KR100225976B1 - A composite for plasma spraying of piston ring in engine - Google Patents
A composite for plasma spraying of piston ring in engine Download PDFInfo
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- KR100225976B1 KR100225976B1 KR1019960062853A KR19960062853A KR100225976B1 KR 100225976 B1 KR100225976 B1 KR 100225976B1 KR 1019960062853 A KR1019960062853 A KR 1019960062853A KR 19960062853 A KR19960062853 A KR 19960062853A KR 100225976 B1 KR100225976 B1 KR 100225976B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물에 관한 것으로, 피스톤 표면의 내마모성 및 내스커핑성을 높일 수 있도록 조성되는 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물에 있어서, 3-40wt%의 FeMo와 잔부가 Cr3C2-NiCr인 (Cr3C2-NiCr)-(FeMo)계로 구성되며, 이때의 Cr3C2-NiCr은 10-35wt%의 Cr과 잔부가 Ni인 10-40wt%의 NiCr이고, FeMo는 40-70wt%의 Mo와 0.3-2wt%의 Si와 잔부가 Fe로 구성된 조성범위에서 조성되어 피스톤 표면의 플라스마용사 코팅처리에 적용시킴으로써, 상온에서 고온까지 전온도범위의 가혹한 환경에서 동작되는 피스톤의 내마모성과 내스커핑성을 획기적으로 높일 수 있도록 한다.The present invention relates to a plasma spray composition of an engine piston, wherein in the plasma spray composition of an engine piston which is formulated to increase the abrasion resistance and scuffing resistance of the piston surface, 3-40 wt% FeMo and the balance are Cr 3 C. It is composed of (Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr)-(FeMo) -based 2 -NiCr, wherein Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr is 10-35wt% NiCr with 10-35wt% Cr and the balance Ni, FeMo is 40-70wt% Mo, 0.3-2wt% Si and the balance is composed of Fe and applied to the plasma spray coating on the piston surface, the piston operating in the harsh environment of the full temperature range from room temperature to high temperature It greatly improves the wear resistance and scuffing resistance.
Description
본 발명은 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물에 관한 것으로, 특히 저온에서 고온까지 광범위한 사용온도범위에서 견뎌야 하는 피스톤 표면의 내마모성 및 내스커핑(scuffing)성을 높일 수 있도록 한 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물에 관한 것이다.TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plasma spray composition of an engine piston, and in particular, a plasma spray composition of an piston for an engine for improving the abrasion resistance and scuffing resistance of a piston surface that must withstand a wide range of use temperatures from low temperature to high temperature. It is about.
일반적으로 엔진 성능이 향상되면서 고속 회전화에 따른 열부하가 증대하고, 그에 따른 대기 오염원인 배기가스의 규제에 대처하기 위해 EGR(emission gas recirulation)화 등이 요구되고 있는 추세이다.In general, as the engine performance is improved, the heat load due to the high speed rotation is increased, and in order to cope with the regulation of the exhaust gas, which is an air pollution source, the EGR (emission gas recirulation) is required.
이러한 엔진의 성능에 중요한 구성 요소인 피스톤은, 통상 알루미늄합금으로 이루어져서 가볍고 고속회전에 적합하며 열전도가 좋고 열팽창이 큰 특징을 갖고 있으며, 그 때문에 실린더라이너와 피스톤링 간에 마모가 일어나기 쉬우면서 접동면에 긁혀 흠집이 생기는 스커핑에 의해 피스톤의 성능이 떨어지는 문제가 있었다.The piston, which is an important component of the engine's performance, is usually made of aluminum alloy, which is light, suitable for high speed rotation, has good thermal conductivity and great thermal expansion, so that the wear between the cylinder liner and the piston ring is easy to occur and on the sliding surface. There is a problem in that the performance of the piston is deteriorated by scuffing that causes scratches.
한편, 지금까지는 경질크롬도금의 피스톤이 널리 사용되고 있는데 이것은 주철재 실린더라이너와의 내스커핑이 좋지 않으며, 이 피스톤의 표면 용사코팅에 사용된 기존의 플라스마용사의 경우에는 내마모성은 우수하지만 용사 코팅층의 밀도가 낮고 모재와의 결합력이 낮은 등의 문제점이 있었다.On the other hand, hard chromium-plated pistons have been widely used until now, which is not good for scuffing with cast iron cylinder liners. In the case of conventional plasma sprayers used for the surface spray coating of the pistons, the spray coating layer has excellent wear resistance. There was a problem such as low density and low bonding strength with the base material.
이에 본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 제반 문제점을 해소하기 위하여, 광범위한 온도범위내에서 내마모성이 우수한 Mo합금 및 접합성이 양호한 Cr-Ni합금을 주성분으로 하여 기타 합금분말을 조성시켜 상온에서 고온까지 전온도범위의 가혹한 환경에서 동작되는 피스톤의 내마모성과 내스커핑성을 획기적으로 높일 수 있도록 된 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention is to solve all the problems of the prior art, to form the other alloy powder, mainly made of Mo alloy with excellent wear resistance and good Cr-Ni alloy with good bonding resistance within a wide range of temperature range from room temperature to high temperature It is an object of the present invention to provide a plasma spray composition of a piston for an engine that can dramatically increase abrasion resistance and scuffing resistance of a piston operated in a severe environment of a range.
본 발명의 플라스마용사 조성물은 Cr탄화물과 Ni-Cr합금에 내마모성이 우수한 Mo을 첨가하면 고온에서의 강도및 내식성 등의 기계적 성질이 현저히 증가된다는 원리에서 창안한 것이다.Plasma spray composition of the present invention was created on the principle that the addition of Mo having excellent abrasion resistance to Cr carbide and Ni-Cr alloy significantly increases the mechanical properties such as strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures.
상기의 목적을 이루기 위한 본 발명의 플라스마용사 조성물은, (Cr3C2-NiCr)-(FeMo)계로 이루어지고, 여기에 FeMo의 wt%범위가 3-40%이며 잔부는 (Cr3C2-NiCr)이고, 그리고 FeMo는 40-70wt%의 Mo와 0.3-2wt%의 Si와 그밖에 잔부가 Fe이며, 또한 잔부 (Cr3C2-NiCr)에서 NiCr의 wt%범위가 10-40%이고 이때의 NiCr은 10-35wt%의 Cr과 나머지 잔부는 Ni로 구성되어 엔진의 피스톤 표면에 플라스마용사되는 조성물을 이루게 된다.Plasma spray composition of the present invention for achieving the above object is composed of (Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr)-(FeMo) -based, where the wt% range of FeMo is 3-40% and the balance is (Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr), and FeMo is 40-70wt% Mo, 0.3-2wt% Si, and the balance Fe is, and the balance (Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr) in the wt% range of NiCr 10-40% At this time, NiCr is composed of 10-35wt% Cr and the remainder of Ni to form a composition that is plasma sprayed on the piston surface of the engine.
도1은 본 발명의 플라스마용사 조성물에 따른 마찰계수 변화 그래프.1 is a friction coefficient change graph according to the plasma spray composition of the present invention.
도2는 본 발명의 플라스마용사 조성물에 따른 마모량 변화 그래프.Figure 2 is a wear amount change graph according to the plasma spray composition of the present invention.
*도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 자세히 설명하기로 하며, 본 발명의 실시예에 의해 생성된 플라스마용사 조성물을 표면 코팅처리하여 실험한 마찰계수 및 마모량의 결과는 하기의 도1 및 도2에 도시하고 있다.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, and the results of the coefficient of friction and the amount of friction experimented by surface coating the plasma spray composition produced by the embodiment of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 below. Doing.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
본 실시예에는 Cr3C2-25NiCr합금분말, Fe-60Mo합금분말, (CrC2-25NiCr)-10(Fe-60Mo)합금분말, (Cr3C2-25NiCr)-20(Fe-60Mo)합금분말의 4종류의 합금분말을 기계적 혼합을 통해 첨가한 실험 조성성분으로 사용되었다.In this embodiment, Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr alloy powder, Fe-60Mo alloy powder, (CrC 2 -25NiCr) -10 (Fe-60Mo) alloy powder, (Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr) -20 (Fe-60Mo) Four kinds of alloy powders of alloy powder were used as the experimental composition added through mechanical mixing.
상기 Cr3C2-25NiCr은 Cr3C2입자를 NiCr으로 코팅한 것이고, NiCr은 wt%로 80:20으로 혼합된 것이다.The Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr is a coating of Cr 3 C 2 particles with NiCr, NiCr is a mixture of 80:20 in wt%.
상기 Fe-60Mo합금은 합금분말상태로 사용했고, 이 Fe-60Mo합금 내에는 결합력을 높이기 위해 용융점이 낮은 Si가 하기 표 1에서 보듯이 0.85wt% 첨가되어 있다.The Fe-60Mo alloy was used in an alloy powder state, and in this Fe-60Mo alloy, 0.85 wt% of Si having a low melting point was added in order to increase the bonding force.
그리고, 모재는 SS400의 압연강판을 사용했으며, 본 실시예에 적용된 기본적인 플라스마용사의 분말조성은 표 1에 나타낸 것과 같다.And, the base material used a rolled steel sheet of SS400, the powder composition of the basic plasma spray applied in this embodiment is as shown in Table 1.
[표 1]TABLE 1
본 실시예에서는 플라스마용사 전에 모재와 용사층간의 밀착력을 향상시키기 위하여 샌드블라스트(sand blast)한 후에 초음파로 세척하였고, 그 다음 챔버에서 예열과 산화피막을 제거하기 위한 스퍼터링(sputteromg)처리를 한 후에 최종적으로 플라스마용사처리를 실시하였다.In the present embodiment, before the plasma spraying, sandblasting was performed to improve the adhesion between the base material and the sprayed layer, and then ultrasonically washed. Then, after the sputtering process to remove the preheating and the oxide film in the chamber, Finally, plasma spray treatment was performed.
이때의 플라스마용사처리를 했던 시편은 최종 3㎛의 다이아몬드 페이스트(paste)로 연마한 후에 고온에서 마찰실험을 행했다.The specimen subjected to plasma spray treatment at this time was subjected to a friction test at a high temperature after polishing with a final 3 μm diamond paste.
한편, 고온마모실험에서는 직경 25mm의 디스크를 사용했고 이때의 볼 재료는 건식상태의 Al2O3이며, 해당 실험온도는 200℃, 400℃, 600℃, 800℃이고, 그 하중은 100N, 왕복거리 4mm에서 마찰속도는 20cycle, 그실험시간은 15분이 적용되었다.In the high temperature wear test, a disc with a diameter of 25 mm was used, and the ball material at this time was Al 2 O 3 in a dry state, and the corresponding test temperatures were 200 ° C., 400 ° C., 600 ° C. and 800 ° C., and the load was 100 N, reciprocating. At 4mm distance, the friction speed was 20cycles and the test time was 15 minutes.
상기의 실시예에 사용된 각 조성성분의 용사층 특징을 고온마모실험에서의 플라스마용사 조성물에 따른 마찰계수 및 마모량의 변화를 나타낸 도면 1 및 도2를 통해 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Looking at the characteristics of the sprayed layer of each composition used in the above-described embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 showing the change in friction coefficient and wear amount according to the plasma spray composition in the high temperature wear test.
우선, Cr3C2-25NiCr합금분말의 용사층은 실험온도400℃까지는 마찰계수가 낮은 수준이나, 실험온도600℃부터는 마찰계수가 증가하였으며, 용사층의 마모량도이와 비슷한 경향을 보이나 600℃ 700℃에서는 마모량이 급격히 증가된 것을 알 수 있었다.First, the spray layer of Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr alloy powder had a low coefficient of friction until the experiment temperature of 400 ℃, but the friction coefficient increased from the experiment temperature of 600 ℃, and the wear of the spray layer showed similar tendency. It was found that the amount of wear sharply increased at ℃.
그리고, 높은 온도에서 상기 Cr3C2-25NiCr합금분말의 용사층은 면심입방격자(FCC)구조의 연한 80Ni-20Cr 기지상을 이루어 소착현상이 발생되므로, 400℃까지는 마모성이 양호하나 그 이상의 온도에서는 소착이나 조기 과대마모가 진행되었다.In addition, since the thermal spraying layer of Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr alloy powder at a high temperature forms a soft 80Ni-20Cr matrix with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, sintering occurs, and wear resistance is good up to 400 ° C. Sedimentation or premature excessive wear occurred.
또한, Fe-60Mo합금분말의 용사층은 200℃ 및 400℃의 비교적 저온범위에서 마모량과 마찰계수가 모두 높았으나, 600℃ 및 700℃의 비교적 고온범위에서는 그 마모량 및 마찰계수가 모두 극히 낮았지만 쉽게 산화되었다.In addition, the thermal spraying layer of Fe-60Mo alloy powder had both high wear and friction coefficient in the relatively low temperature range of 200 ° C and 400 ° C. Oxidized.
한편, (Cr3C2-25NiCr)-10(Fe-60Mo)합금분말과 (Cr3C2-25NiCr)-20(Fe-60Mo)합금분말의 용사층은 도1 및 도2의 실험결과에서 알 수 있듯이 두 용사층의 마모특성이 유사한 것을 알 수 있었다.On the other hand, the sprayed layers of (Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr) -10 (Fe-60Mo) alloy powder and (Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr) -20 (Fe-60Mo) alloy powder are shown in the experimental results of FIGS. As can be seen, the wear characteristics of the two thermal sprayed layers were similar.
즉, 전온도범위에서 마찰계수가 비교적 낮으면서 균일하였고, 마모량도작으면서 균일하였으며, 또한 600℃ 및 700℃의 비교적 고온범위에서 산화되는 문제도없었다.In other words, the friction coefficient was relatively low and uniform in the entire temperature range, the wear amount was small and uniform, and there was no problem of oxidizing in the relatively high temperature range of 600 ° C and 700 ° C.
그러나, Fe-60Mo의 wt%의 첨가량이 3%이하일 경우에는 첨가효과가 거의 없고, 40% 이상일 경우에는 마모특성이 Fe-60Mo의 것과 유사하여 고온산화 및 저온부의 마모특성이 좋지 않았다.However, when the amount of Fe-60Mo wt% is less than 3%, the addition effect is almost insignificant. At 40% or more, the wear property is similar to that of Fe-60Mo.
그리고, NiCr은 Cr3C2-25NiCr 프리알로이(Pre-alloy)분말의 조직에서 기지역할을 하여 용사층의 밀도 및 이 용사층과 모재와의 결합력을 높이는 것으로, 그 wt%가 10% 이하이면 별다른 효과가 없고, 40% 이상이면 연한 NiCr상이 많아져 스커핑 문제 등의 마모특성이 나빠졌다.In addition, NiCr increases the density of the sprayed layer and the bonding strength between the sprayed layer and the base material by performing localization in the structure of Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr pre-alloy powder. There is no particular effect, and if it is 40% or more, the soft NiCr phase increases, and the wear characteristics such as scuffing problems deteriorate.
그러나, Cr3C2-25NiCr의 고온에서 낮은 내마모성 및 높은 마찰계수와, Fe-60Mo의 저온에서 낮은 내마모성 및 높은 마찰계수 그리고 고온산화의 문제를 극복하기 위해 두 종류의 합성분말을 기계적으로 혼합하여 플라스마용사한 결과, 저온 및 고온의 전온도범위에서 마모특성이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다.However, in order to overcome the problems of low wear resistance and high friction coefficient at high temperature of Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr, low wear resistance and high friction coefficient at high temperature of Fe-60Mo and high temperature oxidation, As a result of plasma spraying, it was found that the wear characteristics were excellent in the entire temperature range of low temperature and high temperature.
따라서, 미시적으로 볼 때도 엔진에서 피스톤의 사용온도범위가 저온에서 고온까지로 광범위하기 때문에, 가능한 전온도범위에서 내마모성 및 내소착성이 전반적으로 낮은 반면 마찰계수는 전반적으로 낮으면서 균일하고 쉽게 산화되지 않도록 상술한 본 발명의 플라스마용사 조성물은, 3-40wt%의 FeMo와 잔부가 Cr3C2-NiCr인 (Cr3C2-25NiCr)-(FeMo)계로 구성되며, 이때의 Cr3C2-NiCr은 10-35wt%의 Cr과 잔부가 Ni인 10-40wt%의 NiCr이고, FeMo는 40-70wt%의 Mo와 0.3-2wt%의 Si와 잔부가 Fe로 구성된 조성범위에서 조성되어 피스톤 표면의 플라스마용사 코팅처리에 사용됨이 바람직한 것을 알 수 있었다.Therefore, even in the microscopic view, since the operating temperature range of the piston in the engine is wide, from low temperature to high temperature, the wear resistance and ignition resistance are generally low in the entire possible temperature range, while the friction coefficient is generally low and uniform and not easily oxidized. so that plasma spraying a composition of the invention as described above is added with glass FeMo of 3-40wt% Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr of (Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr) - (FeMo) is configured to step, where the Cr 3 C 2 - NiCr is 10-40wt% NiCr with 10-35wt% Cr and balance Ni, FeMo is composed of 40-70wt% Mo, 0.3-2wt% Si and balance with Fe It can be seen that the plasma spray coating is preferably used.
이상에서 살펴 본 바와 같이 본 발명의 엔진용 피스톤의 플라스마용사 조성물은, Cr3C2-25NiCr합금분말의 고온에서 낮은 내마모성 및 높은 마찰계수, 그리고 Fe-60Mo합금분말의 저온에서 낮은 내마모성 및 높은 마찰계수와 고온산화 등의 단점을 극복하고, 각 장점을 살리기 위해 두 종류의 합금분말을 기계적으로 혼합한 플라스마용사 조성물로 피스톤의 표면을 플라스마용사 코팅처리함으로써, 상온에서 고온까지 전온도범위에서 피스톤의 내마모성 및 내스커핑성을 획기적으로 높일 수 있는 효과를 제공하게 된다.As described above, the plasma spray composition of the engine piston of the present invention has a low wear resistance and high coefficient of friction at high temperature of Cr 3 C 2 -25 NiCr alloy powder, and low wear resistance and high friction at low temperature of Fe-60Mo alloy powder. In order to overcome the disadvantages such as coefficient and high temperature oxidation, and to make use of each strength, the plasma spray composition is mechanically mixed with two kinds of alloy powder. It will provide an effect that can significantly increase the wear resistance and scuffing resistance.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019960062853A KR100225976B1 (en) | 1996-12-07 | 1996-12-07 | A composite for plasma spraying of piston ring in engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KR1019960062853A KR100225976B1 (en) | 1996-12-07 | 1996-12-07 | A composite for plasma spraying of piston ring in engine |
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| KR19980044730A KR19980044730A (en) | 1998-09-05 |
| KR100225976B1 true KR100225976B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
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