JPWO2013191159A1 - Mineral rich mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a culture substrate additive for cultivating mushrooms comprising a compound having (1) a sugar moiety, (2) an acid moiety and (3) a mineral moiety.

Description

  The present invention relates to a culture substrate additive for cultivating mushrooms, a culture substrate for cultivating mushrooms, a method for producing a mushroom with enhanced minerals, a mineral-rich mushroom or a processed product thereof.

  Although efforts have been made to accumulate minerals in mushrooms, the absorption efficiency is poor and the level of practical use has not been reached. In order to accumulate minerals in mushrooms, Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 attempt to increase the mineral content of mushrooms by a method such as adding a calcium compound to the culture substrate.

  In Patent Document 1, calcium sulfate and calcium hydrogen phosphate are added to the culture substrate. However, the addition concentration is as high as about 9%, and there are problems such as mushroom malformation and growth delay.

  Patent Document 2 uses shell fossils as a calcium source, but the increase in calcium content in mushrooms is slight.

  In Patent Document 3, shellfish fossil powder is added to the culture substrate. However, as shown in the examples of this specification, the addition of shellfish fossil powder cannot sufficiently increase the calcium content.

  Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 use inorganic calcium salts such as calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and calcium chloride, but such inorganic calcium salts do not lead to an increase in the calcium content in mushrooms or have a content of Even if the number increases, malformations occur in the mushrooms, which are practically unusable.

  When the chaff powder described in Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4 is used, the increase in calcium content is slight.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2-119720 JP2005-73603 Patent No. 3263689

Journal of Food Science Vol.68, No.1, p76-79 (2003) Journal of Japanese Society of Food Life Vol.10, No.2, p27-29 (1999) Ishikawa Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Report No. 7, 14 (2005) Tokushima Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center Forestry and Forestry Research Institute No.3, p11-14 (2004)

  An object of this invention is to provide a mineral rich mushroom and its manufacturing method.

The present invention provides the following culture substrate additive for cultivating mushrooms, culture substrate for cultivating mushrooms, method for producing mushrooms, and mineral-rich mushrooms.
Item 1. A culture substrate additive for cultivation of mushrooms comprising a compound having (1) a sugar moiety, (2) an acid moiety and (3) a mineral moiety.
Item 2. A mushroom comprising (1) a sugar moiety, (2) an acid moiety, and (3) a compound having a mineral moiety, wherein the mineral moiety contains at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions and zinc ions. Culture substrate additive for cultivation.
Item 3. The culture base additive for mushroom cultivation according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the acid part includes a salt with a mineral part and a sodium salt and / or a potassium salt of the acid part.
Item 4. Glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) salt, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) salt, phosphorylated oligosaccharide (POs) salt, phosphorylated dextrin (PDX) salt, phosphorylated pullulan salt, gluconate, citric acid A culture substrate additive for cultivating mushrooms, selected from the group consisting of dextrin (CDX) salts and lactobionate salts, wherein the salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts and zinc salts .
Item 5. Glucose-1-calcium phosphate (G1P-Ca), glucose-6-calcium phosphate (G6P-Ca), phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium (POs-Ca), phosphorylated dextrin calcium (PDX-Ca), phosphorylated pullulan, calcium gluconate Item 5. The additive according to Item 4, which is calcium dextrin citrate (CDX-Ca) or calcium lactobionate.
Item 6. The culture base material for mushroom cultivation containing the additive in any one of claim | item 1 -5.
Item 7. Glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) salt, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) salt, phosphorylated oligosaccharide (POs) salt, phosphorylated dextrin (PDX) salt, phosphorylated pullulan salt, gluconate, citric acid Item 7. The culture substrate according to Item 6, wherein the concentration of at least one selected from the group consisting of dextrin (CDX) salt and lactobionate is 0.01% by weight or more.
Item 8. Item 8. A method for producing a mushroom with enhanced minerals, comprising cultivating a mushroom using the culture substrate according to Item 6 or 7.
Item 9. Mineral-rich mushrooms, wherein the content of at least one mineral selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc exceeds the mineral content of the mushrooms listed in the 5th edition supplemented Japanese food standard ingredient table, or The processed product.
Item 10. Item 8. The additive according to any one of Items 1 to 5, the culture substrate according to any one of Items 6 to 7, wherein the mushroom is selected from the group consisting of nameko, beech shimeji, shiitake, enoki mushroom, eringi, maitake, and yamabushitake Item 10. A method for producing a mushroom according to Item 8, a mushroom according to any one of Items 8 to 9, or a processed product thereof.

  According to the present invention, a mushroom with an enhanced mineral content can be obtained. All the mushrooms obtained by the present invention were normal. The normal body as referred to in the present invention refers to a state without malformation. When a large amount of a mineral such as an inorganic mineral salt is added to a culture substrate, not only the mineral content of the mushroom is hardly increased, but also malformation occurs in the mushroom, resulting in a decrease in commercial value and a decrease in yield.

  Furthermore, the mushroom according to the present invention also improves the taste quality.

  As a culture base material additive for cultivating mushrooms for increasing the mineral content of mushrooms, an additive having three parts (1) sugar part, (2) acid part and (3) mineral part can be used. (1) As the sugar moiety, monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, disaccharides including at least one of these monosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, etc.), oligosaccharides or polysaccharides (eg starch, Dextrin, pullulan). (2) Examples of the acid moiety include carboxylic acid (COOH), phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid covalently bonded to the sugar skeleton. In the sugar moiety and the acid moiety, the carbon atom of the sugar skeleton and the atom of the acid moiety (COH of COOH, P of phosphoric acid, S of sulfonic acid) may be covalently linked. May be bonded to the carbon atom of the sugar skeleton by an ester bond. Examples of the compound in which the sugar moiety and the acid moiety are integrated include gluconic acid, lactobionic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and mannuronic acid. Examples of the compound in which the sugar moiety and the acid moiety are ester-linked include glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, phosphorylated oligosaccharide, phosphorylated dextrin, phosphorylated pullulan, citric acid oligosaccharide, citrate dextrin, glucone Examples thereof include acid oligosaccharides and dextrin gluconate, and glucose-1-phosphate, phosphorylated oligosaccharide, phosphorylated dextrin and citrate dextrin are preferred. The oligosaccharide referred to here is a combination of 2 to 8 monosaccharides, and the dextrin has 9 or more monosaccharides and a molecular weight of up to 1,000,000. Preferably, the phosphorylated oligosaccharide is POs-Ca manufactured by Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., and the dextrin is an electrodialyzer obtained by dehydrating and condensing TK16 (average molecular weight 1,000) manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and an organic acid by a dry roasting method. Or a material in which minerals are bound with an ion exchange resin is used. The binding frequency of the acid moiety to the sugar moiety is 1 per 1-20 monosaccharides, preferably 1 per 3-9 monosaccharides.

  The mineral part includes at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium ion, magnesium ion, iron ion, zinc ion, copper ion, vanadium ion, manganese ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, aluminum ion, selenium ion and molybdenum ion. Preferably, at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions and zinc ions can be mentioned. These ions form a salt with the acid moiety.

  Specifically, glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) salt, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) salt, phosphorylated oligosaccharide (POs) salt, phosphorylated dextrin (PDX) salt, phosphorylated pullulan salt, glucone Selected from the group consisting of acid salts, dextrin citrate (CDX) salts and lactobionate salts, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts and zinc salts is preferably used as an additive it can. The additive of the present invention may be a single salt in the mineral part, a composite salt containing two or more minerals, or a mixture of two or more additives. .

Preferred additives of the present invention are shown below:
・ Glucose-1-calcium phosphate (G1P-Ca)
・ Glucose-1-magnesium phosphate (G1P-Mg)
・ Glucose-1-Zinc Phosphate (G1P-Zn)
・ Glucose-1-iron phosphate (G1P-Fe)
・ Glucose-6-calcium phosphate (G6P-Ca)
・ Glucose-6-magnesium phosphate (G6P-Mg)
・ Glucose-6-zinc phosphate (G6P-Zn)
・ Glucose-6-iron phosphate (G6P-Fe)
・ Phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium (POs-Ca)
・ Phosphorylated oligosaccharide magnesium (POs-Mg)
・ Phosphorylated oligosaccharide iron (POs-Fe)
・ Phosphorylated oligosaccharide zinc (POs-Zn)
・ Phosphorylated dextrin calcium (PDX-Ca)
・ Phosphorus dextrin magnesium (PDX-Mg)
・ Phosphorylated dextrin iron (PDX-Fe)
・ Zinc phosphorylated dextrin (PDX-Zn)
・ Calcium gluconate ・ Magnesium gluconate ・ Iron gluconate ・ Zinc gluconate ・ Calcium dextrin calcium (CDX-Ca)
・ Dextrin magnesium citrate (CDX-Mg)
・ Dextrin iron citrate (CDX-Fe)
・ Dextrin zinc citrate (CDX-Zn)
・ Calcium lactobionate ・ Magnesium lactobionate ・ Iron lactobionate ・ Zinc lactobionate ・ Pulluran calcium phosphate ・ Pulluran magnesium phosphate ・ Pulluran iron phosphate ・ Pulluran zinc phosphate

  In the additive of the present invention, the sugar moiety is bonded to the acid moiety by an ester bond, or the sugar and the acid are integrated like gluconic acid, so conventionally used calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, etc. Unlike the salt of mineral and organic acid or inorganic acid, the presence of the sugar moiety does not adversely affect the growth of mushrooms and can significantly improve the mineral content of mushrooms.

  Furthermore, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the taste due to promotion of growth of mushrooms, increase in yield, extension of the shelf life of mushrooms after harvesting, processing of mushroom retort and canning, bottling, salting, dry matter and the like.

  The culture substrate of the present invention is obtained by adding the above additives to a normal culture substrate for mushrooms (including a liquid medium). The components of the normal culture substrate are not particularly limited, and examples include sawdust, chips, straw, bran, rice bran, corn powder, beans, okara and the like.

  The compounding ratio of the additive of the present invention in the culture substrate is 0.01% by weight or more, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight.

  Mushrooms can be produced using a culture substrate containing the additive of the present invention. Specifically, mushrooms can be harvested by inoculating mushroom species in a container containing the sterilized culture substrate of the present invention and culturing at 5 to 25 ° C. for 20 to 120 days.

  The mushrooms obtained by the present invention are richer in mineral content than conventional mushrooms. The mineral content of conventional mushrooms is described in the 5th edition supplemented Japanese food standard component table, and specifically described in Table 1 below.

  The mineral-rich mushroom of the present invention is 1.1 times or more, 2 times or more, 3 times or more, 5 times or more, 10 times or more, 15 times the components described in the five-fix supplement Japanese food standard ingredient table of Table 1 above. Above, 20 times or more, 30 times or more, 40 times or more, 50 times or more, 60 times or more, 70 times or more, 80 times or more, 100 times or more, 150 times or more, 200 times or more. The mineral content can be appropriately changed according to the amount of medium base added.

  The mineral-rich mushroom of the present invention is not only rich in minerals, but also rich in vitamin D, so it has a high absorption rate into the living body and is more preferable as a mineral source.

The preferable content of each mineral is as follows.
Ca: 1.1 to 200 times, preferably 3 to 80 times,
Mg: 1.1 to 200 times, preferably 2 to 80 times,
Fe: 1.1 to 200 times, preferably 2 to 80 times,
Zn: 1.1 to 200 times, preferably 2 to 80 times.

  Furthermore, the supplement for a suitable calcium supply can be created by drying and powdering the mineral and vitamin D-rich mushroom. Although the powder may be used as it is, processing such as encapsulation, tableting, and chewable processing may be performed. In addition, by powdering, foods such as curry, stew, rice cake, rice balls, ramen, sprinkles, tea sauce, wiener, sausage, chocolate, snacks, biscuits, candy, gum and other sweets, ice cream, yogurt, pudding, It can also be used in combination with jelly.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples.
Example 1 Oyster mushroom cultivation test using various calcium agents 1) Material calcium agent, glucose-1-calcium phosphate (G1P-Ca)
・ Phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium (POs-Ca)
・ Phosphorylated dextrin calcium (PDX-Ca)
・ Dextrin calcium citrate (CDX-Ca)
・ Calcium monohydrogen phosphate ・ Calcium citrate ・ Calcium carbonate medium base material (20 g / medium)
・ Bunaogakuz 5.5 g
・ Wheat bran 1.5 g
・ Water 13.0 g (water content 65%)
2) Calcium accumulation effect on oyster mushroom fruit body (Method) Add calcium agent described in 1) to oyster mushroom cultivation medium so that the amount of calcium per 1 medium (20 g) is 17.5 mg and generate oyster mushroom fruit body I let you. In addition to 17.5 mg of glucose-1-calcium phosphate, a test group was added in which 1, 3, 5, or 10 mg was added. After drying the obtained fruit body, the amount of calcium contained in the fruit body was measured by ICP-MS.
(Results) Most calcium was accumulated in fruit bodies obtained from a medium supplemented with 17.5 mg of glucose-1-calcium phosphate as the amount of calcium, and the amount was 5906 μg per 1 g of dried fruit body powder. This was 87 times that of the additive-free group (68 μg). In the test group to which glucose-1-calcium phosphate was added, calcium was accumulated in the fruit body in a concentration-dependent manner (1 mg test group: 181 μg, 2.7 times, 3 mg test group: 657 μg, 9.7 times, 5 mg test group) : 2077 μg, 30.7 times, 10 mg test group: 5077 μg, 74.9 times). In the test group to which phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium was added, the amount was 350 μg per 1 g of the dried fruit body powder, which was 5.2 times that in the non-added group. Furthermore, in the test group to which phosphorylated dextrin calcium was added, the amount was 166 μg per 1 g of the dried fruit body powder, which was 2.5 times that in the non-added group. In the test group where dextrin calcium citrate, in which citric acid was ester-bonded to dextrin instead of phosphoric acid, was added, the amount was 246 μg per 1 g of dried fruit body powder, which was 3.6 times that in the non-added group. . On the other hand, calcium monohydrogen phosphate and calcium citrate, which are not bound to sugar, and calcium carbonate, which has many examples of research, showed little accumulation of calcium in the fruiting body. From the above results, when a calcium agent in which calcium is coordinated with acidic sugar is added to the oyster mushroom cultivation medium, the yield of oyster mushroom fruit bodies can be increased, and calcium can be accumulated efficiently, and high calcium content oyster mushroom. It became clear that can be made. In addition, all the fruiting bodies obtained were normal individuals, and no malformations were observed.

Example 2 Enokitake Cultivation Test Using Phosphorylated Oligosaccharide Calcium 1) Material Calcium Agent / Phosphorylated Oligosaccharide Calcium (POs-Ca)
-Medium substrate (350 g / medium)
・ Bunaogakuzu: wheat bran = 5: 1 (volume ratio)
・ Water (adjusted so that the water content is 65%)
2) Calcium accumulation effect on enokitake mushroom fruit body (Method) The calcium agent described in 1) was added to oyster mushroom cultivation medium to 11.8 g per medium (350 g) to generate enokitake mushroom fruit bodies. After drying the obtained fruit body, the amount of calcium contained in the fruit body was measured by ICP-MS.
(Results) The amount of calcium contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from the additive-free section was 58 μg, whereas that contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from the medium supplemented with POs-Ca. The amount of calcium produced was 237 μg, which was 4.1 times that of the additive-free group. Thus, the accumulation effect of calcium was recognized also in the enokitake mushroom (Asteraceae) different from the oyster mushroom (Agaricaceae). In addition, all the fruiting bodies obtained were normal individuals, and no malformations were observed.

Example 3 Oyster mushroom cultivation test using iron dextrin citrate 1) Iron agent, dextrin iron citrate (CDX-Fe)
・ Iron citrate (III)
-Ferrous sulfate-Medium base material (20 g / medium)
・ Bunaogakuz 5.5 g
・ Wheat bran 1.5 g
・ Water 13.0 g (water content 65%)
2) Iron accumulation effect on oyster mushroom fruit body (Method) Add each iron agent described in 1) to oyster mushroom cultivation medium so that the amount of iron per 1 medium (20 g) is 19.3 mg, and oyster mushroom fruit body is generated. I let you. After drying the obtained fruit body, the amount of iron contained in the fruit body was measured by ICP-MS.
(Result) The amount of iron contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from the additive-free section was 68 μg, whereas that contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from the medium supplemented with CDX-Fe. The amount of iron produced was 149 μg, which was 2.2 times that of the additive-free group. The amount of iron contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from a medium supplemented with iron (III) citrate was 73 μg, which was 1.1 times as the non-added group. Also in ferrous sulfate, the amount of iron contained in 1 g of dried fruit body powder obtained from the culture medium was 70 μg, which was 1.0 times as the additive-free group. Thus, the accumulation effect was recognized also in iron which is a metal other than calcium. In addition, all the fruiting bodies obtained were normal individuals, and no malformations were observed.

Example 4 Sensory evaluation of oyster mushrooms obtained from phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium-added medium (Method) Oyster mushroom fruit bodies (c) obtained from a medium supplemented with 10% phosphorylated sugar calcium (POs-Ca) and non-added medium The fruit bodies (e) obtained from the above were baked in foil (sealed only with salt) and subjected to sensory evaluation (single-blind method).
Q1: Which is delicious, comparing Ha and Ho?
(Ha is delicious) 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 (Ho is delicious)
Question 2: Which is the better texture compared to Ha and Ho?
(Cha is better) 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 (E is better)
(Results) From the average score of four skilled sensory evaluators, fruit bodies obtained from a medium supplemented with POs-Ca were evaluated to have better taste and texture.

  Specifically, the oyster mushroom (c) of the present invention was highly evaluated in terms of texture evaluation items such as being crunchy and having a crisp texture.

Claims (10)

A culture substrate additive for cultivation of mushrooms comprising a compound having (1) a sugar moiety, (2) an acid moiety and (3) a mineral moiety. A mushroom comprising (1) a sugar moiety, (2) an acid moiety, and (3) a compound having a mineral moiety, wherein the mineral moiety contains at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions and zinc ions. Culture substrate additive for cultivation. The culture base additive for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acid part includes a salt with a mineral part and a sodium salt and / or a potassium salt of the acid part. Glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) salt, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) salt, phosphorylated oligosaccharide (POs) salt, phosphorylated dextrin (PDX) salt, phosphorylated pullulan salt, gluconate, citric acid A culture substrate additive for cultivating mushrooms, selected from the group consisting of dextrin (CDX) salts and lactobionate salts, wherein the salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts and zinc salts . Glucose-1-calcium phosphate (G1P-Ca), glucose-6-calcium phosphate (G6P-Ca), phosphorylated oligosaccharide calcium (POs-Ca), phosphorylated dextrin calcium (PDX-Ca), phosphorylated pullulan, calcium gluconate The additive according to claim 4, which is calcium dextrin citrate (CDX-Ca) or calcium lactobionate. The culture base material for mushroom cultivation containing the additive in any one of Claims 1-5. Glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) salt, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) salt, phosphorylated oligosaccharide (POs) salt, phosphorylated dextrin (PDX) salt, phosphorylated pullulan salt, gluconate, citric acid The culture substrate according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of at least one selected from the group consisting of dextrin (CDX) salt and lactobionate is 0.01 wt% or more. A method for producing a mushroom with enhanced minerals, comprising cultivating a mushroom using the culture substrate according to claim 6 or 7. Mineral-rich mushrooms, wherein the content of at least one mineral selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc exceeds the mineral content of the mushrooms listed in the 5th edition supplemented Japanese food standard ingredient table, or The processed product. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the culture substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the mushroom is selected from the group consisting of sea cucumber, beech shimeji, shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, eringi, maitake, and yamabushitake. The method for producing a mushroom according to claim 8, the mushroom according to any one of claims 8 to 9, or a processed product thereof.