioned on the secondary shotcrete surface to be mounted by bolts, etc. It is supposed to be.

Therefore, when explaining the operating state of the present invention configured as described above, the inner hole pin is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel hole, the protective cover 30 is inserted and installed so that the inner hole pin is accommodated, and the shotcrete is fixed by pouring. In this state, the two-dimensional or three-dimensional measurement is performed according to the situation of the working space inside the tunnel. When the two-dimensional measurement is performed first, the protective cover 30 which protects the inner pins mounted on both sides of the tunnel hole, respectively. ) And then fasten the first adapter 10 to the hole pins. Then, by hooking the hook provided with the tape extender to the hook 12 of the first adapter 10, the relative displacement between each point is visually measured by looking at the gauge provided with the tape extender.

In addition, the three-dimensional measurement is performed in the same manner as the two-dimensional measurement, wherein the second adapter 20 is fastened to the exposed pins, and the coupling piece 22 thereof is attached to the second adapter 20. The bi-reflex is inserted into the coupling. In addition, the absolute displacement between each measurement point of the tunnel is measured by using an optical wave receiver installed 20 to 100 m behind the target measurement point which is the position of the bi-reflex.

On the other hand, when blasting using the NATM method in the process of performing the two-dimensional measurement or three-dimensional measurement is to remove the protective cover, and to cover the removed space portion with a cover plate to protect the inner pin from debris. .

Thus, in the present invention, by providing the first and second adapters that can be connected to the inner pin, respectively, two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional measurement can be used interchangeably, and selectively two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional measurement according to the internal situation of the tunnel hole. Dimensional measurement can be performed.

Therefore, when the 3D measurement is difficult due to visual obstacles such as the narrowness of the work space or the mechanism related to the work during the tunnel excavation, the first adapter 10 is fastened to the inner pin by selecting a tunnel section that can be worked. If two-dimensional measurement is carried out and the working conditions improve, the first adapter 10 for two-dimensional measurement is removed, and the second adapter 20 and the bireplexer are mounted to perform three-dimensional measurement. To get it.

The construction procedure of the tunnel hole measuring apparatus configured as described above will be described with reference to Figs. 7A to 7D.

First, the primary suncrets 51 are placed on both sides of the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel hole, and the inner hole pins 52 are installed at predetermined portions of the wall surface, and the inner hole pins 52 are inserted into the grooves of the protective cover 53. Install it. (Figure 2a)

Then, the secondary shotcrete 54 is placed outside the protective cover 53 to fix the protective cover. (Fig. 2b)

At this time, the outer cover surface of the protective cover 53 is coated with an oil such as grease so that the protective cover 53 fixed to the secondary shotcrete 54 can be easily detached by pulling the handle (53a).

After determining whether to perform two-dimensional measurement or three-dimensional measurement according to the situation of the inner space of the tunnel, the protective cover 53 is removed by pulling the handle 53a of the protective cover 53. Accordingly, the inner pin 52 is formed by the protective cover 53 while being fixed to the primary shotcrete surface. Fastening any one of the first or second adapter 55 (only the first adapter in this figure) to the inner pin 52 to the inner pin 52 exposed in the space and the first and second adapter A measuring instrument corresponding to the instrument is installed to perform measurement (Fig. 7C).

At this time, since there is a free space around the inner pin 52, it is easy to remove the first and second adapter 55.

When the measurement is completed, the space formed by removing the protective cover 53 is blocked with a cover plate 56 and fastened to the shotcrete surface by fixing with concrete bolts 57, etc. After the blast is completed and the blasting is completed, the cover plate 56 is removed again to continue the measurement (FIG. 7D).

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be evident to those who have knowledge of.

The present invention configured and acting as described above is carried out by selecting two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional measurement according to the working conditions by allowing the two-dimensional measuring adapter and the three-dimensional measuring adapter to be installed interchangeably on one hollow pin. By measuring the radius of the excavation hole immediately in the excavation, it is possible to reliably measure the displacement occurrence by each excavation section, so that it is easy to grasp the overall rock condition of the tunnel, and the reinforcement measures of the supporting material can be taken accordingly. Tunnel construction has the effect possible.

Claims (7)

Measuring pins provided at both sides of the tunnel hole and the top end surface portion, and having a male screw portion formed on a predetermined section of the outer circumferential surface; Protective means having a female screw hole of a predetermined size is formed on one side so that the measuring pin is accommodated, the removal means is provided on the other side; And an adapter having a female thread groove formed on one side thereof so as to be coupled to the measuring pin while the protective means is removed. The tunnel hole measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adapter is provided with a hook such that a hook of the two-dimensional measuring tape extender for measuring the tunnel hole and the top end displacement is connected to the other side thereof. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the adapter further comprises a coupling piece connected to the other side thereof so that the three-dimensional measurement bi-reflex for measuring the tunnel hole and the edge change is provided. The tunnel hole measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a measuring pin protecting means for shielding the space at the portion where the protecting means is removed to prevent the exposed portion of the measuring pin from being damaged by debris. . 5. The tunnel hole measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the measuring pin protecting means has a bent portion recessed at a predetermined depth in the central portion, and both sides are cover plates formed of a flat plate to be attached to the shotcrete surface. Putting a measuring pin on an inner surface of the tunnel hole and placing a primary soak to project a predetermined portion of the measuring pin; Installing the measuring pin to be inserted into a groove of the protective cover; Placing secondary shotcrete on an outer circumferential surface of the protective cover; Removing the protection mechanism to expose the measurement pin to the space; Installing one of the first and second adapters to the exposed measurement pin and performing measurement; And shielding the space in which the protective cover is removed with the cover plate to prevent the measuring pin from being damaged by the debris due to the blasting after the completion of the measurement. The method of claim 6, further comprising applying oils to an outer circumferential surface of the protective cover after performing the step of installing the measuring pin to be inserted into the groove of the protective cover.

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