KR100228646B1 - A building and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

A building formed by a frame having a horizontal support structure, for example a hotel, consists of a different horizontal support floor 1 and a vertical support structure, in which a prefabricated room unit 2 in the frame is located.

The sound insulation air gap 9 is provided between the support structure of the soundproof unit and the wall.

Description

Building and construction method

1 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of a building according to the invention.

2 is a horizontal sectional view of a part of the floor height of a building according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: support surface 2: room unit

3: wall 4: ceiling

5: washroom and toilet part 6: floor

7: exterior wall element 8: window

9: air reservoir 10: panel wall

11 tube 12 recessed portion

13: pillar 14: chamfer

The present invention relates to a building according to the preamble of claim 1. In particular, the frame of the building consists of concrete or reinforced reinforcement concrete. Steel-reinforced concrete steel frame is used herein to relate to a structure consisting entirely of reinforcement-concrete concrete or to a loading and supporting column of at least a height mainly composed of at least a beam and a loading support pillar mainly composed of steel and at least a concrete or reinforced reinforcement concrete.

Known building techniques have evolved mainly in connection with the construction of a frame of a building which uses the assembled supporting building elements relatively quickly.

However, the interior of the building is still expensive and time consuming because it is mostly handmade.

In addition, the planning of the various construction stages at the construction site is difficult because workers of different professions have different performance tasks and the proper time for these tasks requires accurate planning and time schedules.

This known construction technique is also the room of a building where the sound insulation of each other is weak. In particular, noise is transmitted through a building frame, such as so-called "framing", in which sound is transmitted not only vertically from one room to another on another floor level, but also horizontally from one room to another on the same floor level. Is easily transferred from one room to another.

Problems caused by poor sound insulation can be reduced, for example, by the construction of so-called floating floors, in particular by the use of expensive sound insulation techniques.

In general, however, such a multi-floor construction allows for somewhat weak sound insulation or makes the wall and floor heights thicker than required for the load stress required for sound insulation purposes only.

The use of prefab room units is already known. For example, installation of cabins assembled in the shipbuilding industry (see FI-62647, GB-A-1600110, US-A-3363597) is known.

In addition, prefabricated room units have been previously used in buildings as shown in US Pat. Nos. US-A-2499498, US-A-3638380, and US-A-3823520.

According to this known technique, the frame is constructed to hold a room unit in place that is not used to form the building itself and to make the interior of the finished building.

In US Patent Publication No. US-A-2499498, a frame represents temporary storage of a movable room unit.

However, this room unit is not provided for finishing the interior of the building.

An object of the present invention is to solve various problems related to the structure of a building.

The main purpose is to reduce the given time for the structure inside the building, to build many building interiors away from the ground, and to improve the soundproofing of the building in a simple way.

The present invention can also improve the fire safety of buildings.

According to one aspect of the invention the building is characterized by the features of claim 1. The present invention provides that the actual room spaces and their interiors are made and arranged as prefabricated room units, where an air gap between the room unit and the bearing structure of the building cooperates with the ceiling / wall of the room unit and near the interior and support structures of the various room units. It is mainly based on the fact that it is provided to significantly improve sound insulation.

Buildings made according to the invention, for example hotel buildings, can be built significantly faster than generally constructed buildings.

It is calculated that the construction time of a hotel complex consisting of 100 rooms can be reduced by about 5 months by the construction of the building according to the present invention.

At the same time, very high levels of interior decoration and construction can be achieved, and sound insulation problems are generally easier to solve than buildings.

Because, in the house or building according to the present invention, the framing sound can only be moved from one room to another through the floor, and for this reason the sound insulation can be significantly improved.

Today sound insulation between rooms usually requires at least 52dB.

In order to achieve this value, the sound insulation of the intermediate wall is generally 60dB in concrete frameworks, but the total sound insulation is 53dB in the intermediate wall structure in the building according to the present invention.

Because of this huge difference, the total amount of building materials used can be greatly reduced.

The present invention can be optimally applied to the so-called column-beam-building with the known structure of buildings with vertical columns and horizontal columns provided by columns.

The beam supports different height support floors that can accommodate conventional loads occurring at each floor height.

Furthermore, the structure of the outer wall or other vertical wall of the building may further include a vertical support structure of the support frame of the building.

In this case, the floor height of the building is an opening space containing only a few support columns, and a prefabricated room unit can be installed into this space.

In general, an air gap is also provided between two neighboring room units in order to achieve good sound insulation in cooperation with the walls of the room unit.

The sound insulation between the interior of the room unit and the interior of the neighboring room unit or neighboring strut structure depends on the wall / ceiling structure of the room unit and the size of the neighboring wall / ceiling.

Since medium mass is a good barrier to airborne sound, in the wall / ceiling structure of a room unit adjacent to a soundproof air gap, for example, sheet metal, plastic or ceramic tiles or metal materials and plastic vaults (gypsum) The combination of building materials greatly improves sound insulation.

Light building materials, especially mineral wool, should be used in wall / ceiling structures in combination with heavy materials.

A layer of mineral wool, possibly externally supported by paper, plastic, fiberglass fabric, etc., should be placed adjacent to the air gap, while the heavy building material should be as far as possible from the air gap, eg the wall / ceiling of the room unit. It should be located inside or close to the structure.

Suitable thickness of air gap is 40 to 100 , Preferably from 50 to 80 to be.

Wide gaps in combination with neighboring room unit walls or ceilings always provide improved sound insulation, but it is generally not necessary to use unnecessarily large air gaps to save space.

The air gap may advantageously be provided with a gap blocking element of a soft material, a non-hardening material, attenuating material, for example, to prevent the sound from being freely transmitted from the air gap tissue network.

Typically this gap blocking element has a soft mineral surface provided across the air gap.

Such gap blocking elements are also useful for improving the safety of fires. This is because it is operated as a barrier in the air gap net to prevent fire spread or temperature rise. Building costs are generally most effectively reduced by using floorless room units, so that the support floor of the building forms the floor of the room unit. The floor is appropriately completed by adding a bottom cover to the support floor.

If very good sound insulation is required, it is preferable to use a room unit of its own floor instead of a roomless unit.

However, the cost rises considerably in this case.

In order to save space, it is effective to use compartmentalized, mainly rectangular room units.

However, at some corners of the room unit the basic rectangular room has to be modified slightly to provide a chamfer or some other recess for the purpose of leaving a room for the vertical support structure of the building, such as a support column.

The basic shape of the room unit can also be changed to leave adequate space for pipes and cables.

If the room unit includes a bath room or the like, it is generally advantageous to make space for pipes and cables near the bath room unit.

Since the height of the room does not have to be the same as the actual living room in the second room space such as the interior and the bathroom, it is effective to lower the ceiling height of the second space or the ceiling height of the two adjacent spaces. There is a stairway in the ceiling through which the back passes.

Effective and economical use of the building according to the invention requires that the room unit be dimensioned according to a modular system suitable for the building construction.

For special reasons, the maximum length of the module is always about 7 m and the maximum width desired by the transport factor is usually 3.4 m. In special cases a thickness of 4 m may also be considered. For example, room units with fewer toilets, baths, etc. than modules are incorporated into the room units with modular dimensions.

In fact, this means that the modular room unit can be separated into two or several parts.

While the building is being constructed, the room unit can be effectively moved within the building through the opening outer wall of the framework.

Room units intended to be located near the exterior wall may advantageously be provided in advance with building elements forming part of the exterior wall.

On the other hand, if all room units of one particular floor are accommodated within the floor, the outer wall elements can be hypothesized separately from the outer wall.

A large number of rooms of the same kind are required mainly in the building, such as hotels. In general, it is always advantageous to use two room units of the same size, at least essentially one of which is symmetrical to the other.

By always placing the room unit and its symmetry unit next to each other, the effect is obtained that the pipes and cables for both room units can be easily connected to the same HPAC-concave passage that passes vertically through the building.

In addition, pipe and cable lengths drawn to different locations in the room unit can be minimized using the symmetrical installation mode.

Suitable room units are made rigid enough to support themselves.

This makes it convenient to move to the site and subsequent installation.

The rigidity of the room unit is preferably a room unit that does not need to be separated and supported in the building.

The only support given to the room unit by the building will then be the support of the support floor.

The lack of other supports has soundproofing desirable effects. It can also be partially moved to the ground except for large room units.

Another aspect of the invention of a building interior construction method and a building construction method is disclosed in claims 5 to 17.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a vertical sectional view of a part of a building according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of a part of the floor of a building according to the invention.

1 mainly shows only the support floor 1 of different heights of the concrete house building frame. A plurality of prefabricated room units 2 are arranged between the floor surfaces, each having a wall indicated by 3 and a ceiling indicated by 4.

The room unit 2 described above has no floor except for the washroom and toilet part 5, where the floor 6 is hypothesized while the room unit is being manufactured.

The bottom 6 of the washroom and toilet part 5 is modeled in FIG.

It is generally provided to some extent above the average floor surface of the building, and a drain is provided which comprises a sewer pipe and other requirements such as floor heating means.

The outer wall of the building partly has an outer wall element 7 connected to the room unit 2, the element comprising a window 8, a balcony door, or anything else provided in the building.

The outer wall element 7 may later be attached to the room unit 2 in a building process, or the outer wall element 7 may be hypothesized into the outer wall after the construction of the room unit 2.

The arrangement of the air gap 9 between the room unit 2 and the supporting structure of the neighboring building is important.

Each air gap 9 together with the wall and ceiling connected to the room unit, in cooperation with the ceiling or wall of the associated room unit, provides effective sound insulation between the room unit and the neighboring support structure.

As shown in FIG. 1, if there is a corridor or similar shared space on the right side of the room unit, a thin panel wall 10 may be provided between the room unit and the hallway. In general, as shown in FIG. 1, there is a small inlet at one end of the room unit, and there is a washroom and a toilet 5 next to it.

The ceiling height in this part of the room unit is somewhat lower than the actual room space of the room unit.

As shown in FIG. 1, other ceiling heights are advantageous because they are used to accommodate, for example, air conditioning ducts or pipes 11 supplied to the room units.

As shown in Figure 2, for example, the interior of the whole hotel floor can be formed according to the invention.

In the formation of the interior, two kinds of room units 2a and 2b were used symmetrically with each other, such as the effect seen in the mirror.

If the room of one unit is placed symmetrically in another neighboring room unit, such as the mirror effect, then it is possible to obtain pipes connected to the washroom and toilet part 5 integrated in the room unit already prepared in the manufacturing stage, and other required service lines, For example, there is an effect that it can be located in the same recess 12 in which the air-conditioning pipe, electric cable, etc. which are placed are located.

The support pillar of the building frame is indicated by reference numeral 13.

By providing the room unit with the corner chamfer 14, the column 13 is dimensioned to be located in the space provided by the chamfer, so that all of the available floor space area can be used.

The corner chamfer is always facing the support pillar when there is a common room for two room units between two supporting pillars so that the unit room can be paired by the mirror effect.

The interior of the building is created during the construction of the building by moving pre-made room units through the openings in the air conditioning openings.

For example, the room unit 2a is moved first, and one side is moved little by little so that the pillar 13 is located in the corner chamfer of the room unit.

Thereafter, the symmetric room unit 2b is arranged in the neighboring room unit 2a.

There is an air gap 9 between all room units.

After the room unit has been hypothesized, a suitable auxiliary wall element 15 is placed on the outer wall in front of the support pillar 13 and a gap can be provided between the pair of room units if necessary.

In general, room units are constructed such that the supporting parts of the walls and ceiling are made of bent steel sheets, typically 0.1 From 1.00 Thickness.

On one side of the steel sheet, the surface layer is typically 15 It is glued to thickness.

However, in some cases, the adhesion surface layer may become considerably thicker upon adhesion.

The density of the mineral wool layer is 200 Of Greater than The metal surface of the wall structure is arranged to face toward the interior of the room unit, and the mineral surface sound insulation is arranged to face toward the air gap between the room units.

If the sound insulation of the wall structure is to be improved, this will be easily achieved by increasing as much as possible by the air gap with the increase of the heavy construction material of the wall structure.

Such heavy building materials can be, for example, plastic boards or Dutch tiles.

On the other hand, unless a tile or the like is used, the steel sheet surface facing the inside of the room unit is always covered with a suitable surface material such as a tile plastic or the like in the fiber plastic.

Each air gap does not need to be completely free from mechanical connections.

In FIG. 2, optical contact is not critical in the limited area between the mineral wool layer and the support column, such as between items 13 and 14.

In general, however, there must be an air gap covering mainly the outer surface of the room unit.

If a part of the building frame is close to the room unit, there must be an air gap between the wall and / or ceiling of the room unit and the adjacent frame part.

Claims (16)

In a building having a framework of a horizontal support structure consisting of a support floor 1 and a vertical support structure 13 and a room unit 2 in a frame, the room unit 2 comprises a wall 3 and a ceiling 4. And an air gap 9 is provided between the support structure and the rice cake or ceiling to form sound insulation for neighboring frame support structures in cooperation with the associated room unit wall or ceiling, and further Air gaps are formed between neighboring walls of the pair of neighboring room units to form sound insulation between the pair of neighboring rooms in cooperation with the neighboring wall. The building according to claim 1, wherein the support structure is made of concrete or reinforced concrete. The building according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal support structure has a beam for supporting a support floor. 4. The room unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the room unit is partly floorless and each floor is partly floorless or in a suitable cover supplied to a support floor on which the room unit is supported. Building provided by. 4. The moth according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the room unit is in the form of a compartment, wherein the compartment room unit extends vertically at one of its corners containing one of the vertical support structures. A building characterized by having a base (14). 4. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the room unit is dimensioned with a modular system and subsidiaryly divided into smaller prefabricated rooms. 4. The room unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the room unit has an outer wall around the building, and the outer wall having the outer wall element is installed while the room unit defining the outer wall element of the building is manufactured. Building. The room unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the room units are arranged in rows, each row having a pair of neighboring room units, and a pair of two room units are symmetrical with each other. Building. 4. The air gap of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the width of the air gap is from 40 to 100. , Preferably from 50 to 80 Building characterized in that. 4. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the room unit is sufficiently secured to be supported only from below by a support floor. 4. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vertical support structure comprises a pillar or the like which is separated from the support floor and vertically located therebetween. 4. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the air gap is installed and subdivided in the air gap of the soft sound damping material. 4. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ceiling is staircased as a staircase that connects the upper and lower ceilings, and one air conditioner is stepped beyond the lower ceiling to communicate with the interior of the associated room unit. A building characterized by extending to wealth. A method of building an interior of a building having a room provided in a horizontal frame and a vertical support structure, the method comprising: arranging a prefabricated room unit in the frame, wherein the room includes a wall and a ceiling, respectively, on a support floor constituting the vertical support structure The room unit is provided such that an air gap is formed between the support structure and the wall or ceiling to cooperate with adjacent supports of the room unit to form effective sound insulation between the interior of the room unit and the adjacent support structure of the building frame. Construction method characterized in that it is installed. A building method of a building comprising forming a frame of horizontal and vertical support structures and providing a room in the frame, wherein the room comprises a prefabricated room unit comprising walls and ceilings, respectively, on a support floor constituting the vertical support structure. Wherein the room unit has an air gap formed between the support structure and the wall or ceiling to cooperate with adjacent supports of the room unit to form effective sound insulation between the interior of the room unit and the adjacent support structure of the building frame. Construction method characterized in that it is installed to. In a method of construction inside a building having a framework made of concrete or reinforced reinforced concrete, providing a special designed room such as a designed bedroom, dining room, living room or kitchen, sauna, bath and toilet, the room comprises walls and ceilings. It is formed into a prefabricated room unit, such a room unit is located in the building outside the wall or ceiling of the room unit in cooperation with the neighboring structure of the room unit has an air gap to form an effective sound insulation for any neighboring support of the building A building method, characterized in that formed between the room unit and the support structure of the building.