JPWO2019087452A1 - Cam apparatus, mechanical apparatus, component, bearing, vehicle, and machine manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The cam profile of the cam (20) has a rotating end (28) in which the cam shaft (22) cannot be rotated in the reverse direction by the cam follower (30) at one end in the circumferential direction. A cam surface (21) with which the cam follower (30) abuts to the open end (29), which is the other end, is provided. The other end in the circumferential direction of the cam surface (21) has a distance from the cam shaft (22). 22) and greater than the distance between the rotary ends (28). As a result, the pressure angle in the lift region of the cam is greatly relieved to achieve smooth operation and downsizing.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cam, a cam device, a mechanical device, and parts, bearings, a vehicle, and a machine manufacturing method. More specifically, the present invention greatly reduces the pressure angle in the lift region of the cam to achieve smooth operation, and can reduce the size of the cam, the cam device, the mechanical device, and the parts, bearings, The present invention relates to a vehicle and a method for manufacturing a machine.

  In conventional cam mechanisms that convert rotational motion to linear motion, such as plate cams and cylindrical cams, lift areas and dwell areas are formed on the circumferential surface of the plate cam or cylindrical cam, or on the end face of the cylinder according to the required motion. Then, by rotating the cam in one direction, the cam follower is linearly operated according to the shapes of the lift region and the dwell region. That is, the cam surface of the plate cam or the cylindrical cam becomes a continuous closed track constituted by a combination of the lift area and the dwell area of the cam follower going process, the returning process, and the stopping process.

  When it is desired to increase the lift-up speed or lift-down speed of the cam follower in the plate cam or the cylindrical cam, this is achieved by increasing the rotational speed of the cam. However, if the change in rotational speed is not allowed due to the balance with other cams, the rotational speed of the cam is not changed, and the allocated angle of the lift area is reduced. Since the pressure angle increases as the allocation angle decreases, the entire cam needs to be increased. The same applies to the case where the lift amount is increased with the same allocation angle. Due to physical pressure angle restrictions, the cam device becomes large and the drive device requires a large amount of power.

  In the multi-cam device of Patent Document 1, a main cam and an auxiliary cam that rotates faster than the main cam are arranged to overlap each other, and the process of sudden change of the main cam is performed by the auxiliary cam to reduce the cam pressure angle. Are trying to exercise smoothly. In the profile variable cam device of Patent Document 2, the first cam and the second cam are relatively rotated by a cam profile adjusting mechanism to change the operating angles of the first and second cams. The profile can be adjusted. Further, in the cam device of Patent Document 3, at least two disc-shaped cams having an uneven cam area are overlapped on the outer peripheral surface, and a concave surface is formed on a part of the outer peripheral surface to make the cam profile variable.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-69470 Japanese National Utility Model Publication No. 60-141406 Japanese National Utility Model Publication No. 53-14066

  However, in Patent Document 1, the driving mechanism for rotating the main cam and the auxiliary cam is complicated, and there is a problem that the entire cam mechanism is difficult to downsize and simplify. Patent Documents 2 and 3 aim to make the cam profile variable, but both use two cams, making it difficult to downsize the cam device.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to greatly reduce the pressure angle in the lift region of the cam to achieve smooth operation, and a miniaturized cam, cam device, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a mechanical device and a method of manufacturing a component, a bearing, a vehicle, and a machine.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
(1) A cam that converts rotational motion in the forward and reverse directions around the cam shaft into linear motion of a cam follower,
The cam profile of the cam has a cam surface at which one end of the cam shaft has a rotation end at which the cam shaft cannot rotate in the reverse direction by the cam follower, and the cam follower contacts the other end in the circumferential direction. And the other circumferential end of the cam surface has a larger distance from the cam shaft than a distance between the cam shaft and the rotating end.
(2) The cam surface is formed by an outer surface of the cam,
The other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction,
The cam according to (1), wherein an outer surface of the cam between the rotating end and the open end has a discontinuous portion that is not in contact with the cam follower.
(3) The cam according to (2), wherein a pressure angle at the rotation end is set to 60 ° or more.
(4) The cam surface is formed by a side surface of a spiral groove that is continuous from the position near the cam shaft to the outer surface formed on the surface of the cam.
The cam according to (1), wherein the other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction.
(5) The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the cam surface regardless of the rotation in the forward direction and the reverse direction of the cam shaft. The cam according to any one of (1) to (4), further comprising a dwell region in which the lift amount of the cam follower is constant.
(6) The cam according to (5), wherein the dwell region is provided over a predetermined allocation angle on both sides in the circumferential direction of the lift region.
(7) The cam according to (5), wherein the dwell region is formed in the middle of the lift region.
(8) The cam according to any one of (1) to (7), a cam follower that linearly moves by rotational movement around the cam shaft of the cam, forward rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop of the cam shaft, and And a rotational drive device that rotationally controls the rotational speed of the cam device.
(9) The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the cam surface regardless of the rotation in the forward direction and the reverse direction of the cam shaft. A dwell region where the lift amount of the cam follower is constant,
The cam follower pause process is realized by stopping the rotation of the dwell region or the camshaft,
The lift-up process and lift-down process of the cam follower are realized by forward rotation and reverse rotation of the cam shaft,
The cam device according to (8), wherein all or part of a change in speed of the cam follower in the lift-up process and the lift-down process of the cam follower is realized by controlling a rotational speed of the cam shaft.
(10) A method for manufacturing a part, comprising the cam device according to (8) or (9) and manufacturing the part.
(11) A method for manufacturing a bearing, comprising the cam device according to (8) or (9) and manufacturing a bearing.
(12) A method for manufacturing a vehicle, comprising the cam device according to (8) or (9) and manufacturing a vehicle.
(13) A method for manufacturing a machine, comprising the cam device according to (8) or (9) to manufacture a machine.

  According to the cam of the present invention, the pressure angle in the lift region is small and the size can be greatly reduced as compared with a conventional cam that performs the same operation.

  Further, according to the cam device of the present invention, the cam has a cam curve similar to that of a conventional cam by rotating the cam around the cam shaft in a normal rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control, and Compared to a conventional cam device, the size can be greatly reduced.

It is a perspective view of the cam apparatus concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the cam apparatus shown in FIG. (A) is a side view which shows the state in which a cam rotates normally, (b) is a side view which shows the state in which a cam reversely rotates. It is a cam diagram of the cam apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view of the conventional plate cam which implement | achieves the cam diagram similar to the cam apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows the 1st modification of the cam of 1st Embodiment. It is a side view which shows the 2nd modification of the cam of 1st Embodiment. It is a side view which shows the 3rd modification of the cam of 1st Embodiment. It is a side view of the cam apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 10 is a cam diagram of the cam device shown in FIG. 9. It is a side view of the conventional plate cam which implement | achieves the cam diagram similar to the cam apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view of the cam apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the cam apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a partial fracture perspective view of a ball bearing which is an example of parts produced using a cam device of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, a cam and a cam device according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cam device 10 of the present embodiment has a cam 20 having a cam profile 21 formed on the outer surface and a cam shaft 22 of the cam 20 in a forward direction and a reverse direction. A rotation drive device M that can be rotated and a cam follower 30 that rolls on the cam surface 21 and moves linearly according to the shape of the cam profile.

In the present embodiment, the cam surface 21 forming the cam profile is formed to have a discontinuous portion 27 where the cam follower 30 does not contact with a part of the circumferential direction. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the cam profile has a rotation end 28 at which the cam shaft 22 cannot be rotated in the reverse direction (clockwise) by the cam follower 30 at one end in the circumferential direction. The other end in the circumferential direction is a distance from the cam shaft 22 (in this embodiment, a radius R2 of a second dwell region 26, which will be described later), and a distance between the cam shaft 22 and the rotating end 28 (in this embodiment, It is designed to be larger than the radius R1) of the rotating end 28 at the boundary with the first dwell region 24 described later. Furthermore, the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is an open end 29 that allows the cam shaft 22 to rotate in the forward direction (counterclockwise) while the cam follower 30 is in contact with the other circumferential end. .
In the present embodiment, the rotation end 28 indicates an arc region along the outer peripheral surface of the cam follower 30.
In the following description, the case where the camshaft 22 rotates in the forward direction (counterclockwise) is referred to as forward rotation, and the case where it rotates in the reverse direction (clockwise) is referred to as reverse rotation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the cam surface 21 includes a first dwell region 24, a lift region 25, and a second dwell region 26 clockwise from the rotation end 28.
The first dwell region 24 is designed so that the radius (distance) R1 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is constant. The lift region 25 is formed continuously with the first dwell region 24 and is designed so that the radius (distance) R from the center O of the cam shaft 22 gradually increases. The second dwell region 26 is formed continuously with the lift region 25, and the radius (distance) R2 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is larger than the radius R1 of the first dwell region 24 and is designed to be constant. Further, the discontinuous portion 27 is formed between the rotation end 28 at one end in the circumferential direction and the open end 29 at the other end in the circumferential direction.

  The lift region 25 is continuous with one end 24 a of the first dwell region 24 and the other end 26 a of the second dwell region 26. The radius R from the center O of the cam shaft 22 in the lift region 25 gradually increases from the radius R1 to the radius R2 from the first dwell region 24 toward the second dwell region 26. The dwell region 26 is smoothly connected. For this reason, in the lift region 25, when the cam shaft 22 rotates in the forward direction, the lift amount of the cam follower 30 increases, and when the cam shaft 22 rotates in the reverse direction, the lift amount of the cam follower 30 decreases. In the dwell regions 24 and 26, the lift amount of the cam follower 30 is constant regardless of the rotation of the cam shaft 22 in the forward direction and the reverse direction.

  The allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 is set to be significantly larger than the total angle (θ2 + θ3) of the allocation angle θ2 of the first dwell region 24 and the allocation angle θ3 of the second dwell region 26 formed on both sides in the circumferential direction. The reason why the allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 is set large is to make the cam follower 30 operate smoothly by making the pressure angle in the lift region 25 as small as possible.

  For this reason, it is desirable that the allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 occupies most of the entire circumference (360 °) of the cam 20. That is, the allocation angles θ2 and θ3 of the first and second dwell regions 24 and 26 provided from one end in the circumferential direction and the other end in the circumferential direction are the slight angles necessary for stopping and starting the cam 20, and the remaining angles Most of the angles may be assigned as the assigned angle θ1 of the lift region 25.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is set to 90 °, and the discontinuous portion 27 is formed in parallel to the direction in which the cam follower 30 moves linearly.
The pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is a pressure angle at which the cam follower 30 at the rotating end 28 is in contact with the discontinuous surface, and specifically, the normal of the cam surface with which the cam follower 30 is in contact and the direction in which the cam follower 30 travels. Represents the angle between

  The cam follower 30 linearly moves in the longitudinal direction of the guide 31 by the guide rod 32 having one end rotatably connected to the cam follower 30 guided by the guide 31.

  The rotation driving device M is a motor capable of forward rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control, and is constituted by, for example, a servo motor or a pulse motor. The rotation driving device M is connected to the cam shaft 22 and controls the cam 20 in normal rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control.

  Next, the operation of the cam device 10 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the cam curve shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, while the cam follower 30 is in contact with the rotation end 28 of the cam surface 21, the rotation drive device M is started and the cam follower 30 moves to one end 24 a of the dwell region 24. The cam 20 is rotated forward at a predetermined constant speed. During this time, an initial pause step S1 of the cam curve is formed.

3A, when the cam 20 further rotates forward at a predetermined constant speed and the cam follower 30 reaches the lift region 25, the cam follower 30 is cammed along the cam profile of the lift region 25. The cam curve lift-up step S2 is formed by gradually separating (lifting up) from the center O of the cam 20.
Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, after the cam follower 30 reaches the second dwell region 26, the rotation driving device M is decelerated, and the rotation of the cam 20 stops until the cam follower 30 reaches the open end 29. . Thereby, the cam follower 30 stops the linear motion, and the intermediate pause process S3 is formed.

Further, when the rotational drive device M is started and the cam 20 is reversely rotated at a constant speed (which may be a speed different from the rotational speed at the time of forward rotation), the cam follower 30 follows the cam profile of the lift region 25. The center O of 20 gradually approaches (lifts down), and a cam curve lift-down step S4 is formed.
At that time, when the movement speeds (gradients) of the lift-up process S2 and the lift-down process S4 are made different, the reverse rotation is performed at a rotation speed different from the normal rotation speed. When the cam follower 30 reaches the first dwell region 24, the rotational driving device M is decelerated, and the cam curve final stop step S5 is formed.

In the lift-up process S2 and the lift-down process S4 shown in FIG. 4, the acceleration and deceleration of the rotation of the cam 20 are cam curve shapes (MS curve shapes) with an allocation angle θ1, and adjacent first dwell regions 24, The second dwell region 26 is smoothly connected, and the lift region 25 rotates at a stable constant rotational speed.
It should be noted that at least a part of the acceleration region and the deceleration region of the rotation of the cam 20 is applied to the end of the lift region 25 (the connection portion between the first dwell region 24 and the second dwell region 26 of the lift region 25). By controlling the rotational drive device M, acceleration / deceleration may be performed more smoothly than the normal cam curve shape. That is, in addition to the cam curve shape, the lift characteristics may be given by the speed change of the rotary drive device M in the lift region 25.

  As described above, the cam device 10 of the present embodiment converts the reciprocating rotation into the linear motion of the cam follower 30 as the cam 20 reciprocates. At that time, the cam 20 does not rotate the cam follower 30 beyond the discontinuous portion 27. The linear motion described here is not limited to the linear motion of the cam follower 30 as in the present embodiment, but also includes the swing motion of the cam follower 30 around the other end of the link connected to the cam follower 30. .

  As described above, in the cam device 10 of the present embodiment, the lift-up process S2 and the lift-down process S4 are formed by the normal rotation and the reverse rotation in the same lift area 25. The size can be increased as compared with a conventional cam device. As a result, the pressure angle in the lift region 25 can be reduced to enable smooth operation, and the cam device 10 can be downsized.

  For example, if the lift amount (R2-R1) of the cam 20 is set to 12 mm and the allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 is set to 315 °, the pressure angle in the lift region 25 becomes approximately 6 °, and the cam follower 30 can be smoothly operated. It becomes possible. Furthermore, when the diameter of the cam shaft 22 and the diameter of the cam follower 30 are φ28 mm and φ16 mm, respectively, the maximum radius R2 of the cam 20 can be 28 mm, and the conventional plate cam 100 (maximum) shown in FIG. Compared with the radius r = 87.5 mm), the size can be greatly reduced. Further, if the diameter of the cam shaft 22 can be reduced, further downsizing is possible.

  The operation of the cam device 10 according to the present invention can be more easily understood by comparing with the conventional cam device. FIG. 5 is a side view of a conventional plate cam 100 having a cam curve (see FIG. 4) similar to that of the cam device 10 of the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the conventional plate cam 100 has a first lift region 101 and a second lift region 102, and a first dwell region 103, between the first and second lift regions 101, 102, And a second dwell region 104 is provided. The lift amounts of the first and second lift regions 101 and 102 are both 12 mm, the first allocation angle θa of the first lift region 101 is 25 °, and the second allocation angle θb of the second lift region 102 is 30 °. is there.

  When the pressure angle in the lift region is about 30 °, the maximum radius r of the plate cam 100 is 87.5 mm in order to obtain a lift amount of 12 mm in the first lift region 101 having an allocation angle θa of 25 °. . The diameter of the cam shaft 105 and the diameter of the cam follower 30 were respectively the same φ28 mm and φ16 mm as those of the cam device 10 of the first embodiment.

  By rotating the plate cam 100 at a constant speed, the first dwell region 103, the first lift region 101, the second dwell region 104, and the second lift region 102 respectively cause an initial pause step S1 and a lift shown in FIG. A cam curve having a lift amount of 12 mm having an up step S2, an intermediate pause step S3, a lift down step S4, and an end pause step S5 is obtained.

  That is, the first dwell region 103 of the plate cam 100 corresponds to the first dwell region 24 of the cam 20 of the present embodiment, the first lift region 101 corresponds to the lift region 25 during normal rotation, and the second dwell region 104. Corresponds to the second dwell region 26, and the second lift region 102 corresponds to the lift region 25 during reverse rotation.

  In the cam device 10 of the present embodiment, in order to obtain the same displacement speed as the displacement speed (gradient) in the lift-up step S2 of the conventional plate cam 100, the lift area 25 (assignment angle θ1) of the cam 20 during the forward rotation. = 315 °) is set to the same time as the passage time of the first allocation angle θa (25 °) of the conventional plate cam 100. Further, in the cam device 10, in order to obtain the same displacement speed as the displacement speed (gradient) in the lift-down process S4 of the conventional plate cam 100, the lift area 25 (assignment angle θ1 = 315 °) of the cam 20 at the time of reverse rotation. Is set to the same time as the passing time of the second allocation angle θb (30 °) of the conventional plate cam 100.

  As described above, the cam device 10 of the present embodiment can greatly increase the allocation angle θ1 with respect to the lift region 25, and the cam 20 compared to the mechanism of the conventional plate cam 100 in which the cam surface is a continuous closed track. Can be greatly reduced in size. That is, the cam device 10 of the present embodiment has both a function of reducing the size of the cam device 10 and a function of smoothing the operation by reducing the pressure angle in the lift region 25. Furthermore, the cam profile is made variable by changing the rotational speed of the cam 20.

  As described above, according to the cam 20 of the present embodiment, the cam profile has the rotating end 28 at which the cam shaft 22 cannot be rotated in the reverse direction by the cam follower 30 at one end in the circumferential direction. To the other end in the circumferential direction (open end 29). The cam surface 21 is in contact with the cam follower 30. The other end in the circumferential direction of the cam surface 21 has a distance from the cam shaft 22 between the cam shaft 22 and the rotary end 28. Greater than the distance. Thereby, the cam 20 can be significantly reduced in size compared with the conventional plate cam 100 which performs the same operation | movement.

  The cam surface 21 is formed by the outer surface of the cam 20, and the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is an open end 29 that allows the cam shaft 22 to rotate in the forward direction. The cam surface 21 therebetween has a discontinuous portion 27 that is not in contact with the cam follower 30. Thereby, the cam 20 can set the allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 to be large, and can reduce the pressure angle in the lift region 25.

  Further, the cam surface 21 lifts the cam follower 30 regardless of the lift region 25 that increases the lift amount of the cam follower 30 and the rotation of the cam shaft 22 in the forward and reverse directions when the cam shaft 22 rotates in the forward direction. A first dwell region 24 and a second dwell region 26 having a constant amount. Thereby, the cam 20 can form a cam curve having lift-up, lift-down, and lift stop by rotating the cam 20 forward and backward.

  Further, the first dwell region 24 and the second dwell region 26 are provided over predetermined allocation angles θ2 and θ3 on both sides in the circumferential direction of the lift region 25, respectively. Thereby, the cam 20 absorbs the variation at the time of starting or stopping of the rotary drive device M by the first dwell region 24 and the second dwell region 26, and the initial pause process S1, the intermediate pause process S3, and the final period. A pause step S5 can be formed.

  Further, according to the cam device 10 of the present embodiment, the cam 20 described above, the cam follower 30 that moves linearly by the rotational movement of the cam 20 around the cam shaft 22, and the cam shaft 22 rotate forward, reverse, and rotate. And a rotation driving device M that rotates and controls rotation speed. As a result, the cam device 10 has a cam curve similar to that of the conventional plate cam 100 by rotating the cam 20 around the cam shaft 22 with normal rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control. In addition, the size can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional cam device.

  Further, the cam surface 21 lifts the cam follower 30 regardless of the lift region 25 that increases the lift amount of the cam follower 30 and the rotation of the cam shaft 22 in the forward and reverse directions when the cam shaft 22 rotates in the forward direction. A first dwell region 24 and a second dwell region 26 having a constant amount. The suspension processes S1, S3, and S5 of the cam follower 30 are realized by stopping the rotation of the first dwell region 24 and the second dwell region 26 or the cam shaft 22, and the cam follower 30 is lifted up S2 and lifted down S4. Is realized by forward rotation and reverse rotation of the cam shaft 22, and all or part of the speed change of the cam follower 30 in the lift-up process S2 and the lift-down process S4 of the cam follower 30 is realized by the rotational speed control of the cam shaft 22. To do. Thereby, the cam apparatus 10 can be reduced in size significantly compared with the conventional cam apparatus.

  In the above embodiment, the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is set to 90 °, but the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is set to 60 ° or more as shown in FIGS. That's fine.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 may be set to 60 °, or the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is an obtuse angle (α> 90 °) as shown in FIG. May be set. Here, when the pressure angle α of the rotary end 28 is set to 60 ° or more, the size can be sufficiently reduced in actual design. That is, by increasing the pressure angle α of the rotary end 28, the allocation angle between the rotary end 28 and the open end 29 decreases, and thereby the allocation angle θ1 of the lift region 25 can be increased. The discontinuous portion 27 can be formed by a cutter cut portion, for example.
The upper limit of the pressure angle α at the rotating end 28 is set to 180 ° in view of the shape of the cam profile as shown in FIG.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the cam apparatus of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a side view of a cam device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The cam device 10A of the present embodiment includes a cam 50 having a cam surface 21 having a cam profile formed on the outer surface, a rotational drive device M (see FIG. 1) that rotationally drives the cam shaft 22 of the cam 50, and the cam surface 21. And a cam follower 30 that moves linearly along the shape. The cam device 10A of the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the cam 50 includes three dwell regions 51, 53, 55 and two lift regions 52, 54 formed between the dwell regions. Different from the device 10.

  Specifically, also in the cam apparatus 10A of the present embodiment, the cam surface 21 forming the cam profile is formed with a discontinuous portion 56 where the cam follower 30 is not in contact with part of the circumferential direction. Specifically, the cam profile has a rotation end 57 at which one end of the cam shaft 22 cannot rotate in the reverse direction (clockwise) at one end in the circumferential direction, and the other end in the circumferential direction of the cam surface 21 is at the cam shaft 22. Distance (in this embodiment, a radius R3 of a third dwell region 55 described later) is a distance between the cam shaft 22 and the rotary end 57 (in this embodiment, a boundary with a first dwell region 51 described later). Is designed to be larger than the radius R1) of the rotating end 57 of the lens. Furthermore, the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is an open end 58 that allows the cam shaft 22 to rotate in the forward direction (counterclockwise) while the cam follower 30 is in contact with the other circumferential end. .

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the cam surface 21 is rotated clockwise from the rotation end 57 in the first dwell region 51, the first lift region 52, the second dwell region 53, the second lift region 54, and the third dwell. A region 55 is provided.
The first dwell region 51 is designed such that the radius R1 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is constant. The first lift region 52 is formed continuously with the first dwell region 51 and is designed so that the radius R from the center O of the cam shaft 22 gradually increases. The second dwell region 53 is formed continuously with the first lift region 52, and the radius R2 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is designed to be constant. The second lift region 54 is formed continuously with the second dwell region 53 and is designed so that the radius R from the center O of the cam shaft 22 gradually increases. The third dwell region 55 is formed continuously with the second lift region 54, and the radius R3 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is designed to be constant. The radius R2 of the second dwell region 53 is larger than the radius R1 of the first dwell region 51, and the radius R3 of the third dwell region 55 is larger than the radius R2 of the second dwell region 53. Further, the discontinuous portion 56 is formed between the rotation end 57 at one end in the circumferential direction and the open end 58 at the other end in the circumferential direction.

  The first dwell region 51 is allocated to the allocation angle θ4, the first lift region 52 is allocated to the allocation angle θ5, the second dwell region 53 is allocated to the allocation angle θ6, and the second lift region 54 is allocated to the allocation angle θ7. And the third dwell region 55 is allocated to the allocation angle θ8.

  The assigned angles θ4, θ6, and θ8 of the first to third dwell regions 51, 53, and 55 are necessary for the rotational driving device M to start and reach a predetermined speed, or to decelerate and stop from the predetermined speed. There should be as many allocation angles as possible. Most of the rotation angles of approximately 360 ° are allocated to the allocation angle θ5 of the first lift region 52 and the allocation angle θ7 of the second lift region 54.

  The discontinuous portion 56 shown in FIG. 9 has a contact surface with the cam follower 30 formed in parallel with the moving direction of the cam follower 30 and a pressure angle α at the rotating end 57 of 90 °. The cam follower 30 cannot be advanced.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the cam follower 30 is in contact with the rotating end 57 of the cam surface 21, the rotation drive device M is started, and the cam follower 30 moves through the first dwell region 51. 50 is increased to a predetermined constant speed by forward rotation. Then, the cam 50 is rotated forward to the third dwell region 55 at a predetermined speed. Further, in the third dwell region 55, the rotational drive device M is decelerated and the forward rotation of the cam 50 is stopped. Thereby, the cam curve shown in FIG. 10 having the initial pause step S11, the first lift-up step S12, the first intermediate pause step S13, the second lift-up step S14, and the second intermediate pause step S15 is formed.

  Further, while the cam follower 30 is positioned in the third dwell region 55, the rotation driving device M is started, and the cam 50 is accelerated by reverse rotation until reaching a predetermined constant speed. Then, the cam 50 is reversely rotated to the first dwell region 51. Furthermore, in the 1st dwell area | region 51, the rotational drive apparatus M is decelerated and the reverse rotation of the cam 50 is stopped. Thereby, the first lift-down process S16, the third intermediate suspension process S17, the second lift-down process S18, and the final suspension process S19 are formed.

  Since the cam device 10A of the present embodiment forms a cam curve by rotating forward and backward on the same cam profile, the first lift-up step S12, the first lift-down step S18, and the second lift-up step S14, The lift amounts in the second lift-down process S16 are the same.

The lift-down processes S16 and S18 shown in FIG. 10 are steeper than the lift-up processes S12 and S14. This can be achieved by rotating the reverse rotation speed of the cam 50 faster than the normal rotation speed.
In addition, the third intermediate pause step S17 has a longer pause period than the first intermediate pause step S13. This is achieved by decelerating or temporarily stopping the reverse rotation speed of the cam 50 from the normal rotation speed in the third intermediate pause step S17.

  For reference, the conventional plate cam 110 from which the cam curve shown in FIG. 10 is obtained includes a first dwell region 111, a first lift-up region 112, a second dwell region 113, and a second lift-up region in the clockwise direction in FIG. 114, a third dwell region 115, a first lift-down region 116, a fourth dwell region 117, and a second lift-down region 118 are formed in this order to form a closed curve.

  Then, by rotating the plate cam 110 forward at a constant speed, the first dwell region 111 performs the cam curve initial pause step S11, the first lift-up region 112 performs the cam curve first lift-up step S12, The dwell region 113 forms the first intermediate pause step S13 for the cam curve, the second lift-up region 114 forms the second lift-up step S14 for the cam curve, and the third dwell region 115 forms the second intermediate pause step S15 for the cam curve. To do. The first lift-down region 116 performs the first lift-down step S16 of the cam curve, the fourth dwell region 117 performs the third intermediate pause step S17 of the cam curve, and the second lift-down region 118 does the second lift of the cam curve. Down process S18 is formed.

  In the cam device 10A of the second embodiment, as described in the cam device 10 of the first embodiment, the lift amount is further increased or decelerated more smoothly at the start and end points of lift-up and lift-down. In addition, the rotational drive device M may be controlled so that at least a part of the acceleration and deceleration of the rotation of the cam 50 is applied to the end portions of the lift regions 52 and 54.

  Further, the first lift region 52 and the second lift region 54 that provide the first lift-up step S12 and the first lift-down step S18 may change the cam curve. For example, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, a modified constant velocity curve (Modified Constant Velocity, MCV curve), a modified sine curve (MS curve), a cycloid curve, or the like having a constant velocity section in the middle can be used.

(Third embodiment)
Next, the cam apparatus of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a side view of the cam device of the third embodiment. A cam device 10B according to the third embodiment includes a cam 70 having a cam surface 21 having a cam profile formed on the outer surface, a rotation driving device M (see FIG. 1) that rotationally drives the cam shaft 22 of the cam 70, and a cam surface. Cam follower 30 that linearly moves along the shape of 21.

  The cam device 10B according to the present embodiment includes the cam device 10 and 10A according to the first and second embodiments in that the cam 70 is formed of a lift region 71, a discontinuous portion 27, and a rotating end 28, and does not have a dwell region. And different. In the cam 70 of this embodiment, all the allocation angles θ <b> 1 are allocated to the lift region 71 from the rotation end 28 to the open end 29. As a result, the pressure angle in the lift region 71 is further reduced, and the cam 70 is reduced in size.

  In the cam device 10B of the present embodiment, only the lift amount is given by the cam profile, and the cam curve (not shown) pause process, lift-up process, and lift-down process are controlled by the rotary drive device M. Given by the rotation of. That is, the stop process is formed by stopping the cam 70 on the lift region 71, the lift-up process is formed by the normal rotation of the cam 70, and the lift-down process is formed by the reverse rotation of the cam 70.

  As the position (phase) and the number of times of the pause process, an arbitrary number of pause processes can be set at an arbitrary position by setting the stop position and the number of stops of the cam 70 on the lift region 71. Further, the pause length of the pause process is set to an arbitrary pause length by setting the stop time of the cam 70. Thereby, it is possible to easily set a pause process having different patterns (positions and lengths) in the lift-up process and the lift-down process.

  Further, the displacement speed (gradient) in the lift-up process and the lift-down process can be changed by controlling the rotational speed of the cam shaft 22 by the rotation drive device M, and the displacement is increased by increasing the rotational speed of the cam 70. The speed is increased (steep slope), and the displacement speed is decreased (slow gradient) by reducing the rotation speed of the cam 70.

The lift amount in the lift-up process and the lift-down process can be arbitrarily changed according to the rotation angle of the cam 70 by the rotation drive device M. That is, in the case of a cam curve having a plurality of lift-up steps and a plurality of lift-down steps, a cam curve having a different lift amount in each lift-up step and a lift amount in each lift-down step can be set. However, the total lift amount in the lift-up process and the total lift amount in the lift-down process need to be the same lift amount. Further, the upper limit of the lift amount is limited by the maximum lift amount of the lift region 71.
Therefore, by controlling the speed at an arbitrary position in the lift region 71, an arbitrary operating characteristic can be given to the cam follower 30, and the dwell may be reproduced at an arbitrary position.

  Other configurations and effects are the same as those of the cam device 10 of the first embodiment.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the cam apparatus of 4th Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a side view of a cam device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The cam device 10 </ b> C of the fourth embodiment is different from the cam device 10 of the first embodiment in that a groove cam 80 as a rotating cam is provided instead of the cam 20.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the groove cam 80 of the present embodiment has a rotating end 82 at one end in the circumferential direction near the cam shaft 22, that is, at a position away from the central portion O of the cam shaft 22, and rotates. A spiral cam groove 81 continuous from the end 82 to the outer surface of the cam 20 is provided. The inner surface of the spiral cam groove 81 acts as the cam surface 21 that contacts the cam follower 30. Further, the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is formed on the outer surface of the cam 20, and the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is a distance from the cam shaft 22 (in this embodiment, a second dwell region 86 described later). Is larger than the distance between the cam shaft 22 and the rotation end 82 (in this embodiment, the radius R1 of the rotation end 28 at the boundary with the first dwell region 84 described later). The rotation end 82 cannot be rotated in the reverse direction by the cam follower 30 and the other circumferential end of the cam surface 21 is an open end that allows the cam shaft 22 to rotate in the forward direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the cam surface 21 includes a first dwell region 84, a lift region 85, and a second dwell region 86 clockwise from the rotation end 82.
The first dwell region 84 is designed so that the radius (distance) R1 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is constant. The lift region 85 is formed continuously with the first dwell region 24 and is designed so that the radius (distance) R from the center O of the cam shaft 22 gradually increases. The second dwell region 86 is formed continuously with the lift region 85, and the radius (distance) R2 from the center O of the cam shaft 22 is larger than the radius R1 of the first dwell region 84 and is designed to be constant.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the lift area 85 has an allocation angle of 360 ° or more, and the pressure angle is further reduced and the lift amount is increased.

  Then, when the groove cam 80 is rotated forward by the rotational drive device M, the cam follower 30 is linearly moved according to the shape of the cam groove 81 to form a lift-up process, and by rotating in the reverse direction, a lift-down process is formed. Further, the first dwell region 84 and the second dwell region 86 absorb the variation at the time of starting or stopping the rotary drive device M, and the lift pause process is formed. Further, if the rotation of the cam shaft 22 (groove cam 80) is controlled by the rotation driving device M, the position (phase) of the pause process, the number of times, the pause length, and the displacement speed (gradient) of the lift-up process and lift-down process. Can be arbitrarily set as in the cam device 10B of the third embodiment.

  As described above, according to the cam device 10C according to the present embodiment, the cam surface 21 is formed on the surface of the cam 80 with the spiral cam groove 81 that continues from the position near the cam shaft 22 to the outer surface. The other end in the circumferential direction of the cam groove 81 is an open end that allows the cam shaft 22 to rotate in the forward direction. As a result, the cam device 10C can set the allocation angle to 360 ° or more, and can further reduce the pressure angle and operate the cam follower 30 smoothly.

  FIG. 14 is a partial cutaway view of a ball bearing 90 which is an example of a part manufactured by a mechanical device to which the cam devices 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C of the present invention are applied. The ball bearing 90 is rotatably disposed between an outer ring 91 having an outer ring raceway 91a formed on the inner peripheral surface, an inner ring 92 having an inner ring raceway 92a formed on the outer peripheral surface, and the outer ring raceway 91a and the inner ring raceway 92a. The plurality of balls 93 and a retainer 94 that holds the plurality of balls 93 in a rollable manner are provided.

  The mechanical device to which the cam devices 10, 10 </ b> A, 10 </ b> B, and 10 </ b> C of the present invention are applied is used, for example, in the assembly process of the balls 93 of the ball bearing 90. In addition to the assembly of the ball bearing 90, the mechanical device to which the cam devices 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C of the present invention are applied includes the manufacture of vehicle parts such as an electric power steering device and various machines (power It is also applicable to the manufacture of parts and electrical parts.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to each embodiment mentioned above, A deformation | transformation, improvement, etc. are possible suitably.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the cam follower 30 linearly moves as the driven node has been described. However, the cam of the present invention may be applied to a mechanism in which the driven node swings.

  Further, in the cam devices 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C including the plurality of cams 20, 50, 70, and 80, a plurality of rotational drive devices M are disposed corresponding to the respective cams 20, 50, 70, and 80. In addition, it may be rotated individually at different rotational speeds. In this case, since the output of each rotation drive device M may be small, the rotation drive device M can be reduced in size. Further, the cam devices 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C can be disposed in the vicinity of the operating portion, which contributes to downsizing of the mechanical device including the cam devices 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C.

  This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-214232 filed on Nov. 6, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

10, 10A, 10B, 10C Cam device 20, 50, 70, 80 Cam 21 Cam surface 22 Cam shaft 30 Cam follower 24, 26, 51, 53, 55, 84, 86 Dwell region 25, 52, 54, 71, 85 Lift Regions 27, 56 Discontinuous portions 28, 57, 82 Rotating ends S1, S3, S5, S11, S13, S15, S17, S19 Pause steps S2, S12, S14 Lift-up steps S4, S16, S18 Lift-down steps 90 Ball bearings α Pressure angle θ1 to θ8 at the rotation end

The present invention, cams apparatus, and machinery, as well as parts, bearings, vehicles, and a method of manufacturing a machine. Further, the present invention is more particularly, there is ensured a smooth operation and greatly reduces the pressure angle of the lift region of the cam, miniaturized cams apparatus, and machinery, as well as parts, bearings, vehicle And a method for manufacturing a machine.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and its object is miniaturized cams device there is ensured a greatly relaxed to smooth operation of the pressure angle in the lift region of the cam, and the machine It is to provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing components, bearings, vehicles, and machines.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
(1) Ri cams der for converting rotational movement of forward and backward to linear motion of the cam follower about the cam shaft, the cam profile of the cam in the circumferential direction one end, the opposite said cam shaft by said cam follower A cam surface on which the cam follower abuts from the rotation end to the other circumferential end, and the other circumferential end of the cam surface has a distance from the cam shaft. A cam larger than a distance between a cam shaft and the rotating end ;
A cam follower that linearly moves by rotational movement around the cam shaft of the cam;
And a rotation drive device that rotates the camshaft by rotating the camshaft forward, backward, rotation stop, and rotation speed control.
(2) The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the cam surface regardless of rotation in the forward and reverse directions of the cam shaft. A dwell region where the lift amount of the cam follower is constant,
The cam follower pause process is realized by stopping the rotation of the dwell region or the camshaft,
The lift-up process and lift-down process of the cam follower are realized by forward rotation and reverse rotation of the cam shaft,
The cam device according to (1), wherein all or part of a change in speed of the cam follower in the lift-up process and the lift-down process of the cam follower is realized by controlling a rotational speed of the cam shaft.
( 3 ) The cam surface is formed by an outer surface of the cam,
The other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction,
The cam device according to (1), wherein an outer surface of the cam between the rotating end and the open end has a discontinuous portion that is not in contact with the cam follower.
( 4 ) The cam device according to ( 3 ), wherein a pressure angle at the rotation end is set to 60 ° or more.
( 5 ) The cam surface is formed by a side surface of a spiral groove continuous from the position near the cam shaft to the outer surface formed on the surface of the cam.
The cam device according to (1), wherein the other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction.
( 6 ) The cam surface includes the lift region that increases the lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the cam surface regardless of the rotation in the forward direction and the reverse direction of the cam shaft. The cam device according to any one of (1) to ( 5 ), comprising: a dwell region in which the lift amount of the cam follower is constant.
( 7 ) The cam apparatus according to (6), wherein the dwell region is provided over a predetermined allocation angle on both sides in the circumferential direction of the lift region.
( 8 ) The cam apparatus according to ( 6 ) or (7) , wherein the dwell region is formed in the middle of the lift region.
(9) The cam device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein an allocation angle from one circumferential end to the other circumferential end of the cam surface is 360 ° or more.
(10) A mechanical device including the cam device according to any one of (1) to (9).
( 11 ) A component manufacturing method comprising the cam device according to any one of (1) to (9) to manufacture a component.
( 12 ) A method for manufacturing a bearing, comprising the cam device according to any one of (1) to (9) to manufacture a bearing.
( 13 ) A vehicle manufacturing method for manufacturing a vehicle using the component manufacturing method according to (11) .
( 14 ) A method for manufacturing a machine, wherein the machine is manufactured using the method for manufacturing a component according to (11) .

Further, according to the cam device of the present invention, the cam has a cam curve similar to that of a conventional cam by rotating the cam around the cam shaft in a normal rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control, and The cam has a smaller pressure angle in the lift region and can be significantly reduced in size compared to a conventional cam that performs the same operation, and thus can be significantly reduced in size compared to a conventional cam device. .

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
(1) A cam that converts forward and reverse rotational movements about a cam shaft into a linear motion of a cam follower, wherein the cam profile of the cam is in the reverse direction by the cam follower at one end in a circumferential direction. And a cam surface with which the cam follower abuts from the rotation end to the other circumferential end, and the other circumferential end of the cam surface has a distance from the cam shaft. A cam larger than the distance between the shaft and the rotating end;
A cam follower that linearly moves by rotational movement around the cam shaft of the cam;
A rotation drive device for rotating the camshaft by rotating the camshaft forward, reverse, rotation stop, and rotation speed control ,
The cam surface is formed by an outer surface of the cam;
The other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction,
The outer surface of the cam between the rotating end and the open end has a linear discontinuity that is not in contact with the cam follower,
The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the positive direction;
The cam follower pausing step is realized by stopping the rotation of the cam shaft,
The lift-up process and the lift-down process of the cam follower are realized by the passage of the lift region that does not pass through the discontinuous part by forward rotation and reverse rotation of the cam shaft,
A cam device that realizes all or part of a change in speed of the cam follower in the lift-up process and the lift-down process of the cam follower by controlling a rotational speed of the cam shaft .
(2) the cam surface before Symbol regardless rotation of said forward and said reverse direction of the cam shaft, the lift amount of the cam follower further comprises a constant dwell area,
Step of resting said cam follower, that represent even more real to the dwell area, the cam device according to (1).
(3) The cam device according to (1), wherein a pressure angle at the rotation end is set to 60 ° or more.
(4) A cam that converts forward and reverse rotational movements about a cam shaft into a linear motion of a cam follower, and the cam profile of the cam is at a circumferential end at which the cam shaft is rotated in the reverse direction by the cam follower. And a cam surface with which the cam follower abuts from the rotation end to the other circumferential end, and the other circumferential end of the cam surface has a distance from the cam shaft. A cam larger than the distance between the shaft and the rotating end;
The cam follower that linearly moves by rotational movement around the cam shaft of the cam;
A rotation drive device for rotating the camshaft by rotating the camshaft forward, reverse, rotation stop, and rotation speed control,
The cam surface is formed by a side surface of a spiral groove formed on the surface of the cam from a position near the cam shaft to an outer surface,
The other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction ,
The cam device, wherein an allocation angle from one circumferential end to the other circumferential end of the cam surface is 360 ° or more .
(5) The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the cam surface regardless of the forward and reverse rotations of the cam shaft. The dwell region where the lift amount of the cam follower is constant, The cam device according to (4) .
(6) The cam device according to (2) or (5) , wherein the dwell region is provided over a predetermined allocation angle on both sides in the circumferential direction of the lift region.
(7) The cam device according to (2) or (5) , wherein the dwell region is formed in the middle of the lift region.
(8) A mechanical device including the cam device according to any one of (1) to (7) .
(9) A component manufacturing method comprising the cam device according to any one of (1) to (7) to manufacture a component.
(10) A bearing manufacturing method comprising the cam device according to any one of (1) to (7) to manufacture a bearing.
(11) A vehicle manufacturing method for manufacturing a vehicle using the component manufacturing method according to (9) .
(12) A machine manufacturing method for manufacturing a machine using the component manufacturing method according to (9) .

Claims (14)

A cam that converts forward and reverse rotational movement around a cam shaft into a linear motion of a cam follower,
The cam profile of the cam has a cam surface at which one end of the cam shaft has a rotation end at which the cam shaft cannot rotate in the reverse direction by the cam follower, and the cam follower contacts the other end in the circumferential direction. And the other circumferential end of the cam surface has a larger distance from the cam shaft than a distance between the cam shaft and the rotating end. The cam surface is formed by an outer surface of the cam;
The other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction,
The cam according to claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the cam between the rotating end and the open end has a discontinuous portion that is not in contact with the cam follower.   The cam according to claim 2, wherein a pressure angle at the rotation end is set to 60 ° or more. The cam surface is formed by a side surface of a spiral groove formed on the surface of the cam from a position near the cam shaft to an outer surface,
The cam according to claim 1, wherein the other circumferential end of the cam surface is an open end that allows the cam shaft to rotate in the positive direction.   The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and a lift of the cam follower regardless of the forward and reverse rotations of the cam shaft. The cam according to claim 1, comprising a dwell region having a constant amount.   The cam according to claim 5, wherein the dwell region is provided over a predetermined allocation angle on both sides in the circumferential direction of the lift region.   The cam according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the dwell region is formed in the middle of the lift region.   A cam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, a cam follower that linearly moves by a rotational movement around the cam shaft of the cam, forward rotation, reverse rotation, rotation stop, and rotation speed control of the cam shaft. And a rotational drive device that rotationally drives the cam device. The cam surface includes a lift region that increases a lift amount of the cam follower when the cam shaft rotates in the forward direction, and a lift of the cam follower regardless of the forward and reverse rotations of the cam shaft. A dwell area with a constant amount,
The cam follower pause process is realized by stopping the rotation of the dwell region or the camshaft,
The lift-up process and lift-down process of the cam follower are realized by forward rotation and reverse rotation of the cam shaft,
The cam apparatus according to claim 8, wherein all or part of a change in speed of the cam follower in the lift-up process and the lift-down process of the cam follower is realized by rotational speed control of the cam shaft.   A mechanical device comprising the cam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or the cam device according to claim 8 or 9.   A part manufacturing method for manufacturing a part using the cam according to claim 1 or the cam device according to claim 8 or 9.   The manufacturing method of a bearing which manufactures a bearing using the cam of any one of Claims 1-7, or the cam apparatus of Claim 8 or 9.   A vehicle manufacturing method for manufacturing a vehicle using the component manufacturing method according to claim 11.   A method for manufacturing a machine, wherein the machine is manufactured using the method for manufacturing a component according to claim 11.

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