JPWO2018229085A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed description of the invention

This application has priority over the following numbers. Slovenian patent application number: P-2017-00168 (filed June 13, 2017)
[Field of Invention]
The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects (three-dimensional printing) using powder materials. In particular, the invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional printing using powder materials that are melted using the kinetic energy of particles with mass.
[Background of the Invention]
In the book 3D-Tisk by Tadeja Muck and Igor Kri▲z▼anovskij (Zalo▲z▼ba Pasadena, November 2015, ISBN: 9789616661690), three-dimensional printing technology are described in detail, divided into four groups: (i) Technology in objects manufactured by material extrusion (ASTM - Material Extrusion), (ii) Technology in objects manufactured by selective solidification of liquid photopolymers using a light source (ASTM - Vat Photopolymerization, Material Jetting). , (iii) technology in powder materials used by melting the powder material using a binder material or some heat source (ASTM - binder jetting, powder bed fusion, direct energy storage), (iv) base material Technology in objects that are manufactured by laminating or bonding in plates and stacking them up (ASTM - sheet lamination).

All the techniques for three-dimensional additive manufacturing of objects described above involve progressively building up one layer over one defined direction (mostly the height direction, the Z coordinate) in a specific order. This is due to the manufacturing of two-dimensional layers and individual layers. Individual two-dimensional or flat layers with a defined minimum thickness are built up and fused, illuminated or connected in a specific order in one direction of height Z.

For the technique of three-dimensional printing of objects produced by material extruded from the extruder tip, individual object layers are produced point by point, with individual coordinates for each point. The printing order of the coordinates of such individual points is determined by the number of extruder tips for a given layer. Although such a 3D printing method is very time consuming, it is possible to manufacture using various materials by melting the material at the tip of the printing press before the material comes out from the tip of the printing press to the designated printing point. will be

The technology of three-dimensional printing of objects manufactured by solidifying liquid polymers using light is also based on the sequential fabrication of two-dimensional layers of photopolymers. In these techniques, each successive layer is added to the previous solidified layer and then the surface of the added liquid photopolymer layer is irradiated and solidified by this method. With this 3D printing method, the printed matter must be manufactured using a photosensitive polymer, which limits the material selection considerably.

3D printing techniques for objects manufactured by combining or building up powder materials are also based on the fabrication of successive 2D layers, each individual, planar, 2D layer by layer in the height Z direction.
[Technical problem]
Existing 3D printing techniques, which use stacks of thin 2D layers of material, have limitations in terms of print resolution or external object appearance. Precise stacking of thin layers of material is required for accurate high-resolution printing on the exterior surface of an object. The print resolution of the object in the print direction or the individual layer thickness at height Z determines the thickness of the additional material layer. The well-known techniques of 3D additive manufacturing do not allow thicker layers to be produced even if sufficient binder material and energy melting or solidification are present. When manufacturing objects with smooth outer surfaces, it is necessary to manufacture as thin a layer as possible.

The greatest problem that can be solved by this invention is that of additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects by successive lamination of two-dimensional layers of material. This means that the layers are stacked in one major printing direction (three dimensions, mainly the height Z direction), and the thickness of the stacked layers determines the outer edge of the surface. This way the thickness of the layer can affect the appearance of the manufactured object.
[State-of-the-art technology]
A large number of documents document the technical problems of additively manufacturing objects from powder materials using localized melting. The following focus will be on the use of energetic electron beams to melt powder materials, as described in several patents and patent applications. In patent application EP 2 918 396 A1, which describes a machine and method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects, it is based on localized melting of powder materials using the kinetic energy of an electron beam . The machine combines a beam generator with its controls, a lens, and an auxiliary stage on which the powder material can be neatly spread. A beam generator generates a beam in the direction of a thin discrete layer of powder material and a lens is used to ensure that the beam hits the surface of the powder material layer. Also, the electron beam hits somewhere on a thin layer of powdered material placed on the auxiliary element. A controller can be used to selectively pulsate or keep the electron beam continuous. A continuous electron beam locally melts the material by colliding the powder material with the electrons. Two-dimensional layers are formed by beams moving over the layers of the object to be manufactured, repeating the addition of material and the fabrication of the next layer in the printing order in the height Z direction. Objects are gradually built up by progressively stacking two-dimensional layers on height Z, with melting of smaller two-dimensional regions within individual layers.

The method of additive manufacturing described in patent number EP2937163 B1 is based on the use of two separate electron guns, the first one being used for melting the powder material and the second one for removing the static electricity of the powder material. used to extinguish. The machine consists of two electron guns, a vacuum chamber, an auxiliary stage on which thin layers of powdered material are gradually stacked, and a controller that controls the electron guns. In the aforementioned patent, the powder material is neatly spread on a support table in a thin, two-dimensional layer. The first electron gun is set to melt the material and is positioned perpendicular to the powder bed. The first electron gun produces an electron beam that selectively melts the powder material. A second electron gun generates a second electron beam to remove static electricity. Make sure it is set to a low energy and set at an angle of 45 degrees or less to the surface of the sample. A second electron gun is used to remove the secondary electrons collected in the material by the melting done using the first electron beam . The aforementioned patent describes a three-dimensional object made by melting and stacking thin two-dimensional layers of powder material on top of each other layer by layer. Only the first electron gun is used for the purpose of melting powdered materials.

Patent application WO2015/120168 A1 describes an electron gun for an additive manufacturing system containing multiple energy beams composed of photons, electrons or any particles capable of melting powder materials. A lens is used to focus the two energy beams onto the layer of powder material. The electron beam hotspots are spaced apart and the energy beams move in unison at controlled speeds and are constructed or arranged to point in any direction on the substrate. The first energy beam raises the melt pool from the substrate, and the second energy beam can heat the melt pool to a temperature below the melting threshold. This allows the use of a second energy beam to control the solidification rate of the melt pool. When the electron guns travel in opposite directions, the second electron gun is used to generate the melt pool and the first electron gun is used as post-heating to control the solidification rate of the melt pool. By using this additive manufacturing system, it is possible to fabricate three-dimensional objects layer by layer. Use a particle spreader to spread the powdered material on the table.

Patent application US 2016/0031156 A1 describes a machine with multiple press tips positioned at different locations in space to push material into space. Machines use magnetic levitation or acoustic levitation for the functional manipulation of spatially constructed components. By magnetic levitation, the material behaves as an ideal diamagnetism, cooling the material (part) below the phase transition temperature of the material printed in the superconducting state, and increasing the magnetic force for the material in the magnetic field. Acoustic levitation consists of multiple sound sources as part of an object and acts as a suitable acoustic reflector to create a standing wave or three-dimensional standing wave pattern in space. The machine uses a large number of printing press tips arranged in space. Use the standard press tip to locate the material application and apply the material to the final print point. Objects are created by combining multiple press tips and changing the spatial orientation of the press tips relative to the printed object, or by rotating or manipulating the object using magnetic or acoustic levitation. Object printing is based on the additional amount of material extruded from the tip of the printing press using magnetic or sound forces to levitate the object. The machine according to the aforementioned patent application is a method of producing objects from multiple printing directions at the same time, but there is a limit to the use of materials that can be passed through the tip of the printing machine. This machine allows the fabrication of objects in a point-by-point manner.

The invention according to the present disclosure is a method involving a mass and two or more electron beams or other beams of particles used to melt a powder material in a predefined curvilinear melting volume. It is different from 2016/0031156 A1. Although the invention described in patent application US 2016/0031156 A1 uses magnetic levitation and acoustic levitation to support a printed object or combination thereof, the printed object in the invention according to the present disclosure is already We use a method that can be mechanically supported and the necessary machines for that purpose. Magnetic levitation is used to move and apply powdered material to a pre-defined melting volume.
[Technical problem]
Machines that use particle beams to enable the fabrication of additive manufacturing can build objects by points, areas, and layers.

Summaries of existing patents, patent applications, and other materials for the purpose of melting materials using particle sources indicate that two or more particle clusters with mass originating from two or more particle sources are used and defined Technical technical as described in this disclosure to generate the mass at a predetermined time and in a predetermined three-dimensional space (hereafter mass) for a curved three-dimensional mass (hereafter melt mass) of No solution has ever been described. All the techniques described above (using particle beams ) allow the fabrication of three-dimensional objects by stacking and melting one thin planar two-dimensional layer on top of another. Also within an individual layer, the melting can be done point-by-point or by melting a continuous area on the surface of the individual layer.

In contrast to all the above techniques, the invention according to the present disclosure uses an energy meter of two or more particle clusters, independently generated from a predefined curved three-dimensional melting mass and multiple particle sources, to produce a molten powder. They differ in materials. In other words, the material melts only in the three-dimensional spatial volume where two or more particle clusters overlap in space and time, or where beams containing said particle clusters overlap.

In melting quantities, the combined energies generated by two or more particle sources generate more energy than is required to melt the powder material. Although an exemplary embodiment using electrons (electron guns) is shown, any particle with mass can be used to heat the material by transferring the kinetic energy of the particles to the powder material during impact. The invention is not limited to the use of electron guns only, as it can be done. Each particle source emits a beam containing clusters with multiple particle clusters. Two or more particle sources are spatially arranged within a beam generated by spatially intersecting the sources at one or more masses. The intersection points of the particle beams form one or more curved intersection masses at any given moment. Magnetic levitation, electric forces, and electrostatic forces can be used to move powder materials to the spatial intersections of particle clusters. Since the powder material will melt in such three-dimensional space only if the melting volume is within the intersection volume and the particle clusters are timely spatially overlapping, density and available motion The energy is higher than the energy threshold required to melt the powder material. By predefining the time difference that occurs between the arrival of particle clusters originating from at least two sources at different spatial locations and governed by other parameters of the sources, the shape and position of the molten volume can be altered. , and also the volume and shape of the melted powder material.

Machines that use particle beams to enable the fabrication of additive manufacturing can fabricate objects on a point-area-layer-by-layer basis. The invention according to the present disclosure uses two or more particle sources and a unilateral volume-by-volume method to generate discrete particle clusters with overlapping masses in time and space in a pre-defined and controlled manner. enables the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects in Fabrication of inventive three-dimensional objects according to this disclosure is not limited solely by the gradual stacking of thin two-dimensional layers or the thickness of the layers that define the appearance of the object. In the invention described here, two or more particle beams create multiple intersection volumes, so it is possible to melt multiple melting volumes at different positions in space at the same time, so depending on the amount that can be printed at the same time It's not limited either. The invention according to the present disclosure is capable of spatially independent printing, which means that a large amount of printing can be done within the object, thus shortening the printing process. Printing in small quantities can be done on the surface of the printed object. In this way, high-resolution printing of the surface of the object is also possible, so the appearance of the object is also more beautiful. By expanding the melting volume, it is also possible to quickly print a large amount of parts inside the object. The machine and method according to the present invention also differs from any of the machines and methods described above in that magnetic and electrostatic forces are used to apply the powder material. The method and machine according to the present invention allow the movement or application of the powder material to a predefined volume portion of the three-dimensional space in which the creation of the printout of the object occurs, so that the method and the machine according to the present invention are capable of forming a flat two-dimensional object in the third direction Z. Nor is it restricted to stacking dimensional layers.

In the following, the term "particles with mass" will be abbreviated as "particles". Because the invention described here is different from other well-known inventions, the terminology used here is also brand new. Therefore, the definitions of terms are described below. The terms used to describe the present invention will be specifically explained below for the purpose of clear definition of the terms.

"Volume" means a specific three-dimensional space with a limit or outer surface.

A "curved volume" is a three-dimensional volume with a curved outer surface, the size of which is infinite (i.e., the curved volume itself is limited, but can be variably sized during manufacture). can be done). Therefore, a curved volume is neither a two-dimensional layer with a specific height nor a small point with a permanently fixed size. The term "curved volume" is used to refer to an arbitrary mass of points, the interior portion of an arbitrarily large enclosed curved surface in three-dimensional space.

A "printing volume" is a curved volume through which all points of the printing process pass and, if necessary, using a multi-directional support system of mechanization 110 or 114 to entail movement of the aforementioned target part 1000, onto the container 101. from the outlet of the powder material 102 through the stopper 103 to discharge the target part 1000 already printed. The term "print volume" is used to symbolize: a) a virtual printing volume created in simulator 8 or b) a real printing volume within a manufactured physical object such as object 3. (Fig. 14),
A "melting volume" is a curved volume at a momentum density consisting of at least two particle sources 11 and 12 used to produce objects such as object 3 produced using the method and machine 1 according to the invention. It will be above the melting threshold of the powder material 102.

"Intersection volume" refers to the intersection of curved volumes in at least two beams E1, E2 emanating from at least two sources 11 and 12 to form a melt volume 280.

The term "or" is used in the sense of indicating alternatives and combinations of both unless otherwise indicated.

Terms such as "a,""an," and "the" are used as general expressions used to describe specific examples, rather than referring to a single entity only. Terms herein are used to describe particular embodiments of the invention, but their use does not limit the invention except as outlined in the patent application.
[Description of the figure]
Having thus described the invention in general terms, please also refer to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[Fig. 1] represents an embodiment of the basic principles of mechanical operation and methods involving two particle sources that simultaneously emit particle clusters appearing around the intersection of the geometric axes of the particle clusters and creating a specific intersection volume. increase.

Figure 2 shows the effect of the time delay between the first particle cluster and the second particle source on the total particle density and shape of the intersection volume.

[Fig.3] shows the expansion effect of individual particle clusters on the size of the intersection volume by extending the duration of the pulse and increasing the divergence (angle of divergence) .

[Fig. 4] shows the effect of the source divergence change and the angle change between the source geometric axes on the intersection volume combined from the multiple small intersection volumes given in this example.

[Fig. 5] represents an example of the basic principle of mechanical operation and method involving two particle sources that emit particle clusters moving in one direction with an angle of 180 degrees between the geometric axes of the particle clusters.

[Fig. 6] represents an example of the basic principle of machine operation and method involving six particle sources arranged in pairs. Arranged in pairs, the particles originating in the individual pair sources move in both directions and the angle between the geometric axes of the individual pair sources is 180 degrees. Arranged as discrete pairs, all geometric axes for the aforementioned particle sources will intersect at one point.

[Fig. 7] shows an exemplary embodiment of a machine that includes two particle sources, a magnetic levitation system and an electrostatic force system for powder materials, and a support system for object manufacturing.

[Fig. 8] contains two particle sources and a powder material magnetic levitation system in which the particle sources are arranged so that the axis of the beam ray is perpendicular to the geometric axis of the winding. It shows an example embodiment of the machine as if it were on a plane.

[Fig. 9] shows an exemplary embodiment of an additive manufacturing machine for three-dimensional objects, including three independent pulsating particle sources, a magnetic levitation system for powder materials, and three independent linear machining for the particle sources.

[Fig. 10] shows an exemplary embodiment of an additive manufacturing machine for an object, including three independent pulsating particle sources, a magnetic levitation system for powder materials, and circular machining for one of the particle sources.

FIG. 11 shows an additive manufacturing machine for an object, including four independent pulsating particle sources, a powder material magnetic levitation system, and a powder material dosing system showing an exemplary embodiment of the machine representing the geometry of a tetrahedron. It shows an example embodiment.

[Fig. 12] illustrates an additive manufacturing machine for an object, including six independent pulsating particle sources, a powder material magnetic levitation system, and a powder material dosing system showing an exemplary embodiment of the machine representing the geometry of a cube. It shows an embodiment.

[Fig. 13] shows a schematic flow chart of the additive manufacturing method according to the present invention.

[Fig. 14] presents a schematic representation of the spatial division and cross-section of an exemplary object to be produced, such as a series of discrete printed volumes, in this example a sphere and a shell. Spatial partitioning as in the example can be done using an exemplary embodiment of the machine that includes six particle sources. In the example depicted, the molten volume is shaped like a sphere or shell. The subsequent print volume is also drawn.

[Fig.15] shows a schematic diagram of the main simultaneous printing directions and an example of spatially dividing an exemplary object into a series of printing volumes.

[Fig.16] shows the principle of adding powder material to a partially printed object using two particle beams and an electrostatic force system.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures. Indeed, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In addition, the following embodiments are described to clear applicable legal requirements.

FIG. 1 represents the basic principles of the mechanical operation and method according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment using particles that are electrons to melt materials for the purpose of manufacturing three-dimensional objects. In figure 1 a part of the machine according to the invention is represented. Since both the first particle source 11 and the second particle source 12 emit electrons, the particle sources 11 and 12 in this example can be considered electron forming guns. The particle source 11 emits a particle beam E1 in the direction of the geometric axis 13 of the particle source 11. The particle source 12 emits a particle beam E2 in the direction of the geometric axis 14 of the particle source 12. The particle source 11 is equipped with a magnetic lens system 18, a divergence α, a deflection of the beam E ₁ about the geometrical axis 13 to form a radius r1. The particle source 12 is equipped with a magnetic lens system 19, a divergence β, a deflection of the beam E ₂ about the geometrical axis 14 to form a radius r ₂ . The geometric axis 13 of the particle source 11 and the geometric axis 14 of the particle source 12 are spatially arranged to intersect at an angle of Ω ₁ with respect to each other at an intersection point 15 . The particle source 11 is managed by the control device CT1, to which the machine sends a control signal CTRL1, and the particle source 12 is managed by the control device CT2, to which the machine sends a control signal CTRL2.

The control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 controlling the sources 11 and 12 are synchronized in time, and in this exemplary embodiment between the clusters originating from the first particle source 11 and the clusters originating from the second particle source 12. indicates that there is no time delay. The particle source 11 creates cluster groups 16 generated by the pulsation of the particle source 11 in time. The particle source 12 creates cluster groups 17 generated by the pulsation of the particle source 12 in time. The intensity or number of particles passing through the imaginary surface S per time unit (ie, flux) of the cluster group 16 can be constant or time-varying. FIG. ₁ represents an exemplary embodiment in which the flux of particles varies over time from a zero value (j=0) to some arbitrary value (j) defined by the particle strength g1 and the velocity of movement _v1 . I'm here. Changes in particle flux can be periodic or have a predefined time dependence. By this method, pulses or (in other words) cluster groups 16 and 17 are generated from particle sources 11 and 12 in cluster groups 16 and 17 containing a plurality of individual particle clusters while following each other at predefined time intervals. It will be released. The individual particle clusters within cluster group 16 move with velocity v ₁ and length L ₁ , and chase each other maintaining distance D ₁ , the length of the particle-free volume. The individual particle clusters within cluster group 17 move with velocity v ₂ and length L ₂ , and chase each other maintaining distance D ₂ , the length of the particle-free volume. The length L ₁ of individual particle clusters in the cluster group 16 is determined by the particle emission time from the particle source and the particle movement velocity v1. _The length L2 of the individual particle clusters within the cluster group 17 is determined by the particle emission time from the particle source 12 and the particle movement velocity _v2 . All assembly parts and parameters for source 11 and 12 operation include, but are not limited to: Creation of pulsations, lengths L ₁ , L ₂ and distances D ₁ , D ₂ . Definition of particle transport velocities v ₁ , v ₂ by manipulation of particle acceleration voltages U ₁ , U ₂ in particle sources 11 and 12 . Definition of particle flux j ₁ , j ₂ . Control of divergence α, β, deflection of beams E ₁ , E ₂ using a system of magnetic lenses 18 and 19.

Further, FIG. 1 represents an instantaneous depiction of two sources 11 and 12 emitting clusters 16 and 17 along the geometric axes 13 and 14 of the sources 11 and 12 within the clusters 16 and 17. increase. Two predefined clusters emitted from different particle sources 11 and 12 are bounded by the intersection point 15 of the geometric axes 13 and 14 so that they are timely and spatially positioned relative to each other. become overlapping at the same time within the same volume. When the clusters moving within the cluster groups 16 and 17 overlap _a specific predefined _{time interval} , i.e. the combined particle cluster densities g1, g2 of the beams E1, E2, the beams E1, _E2 allows the production of the total particle density g at the intersection volume 28 of . FIG. 1 represents an exemplary embodiment of the basic principle of the machine and method when the sum of the particle densities g ₁ , g ₂ in the intersection volume 28 is maximum. The addition of particles in the intersection volume 28 continues in time and is repeated by overlapping sequences of two particle clusters with lengths L ₁ , L ₂ and distances D ₁ , D ₂ between them. The sum of spatially arranged particle fluxes j=j ₁ +j ₂ pushed in time is produced in this way. The individual clusters of cluster group 16 express the velocity vectors of formula (1) below, and the individual clusters of cluster group 17 express the velocity vectors of formula (2) below. As a result, the intersection volume 28 shows the velocity vector of the following equation (1), which is equivalent to the total vector of the velocity vectors of the following equations (1) and (2). In this case, the velocity vectors (1) and (2) above are equivalent velocities, and the individual clusters from both cluster groups 16 and 17 have the same particle flux (j ₁ =j ₂ ). , the direction of intersection _volume 28 creation is along the line of symmetry between beams _E1 and E2.

Figure 1, described below, describes a printing process 100 (Figure 13) using a machine 1 and a powder material 102 (Figure 7). Particle sources 11 and 12 begin to emit particles while the powder material is melted and then added, causing a sum g of spatially arranged particle densities g ₁ , g ₂ in the intersection volume 28 (see FIG. 1). increase. The sum of the densities (g ₁ +g ₂ ) of both beams (g ₁ +g ₂ ) emitted by the particle sources 11 and 12, g, melts the powder material in the melting volume 280 during the stacking time intervals of the electron clusters. The higher the kinetic energy density at the intersection volume 28 exceeds the energy threshold required for During collision of particles generated from particle sources 11 and 12 with powdered material 102, the particles convert their kinetic energy into heat, causing the powdered material to melt and transform into a portion of intersection volume 28, designated melting volume 280. I can.

Exemplary embodiments of the basic principle work of the machine and method are shown in the figures. FIG. 2 shows the influence of the time difference t _f generated between the cluster group 16 generated from the particle source 11 and the cluster group 17 generated from the particle source 12 . In FIG. 2, particle sources 11 each equipped with a system of magnetic lenses 18, 19, capable of projecting particle beams E ₁ , E ₂ of the correct shape in the direction of the geometric axes 13, 14 of the sources 11, 12. and 12 are spatially arranged. The geometric axes 13 and 14 of the particle sources 11 and 12 meet at the intersection 15. _A particle source 11 is extruded in time to emit _a particle beam E1 having particle clusters 16 with a distance D1 between them and individual clusters 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 included. _A particle source 12 is extruded in _time to emit a particle beam E2 having particle clusters 17 with a distance D2 between them and individual clusters 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 included. In this example the length L ₁ is equal to the length L ₂ and the particle velocity v ₁ is also equal to v ₂ . Compared to the cluster group 17 generated from the particle source 12, the cluster group 16 emitted from the particle source 11 has a time lag. It will arrive at intersection 15 with a delay of t _f (phase shift). This time delay t _f eventually causes a spatial offset ΔD. The time delay t _f of cluster group 16 with respect to cluster group 17 greatly affects the total particle density g in the intersection volume of particle beams E ₁ and E ₂ . Figure 2, shown below, is an instantaneous image of clusters 16 and 17 overlapping at a specific time. The current intersection volume is marked.

Spatial offset of clusters 17 with respect to clusters 16 can be achieved using a time delay t _f , allowing for migration path differences. It affects the shape and position of the intersection volume of beams E ₁ , E ₂ , allowing intersection volume 28 to cause an outward spatial offset from intersection point 15 .

Also, by using the time delays occurring between individual clusters such as 160 and 170 in groups 16 and 17 and the divergence α, β of the controlled beams E ₁ and E ₂ , the direction of movement of the intersection volume 28 can be manipulated. It is said that Figure 1, shown below, shows that the moving direction and velocity of the local maximum particle density g in the intersection volume 28 is equivalent to the sum of the moving velocity vectors of the individual clusters in groups 16 and 17. is showing.

The shape and position of the intersection volume 28 can additionally be manipulated by the magnetic lens 18 and 19 systems of the particle sources 11 and 12. A magnetic lens 18 and 19 system can be used to control the deflection and divergence α, β of the beams E ₁ , E ₂ . Although according to the invention the deflection is a component part of the machine and method, the deflection of the beams E ₁ , E ₂ is not represented separately in any of the figures due to its complexity.

In FIG. 3, the basic principles of the machine and method work on combined groups 16 and 17 of individual particle clusters generated from longer and wider sources 11 and 12 than shown in FIGS. Represents an example embodiment. This example embodiment considers the following: The length L ₃ of the individual clusters of group 16 is longer than the length L ₁ shown in FIG. The divergence α ₁ is wider than the divergence α shown in FIG. The diameter r ₃ (FIG. 3) of beam E ₁ is wider than the radius r ₁ shown in FIG. Group 17 cluster length L4 (FIG. 4) is longer than length L2 shown in FIG. Divergence β ₁ is wider than divergence β shown in FIG. The diameter r ₄ (Fig. 3) of beam E ₂ is given by Fig. 1 (L ₃ >L ₁ , L ₄ >L ₁ , α ₁ > α, β ₁ > β, r ₃ >r ₁ and r ₄ >r ₂ .) wider _than the indicated radius r2.

Issue control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 that control the accelerating voltages U ₁ , U ₂ (Fig. 3) to produce the emission of individual clusters with a specific length L within the cluster groups 16 and 17 originating from the particle sources 11 and 12. It looks like In FIG. 3, the pushed portion of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 must be performed using longer pulses than the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. The divergence α, β shown in the example of FIG. ₃ is larger _than the divergence α, β shown in FIG . It is managed by a designated part. Thus , since there is no time difference t _f between clusters 16 and 17 in this exemplary embodiment, the particle cluster intersection volume 28 is spatially expanded, but still centered (intersection 15 and (meaning the coincident center point).

_The length of the intersection volume 28 in the direction of the geometric axes 13 and 14 is controlled in controlling the acceleration powers _U1 , _U2 and generating groups ₁₆ and 17 containing clusters of length L1, L2. In defined parts of the signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 can be amplified by using a time extension of the individual pulses (reducing the frequency of the pulses). By using gradual increases in divergence α, β, the melting volume 280 can be oriented perpendicular to the geometric axes 13 and 14. Melting volume 280 is the portion of the three-dimensional body of intersection volume 28, the volume to which kinetic energy is applied, an energy threshold is required for material melting, and that energy causes melting of powdered material 102 (FIG. 7). defined as part. 7), Melting Volume 280 and Intersecting Volume 28 are noted separately because not all parts of Intersecting Volume 28 may satisfy sufficient energy conditions to melt powder material 102 (Fig. 7). However, for purposes of describing the present invention, the term intersection volume 28 will be used to refer to melt volume 280 . In Figure 3, shown below, a melting volume 280 having the same size as the intersection volume 28 is represented. As the length L increases, the length of the individual clusters within the clusters 16 and 17 generated from the multiple particle sources 11 and 12, which is the total energy applied within the intersection volume 28, increases contemporaneously. You and shall. The size of the melting volume 280 (designated area 280) is managed by adjusting the length L of individual clusters of cluster groups 16 and 17 and by applying the divergence α, β of particle beams E ₁ and E ₂ . is set accurately by Using a system of magnetic lenses 18 and 19 managed by defined parts of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 through the control units CT 1 and CT 2, the divergence α, β of the particle beams E ₁ , E ₂ is controlled. . The control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2, which are combined from the various parts of the control signal, individually contain synchronous control expressed as a function of time, to control all components of the particle sources 11 and 12 at desired times during the printing process. used for Some of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 include divergence α, β, deflection, particle vector velocity, equations (1) and (2) above, particle densities g ₁ , g ₂ , It also includes time adjustments to manage particle acceleration powers U ₁ and U ₂ .

It is explained below how the angle Ω ₁ between the geometric axes 13 and 14 of the two particle sources 11 and 12 influences the direction of movement and the evolution of the shape of the intersection volume 28 over time. increase. For clarity, in FIG. 4, in this example the angle Ω ₁ between the geometric axes 13 and 14 of the particle sources 11 and 12 is Ω ₁ <90 degrees and lies in a common plane (the plane of the drawing). 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the basic principles of the machine and method, including two pulsed particle sources.

FIG. 4 shows two particle sources 11 and 12 emitting synchronized clusters 16 and 17 without any time difference t _f between them. Both beams E ₁ , E ₂ are diverged by a certain amount using a system of magnetic lenses 18 and 19 so that they become larger in the volume around the intersection point 15 . As can be seen in FIG. 4, the intersection volume 28 of the particle beams E ₁ , E ₂ is divided into a number of smaller intersection volumes numbered consecutively 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 410 in this example. increase. The cluster groups 16 and 17 move with the velocity vectors Eqs. (1) and (2) above, such that the angle Ω ₁ between the geometric axes 13 and 14 is now such that it is shown in FIG. It is clear that the intersection volume 28 and its smaller constituent intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 and 410 move along the line of symmetry between the geometric axes 13 and 14 with velocity (4) vectors. At any time, the sum of the individual velocity vectors expressed by the following equation (4): A plurality of small constituent intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 410 moving in the direction of the vector expressed by the above equation (1). Is possible.

occurs between _two suitable pulsed particle beams _E1 , E2 with at _least the same pulse frequency ₍ meaning that length L1 is _equal to length L2 and distance D1 is _equal to distance D2) Given the time difference _tf , the velocity vectors of the small constituent intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 410 (4) above change in any direction outward from the line of symmetry between the geometric axes 13 and 14. can do things Also, the direction of the velocity vectors in equation (4) above for the small constituent intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 410 can be manipulated by changing the particle fluxes j1 and j2 originating from particle sources ₁₁ and ₁₂ . .

The individual small constituent intersection volumes 45,46,47,48,49,410 shown in Fig. 4 represent elongated flattened triaxial ellipsoidal shapes. The maximum length A of the small constituent intersection volume 48 is defined by the lengths L ₁ , L ₂ of the individual particle clusters 160 and 170, which in this example overlap by an angle Ω ₁ . The maximum width B of the small constructed intersection volume 48 is defined by the lateral overlap of the beams E ₁ , E ₂ originating from the two sources 11 and 12 at an angle Ω ₁ . The maximum width B depends on the amount of divergence α, β which defines the maximum radii r ₁ , r ₂ of the overlapping particle clusters 160 and 170 at the angle Ω ₁ under the angle t at a particular time t, and thus the aforementioned constituent intersection volume 48 will be created. The height and third axis like ellipse 48 are not visible here, but are directed deep into the image and are determined by angle Ω ₁ , divergence α, β and length L ₁ , L ₂ . It has been.

Shapes such as the individual smaller constituent intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 410 that are grouped together in the total intersection volume 28 have a shape resembling an ellipse, also shown in FIG. , the divergence α, β of the particle beams E ₁ , E ₂ , the angle Ω ₁ between the geometric axes 13 and 14 of the sources 11 and 12, the acceleration power U ₁ , U of the sources 11 and 12 in time t It is uniquely defined by the shape of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 that define the pulsed beams E ₁ , E ₂ through ₂ . Also create individual clusters 160 and 170 of cluster groups 16 and 17 with fixed lengths L ₁ and L ₂ . The aforementioned portions of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 represent different time function shapes (sine wave, square wave or other shape). FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 represent exemplary embodiments in the foregoing part of the control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 that define the pulses of the particle sources 11 and 12. FIG. Also, while Figure 4 shows a sine wave, this figure shows the square wave shape of the time function.

An example embodiment is shown below as represented in FIG. Fig. 5 shows instantaneous images of two cluster groups 16 and 17 generated from two arranged particle sources 11 and 12. It thus shoots individual clusters 160 and 170 of the same length (L ₁ =L ₂ ) in the direction of each other so that the angle between the geometric axes 13 and 14 of the sources 11 and 12 is 180 degrees. Since the cluster groups 16 and 17 are synchronized between them and there is no time difference t _f between them, the individual particle cluster 160 of the cluster group 16 generated from the particle source 11 and the individual particle cluster 17 generated from the particle source 12 It follows that the arrival time of particle cluster 170 in the volume around intersection 15 is the same. Distance 20 represents the distance from particle source 11 to intersection 15, and distance 21 represents the distance from particle source 12 to intersection 15. If the distance 20 is not the same as the distance 21, then the synchronous arrival of the individual clusters ₁₆₀ and 170 will occur with an appropriate time difference compensated by the difference between the movement speeds of v1 and _v2 , or the difference between the distances 20 and 21. will be Such an exemplary embodiment, as seen below in FIG. 5, is such that if the overlapping individual clusters 160 and 170 have cylindrical shapes, the clusters will overlap for a long time and the shape of the intersection volume 28 will be cylindrical. It is The length of the intersection volume 28, which has the shape of _a cylinder, is such that the maximum length of the intersection _volume 28 is the cluster and It will change as time overlaps. The cross-sections of individual clusters 160 and 170 are circular in this exemplary embodiment. So the indicated intersection volume 28 is _a cylinder of radius r1. By using appropriate modulation of flux intensity or divergence , individual clusters 160 and 170 can take any shape. Instead of cylindrical volumes of clusters 160 and 170, individual clusters 160 and 170 are now formed as halves of a sine wave. For further clarity (by any means, as shown in FIG. 4), FIGS. 1-3 and 5, which show the intersection volume 28, show a square wave I am using some of the control signals for pulses shaped as functions. This makes it easier to show the limit between high and low particle densities. In this example, however, a portion of the control signal for the pulse shaped as a sinusoidal function is used so that the intersection volume 28 of two particles shaped as a sinusoid and moving relative to each other is a rotational symmetry in the form of a tactoid. is formed as A tactoid-like object has a circular cross-section. When the sinusoidal function is used to modulate the divergence α, β at the same time as the individual clusters 160 and 170 is spherical, the intersection volume 28 of the clusters is also spherical.

If you look at Fig. 5, you can easily imagine the location of intersection volume 28 (Fig. 1-3). In this case, there is a time difference between the location where the individual clusters 160 and 170 generated from the particle sources 11 and 12 are and the location where the intersection volume 28 overlaps. If the cluster group 16 generated from the particle source 11 is moving in front of the cluster group 17 generated from the particle source 12, and the distance 20 of the particle source 11 to the crossing point 15 is equal to the distance 21 of the particle source 12. In some cases, particles 16 and 17 overlap in volume and are closer to particle source 12 . While individual clusters 170 of cluster group 17 have not yet reached intersection 15 , individual clusters 160 of cluster group 16 have moved forward and have already passed intersection 15 . The location of the intersection volume 28 is determined by use of a predetermined time difference between individual clusters 160 and 170 of the clusters 16 and 17 originating from the two separate particle sources 11 and 12.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment comprising six particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 that can be spatially arranged to create three pairs of particle sources. Each pair of particle sources faces in its own direction (facing each other) and is paired as follows. A first pair comprising sources 11 and 12, a second pair comprising sources 61 and 62, and a third pair comprising sources 63 and 64. The aforementioned particle sources are controlled by control signals CTRL 1, CTRL 2, CTRL 3, CTRL 4, CTRL 5, CTRL 6 through control units CT 1, CT 2, CT 3, CT 4, CT 5, CT 6 . The control units CT 1, CT 2, CT 3, CT 4, CT 5, CT 6 control the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 by control signals so that the length of the individual clusters of particles are L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ , L ₄ , L ₅ , L ₆ , time difference t _f , divergence α ₁ - α ₆ , acceleration power U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ , U ₄ , U ₅ , U ₆ It also manages parameters such as energy to be determined, velocity vector Equation (5) below, and density g.

In Figure 6, shown below, three pairs of mutually positioned sources are depicted, the geometric axes of the sources all intersecting at one point of intersection 15, and the geometry of the pair of sources The axes intersect at angles Ω ₁ , Ω ₂ , Ω ₃ . All particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 are individually equipped with a system of magnetic lenses 18, 19, 69, 70, 71, 72 and synchronized with each other. It also generates clusters 16, 17, 65, 66, 67, 68 at the same time in the direction of the velocity vector, so that each pair of sources emits clusters towards the other source. Thus, the first pair of sources 11 emit clusters 16 towards the opposite direction of the source 12, which in turn emits clusters 17 towards the source 11. This causes clusters 16 and 17 to move toward each other. Similarly, the second pair of particle sources 61 emit clusters 65 toward source 62 , which in turn emits clusters 66 toward source 61 . This causes clusters 65 and 66 to move toward each other. Similarly, the third pair of sources 63 emit clusters 68 toward source 63 and source 64 emits clusters 67 toward source 63 . This causes clusters 67 and 68 to move toward each other. Groups of clusters 16, 17, 65, 66, 67, 68 pre-determined particle clusters are equally separated from all six particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 around intersection points 15. arrive at the volume at the same time. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the beam divergences emanating from the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 are equal and may differ. The deflection can also be different, and the deflection of one of the various beams emanating from the particle source 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 is applied by the system of magnetic lenses 18, 19, 69, 70, 71, 72. caused by

If precisely formed supervisory signals are used in the exemplary embodiment, the intersection volume 28 of all clusters 16, 17, 65, 66, 67, 68 is a sphere with diameter 2R and the center of intersection 15 is shall be in The diameter 2R of the intersection volume 28 is modified by the divergence α ₁ -α ₆ and the shape of the individual beam pulses emanating from the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 and some manipulation of the control signals CTRL 1-6. can do things In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a square wave is used to pulsate the aforementioned beam , forming an intersection volume 28 about between a sphere-like sphere and a cube.

Further, in FIG. 6 of the exemplary embodiment shown below, the spatial symmetry of the intersection volume 28 for all velocity vectors out of the intersection point 15 in the direction of equation (5) above is clearly depicted.

Exemplary embodiments of basic principles of machines and methods of operation are also possible within the geometric axes of multiple particle sources. For example, particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 intersect at multiple points of intersection in space. Also an exemplary embodiment of the basic principle of the machine and method of operation is that multiple particle sources such as 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 intersect at various angles within the geometric axis Ω and change in the printing process. is also possible.
[Description of the embodiment]
Based on Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the following is a detailed representation of an exemplary embodiment of a machine for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects.
[Fig. 7] shows an exemplary embodiment of a machine for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects comprising two particle sources 11 and 12. Geometric axes 13 and 14 meet at intersection 15. This opportunity is provided by two windings 105 and 106, each with a current I used to create the magnetic field B. Windings 105 and 106 have a common geometric axis 107. Windings 105 and 106 are connected to control units CT B1 and CT B2 managed by control signals CTRL B1 and CTRL B2 respectively. In the printing space machine 2, a time-varying and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field B can be achieved using the windings 105, 106 so that the movement and magnetic levitation of the powder material 102 can be achieved in advance such as the object 3. This is accomplished by using magnetic forces at predetermined locations within the intersection volume 28 where the powder material 102 melts during the printing process 100 (FIG. 13) used to manufacture the defined three-dimensional object. increase. The printing space 2 of machine 1 is the largest area in machine 1 and can move and melt the powder material 102 . It is also possible to mark all the spaces within the vacuum chamber 116 that allow manufacturing.

Control units CT 1 and CT 2 managed by control signals CTRL1 and CTRL2 are used to control the parameters of the beams E ₁ , E ₂ emitted from the particle sources 11 and 12 . A control signal CTRL B1 through control unit CT B1 and a control signal CTRL B2 through control unit CT B2 define the direction and amplitude of the current I path through windings 105, 106 during the printing process 100 (FIG. 13). Its purpose is to move the powdered material 102 into the melting volume 280 (Fig. 3). By modulating the phase or amplitude or changing the direction of the current I path through the windings 105, 106, a suitable magnetic field B can be established that can move the powder material 102 to desired locations within the intersection volume 28. I can do it.

During the printing process 100 (Fig. 100), the powdered material 102 used to manufacture a three-dimensional object such as object 3 (Fig. 14) is stored in a container 101 (Fig. 7) prior to the printing process 100. increase. Dosing of powdered material 102 (FIG. 7) is controlled by stopper 103 at the exit of container 101 . During the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) the opening and closing of the stopper 103 is controlled by the control signal CTRL C1 via the control unit CT C1. As such, the powdered material 102 can be dosed according to a pre-determined amount. The windings 105 , 106 forming the magnetic field B are placed outside or inside the vacuum chamber 116 . For supports of printed object portions such as 1000 (Fig. 16), materials with very high melting points, or powder materials 102 (Fig. 7) used to manufacture objects such as Exemplary Object 3 (Fig. 14). This is done using a hollow cylinder or support rod 109 made using a material with a melting point well above its melting point. Conductive needle 115 is centered on support bar 109, with one side of the needle reaching intersection point 15 (Fig. 7). The other side of the conductive needle 115 is also connected to switches 111, 112, 113 that can be operated with the control signal CTRL F1 via the control unit CT F1. During excessive removal, switch 111 grounds conductive needle 115 to charge the particles, switch 112 connects conductive needle 115 to a potential W ₁ (+) higher than the potentials of particle sources 11 and 12, and switch 113 charges the particles. Connect the conducting needle to a potential W ₂ (-) that is lower than the potentials of sources 11 and 12. Conducting needle 115 and particle sources 11 and 12 form a complete electrical circuit that is connected in a vacuum or near-vacuum-like environment within vacuum chamber 116 so that no electrical charge builds up on the surface of the object and on conducting needle 115 . Negative and positive charges on particles that can move can be removed using conductive needles 115. A conducting needle 115 located in the center of the support rod 109 can be electronically connected to the surface of an object, such as the printed object portion 1000 shown in FIG. 16, while adding powder material. I can do it. During the printing process 100 (FIG. 13), if an object such as the printed object portion 1000 expands, or if necessary, the mechanization 114 (FIG. 17) of the outer support bars 109 is applied to the printed object portion 1000. such that the support bar 109 can mechanically support the printed object portion 1000 (FIG. 16). The mechanization 114 shown in Fig. 7 is managed by control signal CTRL D1 and control unit CT D1. A multi-directional mechanized support system 110, such as printed object portion 1000 (FIG. 16), allows movement of support rod 109 (FIG. 7), conducting needle 115, and printed object portion 110 (FIG. 16), Changes in spatial position relative to particle sources 11 and 12 (Fig. 7) are allowed during the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). The printed object portion 1000 shown in FIG. 16 expands during the printing process 100 (FIG. 13) to create a specific area within the machine printing space 2.

It is difficult to reach even with beams E1, E2 and is located in the shadow created by beams E1, E2 _behind the printed object portion 1000 _{( Fig} . ₁₆ ). The multi-directional mechanized support system 110 shown in FIG. 7 allows movement of the printed object 1000, conductive needles 115, and support rods 109 to minimize the shadow area of the printed object. I can. For the problem of unreachable areas in the shadow of a printed object portion, such as printed object portion 1000, a multi-directional machining support system 110 that enables the production of desired continuous print volumes and print volumes in all directions. (Fig. 7). A multi-directional mechanized support system 110 is also capable of rotating a printed object portion 1000 as shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 represents an exemplary embodiment of a machine 1 for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects comprising two particles 11 and 12 or two windings 105,106. The geometric axes 13 and 14 of the sources 11 and 12 are perpendicular to the common geometric axis 107 of the two windings 105,106. As such, the geometric axes 13, 14, 107 of the components of machine 1 (Fig. 7) are spatially independent without interdependence in different exemplary embodiments of machine 1 as represented in Figs. 7-12. will be placed as follows.
In [Fig. 9], machine 1 (Fig. 7) includes three sources 11, 12, 61 (Fig. 9), two windings 105, 106, three independent linear mechanizations of the sources 11, 12, 61. Represents an example embodiment. The independent linear mechanization 117 of the particle sources 11, 12, 61 also allows printing vertically from the center outwards in addition to the horizontal printing direction. Via the control unit CT H, the control signal CTRL H controls the linear mechanization 117.

A powdered material 102 is stored in a container 101 controlled through a stopper 103 . The finely dispersed powder material 102 is moved to a desired location in the intersection volume 28 of the beams E1 _, E2, E3 using the _{time -} varying, spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field B produced by the windings 105,106. I will let you. By increasing the divergence of the particle beams E1 _, E2 _, E3 , the particle sources ₁₁ , ₁₂ , 61 _{( Fig} . 9 ) is melted away from the intersection 15 of the geometric axes of the powder material 102 . If the diverged particle beam is too weak to melt the material, the melting _time is lengthened or _a magnetic lens system for directing the beams E1 _, E2, E3 to portions away from the point of intersection 15. A deflector in is used. This principle is taken into account while generating the control signal CTRL before the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). Thus, during a predetermined time interval at the intersection of beams E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ away from intersection point 15, the particle kinetic energy required to melt powder material 102 (FIG. 9) is You can collect quantity.
[Fig. 10] represents an exemplary embodiment of Machine 1 (Fig. 7), including three particle sources 11, 12, 61 (Fig. 9), two windings 105, 106 and a circular machining 118. A circular mechanization 118 allows rotation of the first source 11 with respect to the two sources 12,61 in a plane perpendicular to the axes of the two sources 12,61. The exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 (Fig. 7) is possible in one axis of the particle source, e.g. While, similarly for particle sources 12 and 16, circular mechanization 118 is controlled by control signal CTRL G via control unit CT G.
[Fig. 11] represents an exemplary embodiment of a machine 1 comprising four particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62 and four windings 105, 106, 205, 206. The machine 1 has tetrahedral symmetry, with the geometric axes of the individual particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62 oriented in the direction of the tetrahedron's three axes and meeting at a common intersection point 15 in the center of the tetrahedron. Machine 1 includes four windings 105, 106, 205, 206 for creating a time-varying and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field B that causes movement of powdered material 102 into the melting volume. Powdered material 102 is dosed and stored in a manner similar to the exemplary embodiment described for container 101 with stopper 103, as previously described. Objects such as object 3 (Fig. 14) are produced gradually by the initial overlapping of clusters in which the beams around crossing point 15 (Fig. 12) are combined, and for conduction needle 115 (Fig. 7) the production of the object is located on top of the multi-directional mechanized support system 110, where the printing process 100 begins.

Hereinafter, the additive manufacturing method for a three-dimensional object according to the present invention will be described by taking the production of the object 3 as an example. Hereinafter, all the processes of additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention are mainly divided into two processes, which are schematically represented in FIG. First, let's take a closer look at the main process, named Preparing for Press.

Most additive manufacturing techniques for 3D objects require the preparation of a digital file of the 3D object to be manufactured. Digital files containing records of three-dimensional object-like shapes are now known in multiple formats such as stereolithography (abbreviated .stl), object files (abbreviated .obj), and CAD (Computer Aided Design) is created using software. Digital files of these types of three-dimensional objects contain descriptions of their outer layers or shapes and are prepared for manufacture using software that creates a control file that can be read by a 3D printer. Therefore, it is written in a programming language so that it can be converted by a 3D printer. Also, widely used management file formats such as G-code are often used for standard domestic 3D printers and are written in programming languages using numerical control (numerical control programming language).

In the process named print preparation 5 according to the invention, all of the control signals CTRL 1-CTRL H (FIGS. 7, 8, 9) governing all control units CT 1-CTH of machine 1 are synchronized A management file 10 is created containing a record of the time functions of all the operations of the machine 1 during the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). To perform the printing process 100 using the machine, machine 1 (example 7) according to the invention first creates a management file 10 (Fig. 13) in print preparation 5. The management file 10, which can be converted to G-code, differs significantly from G-code in the printing process 100 using the machine 1 according to the invention and is performed in a curved three-dimensional printing volume. The method and machine according to the invention differ from all machines and methods known so far, in particular in that the individual printing volumes are neither thin planes nor two-dimensional or layers.

A digital file 4 of the 3D object 4 containing a record of the outer surface or shape of the 3D object is first read and imported into the system for print preparation 5, which is a component of the machine 1 according to the invention. . After that, a press specification 6 and a machine specification 7 are defined in the system for print preparation 5. The printing specification 6 contains all the information that affects the printing process 100 (Figure 13). e.g. information in the powder material (102), the prescribed degree of filling of the print (the object can be either 100% filled or a three-dimensional structure with the interior completely unfilled), the prescribed thickness of the outer object wall outside print resolution, print orientation, print start point 151 (Fig. 14), and other necessary information. The print specification 7 contains all the parameters of machine 1 that are important in the difference between the individual example embodiment of machine 1 and the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). Machine specification 7 contains information such as: The number of sources n _e , the mutual spatial arrangement of the sources including the distance 20,21 (Fig. 5) to the crossing point 15, the angle Ω between the geometric axes of the sources, the electron winding n _b for magnetic levitation purposes. and the distance to intersection point 15, the angle between their respective geometric axes, the size of container 101 (Fig. 7) containing powder material 102, the size of particle source mechanization 117, 118 (Figs. 9, 10). Parameter manipulation, multi-directional machining support system 110 (FIG. 7), support bar machine 114 supporting the product.

In the next step, the aforementioned digital files 4 (Fig. 13) of the three-dimensional object, printing specifications 6 and mechanical specifications 7 are imported into a printing process simulator 8 where a spatial division 50 of the three-dimensional object digital file 4 is performed. , is performed using a simulation of the printing process 100 by the exemplary embodiment of Machine 1.

The digital file 4 (Fig. 13) of the three-dimensional object in the simulator 8 (Fig. 13) is spatially arranged so that the starting point of printing 151 (Fig. 14) is within the three-dimensional object embedded within the digital file. placed. In the machine 1 simulator 8 coordinate system, the printing start point 151 (Fig. 14) is the same as the point of intersection 15 in the real space of machine 1 (Figs. 7-12) executing the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). It refers to the point as shown in FIGS. 7-12 where at least two geometric axes 13, 14 of at least two particle sources 11, 12 of individual exemplary embodiments of machine 1 meet. When using an exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 that allows multiple intersections 15 of the geometric axes, for example as shown in FIGS. 9-12, the coordinate system in the simulator 8 (FIG. 13) The starting point of printing in will be placed in one of the intersections in the plurality.

A sequence 51 of individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13) in the next step occurs with spatial division 50 in the simulator 8 while simulating the printing process. Refers to the sequence 51 of print volumes 1, 2, 3..Z containing the Z numbers of the individual print volumes. The individual printing volumes shown in figures 13 and 14 are individual printing volumes 152, 153, 154...2000. In the previous example of the printing process 100 using the machine 1 (Figs. 7-12), the three-dimensional object 3 (Fig. 14), the sequence 51 of successive individual print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13 ) will be produced gradually. While dividing the spatial division 50 of the digital file 4 of the three-dimensional object into individual print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z-sequence 51, the simulator 8 maximizes each print volume 1, 2, 3...Z. so that the individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z will be limited only by the amount of powder material 102 (Fig. 7) that can be melted by the machine 1 at a particular time and the amount of melting energy. increase. Because the intersection volume 28 (Fig. 3) and its melt volume 280 are greatly expanded inside the object 3 (Fig. 14) used in this description, the printing process 100 is Allows the production of the print volume inside object 3 without affecting it.

In simulator 8, each print volume 1, 2, 3...Z in sequence 51 is appropriate according to an exemplary embodiment of a machine such as machine 1 (Figs. 7-12) or steps of printing process 100 (Fig. 13). is adjusted to a specific intersection volume 28 or equivalent melting volume 280 of multiple particle sources 11,12. Individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3..Z to melt material in multiple directions and at the same time small component intersection volumes 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 410 using machine 1. is produced while being combined using multiple intersection volumes 28 (Fig. 4).

Using a production simulation of individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13), the simulator 8 calculates the number of particle sources required for each individual printing volume 1, 2, 3...Z. Define and adjust divergence , deflection, pulsation, and all other source parameters as required. Thus, during the printing process 100 (Fig. 13), particle clusters such as 160, 170 (Fig. 2) are formed, such clusters 160, 170 occupying printed volumes 1, 2, 3.. .Z will be required for material melting. The simulator 8 thus successively comes to define all the necessary parameters in the machine 1 for the printing process 100 of the individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z. In simulator 8 (Fig. 13), the steps required for individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z are repeated in the parameters of machine 1 respectively. In that way a sequence 51 of print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z is created and all the necessary control signals CTRL 1-CTRL H use the printing process 100 for an object such as object 3 (Fig. 14). produced for the production of While generating a sequence 51 (FIG. 13) of printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z, the simulator 8 performs the printing process 100 ( 13) will be considered. Generating a sequence 51 of individual print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z so that the surface of the object is produced using the high print resolution and the interior of the object is produced using the low resolution. It is possible to On the surface of objects such as Object 3 depicted in Figure 14, high resolution can be used for small print volumes, and large print volumes can be manufactured inside.

In the generator 9 based on the sequence 51 of printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z obtained using a simulation all the required control signals CTRL 1-CTRL H (Fig. 7-10) to operate the control units CT 1-CTH of machine 1 (Figs. 6, 12) using the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) of an object later in this example, such as object 3 (Fig. 14) management file 10 is created. The aforementioned control file 10 (Fig. 13) is a record of different time functions and synchronized control signals CTRL operating the control units CT 1 -CTH during the machine 1 and the printing process 100 (Fig. 13).
Includes 1-CTRL H (Fig. 7-10). While generating the final control file 10 (FIG. 13), the melting point of the material and the capabilities of the exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 being used determine the length of all control signals CTRL 1-CTRL H. increase.

In the generator 9 the synchronization and creation of all the control signals is done, the control signal CTRL C1 (Fig. 7) controlling the stopper 103 on the example container, the actuator 104, the ground connection of the conducting needle 115. Control signal CTRL F1 governing _high voltage W1 or low voltage W2, control signal CTRL D1 governing mechanization ₁₁₄ of support rods 109, control signal CTRL E1 governing multidirectional mechanization support system 110. , the control signal CTRL H governing the linear mechanization 117 (Fig. 9), the control signal governing the circular mechanization 118 (Fig. 10), and others requiring control signals. Upon completion of the Print Preparation 5 (Figure 13) step, the Control File 10 is used to perform the Print Process 100 used in one of the Machine 1 example embodiments of Figures 7-12.

Below is a detailed description of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). Take for example the production of the three-dimensional object 3 shown in Figure 14. We also use an exemplary embodiment of Machine 1 comprising 6 particle sources (n _e =6) and 6 windings (n _b =6) as represented in FIGS. In the example above, the actual three-dimensional object 3 (Fig. 14) was produced using the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) using the machine 1, and the object 3 (Fig. 14) is the digital file 4 defined in the print preparation 5. (Fig. 13) and take the shape of a cat as an example.

Figure 14 shows a cross-section that is an example of a spatial division 50 of a digital file of a three-dimensional object 4 (Figure 13) in a simulator 8. It also represents at the same time a sequence 51 of individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z, which in real space is the progressive production of object 3 (Fig. 14) during the printing process 100 (Fig. 13). .

In the print preparation 5 (Fig. 13) the shape with the digital file 4 of the three-dimensional object is placed in the coordinate system of the simulator 8 of the machine 1 (Fig. 12), so that the print with the shape of the sphere in real space Volume 1 152 (Fig. 14) will be produced during the printing process 100. The center of print volume 1 152 is the starting point 151 of printing and also the same point of intersection 15 of the geometric axes of particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64, as shown in FIG. is similar to that used in the exemplary embodiment of Machine 1. The end of the conducting needle 115 reaches the print start point 151 (Fig. 14). As represented in the exemplary embodiment of machine 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 12, use of defined control signals CTL 1-CTRL H causes intersection volume 28 to be shaped like a sphere of diameter 2R. , is the intersection volume 28 of all six sources 11,12,61,62,63,64. The diameter 2R of the created sphere is the beam divergence α ₁ - α ₆ and the individual particle cluster lengths L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ , L ₄ , _L5 , and _L6 can be changed arbitrarily by managing them individually.

In the following, the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) for producing the individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z is first described in detail, in which the spatial division 50 in the printing preparation 5 occurs in the sequence 51. The explanation will proceed with the manufacture of object 3 as an example. j Within the first step of the printing process 100, which in this example embodiment produces a printing volume 1 152 in the shape of a sphere, the Powdered material 102 (Fig. 7) is added to the printing space 2 of machine 1 within the prescribed time of the stopper 103. A controlled amount of powdered material 102 is thus added to the printing space 2 of machine 1 . This step of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) ensures that the conducting needle 115 (Fig. 7) is properly positioned so that it reaches the starting point 151 of the print (Fig. 14). If desired, movement of the conducting needle 115 (FIG. 7) and support rod 109 can also be accomplished using a multi-directional mechanized support system 110. If necessary, the mechanized actuator 104 (Fig. 7) for the control signal powder material 102, controlled by CTRL C1 via the control unit C1, switches on and prints through the exit controlled by the stopper 103. While passing through space 2, check to see if the powdered material 102 is stuck. Windings 105, 106, 205, 206, 207, 208 closed by stoppers 103 for releasing powder material 102 into printing space 2 and controlled by control signals CTRL B1-B6 via control units CT B1-B6. and the system producing the magnetic field B can convey the powdered material 102 into the pre-existing melting volume. (meaning that the magnetic field B is starting) In this step of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13), the finely dispersed powder material 102 (Fig. 7) uses a magnetic force to move the area of the starting point 151 (Fig. 14) of the printing. Carried to the peripheral print volume 1 152. The conducting needle 115 (Fig. 7) is already positioned at the print start point 151 (Fig. 14) and a spherical initial print volume 1 152 around the print start point 151 is produced. When powder material 102 (Fig. 7) is placed within a defined print volume 1 152 around print start point 151, particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 (Fig. 12) are activated ( The windings 105, 106, 205, 206, 207, 208 are turned off (meaning that the electric field B is set to zero value). In this case, the magnetic field B does not interfere with particle movement from the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 around the printing start point 151, and the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 ( A time t _e is required for the particle to move from the print start point 151 (Fig. 14) to the print start point 151 (Fig. 14). Immediately after the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 are activated t _e the magnetic field B is set to a zero value, so that the particle sources are located in the printing volume 1 152 (
It will arrive in or near Fig. 14).

Predefined particle clusters within cluster groups 16, 17, 65, 66, 67, 68 (Fig. 6, 12) are simultaneously also intersection volume 28 (Fig. 6) and particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62 ,63,64 (Figs. 6, 12) stack synchronously within the printing volume 1 152 (Fig. 14) around the intersection 15 of the geometric axes.

When particles are emitted from a plurality of particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64, particles with individually defined velocity vectors (5) above arrive at the intersection volume 28 and disperse the powder material. A melting volume 280 is created within the particle kinetic energy density that causes the powder material 102 to melt within the intersection volume 28 having a particle kinetic energy density exceeding the threshold required to melt. The powdered material 102 melts within the melt volume 280 to produce the melted powdered material 102 as shown in FIG.

During particle collisions (elastic or inelastic) with powder materials, the total linear and angular momentum is conserved. In the case of inelastic collisions between particles emitted from the particle source and the powder material, the total power of the particles is transferred to the powder material, so the melted powder material 1020 is used for total power conservation. It can be used by pushing forces to move powder material at a certain speed after collision between particles. The pushing force produced by the particles emitted from the particle source by power conservation can effectively guide the fused powder material 1020 to the desired final location on the printed object portion 1000 .

16, 17, 65, 66, 67, 68 (Fig. 6), with individual synchronized particle clusters from all cluster groups, transfer particle power onto the printed object portion 1000 of the manufactured object. of molten powder material 1020 (Fig. 16). In the previous example of the initial printed volume 1 152 (FIG. 14), which is in the form of a manufactured sphere, a melted drop of material 1020 is applied onto the conducting needle 115 . In addition to the motive movement of the particles on the molten powder material 1020 during impact, between the particles and the printed object portion 1000, or in the case of initial print volume 1 production, between the particles and the conducting needle 115 (FIG. 16). The resulting power is used. Either by using a switch 112 to electronically connect the printed object portion 1000 with the conducting needle 115, or at the beginning of manufacture connecting the conducting needle 115 (FIG. 16) from _an external voltage source to the high voltage W1. takes place during the process of _The voltage W1 coming from outside may be low. In the process of generating and predefining the control signals CTRL 1-6 (Fig. 6) controlling the pulses just described, first the powder material is targeted and generated in the control signal part, and then the melted powder material 1020 (Fig. 16) shall be used for the purpose of applying to the desired final part.

The steps in the printing process 1000 (Fig. 13) apply a molten powder material 1020 to the printed object portion 1000 and turn off the particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 (meaning they stop emitting particles). ) and the ground switch 111 turned on (meaning that a connection is made) to remove excess particles from the surface or interior of the printed object portion 1000 . A support bar 109 around the conducting needle 115 (Fig. 16) must always reach the printed object portion 1000, thus making it possible to provide additional mechanical support. After the foregoing steps of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13), the molten powder material 1020 cools and solidifies to form a solid ball supported by the support rods 109 (Fig. 16) and having the conducting needles 115 therein. During the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) of object 3, the conducting needle 115 becomes part of the printed object portion 1000 (Fig. 14) and the wide support bar 109 (Fig. 16) becomes part of the printed object portion 1000 (Fig. 16) gradually move away from This is because the conductive needle 115 must always be in contact with the surface of the printed object portion 1000 and the printed object portion 1000 must be mechanically supported by the support rod 109 . If desired, the printed object portion 1000 (FIG. 16) in the step of the printing process 1000 (FIG. 13) uses the multidirectional mechanized support system 110 (FIG. 7) to print the next print volume in sequence 51 (FIG. 13). 1152 (FIG. 14), after which the above described steps of the printing process 100 enable the production of the next print volume in sequence 51 (FIG. 13). repeated for In the example shown in FIG. 14, the next print volume in sequence 51 is shell-shaped print volume 2 153 .

The production of print volume 2 153 is carried out using control signals CTR 1-6 (Fig. 6) governing particle sources 11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64 with a predetermined divergence α ₁ , α ₂ , α ₃ , α ₄ , α ₅ , α ₆ are used to increase the diameter of the beams E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , E ₄ , E ₅ and the location of the intersection volume 28 remains at the center of the system. to keep That is, its center is intersection 15, which in this case is print start point 151 (Fig. 14). This step of the printing process 100 allows the production of the next printed volume 2 153 (Figs. 13, 14) in the shape of a shell, with both overlapping particle clusters and fused volumes 28 at the large intersection volume 28 (Fig. 3). This process results in a larger diameter. This causes the powder material to melt within a large shell-shaped printing volume 2 153 (Figs. 13, 14), making the spheres concentric with respect to the initially produced printing volume. The previous printing process is repeated, using an expanded beam to produce the next printing volume 3 154 in the shape of a shell.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14, which schematically illustrates the spatial division 50 (FIG. 13) and printing process 100, machine 1 (FIGS. 6, 12) is used to print individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z The above described steps of the printing process 100 allowing the production of are repeated in the sequence 51 of the individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13). During the printing process 100 all the steps described above are repeated allowing the production of individual printing volumes 1 152 . The whole process is from releasing the powder material by opening the stopper 103 (Fig. 7) in the container 101 to entering the printing area 2 of the machine 1 to ejecting the printed object part 1000 (Fig. 16). It will include the process of Preprinted object parts 1000 (FIG. 16) use switches 111 to reposition printed object parts 1000 to defined locations using multidirectional support system mechanization 110 (FIG. 7) if necessary. things are also possible. 7),
The continuous production of the individual printing volumes 1,2,3...Z (Fig. 13), shaped like shells in this exemplary embodiment, produces the printed object parts 1000 (Fig. 16). Continuing to the surface, we approach the surface of the object 3 manufactured within the printed object portion 1000, which is a continuous portion of the interior of the object 3 (Fig. 14). 14 and 15, the largest internal continuous portion of exemplary object 3 (FIG. 14) is the largest shell-shaped printing volume 155. , print volume 1 152 , print volume 2 153 , and print volume 3 154 . In this example all internal volumes of Object 3 are produced using large, thick continuous printed volumes that do not affect the appearance of Object 3, which is shaped like a cat (Fig. 14).

As mentioned above, in the simulator 8 (Fig. 13), in such a way an order 51 of the print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z is defined, so that the individual print volumes 1, 2, 3.. Consecutive steps of the printing process 100 that enable the production of .Z and shadows created by each step or printed object part (Fig. 16) will be avoided. During the manufacture of the shell-like shaped printing volume 3 155 (Fig. 14) as in the example, the shadow made from the printing volume 2 152 shall be taken into account.

Continuous production of the individual printing volumes 1,2,3...Z (Fig. 13) during each production of the order 51 or production of the individual printing volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13) from the first step of discharging the powder material 102 (Fig. 7) into the printing space 2 of the machine 1 by opening the stopper 103 of the container 101, using the switch 111 and if necessary Up to and including ejecting the printed part 1000 (Fig. 16) using mechanical movement of the object using the multi-directional support system mechanism 110.

The next step in the printing process 100 is to move the center of the intersection volume 28 (Fig. 1) to two new points (156, 1560 in Fig. 14). These steps of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) allow for the production of successive print volumes in sequence 51 and melt the powder material 102 (Fig. 7) at the intersection volume 28, so that both the print volumes 157 and 1570 are produced at the same time. it will be possible to create. Print volumes 157 and 1570 will be produced on the surface of the shell of print volume 155, and will be produced from new print origins 156, 1560 in all directions as simultaneously as possible. The individual print volumes 1, 2, 3...Z (Fig. 13) are, in this example, print volumes 157 and 1570 (Fig. 14) due to the capabilities of the exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 used in the printing process 100. is combined from multiple print volumes, including multiple print volumes. After print volumes 157 and 1570 are manufactured, print volumes 158 and 1580 are simultaneously manufactured, and finally print volumes 159 and 1590 are simultaneously manufactured. A growing component of the final print 3 (Fig. 14) is produced by successive steps of such a printing process 100 (Fig. 13), also allowing the production of successive individual print volumes. During the printing process 100, print volumes 158 and 1580 allow multiple print volumes located at different spatial locations to be produced simultaneously. The capabilities of the exemplary embodiment of the machine 1 used for manufacturing enable simultaneous manufacturing with various print orientations. In shell-like shaped printing volume 157 of FIG. 14 shown below, printing volume 157 is produced on the opposite side of the printed shell of printing volume 155 and printing volume 1570 in 1570 and various can be manufactured at the same time by using different particle sources.

Figure 15 represents a schematic diagram of a schematic printing process 100 (Figure 13) flowing in time and a sequence of individual printing volumes 51 (Figure 13). Bold lines indicate possible simultaneous print directions from the outside center of the print run 100.

Based on the manufacturing process described above, all the steps of the printing process 100 (Fig. 13) are continuously added, melted and ejected for each printing volume 1, 2, 3...Z of the sequence 51. It's going to happen. The steps of the printing process 100 that enable the production of each print volume are repeated by the sequence 51 print volumes. After each step of the printing process 100 that allows for the production of the next print volume in sequence 51, the newly produced portion will be added to the already printed object portion, such as 1000 (FIG. 16) in this example. increase. During successive steps of the printing process (Fig. 13), a shape such as the printed object portion 1000 becomes more like the desired shape. In this example, we are approaching the shape of a cat. As the manufacturing process approaches the desired surface and shape of the object, the resolution of the print will improve. The printing resolution is determined by the diameter 2R (FIG. 6) of the intersection volume 28 of the beam E, in this exemplary embodiment the particle beams overlap to form a shell made of molten powder material and a sphere of diameter 2R. be equivalent.

In FIG. 16, an exemplary embodiment of machine 1 (FIG. 7) comprising two particle beams E1, E2 is shown compared to object fabrication by successive stacking of thin two-dimensional layers of height Z in discrete print volumes 1, 2, 3... will expand Z. FIG. 16 represents two particle beams E1, E2 whose geometric axes meet at the tip of the conducting needle 115. FIG. In this example, intersection volume 28 is a complex shape formed around printed object portion 1000 . A melted powder material 1020 is applied to the surface of the printed object portion 1000 using electrical power. Said power is produced by connecting the conductive needle 115 using a higher potential W1 to the switch 112 for a specific time/length. The time to connect the conducting needle 115 to the high potential W1 is determined by the amount (thickness) of the powder material 102 that collects on the surface of the printed object portion 1000.

It represents an example of the basic principles of mechanical operation and methods involving two particle sources that simultaneously emit particle clusters appearing around the intersection of the geometric axes of the particle clusters and creating a specific intersection volume. It represents the effect of the time delay between the first generated particle cluster and the second particle source on the total particle density and shape of the intersection volume. We demonstrate the expansion effect of individual particle clusters occurring on the size of the intersection volume by extending the pulse duration and increasing the divergence . It represents the effects of source divergence variation and angular variation between the source geometric axes on the intersection volume combined from the multiple small intersection volumes given in this example. It represents an example of the basic principles of mechanical operation and methods involving two particle sources that emit particle clusters that move in one direction and the angle between the geometric axes of the particle clusters is 180 degrees. It represents an example of the basic principles of mechanical operation and methods involving six particle sources arranged in pairs. Arranged in pairs, the particles originating in the individual pair sources move in both directions and the angle between the geometric axes of the individual pair sources is 180 degrees. Arranged as discrete pairs, all geometric axes for the aforementioned particle sources will intersect at one point. It shows an exemplary embodiment of a machine that includes two particle sources, a magnetic levitation system and an electrostatic force system for powder materials, and a support system for object manufacturing. An exemplary embodiment of a machine comprising two particle sources and a powder material magnetic levitation system in which the particle sources are arranged so that the axis of the beam lies in a plane perpendicular to the geometric axis of the winding. is shown. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a three-dimensional object additive manufacturing machine including three independent pulsating particle sources, a magnetic levitation system for powder materials, and three independent linear machining for the particle sources. An exemplary embodiment of an additive manufacturing machine for an object is shown, including three independent pulsating particle sources, a magnetic levitation system for powder materials, and circular machining for one of the particle sources. An exemplary embodiment of an additive manufacturing machine for an object is shown including four independent pulsating particle sources, a powder material magnetic levitation system, and a powder material dosing system showing an exemplary embodiment of the machine representing the geometry of a tetrahedron. increase. Shows an example embodiment of an additive manufacturing machine for an object, including six independent pulsating particle sources, a powder material magnetic levitation system, and a powder material dosing system showing an example embodiment of the machine representing the geometry of a cube . 1 represents a flow chart schematic diagram of an additive manufacturing method according to the present invention. It represents a spatial division and cross-sectional schematic of an exemplary object to be manufactured, such as a series of discrete printed volumes, in this example a sphere and a shell. Spatial partitioning as in the example can be done using an exemplary embodiment of the machine that includes six particle sources. In the example depicted, the molten volume is shaped like a sphere or shell. The subsequent print volume is also drawn. A schematic diagram of the main simultaneous printing directions and an example spatial division of an exemplary object into a series of printing volumes are depicted. It demonstrates the principle of adding powder material to a partially printed object using two particle beams and an electrostatic force system.

Claims (15)

A machine for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object, comprising:
comprising a vacuum chamber having at least two sources of particles having mass disposed therein;
each source emits one beam,
each source is provided with a system of magnetic lenses that adjust the divergence and deflection of the beam;
A conductive needle is arranged inside the vacuum chamber,
the conducting needle has reached the starting point of printing in the melting area,
The conducting needles are connected to switches (111), (112) and (113) operated by control signals (CTRL F1) through a control unit (CT F1),
A switch (111) grounds the conducting needle,
a switch (112) connected to a higher potential than the at least two sources;
the switch (113) is connected to a potential lower than the at least two sources;
The powder material for manufacturing the above object comprises:
- by magnetic levitation due to the magnetic field (B) generated using at least two windings (105, 106, 205, 206, 207, 208),
- by electrostatic forces between the conducting needle and the powder material, or
- with the sum vector of momentum of the particles emitted from at least two of said sources and producing a pushing force on said powder material,
transported to the melting area above,
The intersection of at least two beams emanating from at least two of said sources is defined as a curved volume that is neither a two-dimensional layer with a specific height nor a small point with a permanently determined size. A machine, wherein a control unit (CT 1) and a control unit (CT 2) control the divergence and deflection of at least two of said beams so that said melting area is fused. located in the vacuum chamber (116);
a first source (11) emitting a first beam (E ₁ ) of particles having mass ;
a first system of magnetic lenses (18) that defines the divergence (α) and deflection of the first beam (E ₁ ) ;
a first control signal (CTRL 1) controlling a first source (11) via a control unit (CT 1) ;
a second source (12) emitting a _second beam (E2) of particles having mass ;
a second system of magnetic lenses (19) that defines the divergence (β) and deflection of the second beam (E ₂ ) ;
a second control signal (CTRL 2) which controls the second source (12) via the control unit (CT 2) ,
Two or more clusters (160, 170) emitted from different sources (11, 12) overlap in a defined volume of the printing space (2) of the machine (1) to form a curved three-dimensional Create the intersection volume (28),
The outer surface of the volume (28) is curved and
Inside volume (28) , melting volume (280) is defined as a curved volume corresponding to the intersection of at least _two beams of particles (E1 , E2 ) emitted from at _least two sources (11, 12) . is defined and
the total amount of energy of the individual predetermined clusters (160, 170) exceeds the energy threshold required to melt the powdered material (102) located in the melting volume (280) ;
The powdered material (102) is
- by magnetic levitation due to the magnetic field (B) generated using at least two windings (105, 106, 205, 206, 207, 208),
- a switch (112) that creates a current between the conducting needle (115) and _a higher potential (W1 ) or a switch (115) that creates a current between the conducting needle (115) and a lower potential ( _W2 ) 113) using a control signal (CTRL F1) and a control unit (CT F1) to manage the powder material (102) and the printed object part (1000) by means of electrostatic forces, or
- using the sum vector of the momentum of the particles emitted from two or more sources (11, 12) spaced apart and producing a pushing force on the powder material (102),
transported to the melting volume (280),
2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the total amount of energy causes melting of the powder material (102). 2 or more particle sources (11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64), 2 or more control signals (CTRL 1, CTRL 2, CTRL 3, CTRL 4, CTRL 5, CTRL 6) and 2 3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following control units (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5, CT6). The geometric axis (13) of the first source (11) and the geometric axis (14) of the second source (12) intersect at the intersection (15) at an angle of 0-360 degrees , and so that the distance (20) from (11) to the intersection (15) and the distance (21) from the second source (12) to the intersection (15) are within the range of 10 cm to 20 m , a first source (11) and a second particle source (12) are spatially arranged,
or,
The geometric axes of multiple particle sources (11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64) meet at an intersection (15) or multiple intersections at an angle of 0-360 degrees , and all sources (11, Multiple particle sources (11, 12, 61, 62, 62, 61, 62, 63, 64) are arranged such that the distance from the intersection (15) or intersections is in the range of 10 cm to 20 m . 63 , 64) are spatially arranged. A machine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims , wherein the particles having mass emitted from the source (11, 12, 61, 62, 63, 64) are electrons. The control signal (CTRL 1) controlling the first source (11) and the control signal (CTRL 2) controlling the second source (12) are timely set to each other,
4. The claim wherein the spatial position of the intersection volume (28) is managed using the time difference _tf occurring between at least two distinct clusters separately emitted from at least two sources (11, 12). 6. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . The divergence (α ₁ ) of the beam emitted from the first source (11), the divergence (α ₂ ) of the beam emitted from the second source (12), the individual emitted from the first source (11) By varying the length (L ₁ ) of the cluster (160) of and the length (L2) of the individual cluster (170) emitted from the second source (12), the size of the intersection volume ( 28) is managed. The individual intersection volume (28) consists of multiple smaller volumes ,
The powder material (102) is stored in a container (101) with a stopper (103) prior to printing ,
The outlet of the container (101) is equipped with an actuator (104) to disperse the powder material (102) ,
The stopper (103) is managed by the control unit (CT C1) via a control signal (CTRL C1) ,
One (11) particle source or multiple particle sources (12, 61) may be linearly mechanized (117) to allow movement of the source (11, 12, 61) or other sources (12, 61). 8. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in conjunction with a circular mechanization (118) allowing rotation of one of said sources (11) relative to ). through a conductive needle (115) electrically connected to the surface of the printed object part and managed by the control unit (CT F1) via a control signal (CTRL F1) ; 9. A machine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein excess charge is removed from printed object portions. A method for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object , comprising:
print preparation (5); and
a printing process (100) using a simulator (8) during print preparation (5) and based on printing specifications (6) and machine specifications (7);
Spatial division ( 50 ) of the digital file of the three-dimensional object (4) is performed prior to the creation of the management file (10) using the generator (9),
The control file (10) uses control signals (CTRL 1-H) defined via the control unit (CT 1-H) to control the machine (1 ) of the assembly department ,
A final object is manufactured by progressively manufacturing individual component parts and assembling those component parts in a specific sequence until the final object is manufactured ;
The discrete components of the final manufactured three-dimensional object are neither two-dimensional layers with specific heights nor small points with permanently fixed dimensions, but rather three-dimensional curved volumes. and
a powder material (102) is melted within a defined curved melting volume (280) inside an intersection volume (28) of beams emitted from a plurality of particle sources (11, 12);
Within the defined melting volume (280), the sum of the kinetic energies of the particles emitted from the multiple particle sources (11, 12) exceeds the threshold required to melt the powder material (102),
The powdered material (102) is
- by magnetic levitation using a plurality of windings (105, 106) producing a magnetic field (B), or
- by making an electrical connection of a higher potential (W ₁ ) to the conduction needle (115) via the switch (112) or a lower potential (W 1 ) to the conduction needle (115) via the switch (113) W ₂ ), the electrostatic force between the conducting needle (115) electrically connected to the surface of the printed object portion (1000) and the powder material (102) caused by making the electrical connection of
transported to the melting volume (280), or
The powdered material (102) is emitted from two or more sources (11, 12) spaced apart and with a sum vector of particle momentum producing a pushing force on the powdered material (102). , transported to other parts of the printed object part (1000). Electrical connection between conducting needle (115) or printed body part (1000) and _ground connection, point with lower potential ₍ W2) or higher potential (W1) 11. A method according to claim 10, wherein excess charge is removed from the surface of the printed object portion (1000) via a switch (111) that causes a . 12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the individual curved print volumes (1,2,3...Z) of the sequence (51) consist of a plurality of smaller print volumes (157, 1570). A plurality of curved small print volumes (157, 1570) constituting the individual print volumes (1, 2, 3...Z) of the sequence (51) are produced in multiple print directions at the same time. 13. The method of any one of 10-12. 14. A method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the individual curved print volume (152) of the sequence (51) is inside the next print volume (153) of the sequence (51). 15. Any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the surface of the individual curved printing volume (155) of the sequence (51) is in contact with the surface of the next individual curved printing volume (1570) of the sequence (51). or the method according to item 1 .