JPWO2019212056A1 - Structures, electrochemical devices, and methods for supporting evaluation of structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure includes an electrolytic material and a carrier that supports the electrolytic material. The carrier comprises a plurality of particles, each of the plurality of particles having pores. The graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility includes the peak waveform, and the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is less than 1.0 × 10-6.

Description

The present invention relates to structures, electrochemical devices, and methods for supporting the evaluation of structures.

Lithium ion capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, and fuel cells are known as electrochemical devices.

A lithium ion capacitor usually includes an electrode containing activated carbon as a positive electrode and a lithium occlusion carbon material as a negative electrode similar to the negative electrode of a lithium ion battery. Lithium-ion capacitors charge and discharge by occluding and desorbing ions at the positive electrode and occluding and discharging lithium ions at the negative electrode (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Electric double layer capacitors usually include electrodes containing activated carbon as positive and negative electrodes. In an electric double layer capacitor, charging and discharging are performed by physical adsorption and desorption of electrolyte ions (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

The larger the contact area between the electrode and the electrolytic solution, the higher the capacitance of the lithium ion capacitor and the electric double layer capacitor. Activated carbon is porous, and many pores are formed on the surface of activated carbon. Therefore, the specific surface area of the activated carbon is large, and the capacitance can be increased by using the activated carbon as the material of the electrode. In other words, by using a porous material as the electrode material, the performance of the lithium ion capacitor and the electric double layer capacitor can be improved.

Fuel cells are classified into various types according to the type of electrolyte, the type of electrodes, and the like. Typical examples are alkaline type (AFC), phosphoric acid type (PAFC), molten carbonate type (MCFC), solid oxide type (SOFC), and solid polymer type (PEFC).

For example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The membrane-electrode assembly is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane, a cathode side electrode, and an anode side electrode. The cathode side electrode and the anode side electrode are formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane. The cathode side electrode and the anode side electrode include an electrode catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer, and the electrode catalyst layer usually has carbon black. Carbon black carries a catalyst such as platinum. Further, carbon black carries an ionomer (ion-exchangeable polymer) (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).

In the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the larger the contact area between the ionomer and the catalyst in the catalyst layer, the higher the current density. Carbon black (secondary particles) is porous, and many pores are formed on the surface of carbon black. Therefore, the specific surface area of carbon black is large, and by using carbon black for the catalyst carrier, the amount of ionomer and catalyst supported can be increased to increase the current density. In other words, the performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be enhanced by supporting the ionomer and the catalyst in the pores by using a porous material for the catalyst carrier.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-168832 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-085944 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-004662

However, even when a porous material is used as the electrode material of the electrochemical device, the characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved if the amount of the electrolytic material such as the electrolytic solution or ionomer that enters the pores is small. I can't let you.

The present inventor has diligently studied an electrochemical device and completed the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide a structure for improving the performance of an electrochemical device, an electrochemical device provided with the structure, and a method for supporting evaluation of the structure.

The structure according to the present invention includes an electrolytic material and a carrier that supports the electrolytic material. The carrier contains a plurality of particles, and each of the plurality of particles has pores. Further, the graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility includes the peak waveform, and the value of the ratio of the half width to the peak value of the peak waveform is less than ^{1.0 × 10 -6.}

In one embodiment, the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is 0.3 × 10 ^-6 or less.

In one embodiment, the value of the ratio of the full width at half maximum to the peak value of the peak waveform is 0.1 × 10 ^-6 or less.

In certain embodiments, the porosity of the particles is 75 or greater.

In certain embodiments, the porosity of the particles is 80 or greater.

In certain embodiments, the porosity of the particles is 85 or greater.

In certain embodiments, the electrolytic material comprises lithium ions.

In certain embodiments, the carrier carries an alkali metal component.

In certain embodiments, the carrier carries a catalyst.

In certain embodiments, the carrier carries a surfactant.

In certain embodiments, the electrolytic material comprises an ionomer.

In certain embodiments, the carrier comprises a carbon material.

In certain embodiments, the carrier comprises activated carbon.

The electrochemical device according to the present invention includes the above-mentioned structure.

The evaluation support method according to the present invention supports the work of evaluating a structure. The structure includes an electrolytic material and a carrier that supports the electrolytic material. The carrier contains a plurality of particles, and each of the plurality of particles has pores. The evaluation support method includes a step of collecting the particles from the carrier, a step of measuring the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles, and a step of creating a graph showing the ratio of the number of the particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility. Include.

In certain embodiments, the structure evaluation support method further includes the step of measuring the porosity of the particles from the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles.

According to the present invention, the performance of the electrochemical device can be improved.

(A) is a figure which shows the structure of the lithium ion capacitor which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (B) is a figure which shows the structure of the fuel cell which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the analyzer which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the movement of the particle which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the analyzer which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the evaluation support method of the structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the bar graph of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the bar graph of Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the bar graph of the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the particle number graph of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the particle number graph of Example 2. It is a figure which shows the particle number graph of the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the particle number graph of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the structure, electrochemical device, and evaluation support method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the figure, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description is not repeated.

[Structure]
The structure according to the present embodiment includes an electrolytic material and a carrier. The electrolytic material is typically an electrolyte or ionomer. The structure according to this embodiment is used for the positive electrode of a lithium ion capacitor or the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an electric double layer capacitor. Alternatively, the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the catalyst layer of the fuel cell.

The carrier according to the present embodiment contains a plurality of particles, and each of the plurality of particles has pores. Specifically, when the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the positive electrode of a lithium ion capacitor or the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, the carrier is a porous carbon material such as activated carbon. Including. Further, when the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the catalyst layer of a fuel cell, the carrier contains a porous carbon material such as carbon black (secondary particles).

The carrier according to this embodiment carries an electrolytic material. Specifically, the carrier supports the electrolytic material by entering the pores formed on the surface of each particle contained in the carrier and the gaps between the particles contained in the carrier. Further, by covering the surface of each particle contained in the carrier with the electrolytic material, the carrier supports the electrolytic material.

In the structure according to the present embodiment, when the volume magnetic susceptibility of each particle collected from the carrier is measured, the graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility includes a significant peak waveform. Further, the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is less than ^{1.0 × 10 -6.} Hereinafter, a graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility may be referred to as a “particle number graph”. Further, the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value may be described as "the value of the ratio of the peak waveform". The value of the peak waveform ratio is calculated by the following equation (1).
Ratio value = half width / peak value ... (1)

The fact that the value of the ratio of the peak waveform is included in a specific range indicates that the amount of the electrolytic material supported on the particles collected from the carrier is evenly large. Specifically, when the amount of the electrolytic material carried is small, the particle number graph does not include a significant peak waveform and becomes a broad waveform due to the variation in the volume magnetic susceptibility, that is, the variation in the amount of the electrolytic material carried. .. The variation in volume magnetic susceptibility also depends on the variation in particle size. On the other hand, when the value of the ratio of the peak waveform is included in a specific range, that is, when the particle number graph includes a significant peak waveform, the variation in the volume magnetic susceptibility is small, that is, the variation in the amount of the electrolytic material supported. Indicates that there are few. This is because when the amount of the electrolytic material carried is large, the ratio of the volume susceptibility of the electrolytic material contributing to the volume susceptibility of the particles becomes high.

According to the structure according to the present embodiment, the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is less than ^{1.0 × 10 -6.} This indicates that the amount of electrolytic material carried by the carrier is evenly large. Therefore, the structure according to the present embodiment can improve the characteristics of the electrochemical device. Specifically, when the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the positive electrode of the lithium ion capacitor, the capacitance of the lithium ion capacitor can be increased. Similarly, when the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electric double layer capacitor, the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor can be increased. Further, when the structure according to the present embodiment is used for the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, the current density of the fuel cell can be increased.

The value of the peak waveform ratio ^{is preferably 0.3 × 10 -6} or less, and more preferably 0.1 × 10 ^-6 or less. A peak waveform ratio value of 0.3 × 10 ^-6 or less indicates that the variation in volume magnetic susceptibility is small, and a peak waveform ratio value of 0.1 × 10 ^-6 or less. Indicates that the variation in volume magnetic susceptibility is even smaller. The smaller the variation in the volume magnetic susceptibility, the larger the amount of electrolytic material carried by the carrier, and the more the characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved.

Further, in the structure according to the present embodiment, the porosity of each particle collected from the carrier is preferably 75 or more. When the porosity is 75 or more, the amount of the electrolytic material supported is likely to increase. The porosity is more preferably 80 or more, and further preferably 85 or more. The higher the porosity, the more likely it is that the amount of electrolytic material supported will increase.

The porosity is measured by dispersing each particle collected from the carrier in a medium such as a solvent. Specifically, the porosity is the average of the volume (%) of the electrolytic material that has entered each particle collected from the carrier and the volume (%) of the medium that has entered each particle when measuring the porosity. Indicates a value. The volume (%) of the electrolytic material indicates the ratio of the volume of the electrolytic material (the volume of the electrolytic material that has entered the particles) to the volume of the particles. The volume of the medium (%) indicates the ratio of the volume of the medium (the volume of the medium that has entered the particles) to the volume of the particles. The total volume of the volume of the electrolytic material and the volume of the medium includes the volume of the electrolytic material and the medium that have entered the pores of the particles. When the particles are aggregates, the total volume of the volume of the electrolytic material and the volume of the medium is the volume of the electrolytic material and the medium that has entered the pores of each particle constituting the aggregate, and each particle constituting the aggregate. Includes the intervening electrolytic material and the volume of the medium.

The porosity P is calculated based on the following formula.
P = (Vc + Vm) / Vp = (Vc + Vm) / (Vb + Vc + Vm)

In the above formula, Vc indicates the volume of the electrolytic material, Vm indicates the volume of the medium, Vp indicates the volume of the particles, and Vb indicates the volume of the main body portion of the particles. The volume Vb of the main body portion of the particles indicates the volume of the particles in which the electrolytic material and the medium have not entered. When the particles to be measured are aggregates, the volume Vb of the main body portion of the particles indicates the total value of the volumes of the main body portions of each particle constituting the aggregate.

Alternatively, the porosity P may be calculated based on the following formula, assuming that the volume Vc of the electrolytic material is included in the volume Vm of the medium when the electrolytic material and the medium are the same material. In other words, the volume (%) of the medium may be used as the porosity P.
P = Vm / Vp

[Electrochemical device]
Subsequently, with reference to FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the electrochemical device according to the present embodiment will be described by taking a lithium ion capacitor and a fuel cell as an example. The structure of the negative electrode of the electric double layer capacitor is different from that of the lithium ion capacitor, but the structure of other parts is the same as that of the lithium ion capacitor, and the structure of the negative electrode of the electric double layer capacitor is that of the lithium ion capacitor. It has the same structure as the positive electrode. Therefore, the description of the electric double layer capacitor is omitted.

[Lithium ion capacitor]
FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a configuration of a lithium ion capacitor 10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1A, the lithium ion capacitor 10 includes a positive electrode 20, a negative electrode 30, and a separator 40.

The positive electrode 20 includes a current collector 21 and an electrode layer 22. The electrode layer 22 is formed on the surface of the current collector 21. The electrode layer 22 contains a porous carbon material and absorbs and desorbs anions and cations. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it is porous, and may be, for example, activated carbon, carbon fiber, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or the like. Specifically, the electrode layer 22 may include a carbon material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like. The electrode layer 22 is formed on the surface of the current collector 21 by applying a paste prepared by mixing a carbon material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like to the surface of the current collector 21.

The negative electrode 30 includes a current collector 31 and an electrode layer 32. The electrode layer 32 is formed on the surface of the current collector 31. The electrode layer 32 contains an electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions. Specifically, the electrode layer 32 may include an electrode active material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like. It is preferable to use a carbon material as the electrode active material. In the electrode layer 32, a paste prepared by mixing an electrode active material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like is applied to the surface of the current collector 31, and then lithium ions are supported on the electrode active material by a predoping step. As a result, it is formed on the surface of the current collector 31.

The separator 40 is arranged between the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30. Generally, the separator 40 is adjacent to the electrode layer 22 of the positive electrode 20 and the electrode layer 32 of the negative electrode 30. The lithium ion capacitor 10 has a configuration in which a positive electrode 20, a negative electrode 30, and a separator 40 are immersed in an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it contains lithium ions, but a non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved is preferable.

When the electrode layer 22 of the positive electrode 20 contains activated carbon produced by the alkali activation method, the carbon material (supporter) of the electrode layer 22 may further support an alkali metal component. For example, when potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is used for the activation treatment, potassium ions or sodium ions can be supported by the carbon material (carrier) of the electrode layer 22.

In the lithium ion capacitor 10 according to the present embodiment, the electrode layer 22 of the positive electrode 20 is an example of the structure of the present invention, and the carbon material of the electrode layer 22 of the positive electrode 20 is an example of the carrier of the present invention. Specifically, the carbon material of the electrode layer 22 is porous, and the electrolytic solution that has entered the pores is supported by the carbon material. Further, the electrolytic solution that has entered between the carbon materials contained in the electrode layer 22 is supported by the carbon materials.

[Fuel cell]
FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell 50 according to the present embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 1B shows the configuration of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the fuel cell 50 includes a separator 51, a gas diffusion layer 52, an anode electrode catalyst layer 53 (fuel electrode), a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 54, and a cathode electrode catalyst layer 55 (air electrode). To be equipped with.

The catalyst layers 53 and 55 contain an ionomer and a carbon material carrying a catalyst. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it is porous, and may be, for example, carbon black such as acetylene black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or the like. The catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it causes a battery reaction at the fuel electrode and the air electrode of the fuel cell, but platinum or a transition metal is preferable.

In the present embodiment, the carbon materials of the catalyst layers 53 and 55 carry ionomers as the electrolytic material. The ionomer covers the surface of the carbon material and functions as a conductive path.

The carbon materials of the catalyst layers 53 and 55 may further carry a surfactant. The support of the surfactant on the carbon material facilitates the ionomer and catalyst to enter the pores of the carbon material. The surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, various nonionic surfactants such as an ester type, an ether type, and an ester ether type can be used.

In the fuel cell 50 according to the present embodiment, the catalyst layers 53 and 55 are examples of the structure of the present invention, and the carbon material of the catalyst layers 53 and 55 is an example of the carrier of the present invention. Specifically, the carbon materials of the catalyst layers 53 and 55 are porous, and the ionomers that have entered the pores are supported by the carbon materials. In addition, an ionomer covering the surface of the carbon material is supported by the carbon material.

The structure according to the present embodiment is not used only for the positive electrode of the lithium ion capacitor, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electric double layer capacitor, and the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, and a plurality of particles having pores (supported). As long as the body) has a structure that supports an electrolytic material, it can be used for various electrode members.

[Analysis equipment]
Subsequently, the analyzer 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. The analyzer 100 according to this embodiment measures the volume magnetic susceptibility and porosity of individual particles.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the analyzer 100 according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the analyzer 100 measures the individual volume magnetic susceptibility and porosity of the particles collected from the electrode members of the electrochemical device. The analyzer 100 includes a magnetic field generation unit 200, an observation unit 300, and an information processing unit 400. The cell 201 is arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic field generation unit 200.

The magnetic field generation unit 200 generates a magnetic field to magnetically run the particles p in the cell 201. The observation unit 300 observes the particle p in the cell 201. The information processing unit 400 measures the particle size and the magnetic susceptibility of the particle p from the result of the observation by the observation unit 300, and measures the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p based on the measured particle size and the magnetic susceptibility. Further, the information processing unit 400 measures the porosity of the particle p based on the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p. Further, the information processing unit 400 creates a graph (particle number graph) showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility. Hereinafter, the analyzer 100 will be described in more detail.

The magnetic field generation unit 200 generates a magnetic field gradient (gradient of magnetic flux density) to apply a magnetic force to the particles p in the cell 201. As a result, the particle p is magnetically electrophoresed. In this embodiment, the magnetic field generator 200 includes a pair of permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field gradient. The two permanent magnets constituting the pair of permanent magnets are arranged, for example, with a gap of 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less at a certain distance. The cell 201 is arranged in the gap between the two permanent magnets.

In this embodiment, cell 201 is a capillary tube. The material of the cell 201 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of transmitting visible light or laser light. For example, cell 201 can be made of glass or plastic.

The particle p is present in the medium m. One particle p may be present in the medium m, or a plurality of particles p may be present in the medium m. When a plurality of particles p are present in the medium m, the plurality of particles p may be dispersed in the medium m or unevenly distributed in the medium m. The medium m may be a liquid or a gas. The medium m can be, for example, propylene carbonate or acetonitrile. Alternatively, the medium m can be, for example, air. The medium m may or may not contain a component of the electrolytic material, that is, a component of the ionomer or a component of the electrolytic solution.

The particles p are introduced into cell 201 together with the medium m by, for example, a microsyringe, a micropump, or an autosampler. Alternatively, the particle p can be introduced into cell 201 along with the medium m, based on the siphon principle. Alternatively, a droplet containing the particle p may be introduced into the cell 201 (capillary tube) by a capillary phenomenon. When a droplet containing the particle p is dropped on one end of the capillary tube, the droplet flows through the capillary tube due to the capillary phenomenon.

The observation unit 300 observes the particle p in the cell 201 and generates a signal indicating the observation result. The information processing unit 400 measures the particle size and the magnetic migration speed of the particle p based on the signal generated by the observation unit 300. The information processing unit 400 includes a storage device 401, a processing device 402, and a display device 403. The information processing unit 400 is typically a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer.

The storage device 401 stores programs, setting information, and the like. The storage device 401 may be composed of, for example, a storage device and a semiconductor memory. The storage device is, for example, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive). The storage device 401 may have, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a ROM (Read Only Memory) as the semiconductor memory.

The processing device 402 performs various processes such as numerical calculation, information processing, and device control by executing the program stored in the storage device 401. The processing device 402 is configured by a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), for example.

The display device 403 includes a display such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. The display device 403 is controlled by the processing device 402 to display various images and various screens. In the present embodiment, the display device 403 displays a particle number graph.

The processing device 402 acquires a temporal change in the position of the particle p in the cell 201 from the observation result of the observation unit 300. For example, the processing apparatus 402 measures the position of the particle p in the cell 201 at predetermined time intervals. In other words, the position of the particle p at different times is measured. The processing apparatus 402 measures the magnetic migration rate of the particle p from the temporal change of the position of the particle p.

Further, the processing device 402 measures the particle size of the particle p from the signal generated by the observation unit 300. The processing apparatus 402 further measures the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p based on the particle size and the magnetic migration speed of the particle p.

For example, the processing apparatus 402 calculates the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p based on the following equation (2).
v = {2 (χp-χm) r ² / 9ημ _o } B (dB / dx) ... (2)

In equation (2), v is the magnetic permeability of the particle p, χp is the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p, χm is the volume magnetic susceptibility of the medium m, r is the radius of the particle p, and η is. The viscosity of the medium m, μ _o is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum, B is the magnetic flux density, and dB / dx is the magnetic flux gradient (gradient of the magnetic flux density). The equation (2) is derived from the fact that the difference in magnetic force received by the particle p and the medium m in the axial direction (x direction) of the cell 201 (capillary tube) is substantially equal to the viscous resistance force.

The magnetic migration speed v and the volume magnetic susceptibility χp of the particle p are measured values measured by the processing apparatus 402. The radius r of the particle p is calculated from, for example, the particle diameter of the particle p measured by the processing apparatus 402. The volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m, the viscosity η of the medium m, the magnetic permeability μ _{o of the} vacuum, the magnetic flux density B, and the magnetic field gradient dB / dx are stored in advance in the storage device 401. For example, an analyst operates an input device such as a keyboard, mouse or touch display to operate a medium m with a volume magnetic susceptibility χm, a medium m with a viscosity η, a vacuum magnetic permeability μ _o , a magnetic flux density B, and a magnetic field. The gradient dB / dx can be stored in the storage device 401. The volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m, the viscosity η of the medium m, and the magnetic permeability μ _{o of the} vacuum are, for example, literature values. The magnetic flux density B and the magnetic field gradient dB / dx are, for example, measured values.

When the processing device 402 measures the individual volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles collected from the electrode member of the electrochemical device, the processing device 402 stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401. The processing device 402 creates a particle number graph based on the data indicating the measurement result and displays it on the display device 403.

The processing apparatus 402 further measures the individual porosity of the particles collected from the electrode members of the electrochemical device. Specifically, the particles collected from the electrode members of the electrochemical device carry an electrolytic material. When measuring the porosity, prepare particles of the same type as those collected from the electrode members of the electrochemical device. In other words, particles that do not carry an electrolytic material are prepared. Then, in addition to measuring the volume magnetic susceptibility and the particle size of the particles collected from the electrode member of the electrochemical device, the volume magnetic susceptibility and the particle size of the particles that do not carry the electrolytic material are measured.

The porous particles p, that is, the particles p having pores, can be divided into a main body portion b and a void portion s1 when the electrolytic material is not supported. In this case, the volume (%) of the void portion s1 can be expressed by the following formula (3).
P1 = Vs1 / Vp = Vs1 / (Vb + Vs1) ... (3)

In the formula (3), P1 is the volume (%) of the void portion s1 of the particle p, Vs1 is the volume of the void portion s1 of the particle p, Vp is the volume of the particle p, and Vb is the main body of the particle p. It is the volume of the part b. As shown in the following formula (4), the volume Vp of the particle p can be expressed by the sum of the volume of the main body portion b of the particle p and the volume of the void portion s1 of the particle p. When the particles p are aggregates, the volume Vs1 of the void portion s1 of the particles p is the total value of the volumes of the pores formed in each particle constituting the aggregate and each particle constituting the aggregate. The total value of the volume of the gap between them is shown.
Vp = Vb + Vs1 ... (4)

When the void portion s1 of the particle p is filled with the medium m, the relationship between the volume magnetic susceptibility and the product of the volume shows the relationship of the following equation (5).
χpVp = χbVb + χmVs1 ... (5)

In the formula (5), χp is the volume susceptibility of the particle p, χb is the volume susceptibility of the main body portion b of the particle p, and χm is the volume susceptibility of the medium m. When the particle p is an agglomerate, the volume magnetic susceptibility of the main body portion of the particle p indicates the volume magnetic susceptibility of the main body portion of the particles constituting the agglomerate.

Based on the above equations (3) to (5), the equation (3) can be converted into the following equation (6). In the present embodiment, the processing apparatus 402 measures the volume (%) of the void portion s1 of the particle p based on the following formula (6). In other words, the processing apparatus 402 measures the volume (%) of the medium that has entered the particles p. When the processing device 402 measures the volume (%) of the void portion s1 of the particles p, the processing device 402 stores data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401.
P1 = (χp-χb) / (χm-χb) ... (6)

The volume magnetic susceptibility χp of the particle p is a measured value measured by the processing apparatus 402. The volume magnetic susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p and the volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m are stored in advance in the storage device 401. For example, the analyst can operate the input device to store the volume magnetic susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p and the volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m in the storage device 401. The volume magnetic susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p and the volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m are, for example, literature values.

Further, from the above formula (3), the volume Vs1 of the void portion s1 of the particle p, that is, the volume Vm1 of the medium m that has entered the particle p can be expressed by the following formula (7).
Vm1 = Vs1 = P1 × Vp ... (7)

Therefore, the above equation (4) can be converted into the following equation (8).
Vp = Vb + Vs1 = Vb + P1 × Vp ... (8)

Therefore, the volume Vb of the main body portion b of the particle p can be expressed by the following equation (9).
Vb = Vp-Vs1 = Vp-P1 × Vp ... (9)

The processing device 402 measures the volume Vb of the main body portion b of the particle p based on the above formula (9), and stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401. Alternatively, the analyst calculates the volume Vb of the main body portion b of the particle p based on the above formula (9). In this case, the analyst operates the input device to store the calculated data indicating the volume Vb in the storage device 401. The volume Vp of the particle p can be calculated by the analyst from the particle size of the particle p measured by the processing device 402. In this case, the analyst operates the input device to store the calculated data indicating the volume Vp in the storage device 401. Alternatively, the processing apparatus 402 may measure the volume Vp of the particles p based on the particle size of the particles p. In this case, the processing device 402 stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401.

On the other hand, when the porous particles p carry an electrolytic material, the particles p can be divided into a main body portion b, a void portion s2, and a supported electrolytic material. In this case, the volume (%) of the void portion s2 can be expressed by the following formula (10).
P2 = Vs2 / Vp = Vs2 / (Vb + Vs2 + Vc) ... (10)

In formula (10), P2 is the volume (%) of the void portion s2 of the particle p, Vs2 is the volume of the void portion s2 of the particle p, Vp is the volume of the particle p, and Vb is the body of the particle p. It is the volume of the portion b, and Vc is the volume of the electrolytic material carried on the particles p. As shown in the following formula (11), the volume Vp of the particle p is the volume of the main body portion b of the particle p, the volume of the void portion s2 of the particle p, and the volume of the electrolytic material supported on the particle p. It can be expressed as a sum. When the particles p are aggregates, the volume Vs of the void portion s2 of the particles p is the total value of the volumes of the pores formed in each particle constituting the aggregate and each particle constituting the aggregate. The total value of the volume of the gap between them is shown.
Vp = Vb + Vs2 + Vc ... (11)

When the void portion s2 of the particle p is filled with the medium m, the relationship between the volume magnetic susceptibility and the product of the volume shows the relationship of the following equation (12).
χpVp = χbVb + χmVs2 + χcVc ... (12)

In equation (12), χp is the volume susceptibility of the particle p, χb is the volume susceptibility of the body portion b of the particle p, χm is the volume susceptibility of the medium m, and χc is the volume susceptibility of the electrolytic material. The rate. When the particle p is an agglomerate, the volume magnetic susceptibility of the main body portion of the particle p indicates the volume magnetic susceptibility of the main body portion of the particles constituting the agglomerate.

Based on the above equations (10) to (12), the equation (10) can be converted into the following equation (13). In the present embodiment, the processing apparatus 402 measures the volume (%) of the void portion s2 of the particle p based on the following formula (13). In other words, the processing apparatus 402 measures the volume (%) of the medium that has entered the particles p.
P2 = (χc-χp) / (χc-χm)-(χc-χb) x Vb / ((χc-χm) x Vp) ... (13)

The volume magnetic susceptibility χp of the particle p is a measured value measured by the processing apparatus 402. The volume magnetic susceptibility χc of the electrolytic material, the volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m, and the volume magnetic susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p are stored in advance in the storage device 401. For example, the analyst may operate the input device to store the volume susceptibility χc of the electrolytic material, the volume susceptibility χm of the medium m, and the volume susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p in the storage device 401. it can. The volume magnetic susceptibility χc of the electrolytic material, the volume magnetic susceptibility χm of the medium m, and the volume magnetic susceptibility χb of the main body portion b of the particle p are, for example, literature values. The volume Vb of the main body portion of the particle p is a value measured or calculated based on the above formula (9) and is stored in the storage device 401. The volume Vp of the particle p can be calculated by the analyst from the particle size of the particle p measured by the processing apparatus 402. In this case, the analyst operates the input device to store the calculated data indicating the volume Vp in the storage device 401. Alternatively, the processing device 402 may measure the volume Vp of the particles p based on the particle size of the particles p. In this case, the processing device 402 stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401.

Further, from the above formula (10), the volume Vs2 of the void portion s2 of the particle p, that is, the volume Vm2 of the medium that has entered the particle p can be expressed by the following formula (14). The processing device 402 measures the volume Vm2 of the medium based on the following formula (14), and stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401. Alternatively, the analyst may calculate the volume Vm2 of the medium based on the following equation (14). In this case, the analyst operates the input device to store the calculated data indicating the volume Vm2 in the storage device 401.
Vm2 = Vs2 = P2 × Vp ... (14)

Further, the above formula (11) can be converted into the following formula (15) based on the above formula (14).
Vp = Vb + Vs2 + Vc = Vb + P2 × Vp + Vc ... (15)

Therefore, the volume Vc of the electrolytic material supported on the particles p can be expressed by the following formula (16).
Vc = Vp-Vb-Vs2 = Vp-Vb-P2 × Vp ... (16)

The processing device 402 measures the volume Vc of the electrolytic material supported on the particles p based on the above formula (16), and stores the data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401. Alternatively, the analyst may calculate the volume Vc of the electrolytic material supported on the particles p based on the above formula (16). In this case, the analyst operates the input device to store the calculated data indicating the volume Vc in the storage device 401.

The processing device 402 uses the volume Vp of the particles p (volume of the particles collected from the electrode member of the electrochemical device) stored in the storage device 401, the volume Vm2 of the medium, and the volume Vc of the electrolytic material, and uses the following formula. Based on (17), the porosity P is measured.
P = (Vc + Vm2) / Vp ... (17)

When the processing device 402 measures the porosity P, the processing device 402 stores data indicating the measurement result in the storage device 401. The processing device 402 causes the display device 403 to display the data indicating the porosity P based on the data indicating the measurement result.

When the electrolytic material and the medium are the same material, the processing apparatus 402 refers to the volume magnetic susceptibility measured from each particle collected from the electrode member of the electrochemical device, and is based on the above formula (6). The rate P (volume of the medium (%)) may be measured.

Subsequently, the movement of the particle p will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). 3 (a) and 3 (b) are diagrams showing the movement of the particle p. Specifically, FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the relationship between the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p and the medium m and the moving direction of the particle p. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the magnetic field generation unit 200 includes a permanent magnet 200a having an N pole as a magnetic pole and a permanent magnet 200b having an S pole as a magnetic pole. The two permanent magnets 200a and 200b face each other with the cell 201 interposed therebetween.

As shown in FIG. 3A, when the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p is smaller than the volume magnetic susceptibility of the medium m, the particle p moves in a direction away from the magnetic field (magnetic field generation unit 200). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p is larger than the volume magnetic susceptibility of the medium m, the particle p moves in a direction approaching the magnetic field (magnetic field generation unit 200).

As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the movement of the particle p is determined according to the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p and the medium m. The particles p receive a force in the vicinity of the ends of the permanent magnets 200a and 200b. For example, the particle p receives a force within a range of about ± 200 μm from the vicinity of the ends of the permanent magnets 200a and 200b.

Subsequently, the analyzer 100 will be further described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the analyzer 100. As shown in FIG. 4, the analyzer 100 further includes a light source 500. Further, the observation unit 300 includes an enlargement unit 301 and an imaging unit 302.

The light source 500 emits light having a relatively high intensity including a visible light component. The light source 500 irradiates the cell 201 with light. As a result, the particle p is irradiated with light. The wavelength spectrum of the light emitted from the light source 500 may be relatively broad. As the light source 500, for example, a halogen lamp is preferably used.

The particle p introduced into the cell 201 is magnified by the magnifying unit 301 at an appropriate magnification and imaged by the imaging unit 302. The position of the particle p can be specified from the image pickup result of the image pickup unit 302 (the image captured by the image pickup unit 302). For example, the magnifying unit 301 includes an objective lens, and the imaging unit 302 includes a charge coupling element (Charge Coupled Device: CCD). Alternatively, each pixel of the imaging unit 302 may be composed of a photodiode or a photomultiplier tube. The imaging unit 302 images the particles p, for example, at predetermined time intervals. The imaging unit 302 may image the light emitted from the light source 500 and transmitted through the cell 201, or may image the light emitted from the light source 500 and scattered by the particles p.

The information processing unit 400 (processing device 402) acquires a temporal change in the position of the particle p from the imaging result of the imaging unit 302, and measures the magnetic migration speed of the particle p from the temporal change in the position of the particle p. To do.

Further, the information processing unit 400 (processing device 402) measures the particle size of the particle p from the imaging result of the particle p. For example, the information processing unit 400 (processing device 402) executes the following processing. That is, first, the image captured by the imaging unit 302 is monochromeized, and the brightness thereof is quantified. Next, the boundary value of the particle p is set by comparing the differential value of the luminance value with the threshold value. Next, the area of the particle p is detected from the set boundary, and the particle diameter is obtained from the radius of the circle corresponding to the area. Alternatively, the center of the particle p is defined, a plurality of straight lines passing through the center of the particle p are drawn, and the average of the distances between two points intersecting the boundary of the particle p on each straight line is calculated.

[Evaluation support method]
Subsequently, with reference to FIG. 5, the evaluation support method for the structure according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an evaluation support method for the structure according to the present embodiment. The evaluation support method according to the present embodiment can be executed by using the analyzer 100 described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, first, the particles p1 are collected from the carrier of the structure (step S1). Specifically, the particles p1 are collected from the electrode members of the electrochemical device. Specifically, a part of the electrode member is scraped off, and a part of the scraped electrode member is crushed to obtain particles p1. For example, when the electrochemical device is a lithium ion capacitor, the particles p1 are collected from the electrode layer of the positive electrode. When the electrochemical device is an electric double layer capacitor, particles p1 are collected from the positive electrode layer or the negative electrode layer. If the electrochemical device is a fuel cell, the particles p1 are harvested from the catalyst layer.

Next, the particles p1 to be magnetized are observed, and the magnetic migration speed and the particle size of the particles p1 are measured from the observation results (step S2). Next, the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p1 is measured based on the measured magnetic migration rate and the particle size of the particle p1 (step S3).

Next, the porosity of the particle p1 is measured based on the measured volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p1 (step S4). For example, a particle p2 of the same type as the particle p1 is prepared, and the particle size and volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p2 are measured in the same manner as in steps S2 and S3. Next, the volume of the main body portion of the particle p2 is measured based on the measured volume magnetic susceptibility and particle diameter of the particle p2. Further, based on the volume magnetization rate of the particle p1, the particle diameter of the particle p1, and the volume of the main body portion of the particle p2, the volume of the particle p1, the volume of the electrolytic material supported on the particle p1, and the volume of the electrolytic material p1 are entered. Measure the volume of the medium. Next, the porosity P of the particles p1 is measured with reference to the volume of the particles p1, the volume of the electrolytic material, and the volume of the medium.

Next, a graph (particle number graph) showing the ratio of the number of particles p1 to the volume magnetic susceptibility is created based on the measured volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles p1 (step S5).

The analyst determines whether the particle number graph created contains a significant peak waveform. When a significant peak waveform is included in the graph, the analyst obtains the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value (value of the ratio of the peak waveform) from the graph. Then, the analyst evaluates the structure based on whether or not the value of the ratio of the peak waveform is included in a specific range.

In the present embodiment, the particle number graph is created after the porosity is measured, but the particle number graph may be created before the porosity is measured. Further, in the present embodiment, the analyst obtained the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms, but the information processing unit 400 determines whether or not the particle number graph includes a significant peak waveform, and the significant peak waveform is obtained. When included in the graph, the value of the ratio of the peak waveform may be calculated and the calculation result may be displayed on the display device 403. Further, the information processing unit 400 may determine whether or not the value of the ratio of the peak waveform is included in the specific range, and display the determination result on the display device 403.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings (FIGS. 1 to 5). According to this embodiment, the characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented in various embodiments without departing from the gist thereof.

For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the particle number graph is displayed on the display device 403, but the particle number graph may be printed. Similarly, the measurement result of the porosity may be printed.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the porosity is measured, but the measurement of the porosity may be omitted.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field generating unit 200 includes a pair of permanent magnets 200a and 200b, but the magnetic field generating unit 200 includes a pair of magnetic pole pieces (pole pieces) for generating a magnetic field gradient. May be good. Alternatively, the magnetic field generator 200 may include an electromagnet, a magnetic circuit, or a superconducting magnet to generate a magnetic field gradient. When the magnetic field generation unit 200 includes a pair of magnetic pole pieces, the two magnetic pole pieces constituting the pair of magnetic pole pieces are arranged with a gap of a certain distance of, for example, 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less. The cell 201 is arranged in the gap between the two magnetic pole pieces. The magnetic pole piece can be, for example, a magnetized iron piece. Iron pieces can be magnetized by, for example, permanent magnets, electromagnets, magnetic circuits, or superconducting magnets.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cell 201 is a capillary tube, but the cell 201 may be a glass cell or a plastic cell. The glass cell and the plastic cell have recesses for holding the medium m containing the particles p. Alternatively, the glass cell and the plastic cell have a flow path through which the medium m containing the particles p flows. When the cell 201 is a glass cell or a plastic cell having a microchannel, when a droplet containing the particles p is dropped on one end of the microchannel, the droplet flows through the microchannel due to a capillary phenomenon.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the analyzer 100 includes the light source 500, but the analyzer 100 may include a laser in place of the light source 500, or may further include a laser in addition to the light source 500. .. When the analyzer 100 includes a light source 500 and a laser, when the light source 500 emits light, the emission of the laser beam from the laser is stopped, and when the laser beam is emitted from the laser, the emission from the light source 500 is performed. Stops the emission of light. When a laser is used, the particles p introduced into the cell 201 are irradiated with the laser beam. The imaging unit 302 images the laser light (scattered light) scattered by the particles p via the magnifying unit 301.

When irradiating the particle p with a laser beam, the capillary tube is preferably a square capillary having a square cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the axial direction thereof. By using the square capillary, it becomes easy to mirror-finish the side surface of the cell 201 to be irradiated with the laser beam.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the particle p is obtained by image analysis, but the Brownian motion of the particle p may be analyzed to measure the particle size of the particle p. Specifically, the diffusion coefficient is obtained from the dispersion of the change (displacement) in the position of the particle p in the direction (y direction) orthogonal to the axial direction (x direction) of the capillary tube, and the particle diameter of the particle p is calculated from this diffusion coefficient. Can be sought. Alternatively, a laser may be used to obtain the particle size of the particles p, for example based on dynamic light scattering or static light scattering.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the information processing unit 400 (processing device 402) measures the particle size of the particle p, but the image captured by the imaging unit 302 is displayed on the display device 403 and displayed on the display device 403. The analyst may measure the particle size of the particle p from the image. Alternatively, the image captured by the imaging unit 302 may be printed, and the analyst may measure the particle size of the particle p from the printed image.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the imaging unit 302 acquires the magnetic migration speed of the particle p by imaging the particle p at predetermined time intervals, but using a laser, for example, based on the laser Doppler method. The magnetic migration rate of the particle p may be measured.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p is obtained based on the measured value of the magnetic migration rate, but the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particle p can also be obtained by using a SQUID element, a magnetic balance, or the like. Good.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the information processing unit 400 measures the particle size, but a literature value may be used for the particle size of the particle p.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.

[Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1]
In this example, three types of activated carbon were prepared and three types of samples were prepared. Specifically, a paste-like sample containing activated carbon, a binder, and a conductive auxiliary agent as main components was prepared. Next, a paste-like sample was applied to the surface of the plate-shaped member to prepare an electrode plate, and the electrode plate was immersed in propylene carbonate, which is a simple substitute for the electrolytic solution. For the plate-shaped member, an aluminum foil having a plurality of through holes was used. An acrylic polymer binder was used as the binder. Acetylene black was used as the conductive auxiliary agent. Then, the electrode plate was taken out from the propylene carbonate, a part of the sample was scraped off, and a part of the scraped sample was powdered in a mortar. Then, the powdery sample is dispersed in a medium (propylene carbonate), a part of the medium in which the sample is dispersed is separated and introduced into a cell, and the volume magnetic susceptibility and porosity of each particle (volume of the medium (volume of the medium (medium volume) %)) Was measured. Further, the number of particles was measured for each volume magnetic susceptibility, a bar graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility (number of particles%) was created, and a particle number graph was created from the bar graph. One of the three types of samples is Comparative Example 1.

The maximum value of the magnetic field applied at the time of measurement was 2.7T. The distance between the N-pole permanent magnet and the S-pole permanent magnet was 0.4 mm. As the cell, a square tubular cell made of glass was used. Specifically, the cell was a square having a cross-sectional shape of 100 μm × 100 μm in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction. Propylene carbonate (volume magnetic susceptibility: −7.50 × 10 ^-6 ) was used as the medium.

Table 1 shows the measurement results of the volume magnetic susceptibility and the porosity of Example 1.

Table 2 shows the measurement results of the volume magnetic susceptibility and the porosity of Example 2.

Table 3 shows the measurement results of the volume magnetic susceptibility and the porosity of Comparative Example 1.

As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, the porosity of Example 1 was 85 or more. The porosity of Example 2 was 80 or more. On the other hand, the porosity of Comparative Example 1 was not 75 or more.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a bar graph of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a bar graph of the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a bar graph of Comparative Example 1. Further, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a particle number graph of Example 1. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a particle number graph of Example 2. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a particle number graph of Comparative Example 1. In FIGS. 6 to 11, the vertical axis represents the number of particles (%), and the horizontal axis represents the volume magnetic susceptibility. Specifically, the particle number graph shown in FIG. 9 was obtained by connecting the vertices of each bar graph shown in FIG. 6 with line segments and smoothing those line segments. Similarly, the particle number graphs shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 were obtained from the bar graphs shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Table 4 shows the half-value width of each of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1, the peak value (%) of the number of particles, and the ratio value of the peak waveform (value of the ratio between the half-value width and the peak value). The measurement result of is shown.

As shown in FIG. 9, the particle number graph of Example 1 included a significant peak waveform, and as shown in Table 4, the value of the ratio of the peak waveform was about 0.06 × 10 ^-6 . Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the particle number graph of Example 2 also included a significant peak waveform, and as shown in Table 4, the value of the ratio of the peak waveform was approximately 0.33 × 10 ^-6 . .. Therefore, the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms of Example 1 was included in the range of less than ^{1.0 × 10 -6.} Similarly, the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms of Example 2 was included in the range of ^{0.3 × 10 -6 or less.} On the other hand, the particle number graph of Comparative Example 1 had a broad waveform as shown in FIG. 11, and the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms was about 1.17 × 10 ^-6 as shown in Table 4.

Further, as a result of producing a lithium ion capacitor using the electrode plate coated with the sample of Example 1, the capacitance per unit weight was 78 [F]. Similarly, as a result of producing a lithium ion capacitor using the electrode plate coated with the sample of Example 2, the capacitance per unit weight was 56 [F]. As a result of producing a lithium ion capacitor using the electrode plate coated with the sample of Comparative Example 1, the capacitance per unit weight was 53 [F]. Therefore, Examples 1 and 2 in which the value of the peak waveform ratio ^{is less than 1.0 × 10 -6} improved the performance of the lithium ion capacitor as compared with Comparative Example 1.

[Example 3 and Comparative Example 2]
In Example 3, a sample in which ionomer was compounded in an amount of 0.3% by mass with respect to carbon black was used. In Comparative Example 2, carbon black was used as a sample. Similar to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, a powdery sample was dispersed in a medium, a part of the medium in which the sample was dispersed was separated and introduced into a cell, and the volume magnetic susceptibility of each particle was determined. It was measured. However, unlike Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, water was used as the medium. Further, the number of particles was measured for each volume magnetic susceptibility, a bar graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility (number of particles%) was created, and a particle number graph was created from the bar graph.

Table 5 shows the measurement results of the full width at half maximum, the peak value (%) of the number of particles, and the ratio value of the peak waveform (the value of the ratio between the half width and the peak value) of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. ..

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing particle number graphs of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2. In FIG. 12, the vertical axis represents the number of particles (%), and the horizontal axis represents the volume magnetic susceptibility. As shown in FIG. 12, the particle number graph of Example 3 included a significant peak waveform, and as shown in Table 5, the value of the ratio of the peak waveform was about 0.12 × 10 ^-6 . Therefore, the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms of Example 3 was included in the range of ^{0.3 × 10 -6 or less.} On the other hand, the particle number graph of Comparative Example 2 had a broad waveform as shown in FIG. 12, and the value of the ratio of the peak waveforms was about 1.0 × 10 ^-6 as shown in Table 5.

The present invention is useful for electrochemical devices.

10 Lithium ion capacitor 20 Positive electrode 21 Current collector 22 Electrode layer 30 Negative electrode 31 Current collector 32 Electrode layer 40 Separator 50 Fuel cell 51 Separator 52 Gas diffusion layer 53 Anode electrode catalyst layer 54 Solid polymer electrolyte film 55 Cathode electrode catalyst layer 100 Analyzer 200 Electrode generator 200 Electrode generator 201 Cell 300 Observation unit 301 Enlargement unit 302 Imaging unit 400 Information processing unit m Medium p Particles

Claims (16)

Electrolytic material and
A carrier for supporting the electrolytic material is provided.
The carrier contains a plurality of particles and contains a plurality of particles.
Each of the plurality of particles has pores and has pores.
A graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility includes peak waveforms.
A structure in which the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is ^{less than 1.0 × 10 -6.} The structure according to claim 1, wherein the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is 0.3 × 10 ^{-6 or less.} The structure according to claim 2, wherein the value of the ratio of the half width of the peak waveform to the peak value is 0.1 × 10 ^{-6 or less.} The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particles have a porosity of 75 or more. The structure according to claim 4, wherein the particles have a porosity of 80 or more. The structure according to claim 5, wherein the particles have a porosity of 85 or more. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrolytic material contains lithium ions. The structure according to claim 7, wherein the carrier supports an alkali metal component. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the carrier carries a catalyst. The structure according to claim 9, wherein the carrier carries a surfactant. The structure according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the electrolytic material contains an ionomer. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the carrier contains a carbon material. The structure according to claim 12, wherein the carrier contains activated carbon. An electrochemical device comprising the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13. It is an evaluation support method that supports the work of evaluating a structure.
The structure includes an electrolytic material and a carrier that supports the electrolytic material.
The carrier contains a plurality of particles and contains a plurality of particles.
Each of the plurality of particles has pores and has pores.
The evaluation support method is
The step of collecting the particles from the carrier and
The step of measuring the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles and
A method for supporting evaluation of a structure, which includes a step of creating a graph showing the ratio of the number of particles to the volume magnetic susceptibility. The method for supporting evaluation of a structure according to claim 15, further comprising a step of measuring the porosity of the particles from the volume magnetic susceptibility of the particles.

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