KR100228460B1 - Lcd apparatus and method for driving the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a first hysteresis characteristic, a first liquid crystal material capable of displaying a first color, and a second hysteresis characteristic including hysteresis characteristics of the first liquid crystal member, and can display a second color. And a liquid crystal layer comprising a second liquid crystal material and a third liquid crystal material having a third hysteresis characteristic including each of the hysteresis characteristics of the first and second liquid crystal members, and capable of displaying a third color. As the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is increased or the frequency is changed, the characteristics of each liquid crystal material are changed from absorption to transmission in the order of the first liquid crystal material, the second liquid crystal material and the third liquid crystal material. In addition, as the voltage is reduced or the frequency is changed, each liquid crystal material is sequentially changed from transmission to absorption. By using this characteristic, three or more colors can be displayed.

Description

LCD and its driving method

The present invention relates to a multicolor display liquid crystal display device and a control method for displaying an arbitrary color in the multicolor display liquid crystal display device.

As a display device capable of displaying any color, a CRT (cathode ray tube, that is, a water tube) is widely used. However, since the CRT deflects electrons accelerated by one electron gun to all regions on the display panel (light emitting surface), there is a problem that the depth direction as a display becomes large. Moreover, because of power consumption and weight, it is not suitable for carrying.

Plasma displays, EL (electroluminescence) panels, and the like have also been proposed as display devices instead of CRTs, but at present, they are not practical as portable devices.

The liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal element can be set to a numerical value that enables each of the thickness and weight of the device to be portable, and also consumes a little power, and thus is widely used in electronic desk calculators, wrist watches, and the like. In addition, by forming a TN (twist nematic) type liquid crystal element integrally with a TFT (thin film transistor) used as an active switch element, the development of a display device provided with display characteristics equivalent to that of a CRT provides a portable color video, a word processor and a personal. Color displays have also been put to practical use in computers and the like. Moreover, the liquid crystal element which does not use polarizing plates, such as a GH (guest host) type liquid crystal element using a dichroic dye, or a selective reflection liquid crystal element, is also proposed. However, when full-color display is performed using this kind of liquid crystal element, liquid crystal materials of different colors are arranged in parallel on each of the subpixels, but it is necessary to stack three or more liquid crystal cells.

In the above-mentioned TN type liquid crystal element, a backlight is required in order to compensate for the lack of the brightness by the fall of light utilization efficiency by using a polarizing plate. From this, there is a problem that the total power consumption of the liquid crystal display device becomes large.

On the other hand, even when a liquid crystal element that does not use a polarizing plate, that is, a GH (guest host) type liquid crystal element, a selective reflection liquid crystal element, or the like is used, it is substantially difficult to arrange several kinds of liquid crystals in parallel, and a displayable color. This is a limited problem.

On the other hand, in the method of laminating | stacking three or more layers of liquid crystal cells, there exist many manufacturing problems, such as cell assembly, injection of a liquid crystal material, and mounting of a driver circuit. In particular, there is a problem in that the liquid crystal display device becomes larger due to securing electric conduction for driving each liquid crystal layer stacked more than three layers independently or increasing the number of driving circuits (driver LSI) in the case of using a switching element. have. Moreover, although the method of overlapping three liquid crystal display devices of a single layer is also possible in principle, there exists a problem that the brightness of a liquid crystal display device cannot be ensured. For example, when three conventional single-layer liquid crystal display devices with switching elements are stacked, since switching elements and wirings are provided in each layer, the decrease in the aperture ratio is remarkable, and sufficient brightness cannot be secured.

In addition, a method is proposed in which all wirings and switching elements are provided on a base substrate, and an electrode column for conducting electrical conduction from the base substrate to pixel electrodes provided corresponding to each liquid crystal layer stacked on the upper layer is provided. It is. In the case of the three-layer laminated structure, the electrode column can be driven by providing the electrode column with respect to four kinds of electrodes of the pixel electrode and the counter electrode of each layer, but for example, the first layer and the first layer are formed from the base substrate into the electrode. The manufacturing process becomes extremely complicated, for example, in the case where electrical conduction with the liquid crystal layer of the third layer is made through the two layers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention has been made on the basis of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a multicolor display liquid crystal display device which is easy to manufacture and highly reliable.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the number of drive electrodes in a multicolor display liquid crystal display having a plurality of liquid crystal layers.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multicolor display liquid crystal display device capable of displaying a multicolor in a single layer structure.

A first point of the present invention is to provide a plurality of types of liquid crystal materials, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material includes a polychromatic dye having a different color, and the liquid crystal material has a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage. It is provided, and at least 1 type of said liquid crystal material provides the display apparatus which has the electro-optical characteristic containing hysteresis.

A second point of the present invention is a plurality of types of liquid crystal material, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material has a different selective reflection wavelength, the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the voltage applied, At least one kind of the liquid crystal material provides a display device having hysteresis in electro-optical characteristics.

The third point of the present invention is to provide a plurality of types of liquid crystal materials, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material includes a polychromatic dye having a different color, and the liquid crystal material has a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage. It is provided, and at least 1 type of said liquid crystal material provides the display apparatus which has a different voltage response characteristic with respect to another liquid crystal material.

The fourth point of the present invention is a plurality of types of liquid crystal material, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material has a different selective reflection wavelength, and the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the multi-color conversion based on the magnitude of the voltage applied It is another object of the present invention to provide a display device having different voltage response characteristics with respect to different liquid crystal materials.

A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a plurality of types of liquid crystal materials, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material comprises a multi-colored pigment having a different color, and the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage The present invention provides a display device in which at least one of the liquid crystal materials has different frequency response characteristics with respect to different liquid crystal materials.

The sixth point of the present invention is that if a plurality of kinds of liquid crystal materials, each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material have different selective reflection wavelengths, and the liquid crystal material is provided with the characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage, It is another object of the present invention to provide a display device having different frequency response characteristics with respect to different liquid crystal materials.

A seventh point of the present invention has a plurality of types of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal droplets containing polychromatic dyes having different colors, respectively, and display in which the color is changed based on the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal droplets. In the device, at least one kind of the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal liquid has a hysteresis in the electro-optical characteristic.

In an eighth aspect of the present invention, a display device including a plurality of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal droplets having different selective reflection wavelengths, respectively, and whose color is changed based on the magnitude of the voltage applied to the voltage in the liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal liquid, At least 1 type of a liquid crystal layer or a liquid crystal liquid has a hysteresis in electro-optical characteristic, The display apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

A ninth point of the invention has a first hysteresis characteristic, a first liquid crystal member capable of displaying a first color, and a second hysteresis characteristic including hysteresis characteristics of the first liquid crystal member, and capable of displaying a second color. A third liquid crystal member having a third hysteresis characteristic including a second liquid crystal member, each of the hysteresis characteristics of the first and second liquid crystal members, and capable of displaying a third color, and each of the first to third liquid crystal members. It is to provide a liquid crystal display device which displays predetermined colors on each of the first to third liquid crystal members by independently applying a predetermined driving voltage.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the first to third liquid crystal members include a driving voltage at which the first liquid crystal member changes from absorption to transmission, d, and a third driving liquid crystal at which the second liquid crystal member changes from absorption to transmission. Is the drive voltage that changes from absorption to transmission f, the drive voltage that the first liquid crystal member changes from transmission to absorption c, the drive voltage that the second liquid crystal member changes from transmission to absorption b and the third liquid crystal member is from transmission to absorption It is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which d <e <f, a <b <c, c <d is satisfied when the driving voltage to be changed is a.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a structure of a multicolor liquid crystal display device to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of a pixel electrode film used to provide a liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a pattern example of a pixel electrode of an intermediate liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another liquid crystal display device of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the transmittance of the liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device having the structures shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 5. FIG.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device having the structures shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device having the structures shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the transmittance of the liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a driving voltage applied to each pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device having the structures shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a liquid crystal display device having a layer structure similar to FIGS. 1 to 12. FIG.

FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 19. FIG.

21 is a diagram showing a driving example for driving pixel A using the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a diagram summarizing the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 21 according to voltage levels. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the transmittance with respect to an applied voltage of a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the structure of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 19 is applied to a liquid crystal display having a six-layer structure.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 27. FIG.

29 to 45 are schematic diagrams showing examples of liquid crystal display devices having different layer structures similar to those of the liquid crystal display devices shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 and 19 to 26, respectively.

FIG. 46 is a schematic view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 or 19 to 26. FIG.

FIG. 47 is a graph showing the characteristic between the drive voltage and the transmittance provided in a liquid crystal material suitable for the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 46;

FIG. 48 is a graph showing a modification of the relationship between the drive voltage and the transmittance provided to the liquid crystal material shown in FIG. 47;

FIG. 49 is a graph showing a modification of the relationship between the drive voltage and the transmittance provided to the liquid crystal material shown in FIG. 47;

FIG. 50 is a graph showing a modification of the relationship between the drive voltage and transmittance provided to the liquid crystal material shown in FIG. 47;

FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the tomographic liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 46;

FIG. 52 (a) is a graph showing the voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

52 (b) is a graph showing the relationship of relative dielectric constant with respect to the frequency of the liquid crystal material having the voltage transmittance shown in FIG. 52 (a).

FIG. 53 (a) is a graph showing the voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 53 (b) is a graph showing the relationship of relative dielectric constant with respect to the frequency of the liquid crystal material having the voltage transmittance shown in FIG. 53 (a).

FIG. 54 (a) is a graph showing the voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 54 (a).

54 (b) is a graph showing the relationship of relative dielectric constant with respect to the frequency of the liquid crystal material having the voltage transmittance shown in FIG. 54 (a).

FIG. 55 is a diagram showing a voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 56 shows a voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 57 is a diagram showing voltage response characteristics with respect to the transmittance of liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 58 is a diagram showing the voltage response characteristics with respect to the transmittance of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 59 is a diagram showing voltage response characteristics with respect to the transmittance of liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

60 is a diagram showing voltage response characteristics of transmittance of a liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 61 (a) is a graph showing the voltage transmittance curve of the liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

FIG. 61 (b) is a graph showing the relationship of relative dielectric constant with respect to the frequency of the liquid crystal material having the voltage transmittance shown in FIG. 61 (a).

FIG. 62 is a diagram showing a voltage transmittance curve of a liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing a voltage transmittance curve of a liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

64 is a diagram showing voltage response characteristics of transmittance of a liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing voltage response characteristics with respect to the transmittance of a liquid crystal material applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 51;

66 to 68 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device different from the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 48 or 51. FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10 liquid crystal display device 10a insulating substrate

10b: opposing substrate 12a, 12b: TFT

22: film

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of this invention is described, referring drawings.

1 shows an example of a liquid crystal display device having a three-layer structure of the present invention.

The three-layer liquid crystal display device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device: 10) shown in FIG. 1 has a substrate 10a formed of a transparent insulating material such as glass and a predetermined parallel to the substrate 10a. It has the opposing board | substrate 10b arrange | positioned opposingly at the space | interval. The opposing substrate 10b is an insulating substrate formed of a material substantially the same as that of the insulating substrate 10a. Moreover, as each board | substrate 10a and 10b, the glass of thickness 1.1mm (henceforth, mm) is used.

적층되어있다.In the insulating substrate 10a, there are two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs.

Are stacked.

스퍼터하고, 두께 2

의 레지스트를 이용하이 ITO의 화소 전극을 패터닝한다. 이 화소 전극은 1 계통의 TFT의 소스 전극과 접속된다.Next, ITO 100

Sputter, thickness 2

The resist of is used to pattern the pixel electrode of ITO. This pixel electrode is connected with the source electrode of 1 type | system | group TFT.

Subsequently, it is crimped with the connecting portion of the film 22 formed in a step shape as described later using FIG. 2 and having electrode patterns corresponding to the ITO pixel electrodes on both surfaces, and the source electrode of the remaining one TFT. . In this case, the position is precisely aligned so that the positional relationship between the ITO pixel electrode formed on the insulating substrate 10a and the electrode pattern formed on the film 22 is arranged within a predetermined error range. In addition, the film 22 uses what has both surfaces electrically conductive.

의 스페이서에 의해, 필름(22)을 절연 기판(10a)에 대해 약 10

의 간격으로 접합시킨다. 다음에, 약 10

의 간격이 제공된 필름(22)과 절연 기판(10a) 사이에, 옐로우의 2색성 색소를 포함하는 액정 재료(24Y)와, 시안의 2색성 색소를 포함하는 액정 재료(24C)를 순번으로 연속하여 주입하고, 시안 액정층과 옐로우 액정층의 겹침 순번이 시안-옐로우, 옐로우-시안과의 1개 걸러 다르면서 겹친 액정층을 형성한다.Next, the thickness 10 formed corresponding to the ITO pixel electrode

Of the film 22 to the insulating substrate 10a by a spacer of

Bond at intervals. About 10

Between the film 22 provided with the space | interval and the insulating board | substrate 10a, the liquid crystal material 24Y containing a yellow dichroic dye and the liquid crystal material 24C containing a cyan dichroic dye are successively sequentially. It inject | pours, and the stacking order of a cyan liquid crystal layer and a yellow liquid crystal layer differs every other with cyan-yellow and yellow-cyan, and forms an overlapping liquid crystal layer.

의 ITO가 스퍼터된 대향 기판(10b)의 ITO 측에, 마젠타의 2색성 색소를 포함하는 액정 재료가 소정량 분산된 PVA 수지층(24M)을 인쇄에 의해 10

를 형성한 후, 시안층(24C)과 옐로우(24Y)가 형성된 필름(22)에 마젠타 액정층(24M)이 대향하도록 대향 기판(10b)을 서로 겹친다.Continue, thickness 20

The PVA resin layer 24M in which a predetermined amount of liquid crystal material containing a dichroic dye of magenta is dispersed is printed on the ITO side of the opposing substrate 10b on which the ITO is sputtered.

After forming C, the counter substrate 10b is overlapped with each other so that the magenta liquid crystal layer 24M faces the film 22 on which the cyan layer 24C and the yellow 24Y are formed.

Each liquid crystal layer 24Y, 24C, and 24M is provided with voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. Therefore, the driving voltage shown in FIG. 15 can be driven similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the driver IC is mounted by a COG (chip on glass) method, and the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the 2.5 V, -2.5 V, 5 V, and -5 V described later using FIG. By applying the driving voltage, the contrast could display a predetermined color of about 3: 1.

FIG. 3 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that shown in FIG.

적층되어 있다.The liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 3 has two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel and an unillustrated gate electrode and signal line corresponding to each TFT on the insulating substrate 10a, and P1 (polyimide) 2

It is stacked.

Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, 100 nm of aluminum is deposited, and the aluminum reflective electrode is patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode is connected to the source electrode of the TFT of one system.

의 전극주(32)를 형성한다.Subsequently, the height is increased by copper plating to the remaining one system TFT.

Electrode column 32 is formed.

형성한다.Next, the PVA resin layer 34Y in which a predetermined amount of yellow GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed was 10.

Form.

Subsequently, ITO is sputtered with a thickness of 20 nm, and is patterned in an electrode pattern as described later using FIG. 4 to form a first ITO film 36.

형성한다.Next, conduction is conducted between the protruding pattern portion 36a of the ITO film 36 and the electrode column 32 shown in FIG. 4, and a predetermined amount of magenta GH microcapsule liquid crystal is dispersed on the first ITO film 36. 10 PVA resin layer (34M)

Form.

After ITO is sputtered at a thickness of 20 nm, the second ITO film 38 is formed by patterning, and conduction is conducted between the electrode column 32 and the second ITO film 38.

형성한다.Subsequently, the PVA resin layer 34C in which the cyan GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed in a predetermined amount was 10.

Form.

On this, the counter substrate 10b, in which ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm, is opposed to the ITO and the PVA resin layer so as to be in contact with each other.

Each of the liquid crystal layers 34Y, 34C, and 34M is provided with voltage transmittance characteristics described later in FIG. Therefore, it can drive by the combination of the drive voltage shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the contrast was able to display a predetermined color of about 3: 1 by applying the driving voltage of the combination shown in FIG. 15 between the electrodes.

As shown in FIG. 5, a color liquid crystal display device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device 10) including three liquid crystal layers includes a substrate 10a formed of a transparent insulating material such as glass, and the like. It has the opposing board | substrate 10b parallel with respect to the board | substrate 10a, and opposingly arranged by predetermined space | interval. The opposing substrate 10b is an insulating substrate formed of a material substantially the same as that of the insulating substrate 10a. In addition, as each board | substrate 10a and 10b, the glass of thickness 1.1mm (henceforth, mm) is used.

라 표시함) 적층한다.Hereinafter, two systems of thin-film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs: 12a and 12b) per pixel on the surface of the insulating substrate 10a on the side opposite to the opposite substrate 10b and the respective TFTs are not shown. A gate electrode and a signal line are formed, and P1 (polyimide) is 2 micrometers (hereinafter,

Lamination).

Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, the TFT is removed, and 100 nm of aluminum is deposited to pattern the pixel electrode (aluminum reflective electrode). The aluminum reflecting electrode is connected to the source electrode of one system of TFTs.

의 전극주(54a)를 형성한다.Subsequently, the remaining one system TFT is height 10 by copper plating.

Electrode column 54a is formed.

의 필름(56a)을 화소 패턴에 합해 형성된 두께 10

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서와 함께 기판(10a)과 접합시킨다. 또, 필름(50a)은 양면에 형성된 화소 전극 상호를 화소 단위로 도통 가능하게 하기 위해, 화소에 대응하는 영역의 일부에 도전성 입자가 함유된 것이 이용된다.Next, ITO is sputtered with 20 nanometers (hereinafter referred to as nm) on both surfaces, so that the pixel electrode is patterned to a thickness of 100.

Formed by combining the film 56a with the pixel pattern

It joins to the board | substrate 10a with the spacer which is not shown in figure. Moreover, in the film 50a, in order to enable conduction of the pixel electrodes mutually formed in both surfaces by a pixel unit, what contained electroconductive particle in a part of the area | region corresponding to a pixel is used.

의 스페이서와 함께, 미리 기판(10a)에 첨부된 필름(56a)에 서로 겹친다. 또, 필름(56a)에 형성된 화소 패턴과 필름(56b)에 형성된 화소 패턴은 절연 기판(10a)의 면 방향과 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 적어도 일부가 겹치도록 배치된다. 이 경우, 각각의 화소 패턴이 겹치는 영역에만, 도전성을 갖는 스페이서(54b)가 이용된다. 다음에, 화소 패턴과 대응된 두께 10

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 이용하고, 두께 20nm의 ITO가 스퍼터된 대향 기판(10b)을 ITO가 스퍼터된 면과 필름(56b)이 대향하도록 서로 겹친다.Subsequently, the film 56b having pixel electrodes formed on both surfaces of the film 56b on the both sides by ITO having a thickness of 20 nm was used to have a thickness of 10 corresponding to the pixel pattern.

With the spacer of, it overlaps each other on the film 56a attached to the board | substrate 10a previously. In addition, the pixel pattern formed in the film 56a and the pixel pattern formed in the film 56b are arranged so that at least a part overlaps in the state seen from the direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the insulated substrate 10a. In this case, the conductive spacer 54b is used only in the region where each pixel pattern overlaps. Next, the thickness 10 corresponding to the pixel pattern

Using a spacer (not shown), the opposite substrate 10b sputtered with ITO having a thickness of 20 nm is overlapped so that the surface on which the ITO sputtered and the film 56b face each other.

Hereinafter, yellow GH (guest host containing a dichroic dye) between the substrate 10a and the film 56a, between the film 56a and the film 56b, and between the film 56b and the substrate 10b, respectively. The type liquid crystal material 58Y, the cyan GH type liquid crystal material 58C, and the magenta GH type liquid crystal material 58M are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Each liquid crystal material 58Y, 58C and 58M is provided with voltage transmittance characteristics described later by FIG. That is, each liquid crystal material has a threshold voltage of 2.5 volts (hereinafter referred to as V) and a saturation voltage of 5V. By using a TCP (tape carrier package) method, a driver IC is mounted, and drive voltages of 2.5V, -2.5V, 5V, and -5V are applied between the electrodes as described later using FIG. 15. , A predetermined color can be displayed. The drive voltage is preferably reversed in polarity for each frame period. However, when the combination of the drive voltages shown in FIG. 15 is used, the drive voltage can be efficiently driven simply by changing the polarity (but not changing the absolute value). .

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the contrast can display a predetermined color of about 2: 1.

6 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure different from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

적층한다.In the insulating engine 10a, a first TFT 12a, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) are formed, and titanium oxide is 100.

Laminated.

스퍼터하고, 두께 2

의 레지스트를 이용하여 전극주 방향의 전극주 홀을 패터닝한다. 이 전극주 홀에, 두께 10

의 전극주(62)를 형성하고, 제1TFT(12a)의 소스 전극과 접속한다.Next, ITO 100

Sputter, thickness 2

The electrode main hole in the electrode main direction is patterned using the resist of. In this electrode main hole, thickness 10

An electrode column 62 is formed and connected to the source electrode of the first TFT 12a.

의 필름(64a)을 화소 전극과 전극주(62)가 도통하도록, 두께 10

의 스페이서를 끼워 서로 겹친다. 또, 필름(64a)의 양면의 화소 전극은 서로 번갈아 도통이 취해져 있는 것을 이용한다.Next, ITO is sputtered with a thickness of 20 nm and a thickness of 50 with pixel electrodes patterned on both sides.

The thickness of 10 so that the pixel electrode and the electrode column 62 conduct the film 64a of the film 64a

Insert spacers and overlap each other. In addition, the pixel electrodes of both surfaces of the film 64a alternately use conduction.

Next, a second TFT 12b, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) are formed on the counter electrode 10b, and the pixel electrode is patterned by sputtering ITO having a predetermined thickness.

스퍼터된 필름(64b)을 두께 10

의 스페이서를 끼워 대향 전극(10b)에 접합시킨다.After this, ITO thickness 50 on both sides

Sputtered film 64b to thickness 10

Spacers are sandwiched and joined to the counter electrode 10b.

의 접착 스페이서에 의해 각각 필름 측이 서로 번갈아 향하도록 접합시킨다.Next, the insulating substrate 10a and the opposing substrate 10b are each 10 in thickness.

Each side of the film is bonded to each other alternately by an adhesive spacer of.

A liquid crystal material containing a yellow dichroic dye between each of the substrate 10a and the film 64a thus formed, between the film 64a and the film 64b and between the film 64b and the substrate 10b ( 66Y), the liquid crystal material 66C containing the cyan dichroic dye, and the liquid crystal material 66M containing the dichroic dye of magenta are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer. Each liquid crystal layer 66Y, 66C, and 66M is provided with voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. 13, respectively.

Hereinafter, the driver IC is mounted using the COG method, the potentials on both sides of the film 64b are set to the same potential, and the predetermined drive voltage shown in FIG. 16 is applied between the three opposite electrodes, thereby providing contrast. A predetermined color of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

FIG. 7 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that described above.

의 P1(폴리이미드)층을 형성한다.Two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs are formed on the insulating substrate 10a similar to that used in the color liquid crystal display shown in FIG. , Thickness 2

To form a P1 (polyimide) layer.

Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, aluminum is deposited at 100 nm to pattern the aluminum reflective electrode (pixel electrode), and is connected to the source electrode of one system of TFTs.

의 전극주(72)를 형성한다.Subsequently, height 10 is increased by copper plating on the remaining one system TFT.

Electrode column 72 is formed.

스퍼터되어, 전극주(72)의 패턴에 합해 펀칭에 의해 구멍이 뚫려짐과 동시에, 화소 전극이 패터닝된 두께 100

의 필름(74a)을 두께 10

의 스페이서를 통해 기판(10a)과 접합시킨다. 또, 필름(74a)은 양면에 형성된 화소 전극 상호를 화소 단위로 도통 가능하게 하기 위해, 화소에 대응하는 영역의 일부에 도전성 입자가 함유된 것이 이용된다.Next, ITO thickness 50 on both sides

Sputtered, punched in accordance with the pattern of the electrode column 72 by punching, and the thickness of the pixel electrode patterned 100

Film 74a thickness 10

It is bonded to the substrate 10a through a spacer of. Moreover, in the film 74a, in order to enable conduction of the pixel electrodes mutually formed in both surfaces by a pixel unit, what contained electroconductive particle in a part of the area | region corresponding to a pixel is used.

Here, an electrode column (not shown) formed of a conductive member is embedded in the spherical part, and an insulator is injected into the surroundings.

의 필름(74b)을 두께 10

의 스페이서를 통해 이미 기판(10a)과 접합되어있는 필름(74a)에 서로 겹친다. 또, 필름(74b)의 각각의 면에 형성(패터닝)된 화소전극은 서로 번갈아, 예를 들면 스루 홀 등에 의해 도통이 확보된다. 또, 화소 전극은 필름(74b)의 면 방향에 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 전극주(72)와 겹친 패턴으로 형성되어, 도전성이 제공된 스페이서에 의해 전극주(72) 사이의 도통이 확보된다.Next, ITO is sputtered on both sides by a thickness of 20 nm, and the pixel electrode is patterned to a thickness of 100.

Film 74b thickness 10

It overlaps each other on the film 74a which is already bonded with the board | substrate 10a through the spacer of. The pixel electrodes formed (patterned) on the respective surfaces of the film 74b are alternately secured to each other by, for example, through holes or the like. In addition, the pixel electrode is formed in a pattern overlapping with the electrode column 72 in the state viewed from the direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the film 74b, so that conduction between the electrode column 72 is ensured by a spacer provided with conductivity.

의 ITO가 스퍼터된 대향 기판(10b)를 ITO막과 필름(74b)이 대향하도록 서로 겹친다.Next, thickness 50

The opposite substrate 10b on which the ITO is sputtered is overlapped with each other such that the ITO film and the film 74b face each other.

Hereinafter, a liquid crystal material 76Y containing a yellow dichroic dye between the substrate 10a and the film 74a, between the film 74a and the film 74b, and between the film 74b and the substrate 10b, respectively. The liquid crystal material 76C containing the dichroic dye of cyan and the liquid crystal material 76M containing the dichroic dye of magenta are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by the vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Each liquid crystal layer 76Y, 76C, and 76M is provided with voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. In addition, in the Example shown in FIG. 7, each electrode and layer structure is simplified rather than what was shown in FIG. For this reason, predetermined color can be displayed by applying the drive voltage as mentioned later using FIG.

Hereinafter, the driver IC is mounted using the TCP method, and the contrast can display a predetermined color of about 2: 1 by applying the driving voltage of the combination shown in FIG. 16 between the electrodes.

8 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

적층한다.On the insulating substrate 10a, two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed, and P1 is 2

Laminated.

Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, the TFT is removed, and 100 nm of aluminum is deposited to pattern the pixel electrode (aluminum reflective electrode). The aluminum reflecting electrode is connected to the source electrode of one system of TFTs.

의 전극주(82)를 형성한다.Subsequently, the height is increased by copper plating to the remaining one system TFT.

Electrode column 82 is formed.

형성한다.Next, a PVA resin layer 84Y in which a predetermined amount of yellow GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed was 10.

Form.

Thereafter, the ITO is sputtered with a thickness of 20 nm, the ITO is patterned so that the electrode column 82 does not come into contact with the ITO, and the first ITO film 86 is formed.

형성한다.Next, the PVA resin layer 84C in which the cyan GH type microcapsule liquid crystal is dispersed in a predetermined amount is 10;

Form.

After ITO is sputtered with a thickness of 20 nm, the ITO is patterned so that the electrode column 82 and ITO do not contact each other to form a second ITO film 88. In addition, the second ITO film 88 and the electrode column 82 are secured (electrically connected) by a pattern material (not shown).

형성한다.Next, the PVA resin layer 84M in which the magenta GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed in a predetermined amount was 10.

Form.

On this, the counter substrate 10b, in which ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm, is opposed to the ITO and the PVA resin layer so as to be in contact with each other.

Each liquid crystal layer 84Y, 84C and 84M is provided with the voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the contrast was able to display a predetermined color of about 2: 1 by applying the predetermined drive voltage shown in FIG. 14 between the electrodes.

9 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

적층한다.On the insulating substrate 10a, two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel, gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs are formed, and P1 is 2

Laminated.

을 증착하여 화소 전극(알루미늄 반사 전극)을 패터닝한다. 계속해서, 각각의 TFT에 동 도금에 의해 높이 10

의 전극주(92a,92b)를 형성한다.Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, and the TFT is removed to obtain aluminum.

Is deposited to pattern the pixel electrode (aluminum reflective electrode). Subsequently, height 10 by copper plating in each TFT

Electrode lines 92a and 92b are formed.

스퍼터되어, 한쪽 TFT(여기에서는 12a라 함)로부터의 전극주(92a)의 패턴에 대응됨과 동시에, 펀칭에 의해 구멍이 뚫려지고, 또 화소 전극이 패터닝된 두께 100μm의 필름(94a)를 두께 10

의 스페이서에 의해 기판(10a)과 접합한다. 또, 구멍 부분에는 도전성 부재로 형성된 전극주를 매립하고, 주위에 절연물을 주입한다. 또, 필름(94a)에 형성된 화소 전극과 나머지 전극주(92b)가 전기적으로 접속된다. 여기에서, 필름(94a)은 양면에 형성된 화소 전극상호를 화소 단위로 도통 가능하게 하기 위해, 화소에 대응하는 영역의 일부에 도전성 입자가 함유된 것이 이용된다.Next, ITO thickness 10 on both sides

Sputtered to correspond to the pattern of the electrode column 92a from one TFT (herein referred to as 12a), and the film 94a having a thickness of 100 µm in which a hole was punched by punching and the pixel electrode was patterned was 10 thicknesses.

The substrate 10a is bonded to the substrate 10a by the spacer. In addition, an electrode column formed of a conductive member is embedded in the hole portion, and an insulator is injected into the periphery. In addition, the pixel electrode formed on the film 94a and the remaining electrode column 92b are electrically connected to each other. Here, in the film 94a, in order to enable conduction of pixel electrode interconnections formed on both surfaces in pixel units, those containing conductive particles are used in part of a region corresponding to the pixel.

의 필름(94b)을 두께 10

의 스페이서를 통해 이미 기판(10a)과 접합되어 있는 필름(94a)에 서로 겹친다. 또, 화소 전극은 필름(94b)의 면 방향에 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 전극주(92a)와 겹친 패턴으로 형성되고, 도전성이 제공된 스페이서에 의해 전극주(92) 사이의 도통이 확보된다.Next, ITO is sputtered on both sides by a thickness of 20 nm, and the pixel electrode is patterned to a thickness of 100.

Film 94b thickness 10

They overlap each other on the film 94a, which is already bonded to the substrate 10a through a spacer of. In addition, the pixel electrode is formed in a pattern overlapping with the electrode column 92a in a state viewed from the direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the film 94b, and conduction between the electrode column 92 is ensured by a spacer provided with conductivity.

의 ITO가 스퍼터된 대향 기판(10b)을 ITO막과 필름(94b)이 대향하도록 서로 겹친다.On top of this, thickness 50

The substrate 10b on which the ITO is sputtered is overlapped with each other so that the ITO film and the film 94b face each other.

Hereinafter, the liquid crystal material 96Y containing yellow dichroic dye between the board | substrate 10a and the film 94a, between the film 94a and the film 94b, and between the film 94b and the board | substrate 10b, respectively. The liquid crystal material 96C containing a dichroic dye of cyan and the liquid crystal material 96M containing a dichroic dye of magenta are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by the vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer. Each of the liquid crystal layers 96Y, 96C and 96M is provided with the voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. In this case, a predetermined color can be displayed by applying a driving voltage as described later using FIG. 17 from the characteristics of the electrode and the layer structure.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the contrast was able to display a predetermined color of about 3: 1 by applying driving suppression of the combination shown in FIG. 17 between the electrodes.

FIG. 10 illustrates a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure different from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

적층한다.Two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel are formed on the insulating substrate 10a, gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs, and P1 is 2

Laminated.

증착하여 공통 반사 전극을 패터닝한다.Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, and the TFT is removed to obtain aluminum.

Deposition to pattern the common reflective electrode.

의 전극주(102)를 형성한다.Subsequently, height 10 is increased by copper plating on the remaining one system TFT.

Electrode column 102 is formed.

스퍼터되어, 화소 전극이 패터닝된 두께 100

의 필름(104a)을 두께 10

의 스페이서에 의해 기판(10a)과 접합시킨다. 또, 화소 전극은 필름(1043)의 면 방향에 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 전극주(102)와 서로 겹치도록 형성되고, 도전성이 제공된 스페이서에 의해 전극주(102) 사이의 도통이 확보된다. 또, 필름(104a)은 양면에 형성된 화소 전극 상호를 화소 단위로 도통 가능하게 하기 위해, 화소에 대응하는 영역의 일부에 도전성 입자가 함유된 것이 이용된다.Next, ITO thickness 50 on both sides

Sputtered, Thickness 100 with Pixel Electrodes Patterned

Film 104a thickness 10

The substrate 10a is bonded to the substrate 10a by the spacer. Further, the pixel electrode is formed so as to overlap with the electrode column 102 in the state viewed from the direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the film 1043, and the conduction between the electrode column 102 is ensured by the spacer provided with electroconductivity. Moreover, in the film 104a, in order to enable conduction of the pixel electrodes mutually formed in both surfaces to each pixel, the thing in which electroconductive particle was contained in a part of the area | region corresponding to a pixel is used.

의 스페이서를 통해 이미 기판(10a)과 접합되어 있는 필름(104a)에 서로 겹친다. 또, 화소 전극은 필름(104b)의 면 방향에 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 하층의 화소 전극의 인접한 화소 전극과 서로 겹치는 패턴으로 형성되어, 도전성이 제공된 스페이서를 통해 화소 전극 상호간의 도통이 확보된다.Next, ITO was sputtered on both sides with a thickness of 20 nm, and the film 104b having a thickness of 10 μm with the pixel electrode patterned was 10 thick.

They overlap each other on the film 104a already bonded to the substrate 10a through a spacer of. In addition, the pixel electrodes are formed in a pattern overlapping each other with adjacent pixel electrodes of the lower pixel electrodes in a state viewed in a direction orthogonal to the plane direction of the film 104b, so as to ensure electrical connection between the pixel electrodes through spacers provided with conductivity. .

의 ITO가 스퍼터된 대향 기판(10b)을 ITO막과 필름(104b)과 대향하도록 서로 겹친다.On top of this, thickness 50

The opposing substrate 10b on which the ITO is sputtered is overlapped with each other so as to face the ITO film and the film 104b.

Hereinafter, a liquid crystal material containing a yellow dichroic dye and a chiral agent, respectively, between the substrate 10a and the film 104a, between the film 104a and the film 104b, and between the film 104b and the substrate 10b. 106y, a liquid crystal material 106c containing a dichroic dye of cyan and a chiral agent, and a liquid crystal material 86M containing a dichroic dye of a magenta and a chiral agent are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by each vertical liquid crystal layer by a vertical alignment process. Each liquid crystal layer 106y, 106c, and 106M is provided with the voltage transmittance characteristics shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the contrast was able to display a predetermined color of about 2: 1 by applying the driving voltage of the combination shown in FIG. 17 between the electrodes.

11 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that described above.

의 두께로 증착한다.For each pixel of the three liquid crystal layers on the insulating substrate 10a, two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel, gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs are formed, and titanium oxide is formed. 100

To a thickness of.

스퍼터하여 2 화소 공통 전극을 패터닝한다. 여기에서, 2화소 공통 전극과 1계통의 TFT의 소스 전극을 접속한다. 계속해서, 나머지 1계통의 TFT에 동 도금에 의해 높이 10

의 전극주(114a)를 형성한다.Next, ITO 50

Sputtering is performed to pattern the two pixel common electrode. Here, the two pixel common electrode and the source electrode of one series of TFTs are connected. Subsequently, height 10 is increased by copper plating on the remaining one system TFT.

An electrode column 114a is formed.

스퍼터되어, 2화소 공통 전극이 패터닝된 두께 100

의 필름(116a)을 두께 100

의 스페이서를 이용하여 기판(10a)에 접합한다. 여기에서, 필름(116a)은 양면에 형성된 화소 전극 상호를 화소 단위로 도통 가능하게 하기 위해, 화소에 대응하는 영역의 일부에 도전성 입자가 함유된 것이 이용된다.Next, ITO 50 on both sides

Sputtered and 100 Thicknessed with Two-Pixel Common Electrode Patterned

Film 116a thickness 100

Is bonded to the substrate 10a using a spacer of. Here, in the film 116a, the conductive particles are contained in a part of the region corresponding to the pixel in order to enable conduction between the pixel electrodes formed on both surfaces in pixel units.

스퍼터하여, 2화소 공통 전극을 패터닝한다. 다음에, 2화소 공통 전극과 1계통의 TFT의 소스 전극을 접속한다. 다음에, 나머지 1계통의 TFT에 동 도금에 의해 높이 10

의 전극주(114b)를 형성한다.Next, two systems of TFTs 12c and 12d per pixel, a gate electrode and a signal line corresponding to each TFT are formed in the counter electrode 106b, and 10 ITO is formed.

By sputtering, a two pixel common electrode is patterned. Next, the two pixel common electrode and the source electrode of one system of TFTs are connected. Next, the height of the remaining 10 system TFTs is increased by copper plating.

An electrode column 114b is formed.

스퍼터되어, 2화소 공통 전극이 패터닝된 두께 100

의 필름(116b)을 화소 패턴에 대응된 두께 10

의 스페이서를 이용하여 기판(10b)에 접합시킨다. 또, 필름(116b)의 각각의 면에 형성된 화소 전극은 서로 번갈아 도통이 확보된다. 또, 화소 전극은 필름(116b)의 면 방향에 직교하는 방향에서 본 상태에서 전극주(114b)와 겹친 패턴으로 형성되어, 도전성이 제공된 스페이서에 의해 전극주(114b) 사이의 도통이 확보된다.Next, ITO 50 on both sides

Sputtered and 100 Thicknessed with Two-Pixel Common Electrode Patterned

The thickness of the film 116b corresponding to the pixel pattern 10

The spacer is bonded to the substrate 10b. In addition, conduction is secured alternately between the pixel electrodes formed on the respective surfaces of the film 116b. In addition, the pixel electrode is formed in a pattern overlapping with the electrode column 114b in a state viewed from the direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the film 116b, so that conduction between the electrode column 114b is secured by a spacer provided with conductivity.

의 접착 스페이서에 의해 각각 필름폭이 서로 번갈아 향하도록 접합시킨다.Next, the insulating substrate 10a and the opposing substrate 10b are each 10 in thickness.

The adhesive spacers are bonded to each other so that the film widths alternately face each other.

A liquid crystal material containing a yellow dichroic dye between each of the substrate 10a and the film 116b thus formed, between the film 116a and the film 116b and between the film 116b and the substrate 10b ( 118y), the liquid crystal material 118c containing the dichroic dye of cyan, and the liquid crystal material 118M containing the dichroic dye of magenta are injected. Moreover, the liquid crystal material and orientation direction of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way are also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Here, each of the liquid crystal layers 116y, 116c, and 116M is provided with a voltage transmittance characteristic of threshold voltage of 4V and saturation voltage of 6V as described later with reference to FIG. 18, and described later with reference to FIG. By applying driving voltages of 2V, 6V, 8V, 10V, 12V, 14V, 18V, and 20V in a predetermined combination, a predetermined color can be displayed on a total of six pixels of three-layer pixel x 2 lines.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and a predetermined color with a contrast of about 2: 1 could be displayed by applying the driving voltage shown in FIG. 15 between each electrode.

12 illustrates a liquid crystal display device provided with the above-described various liquid crystal display devices and another layer structure.

적층한다.On the insulating substrate 10a, two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed, and P1 is 2

Laminated.

의 전극주(122)를 형성한다. 또, 나머지 TFT(12b)에 동 도금에 의해 높이 20

의 전극주(124)를 형성한다.Next, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, the TFT is removed, and 100 nm of aluminum is deposited to pattern the pixel electrode (aluminum reflective electrode). The aluminum reflection electrode and the source electrode of one system of TFTs 12a were connected, and copper plating was carried out by 30

Electrode column 122 is formed. Moreover, height 20 by copper plating to the remaining TFT 12b.

An electrode column 124 is formed.

형성하고, 스퍼터에 의해 전극주의 영역을 제거하여 두께 20nm의 제1ITO(128a)를 형성한다.Next, the PVA resin layer 126y in which a predetermined amount of liquid crystal material containing a yellow dichroic dye was dispersed was 10.

And the region of the electrode circumference is removed by a sputter to form the first ITO 128a having a thickness of 20 nm.

형성하고, 스퍼터에 의해 두께 20nm의 ITO(128b)를 형성한다. 여기에서, 높이 20

의 전극주(124)와 ITO(128b)를 접속한다.Subsequently, the PVA resin layer 126c in which a predetermined amount of liquid crystal material containing cyan dichroic dye was dispersed was 10.

And ITO 128b having a thickness of 20 nm is formed by sputtering. Here, height 20

The electrode column 124 and the ITO 128b are connected.

형성하고, ITO가 20nm 두께로 스퍼터되어 화소 전극이 패터닝된 대향 기판(10b)을 서로 겹쳐, 30

의 전극주(122)와 ITO와의 도통을 확보한다. 또, 각 액정층(126y, 126c 및 126M)에는 제13도에 도시한 전압 투과율 특성이 제공되어 있다.Next, a PVA resin layer 126M having a predetermined amount dispersed in a liquid crystal material containing a dichroic dye of magenta is 10;

And the ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm to overlap the opposite substrates 10b on which the pixel electrodes are patterned, 30

Conduction between the electrode column 122 and the ITO. Each liquid crystal layer 126y, 126c, and 126M is provided with the voltage transmittance characteristic shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, a driver IC is mounted using the TCP method, and the driving voltage shown in FIG. 15 is applied between each electrode, so that a predetermined color of contrast of about 3: 1 is displayed on six pixels in total in two systems x three layers. Could.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a color liquid crystal display device (hereinafter simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device) including three liquid crystal layers shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 19, a color liquid crystal display device (hereinafter referred to as a liquid crystal display device) including three liquid crystal layers includes a first substrate 10a formed of a transparent insulating material such as glass, and the like. It has the 2nd board | substrate 10b parallel with respect to the 1st board | substrate 10a, and opposingly arranged by predetermined space | interval.

The second substrate 10b is an insulating substrate formed of a material substantially the same as that of the insulating first substrate 10a. In this embodiment, as each of the substrates 10a and 10b, a glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm (hereinafter referred to as mm) is used.

Subsequently, thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs: 12a and 12b) corresponding to one pixel on the surfaces of the first and second substrates 10a and 10b facing each other, respectively, and not shown corresponding to the respective TFTs. A gate electrode and a signal line are formed.

On this, 20 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) is stacked and patterned to form pixel electrodes 194a and 194b. The pixel electrodes 194a and 194b are connected to the source electrodes of the TFTs 12a and 12b provided correspondingly, respectively.

Subsequently, a transparent insulating material having a thickness of 0.5 mm, for example, a glass substrate 196 is prepared. Through holes are formed in the glass substrate 196 for every two pixel pitches, and a conductive member, for example, copper plating 198 is embedded in the through holes.

Subsequently, ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm on both surfaces of the glass substrate 196 to pattern the common electrode 199 for two pixels.

The common electrode 199 for two pixels is formed on both surfaces of the glass substrate 197 having a thickness of 0.5 mm prepared otherwise.

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합시키고, 또 두께 1.1mm의 글라스 기판(10b)과 두께 0.5mm의 글라스 기판(197)을 두께 10

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합시킴으로써, 2조의 셀을 형성한다.Subsequently, the glass substrate 210a having a thickness of 1.1 mm and the glass substrate 196 having a thickness of 0.5 mm were made to have a thickness of 10 mm.

The glass substrate 10b of thickness 1.1mm and the glass substrate 197 of thickness 0.5mm were bonded to each other through a spacer (not shown).

By joining through the spacer which is not shown in figure, two sets of cells are formed.

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 조합하여, 3층의 셀을 형성한다. 이 2조에 셀을 조합시킬 때에, 글라스 기판(196,197)에 형성된 공통 전극(199)은 각각 1화소 분이 서로 겹치도록 배치하고 있다.Subsequently, the two sets of cells formed were

The three layers of cells are formed by combining through a spacer (not shown). When the cells are combined into these two sets, the common electrodes 199 formed on the glass substrates 196 and 197 are arranged so that one pixel overlaps with each other.

Subsequently, yellow GH (bichromatic) is formed between the glass substrate 10a and the glass substrate 196, between the glass substrate 196 and the glass substrate 197, and between the glass substrate 197 and the glass substrate 10b. A guest host) type liquid crystal material 195y containing a dye and a chiral agent, a cyan GH type liquid crystal material 195C, and a magenta GH type liquid crystal material 195M are injected.

Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Subsequently, the driver IC is mounted using the TAB (tape automated bonding) technique.

Next, the driving method of this liquid crystal display device is demonstrated.

FIG. 20 shows an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 19. As shown in FIG.

In Fig. 20, the liquid crystal layer of each layer for one pixel is replaced with a capacitor having the same capacitance.

In the liquid crystal display as shown in FIG. 20, when driving only a pixel of a specific liquid crystal layer, for example, pixel A shown in FIG. 21, by sharing some potentials as shown in FIG. It is possible to apply a voltage to the pixel A preferentially.

FIG. 22 shows the arrangement of capacitors based on the commonized potential shown in FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing voltage optical characteristics showing the transmittance with respect to the applied voltage of the liquid crystal material used in this embodiment.

In the case of the liquid crystal display device having such a structure, a voltage cannot be applied to only a specific pixel and a slight voltage is applied to other pixels. Thus, the threshold optical characteristic of the liquid crystal material used is shown in FIG. A steep slope is required. The steepness of this threshold characteristic is dependent on the number of pixels which are commonly driven and collectively driven. This is equivalent to that in which the required threshold characteristic differs depending on the number of driving in the case of multi-pressing driving.

In the case of FIG. 22, when voltage V is applied between both terminals, a voltage of (33/56) V is selectively applied to pixel A, whereas pixel B, to which a large amount of voltage is applied next, is applied (11/56). Only a voltage of V is applied.

When the voltage applied between both terminals is 5.6V, a voltage of 3.3V is applied to the pixel A, and a voltage of 1.1V is applied to the pixel B. At this time, as shown in the voltage transmittance curve in FIG. 23, the pixel A is on, whereas the pixel B is off as a result.

In this way, it is possible to selectively drive a specific pixel.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, when the potentials of the common electrodes formed on both surfaces of the glass substrates 196 and 197 are the same, and a voltage is selectively applied between the three opposite electrodes, the contrast is about 2: A predetermined color of 1 could be displayed well.

24 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

TFT 12a and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs are formed on the insulating substrate 10a similar to that used for the color liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공한 후, 반사 전극으로서 기능하는 알루미늄을 100nm 증착하며, 화소 반사 전극(242)을 패터닝한다. 이 화소 전극(242)은 대응하여 설치된 TFT(12a)의 소스 전극에 접속한다.On this, polyimide (P1) is 2

After laminating and dimple-processing the surface by mold pressure, 100 nm of aluminum which functions as a reflective electrode is vapor-deposited, and the pixel reflective electrode 242 is patterned. This pixel electrode 242 is connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12a provided correspondingly.

Similarly, the insulating substrate 10b is also provided with a TFT 12b corresponding to one pixel and a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) corresponding to each TFT. 30 nm of ITO is stacked and patterned on the transparent pixel electrode 244b. This pixel electrode 244b is connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12b provided correspondingly.

의 투명한 절연 재료, 예를 들면 투명 필름(246)을 준비한다. 이 투명 필름(246)의 양면에 ITO가 두께 50nm로 스퍼터되어, 2화소 분의 공통 전극(249)을 패터닝한다.In the thickness of 100

, A transparent insulating material, for example, a transparent film 246 is prepared. ITO is sputtered to 50 nm in thickness on both surfaces of this transparent film 246, and the common electrode 249 for two pixels is patterned.

Subsequently, through holes are formed in the transparent film 246 having the common electrode 249 formed on both surfaces thereof, for example, by punching every two pixel pitches, and the conductive electrode column 241 is embedded in the through holes.

의 투명 필름(247)의 양면에, 마찬가지의 공정으로 2화소 분의 공통 전극(249) 및 도전성의 전극주(241)를 형성한다.In addition, thickness 100 prepared otherwise

The common electrode 249 and the electroconductive electrode column 241 for two pixels are formed in the same process on both surfaces of the transparent film 247 of this invention.

의 투명 필름(246)을 두께 10

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합시키고, 또 두께 1.1mm의 글라스 기판(10b)와 두께 100

의 투명 필름(247)을 두께 10

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합함으로써, 2조의 셀을 형성한다.Subsequently, the glass substrate 10a having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a thickness of 100 were obtained.

Transparent film 246 thickness 10

Bonded through a spacer (not shown), and the glass substrate 10b having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a thickness of 100.

Transparent film 247 thickness 10

By joining through the spacer which is not shown in figure, two sets of cells are formed.

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 조합하여 3층의 셀을 형성한다. 이 2조에 셀을 조합시킬 때, 투명 필름(246,247)에 형성된 공통 전극(249)은 각각 1화소 분이 서로 겹치도록 배치하고 있다.Subsequently, the two sets of cells formed were

Cells of three layers are formed by combining through a spacer (not shown). When the cells are combined into these two sets, the common electrodes 249 formed on the transparent films 246 and 247 are arranged so that one pixel overlaps each other.

Subsequently, yellow GH (dichroic dye) is formed between the glass substrate 10a and the transparent film 246, between the transparent film 246 and the transparent film 247, and between the transparent film 247 and the glass substrate 10b. And a guest host) type liquid crystal material 245Y containing a chiral agent, a cyan GH type liquid crystal material 245C, and a magenta GH type liquid crystal material 245M. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Subsequently, the driver IC is mounted using the TAB method. Incidentally, the driving method of this liquid crystal display device is as described in the first embodiment.

In this example shown in FIG. 24, when the potentials of the common electrodes on both sides of the transparent films 216 and 217 are set to the same potential, and a voltage is selectively applied between three opposing electrodes, the contrast is about 3: 1. Predetermined color was able to be displayed favorably.

FIG. 25 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that shown in FIG. 19 and FIG.

적층한다.Two systems of TFTs 12a and 12b per pixel and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to the respective TFTs are formed on the insulating substrate 10a similar to that used for the color liquid crystal display shown in FIG. , PI 2

Laminated.

Subsequently, the surface is dimpled by mold pressure, 100 nm of aluminum is deposited, and the aluminum reflective electrode 20 is patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode 251 is connected to the source electrode of the one system TFT 12a.

의 전극주(252)를 형성한다.Subsequently, the height of the remaining one system TFT 12b is 70 by copper plating.

Electrode column 252 is formed.

In addition, 30 nm of ITO is laminated | stacked on the insulating substrate 210b, and the transparent pixel electrode 254b is formed by patterning.

의 투명한 절연 재료, 예를 들면 투명 필름(256)을 준비한다. 이 투명 필름(256)에 2화소 피치마다 관통 홀을 형성하고, 이 관통 홀에 도전성 부재, 예를 들면 동 도금(258)을 매립한다. 이 투명 필름(256)의 양면에 ITO를 두께 50nm로 스퍼터하고, 2화소 분의 공통 전극(259)을 패터닝한다.50 thickness

, A transparent insulating material, for example, a transparent film 256 is prepared. Through holes are formed in the transparent film 256 for every two pixel pitches, and a conductive member, for example, copper plating 258 is embedded in the through holes. ITO is sputtered to 50 nm in thickness on both surfaces of this transparent film 256, and the common electrode 259 for two pixels is patterned.

의 투명 필름(257)의 양면에 마찬가지의 공정으로 2화소 분의 공통 전극(259)을 형성한다.Again, thickness 50 prepared otherwise

The common electrode 259 for two pixels is formed on both surfaces of the transparent film 257 in the same manner.

Subsequently, through holes are formed in the transparent films 256 and 257 on which the common electrodes 259 are formed by punching at a pixel pitch, and the outer periphery of the through holes is covered with an insulating member 253.

의 스페이서를 통해 투명 필름(256)을 접합시킨다. 마찬가지로 해서, 10

의 스페이서를 통해 투명 필름(257)이 투명 필름(256) 위에 접합시킨다. 이 때, 투명 필름(256,257)에 형성된 공통 전극(259)은 각각 1화소 분이 서로 겹치도록 배치하고 있다.Subsequently, a thickness 10 (not shown) disposed on the glass substrate 10a having a thickness of 1.1 mm was passed through the electrode column 232 through the through hole covered with the insulating member 253.

The transparent film 256 is bonded through the spacer. Similarly, 10

The transparent film 257 is bonded onto the transparent film 256 through a spacer of. At this time, the common electrodes 259 formed on the transparent films 256 and 257 are arranged so that one pixel overlaps each other.

의 스페이서를 통해 이전의 기판과 접합시켜, 전극주(252)와 각 화소 전극(254b)를 도통시킨다. 이것에 의해, 화소 전극(254b)는 TFT(12b)의 소스 전극에 접속된다.Subsequently, the transparent substrate 10b having the pixel electrode 254b is joined to the pixel pattern 10

The electrode column 252 and each pixel electrode 254b are electrically connected to each other by joining the previous substrate through the spacers of the substrate. As a result, the pixel electrode 254b is connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12b.

Subsequently, yellow GH (dichroism) is formed between the glass substrate 10a and the transparent film 256, between the transparent film 256 and the transparent film 257, and between the transparent film 257 and the glass substrate 10b. Guest host) type liquid crystal material 255Y containing a dye and chiral agent, cyan GH type liquid crystal material 255C, and magenta GH type liquid crystal material 255M are injected. Moreover, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal material of each liquid crystal layer formed in this way is also controlled by vertical alignment process by each liquid crystal layer.

Subsequently, the driver IC is mounted using the TAB method. In addition, the driving method of this liquid crystal display device is the same as that of FIG.

In this example shown in FIG. 25, when the potentials of the common electrodes on both sides of the transparent films 256 and 257 are set to the same potential, and a voltage is selectively applied between three opposite electrodes, the contrast is about 3: 1. Predetermined color can be displayed favorably.

20 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with a structure different from that of the liquid crystal display device described above.

A TFT 12a corresponding to one pixel and a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed on the insulating substrate 10a similar to that used for the color liquid crystal display shown in FIG.

스퍼터하고, 화소 반아 전극(264a)을 패터닝한다. 이 화소 전극(264a)은 대응하여 설치된 TFT(12a)의 소스 전극에 접속한다. 이와 같이해서, 반사형 기판(10a)을 형성한다.Subsequently, after sputtering a titanium oxide 265 functioning as a reflective film on the insulating substrate 10a, ITO is 100.

Sputtering is performed to pattern the pixel half electrode 264a. This pixel electrode 264a is connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12a provided correspondingly. In this way, the reflective substrate 10a is formed.

A TFT 12b corresponding to one pixel and a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed on the same insulating substrate 106b.

스퍼터하고, 투명 화소 전극(264b)을 패터닝한다. 이 화소 전극(264b)은 대응하여 설치된 TFT(12b)의 소스전극에 접속한다. 이와 같이 해서, 대향 기판(10b)을 형성한다.Subsequently, ITO is 100 on this insulated substrate 10b.

Sputtering is performed, and the transparent pixel electrode 264b is patterned. This pixel electrode 264b is connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12b provided correspondingly. In this way, the counter substrate 10b is formed.

의 수지층(266Y)을 설치한다.Subsequently, a thickness of 10 where a predetermined amount of the yellow GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed on the reflective substrate.

Resin layer 266Y is provided.

Thereafter, 20 nm in thickness of ITO is sputtered on the resin layer 266Y, and patterned on the electrode pattern for two pixels, and the two pixel common electrode 269A is formed.

의 PVA 수지층(266C)을 설치한다.Subsequently, a thickness 10 in which a predetermined amount of cyan GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed on the two pixel common electrode 269A.

PVA resin layer 266C is provided.

Thereafter, after sputtering 20 nm in thickness of ITO on the resin layer 266M, the common electrode 269B for two pixels is formed by patterning. When the common electrode 269B is formed, one pixel is disposed so as to overlap each other with respect to the common electrode 269A.

의 PVA 수지층(266M)을 형성한다.Subsequently, a thickness 10 in which a predetermined amount of magenta GH type microcapsule liquid crystal was dispersed on the common electrode 269B.

PVA resin layer 266M is formed.

On this, the pixel electrode 264b of the opposing substrate 210b is superimposed and bonded to form a liquid crystal display device.

Subsequently, when the driver IC was mounted using the TAB method and a predetermined voltage was applied between the opposing electrodes, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 3: 1 was able to be satisfactorily displayed.

In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 19, 24, 25, and 26 mentioned above, the liquid crystal display device which overlapped three liquid crystal layers was demonstrated, For example, four or more layers of transparent layers are also overlapped. The layers may be laminated.

FIG. 27 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure different from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

TFTs 12a and 12b corresponding to one pixel and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed on two transparent insulating substrates 10a and 10b each having a thickness of 1.1 mm. On this, 20 nm of ITO are stacked and patterned to form pixel electrodes 274a and 274b. The pixel electrodes 274a and 274b are connected to the source electrodes of the TFTs 12a and 12b provided correspondingly, respectively.

Subsequently, a transparent insulating material having a thickness of 0.5 mm, for example, a glass substrate 271 is prepared. Through holes are formed in the glass substrate 271 for every two pixel pitches, and a conductive member, for example, copper plating 278 is embedded in the through holes.

Subsequently, ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm on both surfaces of the glass substrate 271 to pattern the common electrode 279 for two pixels.

The common electrode 279 for two pixels is formed in the same process on both surfaces of the glass substrates 272a to 272d having a thickness of 0.5 mm prepared otherwise.

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합시킨다.Subsequently, the glass substrates 10a and 10b having a thickness of 1.1 mm and the glass substrates 272a to 272d having a thickness of 0.5 mm were made to have a thickness of 10 mm.

Bond through a spacer (not shown).

At this time, the glass substrates 271 and 272a to 272d between the glass substrate 10a and the glass substrate 10b are arranged so that each common electrode 279 overlaps each other by one pixel.

Subsequently, a yellow GH (guest host containing dichroic dye and chiral agent) type liquid crystal material between the glass substrate 10a and the glass substrate 271 and between the glass substrate 271 and the glass substrate 272a. (275YA, 275YB) are injected respectively. The orientation of the liquid crystal material to inject | pours makes the whole layer into TN (twisted nematic) orientation by rubbing a whole electrode surface in a horizontal direction, and using a liquid crystal material containing a chiral agent. In addition, the alignment directions of the two liquid crystal layers 275YA and 275YB corresponding to yellow are controlled to be perpendicular to each other.

Then, cyan GH type liquid crystal materials 275CA and 275CB are respectively injected between the glass substrate 272a and the glass substrate 272b and between the glass substrate 272b and the glass substrate 272c. The alignment directions of the liquid crystal layers 275CA and 275CB of two layers corresponding to cyan are also controlled to be orthogonal to each other as in the case of the yellow layer.

Then, magenta GH type liquid crystal material 275MA, 275MB is injected between the glass substrate 272c and the glass substrate 272d and between the glass substrate 272d and the glass substrate 10b. The alignment directions of the two liquid crystal layers 275MA and 275MB corresponding to magenta are also controlled to be orthogonal to each other as in the case of the yellow layer.

In this manner, the contrast can be improved by stacking two liquid crystal layers having different 90 ° orientation directions for each color.

Subsequently, the driver IC is mounted using the TAB method. In the example shown in FIG. 27, it is possible to drive each liquid crystal layer separately.

In the example shown in FIG. 27, when the potentials of the common electrodes on both sides of the glass substrates 271 and 272a to 272d are set to the same potential, and a voltage is selectively applied between the six opposing electrodes, the contrast is weak. The predetermined color which is 4: 1 can be displayed favorably.

FIG. 28 shows a liquid crystal display device provided with another structure different from the above-described liquid crystal display device.

TFTs 12a and 12b corresponding to one pixel and gate electrodes and signal lines (not shown) corresponding to each TFT are formed on two transparent insulating substrates 10a and 10b each having a thickness of 1.1 mm. On this, 20 nm of ITO are stacked and patterned to form pixel electrodes 284a and 284b. These pixel electrodes 284a and 284b are connected to the source electrodes of the TFTs 12a and 12b provided correspondingly, respectively.

Subsequently, a transparent insulating material having a thickness of 0.5 mm, for example, a glass substrate 282a is prepared. Through holes are formed in the glass substrate 282a for every two pixel pitches, and a conductive member, for example, copper plating 288, is embedded in the through holes.

Subsequently, ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm on both surfaces of the glass substrate 282a to pattern the common electrode 289 for two pixels.

The common electrode 289 for two pixels is formed on both surfaces of the glass substrate 281 having a thickness of 0.5 mm prepared otherwise.

Subsequently, a transparent insulating material having a thickness of 0.5 mm, for example, a glass substrate 282b is prepared. Through holes are formed in the glass substrate 282b for every pixel pitch, and a conductive member, for example, copper plating 288 is embedded in the through holes.

Subsequently, ITO is sputtered to a thickness of 20 nm on both surfaces of the glass substrate 282b to pattern the common electrode 286 for one pixel.

In addition, the common electrode 286 for one pixel is formed on both surfaces of the glass substrates 282c and 282d having a thickness of 0.5 mm prepared differently.

의 도시하지 않은 스페이서를 통해 접합시킨다.Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 28, the glass substrates 10a and 10b having a thickness of 1 mm and the glass substrates 281 and 282a to 282d having a thickness of 0.5 mm were made by thickness 10. As shown in FIG.

Bond through a spacer (not shown).

At this time, the glass substrates 282a and 282c between the glass substrate 10a and the glass substrate 10b are arranged so that each common electrode 289 overlaps each other by one pixel.

Then, yellow GH type liquid crystal materials 285YA and 285YB are respectively injected between the glass substrate 10a and the glass substrate 281 and between the glass substrate 281 and the glass substrate 282a. The orientation of the liquid crystal material to inject makes the whole layer into a TN orientation by rubbing a whole electrode surface in a horizontal direction, and using a liquid crystal material containing a chiral agent. In addition, the alignment directions of the two liquid crystal layers 285YA and 285YB corresponding to yellow are controlled to be perpendicular to each other.

Then, cyan GH type liquid crystal materials 285CA and 285CB are respectively injected between the glass substrate 282a and the glass substrate 282b and between the glass substrate 282b and the glass substrate 282c. The alignment directions of the two liquid crystal layers 285CA and 285CB corresponding to the cyan are also controlled to be orthogonal to each other as in the case of the yellow layer.

Then, magenta GH type liquid crystal materials 285MA and 285MB are injected between the glass substrate 282a and the glass substrate 282b and between the glass substrate 282b and the glass substrate 10b. The alignment directions of the two liquid crystal layers 285MA and 285MB corresponding to magenta are also controlled to be orthogonal to each other as in the case of the yellow layer.

In this manner, the contrast can be improved by stacking two liquid crystal layers having different 90 ° orientation directions for each color.

Subsequently, the driver IC is mounted using the TAB method. In the example shown in FIG. 28, each color can be driven collectively.

In the example shown in FIG. 28, when the potentials of the common electrodes on both sides of the glass substrates 281 and 282a to 282d are set to the same potential, and a voltage is selectively applied between six opposing electrodes, the contrast is weak. A predetermined color of 4: 1 could be displayed well.

29 to 44 show various modifications that function similarly to the arrangement of the pixel electrodes shown in FIGS. 5 to 12.

의 전극주를 높이 20

의 전극주를 J 및 높이 30

의 전극주를 K로 한다.Hereinafter, the connection between an electrode or an electrode layer is demonstrated briefly. In addition, in each figure, the two insulating substrates are 10a and 10b for simplicity, and the electrode layer (outer electrode) which contacts each board | substrate is arrange | positioned between a 1st layer, a 4th layer, and a 1st layer and a 4th layer. In the (inner electrode), the layer located near the first layer is referred to as the second layer, and the layer located near the fourth layer is referred to as the third layer. In addition, when the 1st-4th layer is divided in the same layer, the subscript of a, b, c ... shall be added to each. In addition, the position of the hole in the electrode circumferential direction formed in the electrode layer is indicated by H. FIG. In addition, the position of the TFT is indicated by S, and the same subscripts 1, 2, 3 ... are added to the group operated at the same timing. In addition, height 10

Height of the electrode line 20

J electrode height of 30 and height

Is set to K.

In the example shown in FIG. 29, the electrodes 1a, 1b, 1c of the first layer are each operated by the TFT S1. Since the electrodes 2a and 2b of the second layer are alternately connected to each other, they are operated by one TFT S2. In addition, the electrode 2c is driven by the independent TFT S2. The electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c of the third layer are operated by TFT S3, respectively. In addition, the electrode 3a is driven by the electrode column J penetrated through the hole H for the electrode column J of the second layer.

In the example shown in FIG. 30, the electrode 1a of the first layer is driven by the independent TFT S1. Since the electrodes 1b and 1c are alternately connected to each other, they are operated by one TFT S1. The electrodes 2a and 2b of the second layer are similarly operated by one TFT S2. The electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c of the third layer are each operated by the TFT S3. In this case, the electrode 3a penetrates through the hole H for the national column J of the second layer, and the electrode 3b penetrates the hole H for the electrode column J of the first layer. Driven by independent TFT S3 by J. FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 31, the first electrodes 1a, 1b, 1c are respectively operated by the TFT S1. The electrodes 2a + 2b and the electrodes 2c of the second layer are driven by two totally independent TFTs S2. In addition, the electrode 3a of the third layer is driven by the TFT S3 through the electrode column J which penetrates the hole H for the electrode column J of the second layer. On the other hand, the electrodes 3b and 3c of the third layer are driven by two independent TFTs S3, respectively.

In the example shown in FIG. 32, the electrodes 1a, 1b, 1c of the first layer are each operated by the TFT S1. The electrodes 2a + 2b and the electrodes 2c of the second layer are driven by two totally independent TFTs S2. The electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c of the third layer are operated by TFT S3, and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c of the fourth layer are operated by TFT S4, respectively. Incidentally, in FIG. 32, the arrangement of the respective electrodes and the position of the TFT are substantially the same as the example shown in FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 33, the electrodes 1a, 1b, 1c of the first layer are each operated by the TFT S1. The electrodes 2a + 2b and 2c of the second layer are each driven by two independent TFT S2 in total. The electrodes 3a, 3b, 3c of the third layer are operated by TFT S3, and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c of the fourth layer are operated by TFT S4, respectively. The electrode 3a of the third layer and the electrode 4a of the fourth layer are respectively connected to the corresponding TFTs through the electrode lines J and K which have passed through the holes H of the second layer. 33 shows that the arrangement of the respective electrodes and the position of the TFT are substantially the same as the example shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, for each of FIGS. 34 to 45, at least a part of the pixel electrodes defining the pixels of the three layers as described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 3 are electrically connected to each other, thereby providing a predetermined value to each pixel. In order to apply the drive voltage, the required number of voltages (the number of steps in the voltage) is reduced. 34 and 35, the electrodes commonly driven are 2a, 2b, and 3a and 3c, respectively. In addition, in FIG. 36, it is 2a, 2b and 4b, 4c. In addition, in FIG. 41, it is 3a and 2b, 3b and 2c, 3c and 2d ..., and in FIG. 42 and 43, it is 4a and 1b, 4b and 1c, 4c and 1d, respectively.

As described above, as a basic structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 45, the electrodes provided on the upper and lower pairs of substrates can be freely set for each pixel, and the intermediate substrate. The structure which takes an electrode terminal from the cross section of and can set the electric potential of the electrode provided in both surfaces of an intermediate board | substrate freely is illustrated. Wiring for setting each electrode potential freely is provided on the upper and lower substrates, but both wirings are provided on one substrate, and the oriented electrodes can be electrically connected to the wiring through the electrode column.

In the case where an intermediate substrate is used, it is necessary for the electrodes to be electrically connected to electrodes provided above and below the substrate for each pixel or for each common pixel. Moreover, when an intermediate substrate is not used, the structure which patterns an electrode on solid liquid crystal layers, such as resin containing a liquid crystal microcapsule, is also effective, for example.

In addition, a part of the pixel electrode of the three-layer GH liquid crystal display panel can be electrically connected with other pixel electrodes to form a common electrode, thereby enabling collective operation, thereby simplifying the panel structure and reducing the number of scanning lines. Moreover, it is easy to manufacture and provides a highly reliable liquid crystal display device.

That is, the conventionally required three switch elements and the number of wirings attached to one pixel can be reduced, and the structure can be simplified.

In addition, not only the simplification of the manufacturing process can be realized in the array process of wiring and switch element manufacturing, but also in the case of wiring in three dimensions with the pixel electrode, it is simplified and effective. For example, when a plurality of conventional electrode poles are required, it is required to be insulated so as not to affect each other layer and to ensure electrical conduction with respect to the connected electrodes. According to this embodiment, according to this request | requirement, it can manufacture without requiring one electrode column or the middle of an electrode, and can considerably reduce the number of process steps, and the improvement of reliability.

In the three-layered color liquid crystal display device, a part of the pixel electrodes defining the pixels of the three layers are commonized, and the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage are one-to-two, that is, the saturation voltage is the threshold voltage between each layer. By arranging the liquid crystal material set twice, any color can be displayed on a predetermined pixel with a smaller driving voltage (number = step) compared with the conventional one. In addition, the pixel voltage is preferably inverted in polarity every frame period. In the above-described various examples, the driving voltage in which the polarity is inverted is used efficiently. That is, the number (type) of drive voltages is reduced.

In addition, the structure of the above-mentioned driving method and pixel electrode is not governed by the kind of liquid crystal material and a pigment | dye. Moreover, it can use for any liquid crystal device of an inverted type and a transmission type. In the case of the reflection type, it is necessary to provide a scattering surface with a directional semi-scattering surface on the back of the liquid crystal display element or on the reflective electrode. Moreover, it is preferable to provide an antireflection film on the front substrate. However, preferably, the liquid crystal display element of the structure which does not require a polarizing plate is used.

Moreover, the display with high contrast at high speed is attained by using the liquid crystal material which does not have memory uniformity as a liquid crystal material. Moreover, preferably, the liquid crystal material and layer structure in which the orientation order of the pigment | dye in a liquid crystal are set to 0.8 or more are selected. Moreover, the spectral characteristics of a pigment material are set to black (black), dark gray, or dark blue by overlapping each other. Moreover, as a liquid crystal material, it is also possible to apply the selective reflection liquid crystal display system containing each pigment | dye of red, blue, and green in addition to the GH liquid crystal containing each pigment | dye of cyan, magenta, and yellow mentioned above.

The following relates to a further improved liquid crystal display device which has a simpler layer structure than the liquid crystal display device having a three-layer structure and can make complicated electrode column processing unnecessary.

As shown in FIG. 46, a single-layer color liquid crystal display device (hereinafter simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device) includes an opposing substrate 10a formed of a transparent insulating material such as glass, and parallel to the substrate 10a. It has the opposing board | substrate 10b arrange | positioned at predetermined intervals. The opposing substrate 10b is an insulating substrate formed of a material substantially the same as that of the insulating substrate 10a.

On the surface of the insulating substrate 10a on the side opposite to the opposing substrate 10b, TFTs 12 for driving each pixel of the liquid crystal display are formed at predetermined intervals.

An electrode column 464 is formed at a predetermined position that sandwiches the TFT 12 and opposes the above-described scanning line of the TFT 12.

In the electrode column 464, the pixel electrode 170 film 466 connected to the respective TFTs 12 through the electrode column 464 is formed to have a predetermined area and thickness.

On the surface of the opposing substrate 10b that faces the insulating substrate 10a, an opposing electrode 468 is formed which forms a predetermined electric field between the pixel electrodes 466.

3 provided with respective pigment | dyes of yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M), for example between the pixel electrode 466 of the insulated substrate 10a, and the counter electrode 468 of the counter substrate 10b. A liquid crystal layer 470 is formed in which GH (guest host) type liquid crystal liquids 470Y, 470M and 470C in the form of microcapsules are irregularly arranged. The liquid crystal layer 470 is formed by printing a PVA (polyvinyl based) resin layer in which each of the liquid crystal droplets 470Y, 470M, and 470C is dispersed at a predetermined ratio. The liquid crystal droplets 470Y, 470M, and 470C may be formed by integrally encapsulating a liquid crystal material and a dye (coloring material) into the liquid crystal droplet partition wall or by coloring a liquid crystal droplet partition wall with a dye (coloring material). The predetermined color used as a filter to be described later is provided.

As the method for forming the liquid crystal liquids 470Y, 470M, and 470C, since the strength without breakage is required in the process of producing the liquid crystal cell, an interfacial polymerization method or an insitu polymerization method is used. In addition, as the material of the liquid crystal (microcapsule) partition wall, since strength is required to display resistance to the pigment material or liquid crystal material to be dispersed and to create a liquid crystal cell, the partition wall is not damaged. Amides, polyesters, polyurethanes, melamine resins, urea resins, epoxy resins, vinyl polymers (crosslinked products) and the like are used.

On the other hand, as the liquid crystal material encapsulated in each of the liquid crystal droplets 470Y, 470M and 470C, a liquid crystal material whose hysteresis characteristic between the applied voltage and transmittance is determined in a predetermined range for each color provided by each liquid crystal droplet is used.

In addition, each of the liquid crystals 470Y, 470M, and 470C absorbs light in a state where no voltage is applied, and is represented by a <b <c <d <e <f as shown in FIG. By applying the voltage divided into 6 steps, the predetermined color component is transmitted. Further, the liquid crystal material used for each of the liquid crystal liquids 470Y, 470M and 470C is selected from liquid crystal materials capable of providing a hysteresis loop having regions in which the bands of driving voltages in which all liquid crystal regions change from absorption to transmission alternately overlap each other.

Hereafter, when white light is W, blue is B, red is R, and green is G, when the voltage is 0 volts, liquid crystal (470Y: Billow GH liquid crystal), liquid crystal (470M: magenta GH liquid crystal) and liquid crystal Since each of the red (470C: cyan GH liquid crystals) becomes absorption,? Bk, that is, black is displayed.

Next, when the voltage d is applied, the liquid crystal droplets 470Y are transmitted, so that G and R are absorbed by the liquid crystal droplets 470M and the liquid crystal droplets 470C, and? B (blue) is displayed.

Subsequently, when the voltage is increased from d to e, in addition to the liquid crystal 470Y, the liquid crystal 470C is transmitted, so only G is absorbed by the liquid crystal 470M, and ③ M (magenta) is displayed. do.

When the voltage is increased from e to f, ④ W (white) is displayed because all liquid crystals become transparent.

On the other hand, if the voltage is reduced to b in the state where M is displayed at the voltage e, since the liquid crystal liquid 470Y is absorbed by absorption in addition to the liquid crystal liquid 470M, G and B are absorbed and ⑤ R (red) becomes Is displayed.

When the voltage is reduced to b in the state where W is displayed at the voltage f, only the liquid crystal liquid 470Y is absorbed, so that B is absorbed and? Y (yellow) is displayed.

On the contrary, if the voltage is reduced to a in the state where W is displayed at the voltage f, B and R are absorbed because the liquid crystal 470C is absorbed in addition to the liquid crystal 470Y. (Green) is displayed.

After increasing the voltage to f, the liquid crystal 470Y is transmitted by increasing the voltage to a while decreasing G to a, and increasing the voltage to d, and R is absorbed by the liquid crystal 470C. C (cyan) is displayed.

As described above, eight colors can be displayed by voltage driving of up to three fields using the liquid crystal display device having the single-layer structure shown in FIG. In addition, since each of the pixels can display any color of eight colors, three times the resolution can be provided as compared with a normal color liquid crystal display device in which three colors of filters are arranged on the same plane. In addition, since the misalignment margin is unnecessary when assembling the respective substrates as compared with the TFT and the element not reducing the aperture ratio other than the wiring member not shown and the method of overlapping the liquid crystal layers of the three layers with each other, the transmissive type Alternatively, sufficient brightness can be ensured even when used in any of the reflection types. Moreover, although the image density displayed by each pixel changes easily by changing a threshold characteristic, arbitrary image density can be displayed also by changing a display area. In addition, the pulse width of the driving voltage applied to each pixel may be changed.

By the way, according to the driving method shown in FIG. 47, in order to display a specific color, it is necessary to apply the first voltage, lower the voltage to the second voltage, and apply a third voltage between the second voltage and the first voltage. There is. From this, as a driving voltage generator not shown, it is comprised so that the voltage required in each state may be maintained at most more than the response time of each liquid crystal for three fields. In order to replace the screen, it is sufficient to reduce the driving voltage to a voltage at which all liquid crystals display absorption, and then supply driving voltages corresponding to the next three fields. It goes without saying that the speed of change can be increased by calculating the next driving voltage from the information of the previous screen and the information of the next screen and changing only the voltage corresponding to the replaced pixel.

In addition, although FIG. 47 aims at display of 8 colors, the kind of liquid crystal material and the number of pigment | dye are arbitrarily set according to the number and kind of colors to display. In addition, hysteresis or threshold characteristics may be provided only for the liquid crystal material displaying at least one kind of color.

In order to impart hysteresis, a strain may be provided inside the liquid crystal. Specifically, a) the liquid crystal is trapped in the closed space to maintain the influence of the system three-dimensionally.

b) Increase the twist angle of the liquid crystal.

c) Add chiral agent.

And the like are exemplified.

Moreover, in the case of the liquid crystal display element which does not have memory uniformity, a matrix drive is attained by steepening and roughening a threshold characteristic. Therefore, by providing a switch element such as TFT, the contrast can be further increased.

Moreover, a liquid crystal material and a pigment material do not accept a special limitation. However, it is preferable that the orientation order degree of the pigment | dye in a liquid crystal is 0.5 or more similarly demonstrated also in the example of FIG.

On the contrary, the spectral characteristics of the dye material need to be black or dark gray by overlapping each other.

By the way, although the above-mentioned liquid crystal display element can be used for both a transmissive type and a reflective type, it is necessary to provide a scattering surface or a directional reflecting surface on the back surface or the reflective electrode of the GH stacked cell. Moreover, it is preferable to provide an antireflection film on the front substrate.

FIG. 48 is a graph showing each liquid crystal hysteresis loop of the liquid crystal display device provided with characteristics different from the hysteresis characteristics shown in FIG.

In the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 48, the liquid crystal A and the liquid crystal B each absorb light in a state where no voltage is applied, and when the predetermined voltage α is applied, the liquid crystal A and the liquid crystal B When both of them cause the transmission height to change in absorption, W (white) is displayed by applying the voltage α. In this state, the driving voltage is reduced to the voltage β at which the liquid crystal liquid B returns to absorption, whereby a first color defined based on the color component absorbed by the liquid crystal liquid B is displayed. Thereafter, when the driving voltage is reduced to the voltage Y at which the liquid crystal A returns to absorption, the first color defined based on the color component absorbed by the liquid crystal B and the color component absorbed by the liquid crystal A The base color (normally black or blue or gray) in which the prescribed second color is mixed is displayed.

FIG. 49 is a graph showing a hysteresis loop between a voltage and transmittance applied to a single-layer multicolor liquid crystal display device having hysteresis characteristics different from the hysteresis characteristics shown in FIG. In addition, the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 49 uses red GH liquid crystalline liquid 490a colored with R (red) and blue GH liquid crystal liquid 490b colored with B (blue) as a liquid crystal not shown. The example which displays four colors of white, black, red, and blue by using as a transmissive type is shown.

In addition, each liquid crystal liquid absorbs light in a state in which a driving voltage is not applied, and as shown in FIG. 49, a predetermined voltage is applied by applying a voltage divided into four steps indicated by A <B <C <D. Penetrates the color components. In addition, each liquid crystal liquid shall be arrange | positioned uniformly so that it may not overlap with each other in substantially the same plane, ie, mutually. Thus, blue and red are each represented independently.

Hereinafter, similarly to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 47, if white light is W, blue is B, and red is R, any liquid crystal drops are absorbed when the voltage is 0 duct. Blue purple or gray is displayed.

Next, when the voltage C is applied, the blue GH liquid crystal droplets 490b are transmitted, so the red R is displayed by the light passing through the pixels corresponding to the remaining liquid crystal droplets 490a, that is, R.

Subsequently, as the voltage is increased from C to D, the red GH liquid crystal droplets 490a are changed to transmission, whereupon white W is displayed.

Thereafter, as the voltage is lowered from D to B, the blue GH liquid crystal droplets 490b are changed to absorption, and ④ blue B is displayed.

Next, the result of actual color development using the liquid crystal droplet of the composition shown to FIG. 47 to FIG. 49 to the single-layer color liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 46 is demonstrated in detail.

[Example 1]

적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공하여 알루미늄을 100 nm를 증착하며, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 알루미늄 반사 전극은 TFT의 소크 전극에 접속했다.A glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and a well-known TFT structure, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) are formed, and P1 (polyimide) is 2

The surface was laminated | stacked, the surface was dimpled by die pressure, 100 nm of aluminum was deposited, and the pixel electrode was patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode was connected to the soaking electrode of TFT.

을 인쇄함으로써 형성했다.Next, the PVA resin layer 10 containing the blue GH microcapsules and the red GH microcapsules provided with the voltage transmittance curve shown in FIG. 49.

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other such that the ITO and the PVA resin layers were in contact with each other and overlapped with each other.

Hereinafter, the driver IC is mounted using the TCP (tape carrier package) method, and a driving voltage of up to two frames is applied between the electrodes.

In this example 1, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 2: 1 could be displayed.

[Example 2]

증착하고, 또 ITO막을 100

스퍼터하며, 2

두께의 레지스트에 의해 전극주용 홀을 패터닝했다.A glass with a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and a TFT structure, a gate electrode (not shown) and a signal line (not shown) are formed, and titanium oxide is 100.

Vapor deposition, and ITO film

Sputtering, 2

The electrode main hole was patterned by the resist of thickness.

의 기둥 형상의 전극, 즉 전극주를 형성한 후 두께 20

의 ITO막을 양면 스퍼터하고, 또 각각의 면에, 화소전극을 패터닝한 두께 50

의 필름을 두께 10

의 접착성 스페이서를 끼워 화소전극과 전극주가 도통하도록 접합시켰다. 여기에서, 필름은 양면의 도통이 확보되어 있는 것을 이용했다.Height 10 of TFT not shown source electrode

The thickness of the column-shaped electrode, that is, after forming the electrode column

A 50-thick sputtered ITO film and patterned pixel electrodes on each surface

Film thickness of 10

The adhesive spacer of was sandwiched and bonded so that the pixel electrode and the electrode column would conduct. Here, the film used what has secured conduction of both surfaces.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 접착성 스페이서를 끼우도록 배치하고, 각 층에 레드 및 시안의 2색성 색소와 카이럴제를 함유한 액정을 주입했다. 이 경우, 액정 재료의 배향은 수직 배향제의 작용에 의해 전부 수직 배향이 된다. 이것에 의해, 제48도에 도시한 바와 같은 전압 투과율 특성이 제공된다.Next, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrate of thickness 1.1mm sputtered by the thickness was arrange | positioned so that an adhesive spacer might be inserted, and the liquid crystal containing the dichroic dye of red and cyan and chiral agent was injected into each layer. In this case, the alignment of the liquid crystal material becomes vertical alignment entirely by the action of the vertical alignment agent. This provides the voltage transmittance characteristic as shown in FIG.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other so that the ITO and the PVA resin layer were in contact with each other.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted by the COG (chip on glass) method, and a maximum of two frames of drive voltages were applied between the electrodes.

In this example 2, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

Example 3

적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공하여 A1을 100 nm 증착하고, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 또, 알루미늄 반사 전극은 TFT의 소스 전극에 접속했다.A glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and a TFT, a gate electrode (not shown) and a signal line (not shown) are provided on the substrate, and P1 is 2

The surface was laminated | stacked, the surface was dimpled by die pressure, 100 nm of A1 were vapor-deposited, and the pixel electrode was patterned. In addition, the aluminum reflection electrode was connected to the source electrode of TFT.

를 인쇄에 의해 형성했다.Next, three types of GH liquid crystal microcapsules consisting of yellow GH liquid crystal liquid 470Y, cyan GH liquid crystal liquid 470C, and magenta GH liquid crystal liquid 470M provided with the voltage transmittance curve shown in FIG. 47 are dispersed irregularly. PVA Resin Layer 30

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판(10b)을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳐 액정 셀로 했다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The 1.1-mm-thick transparent glass substrate 10b sputtered by the thickness was made to oppose so that ITO and a PVA resin layer might contact, and it mutually overlapped and it was set as the liquid crystal cell.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage of the maximum 3 frames demonstrated using FIG. 47 was applied between electrodes.

In this example 3, the contrast was able to display eight colors of about 3: 1.

Example 4

증착하고, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 또, ITO 반사 전극은 TFT의 도시하지 않은 소스 전극에 접속했다.A glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and a well-known TFT, a gate electrode and a signal line (not shown) are formed on the transparent substrate, and P1 having a thickness of 2 colored in black is laminated, and then ITO is 50.

Vapor deposition and the pixel electrode were patterned. Moreover, the ITO reflective electrode was connected to the source electrode which is not shown in TFT.

을 인쇄에 의해 형성했다.Next, the PVA resin layer 30 in which three kinds of selective reflection liquid crystals of red microcapsules R, green microcapsules G, and blue microcapsules B provided with the voltage transmittance curve shown in FIG.

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other so that the ITO and the PVA resin layer were in contact with each other.

Hereinafter, a driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage of the maximum three frames shown below was applied using FIG. 50 between electrodes.

As shown in FIG. 50, when the voltage is zero, each of the liquid crystalline R red, the liquid crystalline G green, and the liquid crystalline B blue becomes reflection, and thus W, that is, white is displayed.

Next, when the voltage C is applied, the liquid crystal liquid B becomes transparent, so that Y yellow is displayed.

Subsequently, when the voltage is increased from C to D, in addition to the liquid crystal B, the liquid crystal G becomes transparent, and therefore, 3 R red is displayed.

When the voltage is increased from D to E, (4) Bk black is displayed since all liquid crystals become transparent.

On the other hand, when the voltage is reduced to B while the voltage D is applied,? M magenta is displayed because the liquid crystal liquid B is reflected.

Further, when the voltage is reduced to B in the state where the voltage E is applied,? B blue is displayed because only the liquid crystal B is reflected.

On the contrary, when the voltage is reduced to A in the state where the voltage E is applied, the liquid crystal R and the liquid crystal G become reflections, so that C c is displayed.

In addition, after increasing the voltage to E, the liquid crystal liquid B is transmitted by increasing the voltage to C while decreasing it to A, and ⑧ G green is displayed.

In this example 4, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

Example 5

로 P1를 적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공한 후, 알루미늄을 100nm 증착하며, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 알루미늄 반사 전극은 TFT(12)의 소스 전극에 접속했다.As shown in FIG. 51, a glass 1.1 mm thick is used for the transparent substrate 10a, and a TFT 12, a gate electrode (not shown) and a signal line (not shown) are provided, and a thickness of 2 is used.

After laminating | stacking P1 and dimple-processing the surface by die pressure, 100 nm of aluminum were vapor-deposited and the pixel electrode was patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode was connected to the source electrode of the TFT 12.

인 PVA 수지층(액정층:510)을 인쇄에 의해 3층 적층 배치했다. 또, 이 예 5에서는 적층 순서를 470Y, 470C 및 470M으로 했다.Next, three types of GH liquid crystal microcapsules comprising yellow GH liquid crystal liquid 470Y, cyan GH liquid crystal liquid 470C and magenta GH liquid crystal liquid 470M provided with the voltage transmittance curve shown in FIG. 47 are further dispersed. Per thickness 10

The PVA resin layer (liquid crystal layer: 510) which was phosphorus was laminated | stacked and arrange | positioned three layers by printing. In this example 5, the stacking order was set to 470Y, 470C, and 470M.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판(10b)을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳐 액정 셀로 했다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The 1.1-mm-thick transparent glass substrate 10b sputtered by the thickness was made to oppose so that ITO and a PVA resin layer might contact, and it mutually overlapped and it was set as the liquid crystal cell.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage of the maximum 3 frames demonstrated using FIG. 47 was applied between electrodes.

In Example 5 shown in FIG. 51, eight colors having a contrast of about 3: 1 can be displayed.

FIG. 52 (a) shows the maximum absorption of the pigment contained in each liquid crystal when the voltage is applied at the frequency F0 to the liquid crystal layer having the structure shown in FIG. 46 and provided with the voltage transmission characteristics shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the voltage transmittance curve by the GH effect in wavelength, and FIG. 52 (b) is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency of each liquid crystal region, and the dielectric constant. Each of the liquid crystal liquids 470Y, 470M, and 470C transmits a predetermined color component by applying a voltage divided in predetermined steps as shown in FIGS. 52 (a) and 52 (b).

Moreover, the liquid crystal material used for each liquid crystal 470Y, 470M, and 470C is selected from the liquid crystal material which has the area | region in which the band of the drive voltage from which all liquid crystal areas change from absorption to transmission alternately overlaps each other.

Hereinafter, the driving method of the liquid crystal display element containing the liquid crystal liquid which has frequency dependency as an electro-optical characteristic is demonstrated.

In this display element, three types of liquid crystal groups each containing yellow, cyan and magenta pigments are dispersed, absorbing wavelength light of the entire white light without applying a voltage, and displaying black.

As shown in FIG. 52 (a), when a voltage is applied at the frequency F0, black can be displayed because the entire liquid crystal absorbs light at the voltage V1. When the voltage V2 is applied, only the yellow GH liquid crystal liquid becomes transmissive and blue can be displayed. When the applied voltage is set to V3, the cyan GH liquid crystal droplets are also transmitted to the yellow GH liquid crystal droplets, and magenta can be displayed. When the applied voltage is set to V4, in addition to the yellow GH liquid crystals and the cyan GH liquid crystals, the magenta GH liquid crystals are in the transmissive state, and the entire liquid crystal is in the transmissive state, so that white can be displayed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 52 (b), when a voltage is applied at the frequency F1, only the cyan GH liquid crystal region becomes transmissive at the voltage V3 and red can be displayed. In addition, when voltage V4 is applied, magenta GH liquid crystal liquid becomes transmissive with respect to cyan GH liquid crystal liquid, and yellow can be displayed.

Next, when a voltage is applied at the frequency F2, only the magenta GH liquid crystal region becomes a transmission state at the applied voltage V4, and green can be displayed.

In this way, color display can be enabled by controlling the voltage and frequency applied to the liquid crystal liquid.

In the case of this liquid crystal display device, at least one kind of the plurality of GH liquid crystals is a condition in which it is necessary to have frequency dependency in electro-optical properties. Thereby, it becomes possible to display the color more than the number of kinds of liquid crystal in which the hue contained is different.

53 (a) and 53 (b) show voltages applied to a single-layer multicolor liquid crystal display device having electro-optic properties different from those shown in FIGS. 52 (a) and 52 (b). It is a graph showing the relationship with transmittance. That is, in Fig. 53 (a), a voltage transmittance curve is shown at frequency f = F0, and in Fig. 53 (b), a graph showing the relationship between the frequency f and the relative dielectric constant?

Red GH liquid crystal liquid and B (blue) colored by R (red) having the characteristics shown in FIGS. 53 (a) and 53 (b) in the liquid crystal layer 470 of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. By applying the blue GH liquid crystal color colored with), an example of displaying four colors of white, black, red and blue is shown.

Hereinafter, similarly to the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 52 (b), when the voltage applied at the frequency F0 is V1, any liquid crystal droplets are absorbed, so that all white light is absorbed and Bk (black) or blue violet or Gray is displayed.

Subsequently, when the voltage V2 is applied, the red GH liquid crystal region is transmitted, so blue is displayed by the light passing through the pixel corresponding to the remaining blue GH liquid crystal liquid.

Subsequently, white voltage is displayed because the red GH liquid crystal liquid and the blue GH liquid crystal liquid become transmissive states by applying the voltage V3.

Subsequently, when the voltage to be applied is V3 at the frequency F1, only the blue GH liquid crystal region is in a transmissive state, and red is displayed by the light passing through the red GH liquid crystal region.

Next, a liquid crystal display element using red GH liquid crystal liquid and cyan GH liquid crystal liquid will be described.

FIG. 54 (a) shows a voltage transmittance curve at frequency f = F0, and FIG. 54 shows a graph showing the relationship between the frequency f and the relative dielectric constant?

The liquid crystal layer 470 of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 46 is colored with red GH liquid crystal and cyan colored with R (red) having the characteristics shown in FIGS. 54 (a) and 54 (b). In the case where the applied cyan GH liquid crystal is applied, as in the liquid crystal display shown in Fig. 52 (a), when the voltage L1 is applied at the frequency F0, any liquid crystal droplets are absorbed, so all the white light is absorbed and Bk (black ) Or cheng? Or gray is displayed.

Subsequently, when the voltage V2 is applied, the cyan GH liquid crystal region is transmitted, so red is displayed by the light passing through the pixel corresponding to the remaining red GH liquid crystal liquid.

Subsequently, by applying the voltage V3, the red GH liquid crystal liquid and the cyan GH liquid crystal liquid are in the transmissive state, so white is displayed.

Subsequently, as shown in Figs. 54 (b) and 54 (a), when the voltage to be applied is V3 at the frequency F1, only the red GH liquid crystal drops are transmitted and the cyan GH liquid crystal passes through. Cyan is displayed by light.

Thus, by using the liquid crystal material of which frequency characteristics differ, it becomes possible to display a color selectively by the voltage to apply. In this case, the display can be displayed in plural colors in all the pixels, and in the black and white display, the display can almost be displayed in the GH original transmittance, absorption and contrast. In addition, the panel also has no factor of reducing the aperture ratio other than the auxiliary storage unit and the non-pixel unit, and the effective aperture ratio can be made high.

As described above, color display is enabled by applying a driving voltage in which a predetermined frequency and a voltage of a predetermined level are superposed using the liquid crystal display device having the single-layer structure shown in FIG.

In addition, since each of the pixels can display any color, three times the resolution can be provided as compared with a conventional color liquid crystal display device in which three colors of filters are arranged on the same plane.

In addition, since the misalignment margin is unnecessary when assembling the respective substrates as compared with the TFT and the element not reducing the aperture ratio other than the wiring member not shown and the method of overlapping the liquid crystal layers of the three layers with each other, the transmissive type Alternatively, even when used in any of the reflective methods, sufficient outside air can be ensured.

Moreover, although the image density displayed by each pixel changes easily by changing a threshold characteristic, arbitrary image density, for example, halftone color, can also be displayed by changing a display area.

In addition, in FIG. 52 (a) and FIG. 52 (b), although color display was aimed at three types of pigment | dye of yellow, cyan, and magenta, the kind of liquid crystal material according to the combination, the number of colors, and the kind of color to display And the number of pigments is arbitrarily set. Moreover, the liquid crystal material which has the characteristics different from the voltage threshold characteristic and frequency characteristic as shown in FIG. 52 (a) and 52 (b) may be used. Moreover, it is preferable that the kind of liquid crystal droplet contained in a liquid crystal layer is mixed by random arrangement as much as possible.

By the way, although the above-mentioned liquid crystal display element can be used for a transmissive type and a reflective type, in the case of a reflective type, it is necessary to provide a scattering surface or a directional reflecting surface on the back surface or the reflective electrode of the GH stacked cell. Moreover, it is preferable to provide an antireflection film on the front substrate.

Next, another driving method of the color liquid crystal display device having the single layer structure shown in FIG. 46 will be described. A liquid crystal material having different voltage response characteristics, voltage holding characteristics, threshold voltages, and colors is applied to each of the pigments shown in FIGS. 55 to 58 in this liquid crystal display device.

55 shows a voltage transmittance curve obtained by pulse driving using a TFT of 100 Hz in each of the yellow GH liquid crystal, the cyan GH liquid crystal and the magenta GH liquid crystal.

56 shows a voltage transmittance curve obtained by pulse driving using a TFT of 10H 2 in each of the GH liquid crystals of yellow, cyan and magenta.

FIG. 57 is a graph showing the voltage response characteristics when the on-off is repeated when a 10 Hz pulse is driven at the voltage V3.

58 is a graph showing the voltage response characteristics when the on-off is repeated when 100 Hz pulse driving is performed at the voltage V3.

In this display element, three types of liquid crystal groups each containing yellow, cyan and magenta pigments are dispersed, absorbing the wavelength light of the entire white light without applying a voltage, and displaying black.

As shown in FIG. 55, in pulse driving using a TFT of 100 Hz, only the yellow GH liquid crystal region becomes transmissive and blue can be displayed at the voltage V1.

When the applied voltage is set to V2, the cyan GH liquid crystal droplet is also transmitted to the yellow GH liquid crystal droplet, and magenta can be displayed.

When the applied voltage is set to V3, in addition to the yellow GH liquid crystals and the cyan GH liquid crystals, the magenta GH liquid crystals are in the transmissive state, and the entire liquid crystal is in the transmissive state. can do.

Next, since the leakage of the yellow GH liquid crystal droplets is large in pulse driving at 10 Hz, it cannot be recorded, and only the cyan GH liquid crystal droplets can be transmitted and display red at the applied voltage V2.

In addition, when voltage V4 is applied, magenta GH liquid crystal liquid becomes transmissive with respect to cyan GH liquid crystal liquid, and yellow can be displayed.

Next, when on-off is repeated within the response time of the cyan GH liquid crystal liquid in the state of the applied voltage V3 during 10 Hz pulse driving, only the magenta GH liquid crystal liquid is in the transmissive state, and green can be displayed.

Next, when on-off is repeated within the response time of the cyan GH liquid crystal liquid in the state of the applied voltage V3 during 100 Hz pulse driving, only the cyan GH liquid crystal liquid does not start, and the yellow and magenta GH liquid crystal liquid become transmissive. , Cyan can be displayed.

In this way, full color display can be realized by controlling the voltage, frequency, and response characteristics applied to the liquid crystal.

In FIGS. 55 to 58, examples of the case of color display from three colors of yellow, cyan and magenta have been described, but the combination of colors and the number of colors can be arbitrarily selected by the type and number of colors to be displayed. .

In addition, the threshold value characteristic, the voltage holding characteristic and the voltage response characteristic do not necessarily need to be different in whole, but can be set arbitrarily.

In the case of this liquid crystal quantum device, at least one of the plurality of GH liquid crystal liquids is a necessary condition to have a liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal liquid having different voltage response characteristics or voltage holding characteristics. Thereby, it becomes possible to display the color more than the number of kinds of liquid crystal in which the hue contained is different.

59 and 60 show voltage transmittance curves of GH liquid crystals of two colors, red and blue. According to this B type GH liquid crystal liquid, four colors of white, black, red and blue can be displayed.

As described above, color display is enabled by controlling the voltage level, frequency, and voltage response characteristics by using the liquid crystal display device having the single-layer structure shown in FIG.

Moreover, since each pixel can display arbitrary colors, it can provide 3 times the resolution compared with the normal color liquid crystal display device which arrange | positions a filter of three colors on the same plane.

In addition, since no misalignment margin is required when assembling the respective substrates as compared with the TFT and the wiring member (not shown), the element that reduces the aperture ratio and the method of overlapping the liquid crystal layers of the three layers with each other are not necessary. Alternatively, sufficient brightness can be ensured even when used in any of the reflective methods.

Next, the results of the actual color development using the liquid crystal droplets of the composition shown in Figs. 52 (a) and 52 (b) to Fig. 60 are described in detail in the single-layer color liquid crystal display shown in Fig. 46. .

Example 6

적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공하여 알루미늄을 100 nm 증착하고, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 알루미늄 반사 전극, 즉 화소 전극은 TFT의 소스 전극에 접속했다.A glass with a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and a TFT, a gate electrode (not shown) and a signal line are formed, and P1 is 2

The surface was laminated | stacked, the surface was dimpled by die pressure, 100 nm of aluminum was vapor-deposited, and the pixel electrode was patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode, that is, the pixel electrode, was connected to the source electrode of the TFT.

를 인쇄에 의해 형성했다.Next, the PVA resin layer 10 containing the blue GH microcapsules and the red GH microcapsules provided with the electro-optical properties shown in FIGS. 53 (a) and 53 (b)

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other so that the ITO and the PVA resin layer were in contact with each other.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage whose voltage level and frequency were controlled between electrodes was applied.

In this example 6, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 2: 1 could be displayed.

를 적용하고, 전압 레벨, 주파수 및 전압 응답 특성을 제어한 구동 전압을 인가한 경우에도 마찬가지로 콘트라스트가 약 2:1인 소정 색을 표시할 수 있었다.In addition, the PVA resin layer 10 containing the blue GH microcapsules and the red GH microcapsules provided with the electro-optical properties shown in FIGS. 59 and 60 as the liquid crystal layer.

In the case of applying the driving voltage to control the voltage level, frequency, and voltage response characteristics, a predetermined color having a contrast of about 2: 1 could be displayed.

Example 7

증착하고, 또 ITO막을 100

스퍼터하며, 2

두께의 레지스트에 의해 전극주용 홀을 패터닝했다.A glass with a thickness of 1.1 mm is used as a transparent substrate, and TFTs, gate electrodes and signal lines are formed, and titanium oxide is 100.

Vapor deposition, and ITO film

Sputtering, 2

The electrode main hole was patterned by the resist of thickness.

의 기둥 형상의 전극, 즉 전극주를 형성한 후 두께 20

의 ITO막을 양면 스퍼터하고, 또 각각의 면에, 화소전극을 패터닝한 두께 50

의 필름을 두께 10

의 접착성 스페이서를 끼워 화소전극과 전극주가 도통하도록 접합시켰다. 여기에서, 필름은 양면의 도통이 확보되어 있는 것을 이용했다.Height 10 of TFT not shown source electrode

The thickness of the column-shaped electrode, that is, after forming the electrode column

A 50-thick sputtered ITO film and patterned pixel electrodes on each surface

Film thickness of 10

The adhesive spacer of was sandwiched and bonded so that the pixel electrode and the electrode column would conduct. Here, the film used what has secured conduction of both surfaces.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 11 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 접착성 스페이서를 끼우도록 배치하고, 각 층에 레드 및 시안의 2색성 색소와 카이럴제를 함유한 액정을 주입했다. 이 경우, 액정 재료의 배향은 수직 배향제의 작용에 의해 전부 수직 배향이 된다. 이것에 의해, 제54(a)도 및 제54(b)도에 도시한 바와 같은 전압 투과율 특성이 제공된다.Next, ITO is 50

A 11 mm-thick transparent glass substrate sputtered in thickness was disposed so as to sandwich the adhesive spacer, and a liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye of red and cyan and a chiral agent was injected into each layer. In this case, the alignment of the liquid crystal material becomes vertical alignment entirely by the action of the vertical alignment agent. This provides the voltage transmittance characteristics as shown in FIGS. 54 (a) and 54 (b).

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other so that the ITO and the PVA resin layer were in contact with each other.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted by the COG method, and the driving voltage whose voltage level and frequency were controlled between electrodes was applied.

In this example 7, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

In addition, even when a driving voltage for controlling the voltage level, frequency and voltage response characteristics was applied to the liquid crystal layer, a predetermined color with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

Example 8

적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공하여 알루미늄을 100 nm를 증착하며, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 또, 알루미늄 반사 전극은 TFT의 소스 전극에 접속했다.The TFT, gate electrode and signal line were placed on a 1.1 mm thick glass.

The surface was laminated | stacked, the surface was dimpled by die pressure, 100 nm of aluminum was deposited, and the pixel electrode was patterned. In addition, the aluminum reflection electrode was connected to the source electrode of TFT.

를 인쇄에 의해 형성했다.Next, three types of GH liquid crystal microcapsules consisting of yellow GH liquid crystal, cyan GH liquid crystal and magenta GH liquid crystal provided with the voltage transmittance curves shown in FIGS. 52 (a) and 52 (b) are irregular. Dispersed PVA Resin Layer 30

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판(10b)을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳐, 액정 셀로 했다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The 1.1-mm-thick transparent glass substrate 10b sputtered by thickness was made to oppose so that ITO and a PVA resin layer might contact, and it mutually overlapped, and it was set as the liquid crystal cell.

Hereinafter, a driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage whose voltage level and frequency were controlled between electrodes was applied.

In this example 8, eight colors with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

를 적용하고, 전압 레벨, 주파수 및 전압 응답 특성을 제어한 구동 전압을 인가한 경우에도 마찬가지로 콘트라스트가 약 3:1인 8색을 표시할 수 있었다.PVA resin layer 30 containing GH microcapsules of cyan, magenta, and yellow provided with the electro-optical properties shown in FIGS. 55 and 58 as the liquid crystal layer.

In the case of applying the driving voltage which controlled the voltage level, the frequency, and the voltage response characteristic, 8 colors with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed similarly.

Example 9

의 P1을 적층한 후, ITO를 50

증착하며, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 또, ITO 반사 전극은 TFT의 도시하지 않은 소스 전극에 접속했다.Thickness 2 colored with black by forming a TFT, a gate electrode and a signal line on a 1.1 mm thick glass substrate

After laminating P1, ITO 50

By vapor deposition, the pixel electrode was patterned. Moreover, the ITO reflective electrode was connected to the source electrode which is not shown in TFT.

을 인쇄에 의해 형성했다.Next, PVA in which three kinds of selective reflection liquid crystals, red microcapsules, green microcapsules, and blue microcapsules provided with a voltage transmittance curve as shown in Figs. 61 (a) and 61 (b), are irregularly dispersed. Resin Layer 30

Formed by printing.

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판을 ITO와 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳤다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness were opposed to each other so that the ITO and the PVA resin layer were in contact with each other.

Hereinafter, a driver IC is mounted using the TCP method, and a driving voltage whose voltage level and frequency are controlled is applied between the electrodes.

As shown in Figs. 61 (a) and 61 (b), when the applied voltage V1 is applied at the frequency F0, each of the GH liquid crystals of red, green, and blue absorbs the entire wavelength of white light, and thus is displayed in black. do. When the voltage V2 is applied, only the blue GH liquid crystal droplets can be transmitted and yellow can be displayed. When the applied voltage is set to V3, the red GH liquid crystal droplets are also transmitted to the blue GH liquid crystal droplets, and green can be displayed. In the case where the applied voltage is set to V4, in addition to the blue GH liquid crystal liquid and the red GH liquid crystal liquid, since the green GH liquid crystal liquid is in the transmissive state and the entire liquid crystal liquid is in the transmissive state, white color can be displayed.

Next, when a voltage is applied at the frequency F1, only the red GH liquid crystal region at the voltage V3 becomes transmissive and cyan can be displayed. When the voltage V4 is applied, the green GH liquid crystal region becomes transmissive with respect to the red GH liquid crystal liquid, and blue can be displayed.

Next, when a voltage is applied at the frequency F2, only the liquid GH liquid crystal green drawn at the applied voltage V4 becomes transmissive, and magenta can be displayed.

In this example 9, eight colors with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed.

를 적용하고, 전압레벨, 주파수 및 전압 응답 특성을 제어한 구동 전압을 인가한 경우에도 마찬가지로 콘트라스트가 악 3:1인 8색을 표시할 수 있었다.PVA resin layer 30 containing each of the GH microcapsules of red, green and blue provided with the electro-optical properties shown in FIGS. 62 and 65 as a liquid crystal layer.

In the case of applying the driving voltage which controlled the voltage level, the frequency, and the voltage response characteristics, 8 colors with contrast 3: 1 could be displayed.

[Example 10]

A driver IC was mounted on the liquid crystal display device having the layer structure shown in FIG. 51, and a driving voltage of the voltage level and frequency shown in FIGS. 52 (a) and 52 (b) was applied between the electrodes. .

In this example 10, eight colors with a contrast of about 3: 1 can be displayed.

를 적용하고, 전압 레벨, 주파수 및 전압 응답 특성을 제어한 구동 전압을 인가한 경우에도 마찬가지로 콘트라스트가 약 3:1인 8색을 표시할 수 있었다.Moreover, PVA resin layer 10 containing each GH microcapsule of cyan, magenta, and yellow provided with the electro-optical characteristic shown to FIGS. 55-58 as a liquid crystal layer

In the case of applying the driving voltage which controlled the voltage level, the frequency, and the voltage response characteristic, 8 colors with a contrast of about 3: 1 could be displayed similarly.

Example 11

로 P1을 적층하고, 형압에 의해 표면을 딤플 가공한 후, 알루미늄을 100 nm를 증착하며, 화소 전극을 패터닝했다. 알루미늄 반사 전극은 TFT의 소스 전극에 접속했다.As shown in FIG. 66, a glass having a thickness of 1.1 mm is used for the transparent substrate 10a, and a TFT, a gate electrode, and a signal line are provided.

After stacking P1 and dimple-processing the surface by die pressure, 100 nm of aluminum was vapor-deposited and the pixel electrode was patterned. The aluminum reflective electrode was connected to the source electrode of the TFT.

인 구분 구조 막대기(664‥‥)를 작성했다.Next, using the photosensitive polyimide 662, the depth and the length of one side were respectively 10 on the reflective electrode 661.

Phosphorus division structure bar (664 ...) was created.

Next, the yellow GH liquid crystal 666Y, the cyan GH liquid crystal 666C, and the magenta GH liquid crystal 666M provided with the voltage transmittance curves shown in FIGS. 52 (a) and 52 (b) are given a predetermined period. 1 type was injected into each of the divided structural bars (664 ...).

두께로 스퍼터된 두께 1.1 mm의 투명 글라스 기판(10b)을 ITO 대응 전극(668) 및 PVA 수지층이 접하도록 대향시켜 서로 겹쳐 액정층(666)을 형성했다.On top of that, ITO is 50

The transparent glass substrate 10b having a thickness of 1.1 mm sputtered in thickness was opposed to the ITO-compatible electrode 668 and the PVA resin layer so as to be in contact with each other to form a liquid crystal layer 666.

Hereinafter, the driver IC was mounted using the TCP method, and the drive voltage whose voltage level and frequency were controlled between electrodes was applied.

In this example 11, eight colors having a contrast of about 3: 1 can be displayed.

In addition, when the respective GH liquid crystals of cyan, magenta, and yellow provided with the electro-optical characteristics shown in FIGS. 55 and 58 are applied as the liquid crystal layer, and a driving voltage controlled by voltage level, frequency, and voltage is applied, contrast is also applied. Was able to display eight colors of about 3: 1.

In addition, it goes without saying that the process and cost for making each liquid crystal 666Y, 666C, and 666M into microcapsules in FIG. 66 are reduced.

67 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the arrangement of the liquid crystal layers of the single layer color liquid crystal display.

As is apparent from FIG. 67, the liquid crystal layer Y, the liquid crystal layer C, and the liquid crystal layer M each have a predetermined value such that at least one set of Y, C, M groups is arranged between the lower transparent substrate 10a and the upper transparent substrate 10b. Are arranged at an angle.

In this case, the thickness of each liquid crystal layer Y, liquid crystal layer C, and liquid crystal layer M is optimized so that the transmittance defined by the pigment | dye combined with the liquid crystal material corresponding to the liquid crystal material used for each liquid crystal layer is substantially equal. In addition, the tides of the liquid crystal layer formed between the lower transparent substrates 10b are substantially set to integer multiples.

FIG. 68 is a schematic diagram showing another modified example of the liquid crystal layer arrangement of the single color liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 67;

As is apparent from FIG. 68, the liquid crystal layer Y, the liquid crystal layer C, and the liquid crystal layer M are arranged approximately equilibrium also vertically between the lower transparent substrate 10a and the upper transparent substrate 10b, respectively.

According to this structure shown in FIG. 68, the process for manufacturing the dividing wall for dividing each liquid crystal layer is simplified. In addition, since light entering the respective liquid crystal layers from the lower transparent substrate 10a side can enter the adjacent liquid crystal layers by scattering in each liquid crystal layer, three colors provided by each liquid crystal layer alone (yellow = Y, Cyan = C and magenta = M), and three colors (red = R, green = G and blue = B) provided by passing through two layers of liquid crystal layer Y, liquid crystal layer C, and liquid crystal layer M, and the entire liquid crystal is transparent. Eight colors of white = W in the case and black = Bk in the case where all the liquid crystals are absorbed are displayed.

As described above, the liquid crystal display of the present invention is characterized in that the GH liquid crystal layer, the GH liquid crystal liquid crystal layer, the selective reflection liquid crystal layer, or the selective reflection liquid crystal liquid crystal have different colors of voltage transmittance characteristics, threshold characteristics, voltage holding characteristics, and voltage response characteristics. By arbitrarily combining, the panel structure and the number of scanning lines can be reduced. Thereby, a manufacturing method is simple and it can provide a highly reliable color liquid crystal display device.

Further, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the pixel electrode has a structure in which at least one kind of the pixel electrodes arranged inside is electrically connected to an adjacent pixel electrode, and a pixel electrode adjacent to each of the two kinds of pixel electrodes arranged outside. Structure electrically conducting with each other, the structure in which two types of pixel electrodes arranged outside are electrically connected, or the structure in which two types of pixel electrodes arranged outside are electrically connected with the other pixel electrodes of adjacent pixels. Defined by any one or a combination of the structures, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing process (reduce the number of steps) and to reduce the kind (step) of the driving voltage. Moreover, manufacture of a liquid crystal display device can be simplified.

Therefore, the yield at the time of manufacturing a color liquid crystal display device improves, and manufacturing cost is reduced.

As described above, in the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal drop is characterized in that at least one of the threshold voltage and the hysteresis characteristics includes a plurality of different types of liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal drop.

Further, in the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal droplet is characterized in that any one of the image recording period and the voltage includes a plurality of different periods.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal droplet is characterized in that the image recording period is longer than the response time of the liquid crystal.

Further, in the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal drop is characterized in that the voltage between the entire surfaces is applied.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal layer is characterized in that the potential of each display electrode of the next screen is set from the display screen information and the next screen information.

The display device of the present invention is characterized in that the driving voltage is changed only for the electrode whose display is changed in the display screen information and the next screen information in the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal layer.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal droplet includes a liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal droplet composed of three colors of yellow, cyan and magenta.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal drop is characterized in that at least one liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal drop hysteresis loop is included in the remaining liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal drop hysteresis loop.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal layer is provided with a hysteresis loop including at least one liquid crystal layer or a liquid crystal hysteresis loop, or the liquid crystal layer is included in the remaining liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal hysteresis loop. do.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal droplet includes a liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal droplet which selectively reflects wavelengths of red, green and blue.

In addition, the display device of the present invention has a first hysteresis characteristic, a first liquid crystal member capable of displaying a first color, a second hysteresis characteristic including hysteresis characteristics of the first liquid crystal member, and displays a second color. A third liquid crystal member having a possible second liquid crystal member, a third hysteresis characteristic including each of the hysteresis characteristics of the first and second liquid crystal members, and capable of displaying a third color, and each of the first to third liquid crystal members. A predetermined color is displayed on each of the first to third liquid crystal members by independently applying a predetermined drive voltage to the second liquid crystal member.

Further, in the display device of the present invention, the first to third liquid crystal units d drive voltages at which the first liquid crystal member changes from absorption to transmission, and d drive voltages at which the second liquid crystal member changes from absorption to transmission. F the drive voltage that the member changes from absorption to transmission f, the drive voltage that the first liquid crystal member changes from transmission to absorption c, the drive voltage that the second liquid crystal member changes from transmission to absorption b and the third liquid crystal member absorb from transmission When the driving voltage to be changed to a, d <e <f, a <b <c, and c <d are satisfied.

Further, the display device of the present invention has a liquid crystal display portion formed by a plurality of types of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal liquids having different threshold voltages at which transmittances change, and which have different voltage response characteristics and voltage holding characteristics.

In the display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal material includes three types of guest host liquid crystal materials containing respective pigments of yellow, cyan and magenta.

Moreover, in the display device of this invention, a liquid crystal material contains three types of selective reflection type liquid crystal material containing each pigment | dye of blue, green, and red.

The display device of the present invention includes a reflective display device that reflects white light to display a predetermined color.

A display device according to the present invention includes a pixel electrode formed in a matrix form for each pixel, a first insulating substrate including first driving means for driving the pixel electrode, and an opposing electrode held at a predetermined voltage level. A plurality of kinds of pigments, each of which includes a second insulating substrate disposed to face the pixel electrodes of the first insulating substrate so as to face the pixel electrodes of the first insulating substrate, and a pigment disposed between the first insulating substrate and the second insulating substrate, each having a different color component; A plurality of types of liquid crystal materials are provided with a liquid crystal material, the threshold voltage characteristics of which the transmittance of the liquid crystal material changes according to the magnitude of the applied voltage, the voltage response characteristics of which the transmittance of the liquid crystal material changes according to the pulse frequency of the applied voltage, and application The voltage holding characteristics that the transmittance of the liquid crystal material changes when switching the applied voltage on and off while the magnitude of the voltage and the pulse frequency are fixed are different. The.

In addition, the display device of the present invention has a plurality of types of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal droplets containing polychromatic dyes having different colors, respectively, and the color is changed based on the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal droplets. At least one kind of enemy has different frequency dependence in electro-optical properties with respect to other liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal droplets of different colors.

In addition, the display device of the present invention includes a plurality of kinds of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal drops each having a different selective reflection wave, and the color is changed based on the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal liquid. One kind has different frequency dependence in electro-optical properties with respect to another liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal layer of different colors.

In addition, the display device of the present invention is driven by an applied voltage in which two different frequencies overlap, and has a liquid crystal display formed by a plurality of kinds of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal drops having different frequency characteristics of the applied voltage.

In addition, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a liquid crystal display portion formed by a plurality of types of liquid crystal layers or liquid crystal drops having different frequency characteristics of the threshold voltage and the applied voltage whose transmittance changes.

In addition, the display device of the present invention includes a pixel electrode formed in a matrix shape for each pixel, a first insulating substrate including first driving means for driving the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode held at a predetermined voltage level. And a second insulating substrate disposed to face the pixel electrode of the first insulating substrate so as to face the pixel electrode of the first insulating substrate, and a pigment provided between the first insulating substrate and the second insulating substrate, each having a different color component. A plurality of types of liquid crystal materials are provided, and each kind of liquid crystal materials has a threshold voltage characteristic in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal material changes according to the magnitude of the applied voltage, and a frequency characteristic in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal material changes in accordance with the pulse frequency of the applied voltage. Are different.

In addition, the display device of the present invention stacks a plurality of liquid crystal layers, has three or more types of pixel electrodes for driving each liquid crystal layer, and has a different layer in a matrix type liquid crystal display device in which a voltage is applied to each pixel electrode for driving. Two types of pixel electrodes arranged in the structure have a common electrode structure in which they are alternately connected to each other.

Further, the display device of the present invention stacks a plurality of liquid crystal layers, has three or more kinds of pixel electrodes for driving each liquid crystal layer, and inwards in a matrix type liquid crystal display device for driving a voltage applied to each of the pixel electrodes. At least one kind of the arranged pixel electrodes is electrically connected to an adjacent pixel electrode.

In addition, the display device of the present invention stacks a plurality of liquid crystal layers, has three or more kinds of pixel electrodes for driving each liquid crystal layer, and moves outward in a matrix type liquid crystal display device in which a voltage is applied to each pixel electrode for driving. Two types of pixel electrodes arranged are electrically connected to adjacent pixel electrodes, respectively.

In addition, the display device of the present invention stacks a plurality of liquid crystal layers, has three or more kinds of pixel electrodes for driving each liquid crystal layer, and in a matrix type liquid crystal display device for driving a voltage applied to each of the pixel electrodes, The two types of pixel electrodes arranged by the two electrodes are electrically connected to each other.

In addition, the display device of the present invention has a plurality of pixel electrodes for stacking a plurality of liquid crystal layers, and has three or more kinds of pixel electrodes for driving each liquid crystal layer, and in the matrix type liquid crystal display device for driving a voltage applied to each of the pixel electrodes, The two types of pixel electrodes arranged in this manner are electrically connected to the other pixel electrodes of the adjacent pixels.

In addition, the display device of the present invention includes three liquid crystal layers and four kinds of electrodes.

Further, the display device of the present invention has a pixel electrode common to each line in accordance with the signal line.

Moreover, the display apparatus of this invention has the pixel electrode connected by the conductive member which penetrates at least one liquid crystal layer.

In the display device of the present invention, the pixel electrode disposed inwardly is electrically connected to the switch element on the substrate.

Further, the display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal material provided with an electro-optical characteristic value in which the threshold voltage is set to about 1/2 of the saturation voltage.

In the display device of the present invention, the pixel electrode potential is selected from a potential having a difference between the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage with respect to the standard potential.

In addition, the display device of the present invention includes a first insulating substrate, an electrode layer disposed on one side of the first insulating substrate and providing three divided areas, and the first insulating substrate having the electrode layer interposed therebetween. And a second insulating substrate opposed to the first insulating substrate, and a conductive member disposed between the first and second insulating substrates to electrically connect at least two electrode layers among the electrode layers.

In the display device of the present invention, the conductive member connects at least two pixel electrodes in the same plane electrode layer.

In the display device of the present invention, the conductive member connects at least two pixel electrodes among the electrode layers of different planes.

In the display device of the present invention, the conductive member connects at least two pixel electrodes adjacent to each other.

In addition, the display device of the present invention has a common electrode structure in which pixel electrodes arranged inside the stacked liquid crystal layers are electrically connected to adjacent pixel electrodes.

In addition, the display device of the present invention has three or more kinds of pixel electrodes for stacking a plurality of liquid crystal layers, and for driving each liquid crystal layer, and the pixel electrodes disposed inward are electrically connected to adjacent pixel electrodes.

Further, the display device of the present invention has first driving means for arbitrarily setting the potential of the pixel electrodes arranged outside the stacked liquid crystal layers, and second driving means for arbitrarily setting the potential of the pixel electrodes arranged inward.

In addition, the display device of the present invention includes a pixel electrode formed in a matrix shape for each pixel, a first insulating substrate including a first driving means for driving the pixel electrode, and one side of the first insulating substrate. A plurality of electrode layers providing three division regions, a pixel electrode disposed opposite to the first insulating substrate with the electrode layer interposed therebetween and formed in a matrix form for each pixel; and a second driving the pixel electrode. And a second insulating substrate including drive means and a liquid crystal material provided in the three divided areas, each containing a pigment having a different color component. In the same electrode layer among the plurality of electrode layers, adjacent two pixel electrodes are formed. While electrically conductive and common, the electrodes of other adjacent electrode layers are electrically conductive.

Claims (18)

Plural kinds of liquid crystal materials; And each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material includes a polychromatic dye having a different color, and the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage; And at least one kind of the liquid crystal material has electro-optical properties including hysteresis. The display device according to claim 1, wherein each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material has a different selective reflection wavelength. Plural kinds of liquid crystal materials; And each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material includes a polychromatic dye having a different color, and the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage; At least one kind of said liquid crystal material has a different voltage response characteristic with respect to another liquid crystal material. The display device of claim 3, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a different selective reflection wavelength. Plural kinds of liquid crystal materials; And each liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal material includes a polychromatic dye having a different color, and the liquid crystal material is provided with a characteristic that the color changes based on the magnitude of the applied voltage; At least one kind of said liquid crystal material has a different frequency response characteristic with respect to another liquid crystal material. The display device according to claim 5, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a different selective reflection wavelength. The display device according to claim 5, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined threshold voltage and a predetermined hysteresis characteristic, and at least one of the threshold voltage and the hysteresis characteristics is different from each other. The display device according to claim 3, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined threshold suppression and a predetermined hysteresis characteristic, and at least one of a threshold voltage and a hysteresis characteristic is different from each other. The display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined threshold voltage and a predetermined heat teresis characteristic, and at least one of the threshold voltage and the hysteresis characteristic is different from each other. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is formed of three colors of yellow, cyan and magenta. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is included in a hysteresis loop of another liquid crystal material having at least one hysteresis loop of the liquid crystal material. The display device of claim 3, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is formed of three colors of yellow, cyan and magenta. The display device of claim 3, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is included in a hysteresis loop of another liquid crystal material having at least one hysteresis loop of the liquid crystal material. The display device according to claim 5, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is made of three colors of yellow, cyan and magenta. The display device of claim 5, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials is included in a hysteresis loop of another liquid crystal material having at least one hysteresis loop of the liquid crystal material. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined image recording time and a recording voltage, and at least one of the image recording time and the recording voltage is different. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined image recording time and a recording voltage, and at least one of the image recording time and the recording voltage is different. The display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal materials has a predetermined image recording time and a recording voltage, and at least one of the image recording time and the recording voltage is different.

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