JPWO2018207708A1 - Method of preventing fouling of heat exchanger in petroleum process - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a method for preventing heat exchanger fouling in petroleum processes. A method for preventing heat exchanger contamination in a petroleum process, comprising adding a phosphite compound and a dispersant to a process fluid passing through the heat exchanger.

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing heat exchanger fouling in petroleum processes.

  In the distillation process of a petroleum refining plant for refining crude oil, after crude oil is heated in a heat exchanger and a heating furnace, it is sent to a distillation column and distillation operation is performed. In the heat exchanger and the heating furnace, the crude oil receives a heat history and a large amount of dirt adheres. One form of the soil component is a form in which an organic polymer component called asphaltene is mixed. The adhesion of dirt causes a reduction in the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger and the furnace, resulting in an increase in the amount of fuel used to maintain the outlet temperature.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a heat exchanger and a furnace antifouling agent and an antifouling method to be added to a process fluid prior to a desalter. In addition, Patent Document 2 discloses a method for preventing asphaltene-derived contamination of a preheated cross in a petroleum process using a phosphoric acid ester-based anticorrosive agent and a dispersant.

JP, 2010-163539, A WO2015 / 022979

  The inventors of the present invention have found that phosphoric acid ester-based anticorrosive agents are particularly useful for preventing asphaltene-derived soiling during preheating (Patent Document 2). However, when phosphoric acid ester is used instead of the conventional antifouling agent, corrosion by phosphoric acid ester occurs in carbon steel and stainless steel used in general antifouling agent storage tanks and chemical equipment. There was a problem that. In particular, the corrosiveness of the phosphate ester becomes remarkable as the temperature of the phosphate ester rises. At the high point of injection, the temperature of the phosphate ester rises to approximately 200 ° C. For this reason, the conventional chemical pouring equipment can not withstand the corrosion of phosphate ester, and there is a problem that the material of the chemical pouring equipment must be changed to a corrosion resistant material.

  The present disclosure, in one aspect, provides a new method that can prevent heat exchanger fouling in petroleum processes.

  The present disclosure relates, in one aspect, to a method of preventing soiling of a heat exchanger in a petroleum process, comprising adding a phosphite compound and a dispersant to a process fluid passing through the heat exchanger. On the way.

  The present disclosure relates, in another aspect, to a stain inhibitor for use in the stain control method of the present disclosure, the stain inhibitor comprising a phosphite compound and a dispersant.

  According to the present disclosure, fouling of the heat exchanger in the petroleum process can be suppressed. According to the present disclosure, in one or more embodiments, it is possible to suppress the corrosion of the storage tank for antifouling agents and the chemical feeding equipment.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a petroleum refining apparatus provided with an atmospheric distillation column. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heating tube used in the antifouling test. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heating pipe inserted into the heating pipe holder.

  The present disclosure is based on the finding that the combined use of a phosphite compound and a dispersant can prevent soiling in a heat exchanger such as preheating of a petroleum process. In addition, the present disclosure can reduce the corrosion of chemical injection equipment that occurs when a phosphate ester-based anticorrosive agent is used as a stain inhibitor, by using a phosphite compound in place of the phosphate ester-based corrosion inhibitor. Based on the knowledge that

  According to the present disclosure, in one or more embodiments, contamination of the heat exchanger such as preheating in a petroleum process can be prevented, and preferably the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger can be improved / maintained, and fuel cost Cleaning costs can be reduced. Also, according to the present disclosure, in one or more embodiments, conventional dosing facilities can be used without changing dosing facilities to prevent fouling in the heat exchangers of petroleum processes.

  In the antifouling method of the present disclosure, the details that can prevent fouling in the heat exchanger, particularly in the preheating, are not clear, but the mechanism is presumed as follows. That is, as one of the causes of soiling, sulfur atoms of asphaltenes may be deposited to form sulfides on the surface of a heat exchanger, but when phosphorous ester compounds and dispersants are added, phosphorous It is believed that a film of acid ester compound and / or a phosphite compound decomposed at high temperature is formed on the heat exchanger surface, and this film can suppress the formation of sulfide on the heat exchanger surface. However, the present disclosure may not be limited to these ideas.

  In the present disclosure, "petroleum process" refers to all or part of the process from hydrocarbon such as crude oil as a raw material to production of various petroleum products therefrom. The petroleum process, in one or more embodiments, comprises heating hydrocarbons such as crude oil, volatile oils such as LPG and naphtha, and light oils utilizing the difference in boiling point of these heated hydrocarbons in an atmospheric distillation apparatus. And the like may at least include separation into various components. The petroleum process in the present disclosure may, in one or more embodiments, include a petroleum refining process.

In the antifouling method of the present disclosure, the "heat exchanger" is a heat exchanger used in a petroleum process. As a heat exchanger, in one or more non-limiting embodiments, a preheater (also referred to as a preheating exchanger or a preheating exchanger), a preheater, a reboiler, etc. may be mentioned. Particularly in these heat exchangers, it is the high temperature portion of about 200 ° C. or more where dirt is likely to be generated and accumulated. The soil prevention method of the present disclosure includes, in one or more embodiments, a high temperature portion which is about 200 ° C., for example, 180 ° C. or more, 190 ° C. or more, 200 ° C. or more, 210 ° C. or more, or 220 ° C. or more. It is a method for preventing heat exchanger contamination. The stain prevention method of the present disclosure more effectively exhibits a stain prevention effect at about 200 ° C. or higher in one or more embodiments.
As a heat exchanger in a petroleum process, in one or more embodiments, a heat exchanger of a petroleum refining process, a preheating of a petroleum process, etc. may be mentioned.

  In the present disclosure, "process fluid" refers to a liquid or gas provided in a petroleum process. The process fluid may, in one or more embodiments, include crude oil or hydrocarbons derived therefrom that are processed in a petroleum process. The process fluid may include, in one or more non-limiting embodiments, a liquid supplied to the preheater in the petroleum refining process, a liquid in the preheater, and the like.

  In the antifouling method of the present disclosure, "fouling" in one or more non-limiting embodiments refers to those containing asphaltenes, or soiling comprising asphaltenes that adhere and / or accumulate in a heat exchanger. Say. Thus, soiling prevention in a heat exchanger in the present disclosure is, in one or more embodiments, suppression of asphaltene adhesion and / or accumulation in the heat exchanger.

[Stain prevention method]
The present disclosure relates, in one aspect, to a method for preventing fouling of a heat exchanger in a petroleum process, comprising adding a phosphite compound and a dispersant to a process fluid passing through the heat exchanger in the petroleum process (this disclosure Anti-soiling method).

[Phosphorous ester compound]
The phosphite compounds used in the antifouling methods of the present disclosure include, in one or more embodiments, phosphite compounds used in petroleum processes.

Examples of the phosphite compound include, in one or more embodiments not particularly limited, phosphonic acid phosphite compounds, phosphite acid phosphite compounds, and diphosphite phosphite compounds, etc. . Examples of phosphonic acid type phosphite compounds include phosphite compounds represented by formula (I). Examples of phosphorous acid type phosphite compounds include phosphite compounds represented by the formula (II). Examples of the diphosphite phosphite compound include, in one or more embodiments, those containing two structures of formula (II) or dimers (dimers) of compounds of formula (II). Examples of the diphosphite phosphite compound include, in one or more embodiments, a compound represented by Formula (III) or (IV).

In formula (I), R ¹ and R ² are the same or different and are groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. In formula (II), R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are the same or different and each is a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. In formula (III), R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are the same or different and each is a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X ¹ is an oxygen atom or a carbon atom. In formula (IV), R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are the same or different and each is a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X ² is a carbon atom.
As a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, in one or more embodiments, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms And an aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkylaryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms. The alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group and the alkylaryl group may have a substituent in one or more embodiments. The alkyl group may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group in one or more embodiments.

In formula (I), R ¹ and R ² may be identical or different, but preferably R ¹ and R ² are identical. In formula (II), R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be identical or different, but it is preferable that R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are identical. In formula (III), R ⁶ and R ⁸ may be identical or different, but it is preferable that R ⁶ and R ⁸ are identical.

As the phosphite compound, in one or more embodiments,
Triphenyl phosphite, tris nonyl phenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, tris (tridecyl) phosphite, trioleyl phosphite Phyto, tristearyl phosphite, diphenyl mono (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, diphenyl monodecyl phosphite, diphenyl mono (tridecyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite;
Diethyl hydrogen phosphite, bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, diphenyl hydrogen phosphite;
Tetraphenyldipropylene glycol diphosphite, tetra (C12-15 alkyl) -4,4'-isopropylidene diphenyl diphosphite, bis (tridecyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite and bis (nonylphenyl) pentaerythryl diphosphite Mixtures with: bis (tridecyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (decyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite;
Tetraphenyl (tetratridecyl) pentaerythritol tetraphosphite, hydrogenated bisphenol A.pentaerythritol phosphite polymer, or a combination of these may be mentioned.

  As a phosphite compound, in one or more embodiments, triphenyl phosphite, tris from the viewpoint of further preventing soiling of the heat exchanger in the petroleum process and / or further suppressing corrosion of the storage tank and the pouring equipment. Nonylphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, tris (tridecyl) phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, tristearyl phosphite , Diphenyl mono (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, diphenyl monodecyl phosphite, diphenyl mono (tridecyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diethyl hydrogen phosphite Ito, bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, diphenyl hydrogen phosphite or a combination thereof are preferred. From the same viewpoint, as the phosphite compound, phosphonic acid phosphite compounds are preferable, and diethyl hydrogen phosphite, bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite More preferred is diphenyl hydrogen phosphite or a combination thereof.

  The phosphite compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more in one or more embodiments.

  The concentration of the phosphite compound in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger may, in one or more embodiments, be 1 to 100 ppm, 2 to 80 ppm, or 3 to 50 ppm. The soil prevention method of the present disclosure, in one or more embodiments, causes the concentration of phosphite ester in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger to be 1 to 100 ppm, 2 to 80 ppm, or 3 to 50 ppm, Including adding a phosphorous ester to the process fluid.

[Dispersing agent]
Dispersants that may be used in the antifouling methods of the present disclosure include those conventionally or subsequently used as antifouling for petroleum processes or heat exchangers in petroleum processes. Dispersants that may be used in the antifouling methods of the present disclosure include, in one or more non-limiting embodiments, polyolefin esters, polyalkenyl substituted succinic esters, or combinations thereof, and the like.

  The concentration of the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger may, in one or more embodiments, be 1 to 100 ppm, 2 to 80 ppm, or 3 to 50 ppm. The soil prevention method of the present disclosure, in one or more embodiments, is dispersed in the process fluid such that the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 1 to 100 ppm, 2 to 80 ppm, or 3 to 50 ppm. Including adding an agent.

  The ratio of the content (ppm) of the phosphite compound to the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is, in one or more embodiments, 5: 1 to 1: 5, 3: 1 to 1 : 3, or 2: 1 to 1: 2 can be mentioned. The contamination prevention method of the present disclosure is characterized in that, in one or more embodiments, the ratio of the content (ppm) of the phosphite compound to the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 5: 1 to 1: Including adding the phosphite compound and the dispersant to the process fluid to be 5, 3: 1 to 1: 3, or 2: 1 to 1: 2.

  There is no particular limitation on where to add the phosphite compound and the dispersant to the process fluid, and in one or more embodiments, the above-mentioned concentrations of the phosphite compound and the dispersant cause the heat exchange to be prevented from being soiled. Locations that may be introduced into the vessel, or in front of the heat exchangers of interest. The order of addition of the phosphite compound and the dispersant is not particularly limited, and in one or more embodiments, it may be added simultaneously, may be added separately, or may be added at different places.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a petroleum refining apparatus provided with an atmospheric distillation column. In this petroleum refinery, the crude oil supplied via the pump 6 is desalted by the demineralizer 1 and then heated to 150 to 180 ° C. by the preheating unit 2 (heat exchanger 2), and the preheating unit is further preheated 3 (heat exchanger 3), heated to 240 to 280 ° C., heated to 350 to 380 ° C. by the heating furnace 4, and introduced into the atmospheric distillation column 5. The bottoms from the bottom of the atmospheric distillation column 5 is sent via the pump 7 to the heat exchangers 3 and 2 as a heat source.

  When the stain preventing method of the present disclosure is performed in the heat exchanger 3 of the petroleum process of FIG. 1, the addition site of the phosphite compound and the dispersing agent is not limited to one or more embodiments of the heat exchanger 3. Although the place shown by the arrow A of FIG. 1 which is the front is mentioned, the place shown by the arrow C further ahead may be sufficient. In the heat exchanger 3 of FIG. 1, when the method for preventing soiling of the present disclosure is performed on the heating side, the heat exchanger 3 is not limited as the addition site of the phosphite compound and the dispersing agent in one or more embodiments. The place shown by the arrow B of FIG.

[Antifouling agent]
The present disclosure, in one aspect, relates to a stain inhibitor for use in the stain prevention method of the present disclosure, the stain inhibitor comprising a phosphite and a dispersant. In one or more embodiments, the form of the anti-stain agent of this aspect may be a solid such as a powder, a tablet or the like, or may be in a solvent-dissolved state, ie, in the form of a concentrate.

[use]
The present disclosure, in one aspect, relates to the use of a phosphite compound in the antifouling method of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also relates, in another aspect, to the use of a phosphite compound to prevent fouling of a heat exchanger of a petroleum process through which a dispersant-added process fluid passes. The phosphite compounds are as described above.

The present disclosure may relate to one or more of the following embodiments;
[1] A method for preventing heat exchanger fouling in petroleum processing, comprising:
A method for preventing soiling, comprising adding a phosphite compound and a dispersant to a process fluid passing through the heat exchanger.
[2] The method according to [1], which comprises adding the phosphite compound to the process fluid such that the concentration of the phosphite compound in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 1 to 100 ppm. How to prevent dirt.
[3] The method according to [1] or [2], which comprises adding the dispersant to the process fluid such that the concentration of the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 1 to 100 ppm. How to prevent dirt.
[4] The ratio of the content (ppm) of the phosphite compound to the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger (phosphite compound: dispersant) is 5: 1 to 1: 5 The method for preventing soiling according to any of [1] to [3], which comprises adding the phosphite compound and the dispersing agent to the process fluid so as to become.
[5] The contamination preventing method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the contamination prevention includes suppressing adhesion and / or accumulation of asphaltenes in a heat exchanger.
[6] An antifouling agent for use in the antifouling method according to any one of [1] to [5], which contains a phosphite compound and a dispersant.
[7] Use of a phosphite compound for preventing contamination of a heat exchanger of a petroleum process through which a process fluid to which a dispersant is added passes.

  The present disclosure will be described based on the following examples and comparative examples, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[Test piece]
The following two types of test pieces were prepared.
Carbon steel: 10 mm × 60 mm × 1 mm, SPCC, 7.85 g / cm ³
Stainless steel: 10 mm × 60 mm × 1 mm, SUS304, 7.93 g / cm ³

[Drug]
The following drugs were prepared.
Phosphite ester blended product A: Phosphite ester A (phosphorous acid type phosphite compound) and dispersing agent Phosphite ester blended product B: Phosphoric acid ester B (phosphonic acid type phosphorous) A phosphite blend product C containing an acid ester compound) and a dispersing agent C: a phosphite ester C (a phosphite type phosphite compound) and a dispersant phosphite ester blend product D: a phosphorous acid Phosphoric acid ester compounded product E containing phosphoric acid ester D (phosphorous acid type phosphorous acid ester compound) and dispersant E: Phosphoric acid ester A (phosphonic acid type phosphorous acid compound) and phosphorous acid Phosphoric acid ester compounded product containing ester C (phosphorous acid type phosphite compound) and dispersant: Phosphate ester A used as high temperature corrosion inhibitor and dispersant phosphoric acid Ester B, and phosphite C and phosphite D are different phosphite compound. As a dispersant, a polyolefin ester was used.
<Method of preparing compound>
Each of the preparations A to D is adjusted to 30% by weight of the above phosphite or phosphate ester and dispersant in a ratio of 1: 1 (weight ratio) using heavy aromatic naphtha as a solvent did. The phosphite ester blend product E was adjusted so that the equal amount mixture of phosphite ester A and phosphite ester C and the dispersant became 30% by weight at a ratio of 1: 1 (weight ratio).

[Corrosion effect confirmation test 1]
Using a carbon steel test piece, an anticorrosion effect confirmation test was conducted in the following procedure. First, 100 ml of the drug in Table 1 below was placed in a 100 ml screw tube. After performing acetone degreasing and drying, the test piece whose weight was measured was put in a screw pipe, covered, and left to stand in a thermostat at 50 ° C. for 7 days.

[Evaluation]
After the test is completed, the test piece is collected, red rust is removed with 15% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and tap water, and the corrosion degree (MDD) and the erosion degree (mm / y) are calculated from the following equation Calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Corrosion degree (MDD) = (M ₁ −M ₂ ) / (S × T)
Erosion degree (mm / y) = MDD × {365 × 10 ⁻⁴ } / d
M ₁ : Weight of test piece before test (mg)
M ₂ : Mass after test of test piece (mg)
S: Surface area of test piece (dm ² )
T: Test days d: Density of test piece (g / cm ³ )

  As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1 in which the phosphate ester compounded product was used, corrosion of carbon steel occurred. On the other hand, corrosion of carbon steel was not confirmed in any of Examples 1 to 5 using the phosphite ester compounded product.

[Corrosion effect confirmation test 2]
Using a stainless steel test piece, an anticorrosion effect confirmation test was conducted in the following procedure.
In order to conduct the test at 150 ° C., the oxidation stability tester and cylinder set and test container set described in JIS K 2276 (Petroleum products-aviation fuel oil test method) oxidation stability test method were used. First, 100 ml of the following drug was placed in a test container made of glass. After acetone degreasing and drying, the preweighed test piece was placed in the test vessel and covered, then placed in a bomb and then nitrogen was injected at 0.5 MPa to replace oxygen in the bomb with nitrogen. The opening operation was repeated three times, and the third time was sealed in a state where nitrogen was injected. The cylinder after nitrogen substitution was put into the oxidation stability tester, and left in a thermostat at 150 ° C. for 3 days. After completion of the test, the same evaluation as in the anticorrosion effect confirmation test 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

  As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Example 2 using the phosphate ester compounded product, corrosion of stainless steel occurred. On the other hand, in each of Examples 6 to 10 using the phosphite ester compound, no corrosion of the stainless steel was confirmed.

[Staining (fouling) prevention test]
The stain (fouling) prevention test is a test for examining the stain prevention effect of the petroleum refining stain inhibitor, and the heating pipe (heat rod) 21 shown in FIG. 2 is used as a test member for depositing the stain. , And the heating tube is brought into contact with the oil to measure the adhesion state of the contamination. The heating tube 21 is used in a thermal stability tester defined in JIS K 2276, and is made of mild steel, the end portions 21a and 21b having a large diameter, and the intermediate portion 21c having a small diameter, which is constricted. It has a tubular shape. The heating tube 21 is inserted into a heating tube holder 22 having a tubular shape shown in FIG. An inlet pipe 23a and an outlet pipe 23b are connected to the upper and lower portions of the heating tube holder 22, and a thermocouple 24 is inserted in the central portion of the heating tube 21. The temperature controller (not shown) It is possible to cause current to flow from both parts 21 a and 21 b of the heating tube 21 so that the temperature sensed by the pair 24 becomes a predetermined temperature. As a test apparatus, a HotLiquidProcessSimurator tester manufactured by Alcor and equipped with the above-mentioned heating tube 21 was used.

The test was conducted by heating the heating tube 21 with the above-mentioned test apparatus under the following conditions, and introducing a sample from the inflow tube 23a.
Sample: The agents shown in Table 3 below were added to a crude oil sample such that the concentration of the dispersant and the phosphite compound or phosphate was 10 ppm.
Temperature of heating tube 21: 360 ° C. (ramp up to 360 ° C. over 20 minutes)
Tank, line and pump temperature: 100 ° C
Sample volume: 500 ml (Do not mix the returned sample because it is partitioned in the tank) Sample introduction flow rate: 1 ml / min System internal pressure: 500 psi (pressure adjustment with nitrogen)
Test time: 5 hours

The antifouling effect was evaluated based on the change in outlet temperature (Δt) of the sample according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
[Sample outlet temperature change: Δt]
The sample temperature of the maximum temperature after the start of the test in the outflow pipe 23 b (heating unit outlet) and the temperature change (Δt) of the sample temperature after 5 hours were measured. As dirt adheres to the heating tube 21, Δt increases.
Evaluation criteria A: Δt less than 8
B: Δt is 8 or more and less than 15
C: Δt is 15 or more

  As shown in Table 3, Examples 11 and 12 using the phosphite ester compound were able to suppress the adhesion of dirt at a level equivalent to that of Reference Example 1 using the phosphate ester compound. That is, it has been confirmed that the fouling of the heat exchanger in the petroleum process can be sufficiently prevented by using the phosphite and the dispersing agent in combination.

Claims (7)

A method of preventing fouling of a heat exchanger in an oil process, comprising:
A method for preventing soiling, comprising adding a phosphite compound and a dispersant to a process fluid passing through the heat exchanger.   The antifouling according to claim 1, comprising adding the phosphite compound to the process fluid such that the concentration of the phosphite compound in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 1 to 100 ppm. Method.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising adding the dispersant to the process fluid such that the concentration of the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 1 to 100 ppm.   The phosphite compound and the phosphite compound such that the ratio of the content (ppm) of the phosphite compound to the dispersant in the process fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is 5: 1 to 1: 5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising adding a dispersant to the process fluid.   5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the soiling control comprises suppressing adhesion and / or accumulation of asphaltenes in a heat exchanger.   An antifouling agent for use in the antifouling method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the antifouling agent contains a phosphite compound and a dispersant.   Use of a phosphite compound to prevent contamination of a heat exchanger of a petroleum process through which a process fluid to which a dispersant is added passes.

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