JPWO2013168320A1 - Storage battery management device, storage battery management method, and storage medium storing program - Google Patents

Storage battery management device, storage battery management method, and storage medium storing program Download PDF

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JPWO2013168320A1
JPWO2013168320A1 JP2014514353A JP2014514353A JPWO2013168320A1 JP WO2013168320 A1 JPWO2013168320 A1 JP WO2013168320A1 JP 2014514353 A JP2014514353 A JP 2014514353A JP 2014514353 A JP2014514353 A JP 2014514353A JP WO2013168320 A1 JPWO2013168320 A1 JP WO2013168320A1
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storage battery
power
cost
life
profit
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JP6021027B2 (en
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田村　秀樹
秀樹 田村
中原　雅之
雅之 中原
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

蓄電池の交換費用を考慮した適切なタイミングで蓄電池の寿命を報知する。蓄電池ユニットの初期状態における満充電容量は、所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められている。蓄電池管理装置は、寿命判定部と出力部とを備える。寿命判定部に設けられた条件判定部は、蓄電池ユニットが導入されてから買電の電力を監視する電力センサが買電の発生を検出するまでの日数Ｄｂで、蓄電池ユニットの交換費用を除した値を、蓄電池ユニットの１日当たりの交換費用Ｖ６として算出する。さらに、条件判定部は、電力センサが買電の発生を検出した後の累積費用Ｖ４が、Ｖ６?Ｄｂに達した時点を蓄電池ユニットの寿命と判定する。出力部は、条件判定部が蓄電池ユニットの寿命と判断すると報知信号を出力する。The life of the storage battery is notified at an appropriate timing considering the replacement cost of the storage battery. The full charge capacity in the initial state of the storage battery unit is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone. The storage battery management device includes a life determination unit and an output unit. The condition determination unit provided in the life determination unit excludes the replacement cost of the storage battery unit by the number of days Db from when the storage battery unit is introduced until the power sensor that monitors the purchased power detects the occurrence of power purchase. The value is calculated as the replacement cost V6 per day for the storage battery unit. Furthermore, the condition determination unit determines that the accumulated battery charge V4 after the power sensor detects occurrence of power purchase reaches V6? Db as the life of the storage battery unit. The output unit outputs a notification signal when the condition determination unit determines that the life of the storage battery unit is reached.

Description

本発明は、蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置、蓄電池管理方法、プログラムを記憶した記憶媒体に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a storage battery management device that manages the life of a storage battery, a storage battery management method, and a storage medium that stores a program.

従来から、蓄電池の劣化状態を判定して交換時期を報知する技術が提案されている（たとえば、日本国特許公開６−２０７２５号公報の段落［００１５］［００１６］参照）。上記文献には、蓄電池（二次電池）の充電回数を記憶し、充電回数により寿命（残りの充電可能回数）を評価する技術が記載されている。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technique for determining a deterioration state of a storage battery and notifying the replacement time has been proposed (see, for example, paragraphs [0015] and [0016] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-20725). The above document describes a technique for storing the number of times of charging of a storage battery (secondary battery) and evaluating the life (the remaining number of times of charging) based on the number of times of charging.

上記文献に記載された技術は、蓄電池の交換時期を充電回数によって判定しているだけであって、蓄電池の交換に伴う費用については考慮されていない。上記文献に記載された技術は、ビデオカメラのバッテリのような小容量の安価な蓄電池には適用可能であるが、大容量の蓄電池は、導入費用も大きいから、費用を勘案しなければ、交換を促すことはできない。   The technology described in the above document only determines the replacement time of the storage battery based on the number of times of charging, and does not consider the cost associated with the replacement of the storage battery. The technology described in the above document can be applied to low-capacity storage batteries such as video camera batteries, but large-capacity storage batteries are expensive to install. I can't encourage you.

たとえば、商用電源の供給能力の余裕度が大きい夜間に蓄電池を充電し、商用電源の供給電力の余裕度が小さい昼間に蓄電池から放電することによって、電力需要を平準化する目的では、現状では２００万円程度の価格の蓄電池が必要になる。また、夜間には発電することのできない太陽光発電装置と組み合わせて用いる蓄電池も同程度の価格になる。   For example, for the purpose of leveling the power demand by charging a storage battery at night when the margin of commercial power supply capacity is large and discharging from the storage battery during the day when the margin of commercial power supply power is small, the current situation is 200 A storage battery of about 10,000 yen is required. Moreover, the storage battery used in combination with a solar power generation device that cannot generate electricity at night also has a similar price.

この種の蓄電池は、昼間または夜間などの所定期間において商用電源から負荷機器への電力の供給を低減させる（不要にする場合を含む）から、利用者に費用上の利益をもたらしており、導入費用は利益によって減殺されていることになる。つまり、蓄電池を導入した費用は、蓄電池を導入しない場合よりも電力料金の支払いが減少するという実質的な利益によって減殺され、損益分岐点を超えると蓄電池の導入負債が消滅する。   This type of storage battery provides users with cost benefits because it reduces the supply of power from commercial power sources to load equipment (including when it is not required) during a specified period such as daytime or nighttime. Costs are being reduced by profits. In other words, the cost of introducing the storage battery is reduced by the substantial benefit that the payment of the power charge is reduced as compared with the case of not introducing the storage battery, and when the break-even point is exceeded, the introduction liability of the storage battery disappears.

ただし、蓄電池は、充放電を繰り返す間に劣化によって満充電容量が低下するから、利用者にもたらされる利益は徐々に低減し、やがては蓄電池を導入したことによる恩恵は消滅する。   However, since the full charge capacity of the storage battery is deteriorated due to deterioration while it is repeatedly charged and discharged, the benefit provided to the user is gradually reduced, and the benefit of introducing the storage battery eventually disappears.

上述したように、損益分岐点を超えると利用者には蓄電池の導入費用を相殺した余剰の利益がもたらされるが、蓄電池の劣化が進むと時間の経過に伴って余剰の利益による利益率が低下する。したがって、蓄電池の交換が予定されている場合、蓄電池の劣化を適切に評価し、利用者が蓄電池の交換費用を納得して支払えるように適切なタイミングで寿命を検出する必要がある。しかしながら、このような観点で蓄電池の寿命を評価する技術は提案されていないのが現状である。   As mentioned above, when the break-even point is exceeded, the user is provided with surplus profit that offsets the cost of introducing the storage battery. However, as the storage battery deteriorates, the profit margin due to surplus profit decreases with time. To do. Therefore, when the replacement of the storage battery is scheduled, it is necessary to appropriately evaluate the deterioration of the storage battery and detect the life at an appropriate timing so that the user can convince and pay the replacement cost of the storage battery. However, at present, no technology for evaluating the life of a storage battery from such a viewpoint has been proposed.

そこで、本発明の目的は、蓄電池の交換費用を考慮した適切なタイミングで蓄電池の寿命を報知する蓄電池管理装置を提供し、また、この蓄電池管理装置で用いる蓄電池管理方法を提供し、さらに、コンピュータをこの蓄電池管理装置として機能させるプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery management device that notifies the life of a storage battery at an appropriate timing considering the replacement cost of the storage battery, and also to provide a storage battery management method used in this storage battery management device, and further to a computer It is providing the storage medium which memorize | stored the program which functions as a storage battery management apparatus.

本発明に係る蓄電池管理装置は、商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置であって、前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する条件判定部と、前記条件判定部において前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力する出力部とを備えることを特徴とする。   The storage battery management apparatus according to the present invention relates to a storage battery that is installed in a consumer of a commercial power supply and used for the purpose of reducing power supply from the commercial power supply to the load equipment by supplying power to the load equipment during a predetermined period. A storage battery management device for managing the life of the storage battery, the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the accumulated cost associated with the purchase of electricity caused by the deterioration of the storage battery, A condition determination unit that determines the life of the storage battery when at least one of the accumulated cost, the introduction cost or the replacement cost, and the profit satisfies a specified condition, and the storage battery in the condition determination unit And an output unit that outputs a notification signal when it is determined that the life has been reached.

この蓄電池管理装置において、前記蓄電池の初期状態における満充電容量は、所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められており、前記条件判定部は、前記蓄電池が導入されてから買電の電力を監視する電力センサが買電の発生を検出するまでの日数で前記蓄電池の交換費用を除した値を前記蓄電池の１日当たりの交換費用として算出し、前記電力センサが買電の発生を検出した後の前記累積費用が、買電の発生が検出されてから後の経過日数と前記蓄電池の１日当たりの交換費用との積に達した時点を前記蓄電池の寿命と判定することが好ましい。   In this storage battery management device, the full charge capacity in the initial state of the storage battery is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone, and the condition determination unit is configured to purchase power after the storage battery is introduced. The value obtained by dividing the replacement cost of the storage battery by the number of days until the power sensor that monitors power detects the occurrence of power purchase is calculated as the replacement cost per day of the storage battery, and the power sensor detects the occurrence of power purchase. It is preferable to determine the time when the accumulated cost after having reached the product of the number of days elapsed after the occurrence of power purchase and the replacement cost per day of the storage battery is the life of the storage battery.

この蓄電池管理装置において、前記蓄電池の初期状態における満充電容量は、所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められており、前記条件判定部は、買電の電力を監視する電力センサが買電の発生を検出した時点の後であって、前記累積費用と前記導入費用との合計が前記利益を下回らない期間において、買電の発生を検出した時点と、前記利益が最大になる時点と、前記累積費用と前記導入費用との合計が前記利益に一致する時点とのいずれかを、前記蓄電池の寿命と判定することが好ましい。   In this storage battery management device, the full charge capacity in the initial state of the storage battery is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone, and the condition determination unit includes a power sensor that monitors power purchased. After the point in time when the occurrence of power purchase is detected and when the total of the accumulated cost and the introduction cost does not fall below the profit, the point in time when the occurrence of power purchase is detected and the point at which the profit becomes maximum And, it is preferable to determine that the sum of the accumulated cost and the introduction cost coincides with the profit as the life of the storage battery.

この蓄電池管理装置において、前記蓄電池の寿命を判定する条件を選択するモード選択部と、前記蓄電池の満充電容量を計測する容量計測部とをさらに備え、前記モード選択部は、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する第１の判定モードと、前記容量計測部が計測した満充電容量が規定の使用限界に達したことを前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する第２の判定モードとから選択することが可能であることが好ましい。   In this storage battery management device, further comprising: a mode selection unit that selects a condition for determining the life of the storage battery; and a capacity measurement unit that measures a full charge capacity of the storage battery, wherein the mode selection unit includes the accumulated cost, A first determination mode for determining the life of the storage battery when at least one of the introduction cost or the replacement cost and the profit satisfies a specified condition, and a full charge capacity measured by the capacity measuring unit is specified. It is preferable that it is possible to select from the second determination mode in which it is determined that the use limit has been reached as the life of the storage battery.

本発明に係る蓄電池管理方法は、商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置における蓄電池管理方法であって、前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定し、前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力することを特徴とする。   The storage battery management method according to the present invention relates to a storage battery that is installed in a consumer of a commercial power supply and used for the purpose of reducing power supply from the commercial power supply to the load equipment by supplying power to the load equipment during a predetermined period. A storage battery management method in a storage battery management device that manages the life of the storage battery, the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the power purchase caused by the deterioration of the storage battery When the accumulated cost, the introduction cost or the replacement cost, and the profit satisfy at least one of the predetermined conditions, it is determined that the battery has reached the end of its life, and the storage battery has reached the end of its life If it is determined, a notification signal is output.

本発明に係るプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体は、コンピュータを、商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置であって、前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する条件判定部と、前記条件判定部において前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力する出力部とを備える蓄電池管理装置として機能させるものである。   A storage medium storing a program according to the present invention is used for the purpose of reducing power supply from a commercial power supply to the load device by supplying power to the load device for a predetermined period of time when the computer is installed in a consumer of commercial power supply. A storage battery management device for managing the life of the storage battery, the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the purchase caused by the deterioration of the storage battery A condition determination unit that determines the life of the storage battery when at least one of the accumulated cost, the introduction cost or the replacement cost, and the profit satisfies a specified condition, When the condition determination unit determines that the storage battery has reached the end of its life, the storage battery management device includes an output unit that outputs a notification signal. It is intended to be.

本発明の構成によれば、蓄電池の導入による利用者の利益を高めるように蓄電池の寿命を判断するから、利用者にとって利益が大きくなる適切なタイミングで蓄電池の寿命の報知を行えるという利点がある。したがって、利用者にとっては導入費用の高い蓄電池を導入するにあたって金銭による動機付けが得られる。その結果、蓄電池を導入する利用者の増加につながり、結果的に蓄電池の普及につながる。   According to the configuration of the present invention, since the life of the storage battery is determined so as to increase the profit of the user due to the introduction of the storage battery, there is an advantage that the life of the storage battery can be notified at an appropriate timing when the profit is large for the user. . Therefore, the user can be motivated by money when introducing a storage battery having a high introduction cost. As a result, it leads to the increase of the users who introduce a storage battery, and it leads to the spread of a storage battery as a result.

本発明の好ましい実施形態をさらに詳細に記述する。本発明の他の特徴および利点は、以下の詳細な記述および添付図面に関連して一層良く理解されるものである。
本実施形態に係る蓄電池管理装置を説明するためのブロック図である。 蓄電池の劣化を説明する図である。 本実施形態に係る蓄電池管理装置の原理を説明する図である。 本実施形態に係る蓄電池管理装置の原理を説明する図である。 本実施形態に係る蓄電池管理装置の原理を説明する図である。 本実施形態に係る蓄電池管理装置の動作例をフローチャートで示した動作説明図である。 Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in further detail. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
It is a block diagram for demonstrating the storage battery management apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure explaining deterioration of a storage battery. It is a figure explaining the principle of the storage battery management apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the principle of the storage battery management apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the principle of the storage battery management apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which showed the operation example of the storage battery management apparatus which concerns on this embodiment with the flowchart.

以下に説明する実施形態は、戸建て住宅において用いられる蓄電装置を例として説明するが、本実施形態で説明する技術は、集合住宅、事務所ビル、商業ビル、病院、美術館などの他の建物においても適用可能である。以下に説明する蓄電装置は、商用電源の電力系統から購入する電力量を低減することを目的とする利用用途を想定しており、用途が異なる場合でも使用可能であるが、他の用途で利用されている期間は考慮しない。言い換えると、蓄電装置が商用電源の電力系統からの買電に要する費用を低減させる目的で利用されている期間に得られる情報によって蓄電池の寿命を評価する。   The embodiment described below will be described using a power storage device used in a detached house as an example, but the technology described in this embodiment is applied to other buildings such as an apartment house, an office building, a commercial building, a hospital, and a museum. Is also applicable. The power storage device described below is assumed to be used for the purpose of reducing the amount of power purchased from the power system of the commercial power supply, and can be used even when the usage is different. The period is not considered. In other words, the life of the storage battery is evaluated based on information obtained during a period in which the power storage device is used for the purpose of reducing the cost required to purchase power from the power system of the commercial power source.

本実施形態で説明する蓄電装置１は、図１に示すように、商用電源の電力系統２および太陽光発電装置３と併用することにより、複数の負荷機器４に電力を供給する目的で用いられている。蓄電装置１と電力系統２と太陽光発電装置３とは分電盤５を介して接続され、分電盤５から複数の負荷機器４に電力が供給される。分電盤５は、周知のように１個の主幹ブレーカ（図示せず）と複数個の分岐ブレーカ（図示せず）とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage device 1 described in the present embodiment is used for the purpose of supplying power to a plurality of load devices 4 by using together with a power system 2 and a solar power generation device 3 of a commercial power source. ing. The power storage device 1, the power system 2, and the solar power generation device 3 are connected via the distribution board 5, and power is supplied from the distribution board 5 to the plurality of load devices 4. As is well known, the distribution board 5 includes one main breaker (not shown) and a plurality of branch breakers (not shown).

太陽光発電装置３は、太陽光を受けて発電する太陽電池パネル（以下、「ＰＶパネル」という）３１と、太陽電池パネル３１の出力を交流電力に変換するパワーコンディショナ（以下、「ＰＶパワコン」という）３２とを備える。ＰＶパネル３１およびＰＶパワコン３２は、周知の構成および機能を備えていればよく、ここでは要旨ではないから詳述しない。   The solar power generation device 3 includes a solar cell panel (hereinafter referred to as “PV panel”) 31 that generates power by receiving sunlight, and a power conditioner (hereinafter referred to as “PV power converter”) that converts the output of the solar cell panel 31 into AC power. 32). The PV panel 31 and the PV power conditioner 32 only need to have a known configuration and function, and are not described here because they are not the gist.

蓄電装置１は、複数個の蓄電池（図示せず）を備えた蓄電池ユニット１１と、蓄電池ユニット１１の充放電を行う電力変換器（以下、「蓄電池パワコン」という）１２とを備える。蓄電池ユニット１１は、蓄電池のほか、蓄電池の温度を検出する温度センサ（不図示）、蓄電池の開放電圧を検出する電圧検出器（不図示）、充放電電流を検出する電流センサ（不図示）などが１つのケースに収納される。蓄電池パワコン１２は、交流から直流への電力変換の機能と直流から交流への電力変換の機能とを備えたコンバータ部１３と、蓄電池ユニット１１や分電盤５から取得される情報を用いてコンバータ部１３の動作を制御する蓄電池管理装置１０とを備える。   The power storage device 1 includes a storage battery unit 11 including a plurality of storage batteries (not shown), and a power converter (hereinafter referred to as “storage battery power converter”) 12 that charges and discharges the storage battery unit 11. In addition to the storage battery, the storage battery unit 11 includes a temperature sensor (not shown) that detects the temperature of the storage battery, a voltage detector (not shown) that detects the open voltage of the storage battery, a current sensor (not shown) that detects the charge / discharge current, and the like. Are stored in one case. The storage battery power conditioner 12 is a converter using a converter unit 13 having a function of power conversion from AC to DC and a function of power conversion from DC to AC, and information acquired from the storage battery unit 11 and the distribution board 5. And a storage battery management device 10 that controls the operation of the unit 13.

蓄電装置１の用途は、蓄電装置１が内蔵する蓄電池管理装置１０の仕様に依存する。蓄電池管理装置１０は、マイコンのようにプログラムに従って動作するデバイスおよびインターフェイス部を主なハードウェア要素として備える。したがって、インターフェイス部を通して入出力される情報の種類とプログラムとの組合せにより、蓄電装置１の用途が定められる。蓄電装置１の利用用途の例を以下に列挙する。
（１）電気料金の単価が低額である時間帯に電力系統２からの電力で蓄電装置１を充電し、電気料金の単価が高額である時間帯に蓄電装置１から負荷機器４に給電する。
（２）電気料金の単価が低額である時間帯に電力系統２からの電力で蓄電装置１を充電し、太陽光発電装置３の発電中には蓄電装置１から負荷機器４に給電し、太陽光発電装置３の発電電力を電力系統２に逆潮流させる。
（３）太陽光発電装置３の発電電力のうち負荷機器４で消費されない余剰電力で蓄電装置１を充電し、太陽光発電装置３の発電電力が負荷機器４の消費電力を下回ると蓄電装置１から負荷機器４に給電する。
（４）電力系統２と太陽光発電装置３との少なくとも一方からの電力で蓄電装置１を充電し、負荷機器４で消費される電力量が増加したときに、電力系統２から購入する電力量を低減させるために、蓄電装置１から負荷機器４に給電する。
（５）電力系統２と太陽光発電装置３との少なくとも一方からの電力で蓄電装置１を充電し、電力系統２からの給電が停止したときに、蓄電装置１から一部または全部の負荷機器４に給電する。The usage of the power storage device 1 depends on the specifications of the storage battery management device 10 built in the power storage device 1. The storage battery management apparatus 10 includes a device that operates according to a program, such as a microcomputer, and an interface unit as main hardware elements. Therefore, the use of power storage device 1 is determined by the combination of the type of information input / output through the interface unit and the program. Examples of usage applications of the power storage device 1 are listed below.
(1) The power storage device 1 is charged with power from the power system 2 during a time period when the unit price of the electricity charge is low, and the load device 4 is supplied with power from the power storage device 1 during a time period when the unit price of the electricity charge is high.
(2) The power storage device 1 is charged with power from the power system 2 during a time period when the unit price of the electricity bill is low, and the solar power generation device 3 supplies power to the load device 4 during power generation. The power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 3 is caused to flow backward to the power system 2.
(3) When the power storage device 1 is charged with surplus power that is not consumed by the load device 4 among the power generated by the solar power generation device 3, and the power generation power of the solar power generation device 3 falls below the power consumption of the load device 4, the power storage device 1 To the load device 4.
(4) The amount of power purchased from the power system 2 when the power storage device 1 is charged with power from at least one of the power system 2 and the solar power generation device 3 and the amount of power consumed by the load device 4 increases. Power is supplied from the power storage device 1 to the load device 4.
(5) When the power storage device 1 is charged with power from at least one of the power system 2 and the solar power generation device 3 and the power supply from the power system 2 is stopped, a part or all of the load devices from the power storage device 1 4 is fed.

上述した蓄電装置１の利用用途は一例であり、蓄電装置１を充電するために供給される電源の種類および蓄電装置１を充電するタイミングと、蓄電装置１から負荷機器４に給電するタイミングとの組合せにより、蓄電装置１は、種々の用途に利用可能である。本実施形態の蓄電装置１は、商用電源の電力系統２と接続され、商用電源の電力系統からの買電に要する費用を低減することを前提にしており、蓄電池ユニット１１が日常的に充放電を繰り返すことが必要である。   The use application of the power storage device 1 described above is an example, and the type of power supplied to charge the power storage device 1 and the timing of charging the power storage device 1 and the timing of supplying power to the load device 4 from the power storage device 1 Depending on the combination, the power storage device 1 can be used for various purposes. The power storage device 1 of the present embodiment is connected to a power system 2 of a commercial power supply, and is based on the premise that the cost required for purchasing power from the power system of the commercial power supply is reduced, and the storage battery unit 11 is charged and discharged on a daily basis. It is necessary to repeat.

したがって、利用用途（５）のように、蓄電池ユニット１１が非日常的（一時的）にしか利用されない利用用途は考慮しない。また、利用用途（３）は電力系統２と接続しない場合も含まれるが、本実施形態では、電力系統２に接続されている場合を想定する。以下では、説明を簡単にするために、１日のうちの所定の時間帯（所定期間）には、電力系統２からの買電を行わない時間帯を設けるという制約条件を課すことができるように、システムが設計されていると仮定する。すなわち、当該時間帯には充電によって蓄電池ユニット１１に蓄積されている電力を負荷機器４に供給することができるように、初期状態における蓄電池ユニット１１の満充電容量が定められているものとする。そのため、利用用途（４）のように電力量のピークを抑制する動作は、以下の説明の対象からは除外する。   Therefore, the usage application in which the storage battery unit 11 is used only on an extraordinary basis (temporary) like the usage usage (5) is not considered. Moreover, although the use application (3) includes a case where it is not connected to the power system 2, a case where it is connected to the power system 2 is assumed in the present embodiment. In the following, in order to simplify the explanation, it is possible to impose a constraint condition that a time zone in which power is not purchased from the power system 2 is provided in a predetermined time zone (predetermined period) of the day. Assume that the system is designed. That is, it is assumed that the full charge capacity of the storage battery unit 11 in the initial state is determined so that the power stored in the storage battery unit 11 by charging can be supplied to the load device 4 during the time period. Therefore, the operation | movement which suppresses the peak of electric energy like utilization use (4) is excluded from the object of the following description.

買電を行わない時間帯は、夜間を除く時間帯または１日の全時間帯のいずれかを想定する。夜間を除く時間帯とする場合は、夜間に蓄電池ユニット１１を充電し、夜間を除く時間帯に放電することにより、この時間帯における買電の発生を防止する。この動作は、利用用途（１）または利用用途（２）に相当する。１日の全時間帯において買電の発生を防止する動作は、利用用途（３）に相当する。   The time zone during which power is not purchased is assumed to be either a time zone other than nighttime or the entire time zone of the day. When it is set as the time slot | zone except night, generation | occurrence | production of the power purchase in this time slot | zone is prevented by charging the storage battery unit 11 at night and discharging in the time slot except night. This operation corresponds to use application (1) or use application (2). The operation for preventing the occurrence of power purchase in the entire time zone of the day corresponds to usage (3).

蓄電池管理装置１０は、上述のような蓄電装置１の利用用途に応じた機能を備えるが、本実施形態では、蓄電池管理装置１０の機能のうち蓄電池ユニット１１が備える蓄電池の寿命を管理する機能に着目して説明する。なお、蓄電池ユニット１１が備える複数個の蓄電池（蓄電池セル）が寿命になった場合、蓄電装置１において個々の蓄電池が交換されるのではなく、蓄電池ユニット１１が交換される。ただし、寿命になった蓄電池を内蔵した蓄電池ユニット１１は、回収先で蓄電池を交換してリユースに供されるか、回収先で分解してリサイクルに供されることが望ましい。以下の説明では、蓄電池ユニット１１について蓄電池の機能にのみ着目しており、この意味で蓄電池ユニット１１は蓄電池と等価であるから、以下では、蓄電池ユニット１１を「蓄電池１１」という。   The storage battery management device 10 has a function according to the use application of the power storage device 1 as described above. In the present embodiment, the storage battery management device 10 has a function of managing the life of the storage battery included in the storage battery unit 11 among the functions of the storage battery management device 10. Focus on the explanation. In addition, when the some storage battery (storage battery cell) with which the storage battery unit 11 is provided becomes a lifetime, not each storage battery is replaced | exchanged in the electrical storage apparatus 1, but the storage battery unit 11 is replaced | exchanged. However, it is desirable that the storage battery unit 11 including the storage battery that has reached the end of its life is reused by exchanging the storage battery at the collection destination, or decomposed at the collection destination and used for recycling. In the following description, the storage battery unit 11 is focused only on the function of the storage battery. In this sense, the storage battery unit 11 is equivalent to the storage battery. Therefore, the storage battery unit 11 is hereinafter referred to as “storage battery 11”.

以下、説明のために、買電の電力量を「買電量」、売電の電力量を「売電量」、太陽光発電装置３が発電した電力量を「発電量」、負荷機器４が消費した電力量を「消費量」と呼ぶ。また、充電によって蓄電池１１に蓄積された電力量を「充電量」、放電によって蓄電池１１から放出された電力量を「放電量」と呼ぶ。さらに、買電による電力料金の単価を「買電単価」、売電による電力料金の単価を「売電単価」と呼ぶ。なお、買電単価は、時間帯別で２段階以上に設定されているものとする。   Hereinafter, for the purpose of explanation, the amount of power purchased is “amount of power purchased”, the amount of power sold is “amount of power sold”, the amount of power generated by the solar power generation device 3 is “amount of power generation”, and the load device 4 consumes This amount of power is called “consumption”. The amount of power stored in the storage battery 11 by charging is referred to as “charge amount”, and the amount of power released from the storage battery 11 by discharge is referred to as “discharge amount”. Furthermore, the unit price of the power charge by purchasing power is referred to as “unit price of power purchase”, and the unit price of the power charge by selling power is referred to as “unit price of power sale”. It is assumed that the unit price of power purchase is set in two or more stages for each time zone.

蓄電池管理装置１０は、蓄電池１１の寿命を管理するために、買電量と売電量と充電量と放電量と消費量とから選択される電力量を監視する必要がある。したがって、電力センサＣ１〜Ｃ３から電力を取得する。電力センサＣ１は、電力系統２と分電盤５との間に配置され、買電と売電とのうち少なくとも買電の電力を計測する。電力系統への逆潮流を行わない場合には、売電の電力は計測不要である。電力センサＣ２は、蓄電装置１に設けられ、蓄電池１１の充電と放電との電力を計測する。さらに、電力センサＣ３は、分電盤５から負荷機器４に給電する分岐回路ごと、あるいは負荷機器４ごとに設けられ、分岐回路あるいは負荷機器４ごとの電力を計測する。   In order to manage the life of the storage battery 11, the storage battery management device 10 needs to monitor the amount of power selected from the amount of power purchased, the amount of power sold, the amount of charge, the amount of discharge, and the amount of consumption. Therefore, power is acquired from the power sensors C1 to C3. The power sensor C <b> 1 is disposed between the power system 2 and the distribution board 5 and measures at least the power of power purchase out of power purchase and power sale. When the reverse power flow to the power system is not performed, the power sold is not required to be measured. The power sensor C <b> 2 is provided in the power storage device 1 and measures the power of charging and discharging of the storage battery 11. Furthermore, the power sensor C3 is provided for each branch circuit that feeds power to the load device 4 from the distribution board 5 or for each load device 4, and measures the power for each branch circuit or load device 4.

蓄電池管理装置１０は、外部装置を接続するインターフェイス部１０１を備える。インターフェイス部１０１は、電力センサＣ１〜Ｃ３の出力を取得する取得部としての通信インターフェイス部１０１１を備える。また、インターフェイス部１０１は、蓄電池管理装置１０から出力される情報により動作する出力装置や蓄電池管理装置１０に与える情報を入力する入力装置を接続する通信インターフェイス部１０１２を備える。以下では、「通信インターフェイス部」を「通信Ｉ／Ｆ」と略称する。   The storage battery management device 10 includes an interface unit 101 that connects an external device. The interface unit 101 includes a communication interface unit 1011 as an acquisition unit that acquires the outputs of the power sensors C1 to C3. The interface unit 101 includes a communication interface unit 1012 that connects an output device that operates according to information output from the storage battery management device 10 and an input device that inputs information to be given to the storage battery management device 10. Hereinafter, the “communication interface unit” is abbreviated as “communication I / F”.

蓄電池管理装置１０は、現在日時を計時する内蔵時計（リアルタイムクロック）１０２を備え、通信Ｉ／Ｆ１０１１が取得した各種の電力と内蔵時計１０２が計時する日時とを用いて蓄電池１１の寿命を判定する寿命判定部１００を備える。さらに、蓄電池管理装置１０は、寿命判定部１００が蓄電池１１の寿命と判定したときに報知信号を出力する出力部１０３を備える。   The storage battery management device 10 includes a built-in clock (real-time clock) 102 that measures the current date and time, and determines the life of the storage battery 11 using various types of power acquired by the communication I / F 1011 and the date and time measured by the built-in clock 102. A life determination unit 100 is provided. Furthermore, the storage battery management device 10 includes an output unit 103 that outputs a notification signal when the life determination unit 100 determines that the life of the storage battery 11 has been reached.

寿命判定部１００は、通信Ｉ／Ｆ１０１１を通して取得した各種の電力を積算して電力量を求める電力量算出部１００１と、内蔵時計１０２が計時している現在日時を電力量算出部１００１が求めた電力量と対応付けて記録する電力量記憶部１００２とを備える。本実施形態は、蓄電池１１の寿命の判定に、後述するように、買電単価、売電単価、蓄電装置１の導入費用、蓄電池１１の交換費用などから選択される計算用データを必要とする。したがって、寿命判定部１００は、これらの計算用データを保持するデータ保持部１００３を備える。   The life determination unit 100 calculates a power amount calculation unit 1001 that integrates various types of power acquired through the communication I / F 1011 to obtain a power amount, and the power amount calculation unit 1001 determines the current date and time that the built-in clock 102 is timing. And an electric energy storage unit 1002 that records the electric energy in association with the electric energy. This embodiment requires calculation data selected from the unit price of power purchase, the unit price of power sale, the introduction cost of the power storage device 1, the replacement cost of the storage battery 11, etc., as will be described later, for determining the life of the storage battery 11. . Therefore, the life determination unit 100 includes a data holding unit 1003 that holds these calculation data.

さらに、寿命判定部１００は、電力量記憶部１００２が記憶した電力量、データ保持部１００３が保持する計算用データ、内蔵時計１０２が計時する日時を用いて寿命の判定を行う条件判定部１００４を備える。条件判定部１００４が寿命と判定すると出力部１０３を通して報知信号が出力される。   Further, the life determination unit 100 includes a condition determination unit 1004 that determines the life using the power amount stored in the power amount storage unit 1002, the calculation data stored in the data storage unit 1003, and the date and time counted by the built-in clock 102. Prepare. When the condition determination unit 1004 determines that the lifetime is reached, a notification signal is output through the output unit 103.

以下では、寿命判定部１００が行う処理について説明する。本実施形態は、蓄電池１１の寿命を評価するために、蓄電池１１の導入によって利用者にもたらされる利益を評価する。蓄電池１１の導入による利益（導入前後の差益）は、上述のように所定の時間帯に買電を行わないという制約条件を与えても、以下の３種類の場合に分けられる。ここでは、説明を簡単にするために、温度環境などによる蓄電池１１の満充電容量の変化および電力の損失は考慮しない。以下の構成（Ｉ）、構成（ＩＩ）は図１の構成であり、構成（ＩＩＩ）は図１の構成から太陽光発電装置３を省略した構成になる。
（Ｉ）太陽光発電装置３を備え、太陽光発電装置３が発電した電力の電力系統２への逆潮流が許容されている構成。この場合、昼間には、発電量の一部が売電量に充当され、発電量の残りが消費量および充電量に充当される。また、夜間には、放電量と買電量との合算が消費量に充当される。つまり、夜間には買電量が発生する。そのため、売電量に売電単価を乗じた金額と、充電量に買電単価を乗じた金額との合計が、蓄電池１１の導入による利益になる。
（ＩＩ）太陽光発電装置３を備え、太陽光発電装置３が発電した電力の電力系統２への逆潮流が禁止されている構成。この場合、昼間には、発電量が消費量および充電量に充当され、夜間には、放電量が消費量に充当される。なお、太陽光発電装置３の発電量および蓄電池１１の充電量は、買電が行われない程度に設定されていると仮定する。そのため、昼間と夜間との消費量に買電単価を乗じた金額が、蓄電池１１の導入による利益になる。
（ＩＩＩ）太陽光発電装置３を備えず、夜間の買電量が昼間の消費量に充当される構成。この場合、放電量は消費量に一致する。したがって、充電量が放電量と一致していれば、充電時の買電単価と放電時の買電単価との差額に放電量を乗じた金額が、蓄電池１１の導入に伴う利益になる。Below, the process which the lifetime determination part 100 performs is demonstrated. In this embodiment, in order to evaluate the life of the storage battery 11, the profit brought to the user by the introduction of the storage battery 11 is evaluated. The profit (the difference between before and after the introduction) of the storage battery 11 can be divided into the following three types of cases even if the restriction condition that the power purchase is not performed during a predetermined time period is given as described above. Here, in order to simplify the description, a change in the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 due to a temperature environment or the like and a loss of power are not considered. The following configurations (I) and (II) are the configurations of FIG. 1, and the configuration (III) is a configuration in which the solar power generation device 3 is omitted from the configuration of FIG.
(I) A configuration that includes the solar power generation device 3 and allows reverse power flow to the power system 2 of the power generated by the solar power generation device 3. In this case, in the daytime, a part of the power generation amount is allocated to the power sales amount, and the remainder of the power generation amount is allocated to the consumption amount and the charge amount. In addition, at night, the sum of the amount of discharge and the amount of electricity purchased is used for consumption. That is, the amount of electricity purchased is generated at night. For this reason, the sum of the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of power sold by the unit price of power sale and the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of power charged by the unit price of power purchase is a benefit of the introduction of the storage battery 11.
(II) A configuration including the solar power generation device 3 and prohibiting reverse power flow of the power generated by the solar power generation device 3 to the power system 2. In this case, the power generation amount is applied to the consumption amount and the charge amount during the daytime, and the discharge amount is applied to the consumption amount at night. It is assumed that the power generation amount of the solar power generation device 3 and the charge amount of the storage battery 11 are set to such an extent that power purchase is not performed. For this reason, the amount obtained by multiplying the daytime and nighttime consumption by the unit price of power purchase becomes a profit due to the introduction of the storage battery 11.
(III) A configuration in which the solar power generation device 3 is not provided, and the amount of purchased electricity at night is used for daytime consumption. In this case, the discharge amount matches the consumption amount. Therefore, if the amount of charge matches the amount of discharge, an amount obtained by multiplying the difference between the power purchase unit price at the time of charge and the power purchase unit price at the time of discharge by the discharge amount is a benefit associated with the introduction of the storage battery 11.

上記構成（ＩＩ）において、通常であれば昼間の消費量が発電量を超えるか夜間の消費量が充電量を超える状況が生じると買電が発生する。しかしながら、上述のように、所定の時間帯には買電を行わないという制約条件を課してシステムが設計されているから（つまり、初期状態における満充電容量は所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められている）、この状況は生じない。なお、この状況の発生を許容する場合、昼間と夜間との消費量から売電量を減算して買電単価を乗じた金額が、蓄電池１１の導入による利益になる。また、太陽光発電装置３をシステムに含む場合、利益は蓄電装置１を導入したことのみによって生じているわけではないが、ここでは、太陽光発電装置３も含めて蓄電池１１を利用することによる利益とみなす。   In the above configuration (II), if there is a situation where the daytime consumption exceeds the power generation amount or the nighttime consumption exceeds the charge amount, power purchase occurs. However, as described above, the system is designed with the constraint that power is not purchased during a predetermined time period (that is, the full charge capacity in the initial state is the power purchased during the predetermined time period). This situation does not occur). In the case where the occurrence of this situation is allowed, the amount obtained by subtracting the amount of power sold from the amount consumed during the daytime and at night and multiplying by the unit price for power purchase becomes the profit due to the introduction of the storage battery 11. Further, when the solar power generation device 3 is included in the system, the profit is not generated only by introducing the power storage device 1, but here, by using the storage battery 11 including the solar power generation device 3. Considered profit.

蓄電池１１の導入による利益の金額を算出する際には、単位時間（１分、１０分など）ごとの電力量（買電量、売電量、消費量、放電量から選択される）を計測し、計測した単位時間ごとの電力量に買電価格または売電価格を乗じ、乗算結果の積算値を求める。   When calculating the amount of profit due to the introduction of the storage battery 11, measure the amount of power (selected from the amount of electricity purchased, the amount of electricity sold, the amount of consumption, the amount of discharge) per unit time (1 minute, 10 minutes, etc.) Multiply the measured power consumption per unit time by the power purchase price or the power sale price to obtain the integrated value of the multiplication results.

蓄電池１１の導入による利益の金額は、蓄電池１１の利用時間の経過に伴って増加するから、やがては蓄電装置１の導入費用に達する。この時点が蓄電装置１の導入に対する損益分岐点になる。損益分岐点に達すると蓄電装置１の導入費用が相殺されるから、損益分岐点に到達した後は、利益が蓄積されることになる。   Since the amount of profit due to the introduction of the storage battery 11 increases as the usage time of the storage battery 11 elapses, it eventually reaches the introduction cost of the power storage device 1. This point becomes a breakeven point for the introduction of the power storage device 1. When the break-even point is reached, the introduction cost of the power storage device 1 is offset, so that profit is accumulated after the break-even point is reached.

ところで、多くの蓄電池１１は、充放電サイクルを繰り返すことによって内部インピーダンスが増加する。そのため、図２に示すように、充放電サイクルの回数の増加に伴って、蓄電池１１の満充電容量が低下することが知られている。充放電サイクルは、満充電状態から電池残量が０になるまでの放電と、電池残量が０の状態から満充電状態までの充電とを行う期間を１サイクルとしている。ただし、蓄電池１１の実使用に際しては、充電時に満充電状態に達しないことが多く、放電時に電池残量を０にすることは少ない。すなわち、負荷機器４に電力を供給する用途で用いる蓄電装置１は、蓄電池１１の電池残量が数十％の範囲である中間領域において、充電と放電とを繰り返すように使用されることが多い。もっとも、この事情を考慮しても、充放電の繰り返し回数が増加することに伴って、蓄電池１１の満充電容量は次第に低下することは言える。   By the way, many storage batteries 11 increase internal impedance by repeating a charging / discharging cycle. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, it is known that the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 decreases as the number of charge / discharge cycles increases. In the charge / discharge cycle, one cycle is a period in which the discharge from the fully charged state until the remaining battery level becomes zero and the charging from the remaining battery level of 0 to the fully charged state are performed. However, when the storage battery 11 is actually used, the battery is often not fully charged during charging, and the battery remaining amount is rarely reduced to zero during discharging. That is, the power storage device 1 used for the purpose of supplying electric power to the load device 4 is often used to repeat charging and discharging in an intermediate region where the remaining battery capacity of the storage battery 11 is in the range of several tens of percent. . However, even if this situation is taken into account, it can be said that the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 gradually decreases as the number of charge / discharge cycles increases.

本実施形態は、充放電の繰り返し回数の増加に伴って蓄電池１１の満充電容量が低下することを蓄電池１１の劣化と判断している。蓄電池１１の満充電容量が低下する速度は、劣化が進行するほど大きくなることが知られている。そして、一般には満充電容量が公称容量に対して５０〜６０％まで低下する充放電回数をもって蓄電池１１の寿命が設定されている。言い換えると、一般的な蓄電池１１の寿命の判断基準は、満充電容量が公称容量に対して５０〜６０％まで低下することである。図２では満充電容量の初期値に対する割合が所定値（たとえば、３０％）になる時点を使用限界として表している。   In the present embodiment, it is determined that the storage battery 11 is deteriorated when the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 decreases as the number of charge / discharge repetitions increases. It is known that the speed at which the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 decreases increases as the deterioration progresses. And generally the lifetime of the storage battery 11 is set with the frequency | count of charging / discharging in which a full charge capacity falls to 50 to 60% with respect to a nominal capacity. In other words, a general criterion for determining the life of the storage battery 11 is that the full charge capacity is reduced to 50 to 60% of the nominal capacity. In FIG. 2, the time when the ratio of the full charge capacity to the initial value becomes a predetermined value (for example, 30%) is shown as the use limit.

ここに、所定の時間帯には買電が生じさせないという制約条件を課してシステムが設計されているにもかかわらず、蓄電池１１の満充電容量が劣化に伴って低下すると、蓄電池１１の放電量が負荷機器４の消費量を充足できなくなる状況が発生し、上述の制約条件を満足できなくなる。つまり、初期状態における満充電容量は所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められているが、蓄電池１１の劣化に伴って所定の時間帯における消費量が満充電容量より大きくなると、この時間帯において買電が生じる。   Here, even though the system is designed with the restriction that power is not generated during a predetermined time period, if the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 decreases with deterioration, the storage battery 11 is discharged. A situation occurs in which the amount cannot satisfy the consumption amount of the load device 4, and the above-described constraint condition cannot be satisfied. That is, the full charge capacity in the initial state is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone, but when the consumption amount in the predetermined time zone becomes larger than the full charge capacity as the storage battery 11 deteriorates, Electricity purchase occurs in the time zone.

しかも、劣化が進行するほど満充電容量の低下率が大きくなるから、蓄電池１１の劣化が進行すると、所定の時間帯における買電量が急速に増加する。このことから、損益分岐点を超えて得られていた利益は、買電の発生に伴って減少し、やがては買電に伴う支払いによって利益が失われることになる。すなわち、劣化した蓄電池１１を使い続けると、次の損益分岐点（蓄積した利益が蓄電装置１の導入費用に一致する点）に達し、蓄電池１１の導入に伴って得られていた利益の蓄積が消滅することになる。   In addition, since the rate of decrease of the full charge capacity increases as the deterioration progresses, the amount of power purchased in a predetermined time zone increases rapidly as the deterioration of the storage battery 11 progresses. For this reason, the profit that has been obtained beyond the breakeven point decreases with the occurrence of power purchase, and eventually the profit is lost due to the payment associated with the power purchase. That is, if the deteriorated storage battery 11 is continuously used, the next break-even point (a point where the accumulated profit matches the introduction cost of the power storage device 1) is reached, and the accumulation of the profit obtained with the introduction of the storage battery 11 is accumulated. It will disappear.

以上のことを勘案すれば、２つの損益分岐点の間に、利益の蓄積が最大化される時点が存在することが容易に推測される。以下では、このような特性に基づいて蓄電池１１の交換時期を適正に定める方法について説明する。   Considering the above, it is easily estimated that there is a point in time when the accumulation of profit is maximized between the two break-even points. Below, the method to determine appropriately the replacement time of the storage battery 11 based on such a characteristic is demonstrated.

図３Ａに示すように、所定の時間帯において買電を生じさせないという条件が満足されている期間（ｔ０−ｔ２）には、蓄電池１１の利用に伴って得られる利益の積算値Ｖ２は、ほぼ直線的に増加するとみなせる。利益の積算値Ｖ２が増加すると、やがて蓄電装置１の導入費用Ｖ１に達する。このように、利益の積算値Ｖ２が導入費用Ｖ１に一致する点が損益分岐点Ｐ１になる（時点ｔ１）。また、蓄電池１１の劣化に伴って所定の時間帯における買電が発生するようになると（時点ｔ２）、利益の増加率が低下し始め、蓄積された利益Ｖ２がふたたび導入費用Ｖ１に一致する（時点ｔ４）。すなわち、次の損益分岐点Ｐ２に達する。時点ｔ５は満充電容量が使用限界に達した時点を表している。   As shown in FIG. 3A, during a period (t0-t2) in which the condition that no power purchase is generated in a predetermined time period is satisfied (t0-t2), the integrated value V2 of the profit obtained with the use of the storage battery 11 is approximately It can be regarded as increasing linearly. When the integrated value V2 of profit increases, the introduction cost V1 of the power storage device 1 is eventually reached. In this way, the point where the integrated value V2 of profit matches the introduction cost V1 is the breakeven point P1 (time point t1). Further, when power purchase occurs in a predetermined time zone with the deterioration of the storage battery 11 (time t2), the rate of increase in profit starts to decrease, and the accumulated profit V2 again matches the introduction cost V1 ( Time t4). That is, the next breakeven point P2 is reached. A time point t5 represents a time point when the full charge capacity reaches the use limit.

図３Ａは利益の積算値Ｖ２の中に買電に伴う損失を折り込んでいる。これに対し、図３Ｂに示すように、蓄電池１１が劣化しないと仮定した場合の理想的な利益の積算値Ｖ２を仮想線Ｖ３で表し、買電に伴う累積費用Ｖ４を蓄電装置１の導入費用Ｖ１に加算する形式で表すことも可能である。すなわち、図３Ａと図３Ｂとは等価である。   In FIG. 3A, a loss due to power purchase is included in the profit integrated value V2. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, the ideal integrated value V2 of the profit when it is assumed that the storage battery 11 does not deteriorate is represented by a virtual line V3, and the accumulated cost V4 associated with power purchase is the introduction cost of the power storage device 1. It can also be expressed in the form of addition to V1. That is, FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are equivalent.

図３Ａ，３Ｂは損益分岐点Ｐ１までは所定の時間帯における買電が生じないと仮定した場合の特性を表している。一方、蓄電池１１の利用用途によっては蓄電池１１が劣化して買電が生じ始めた後に損益分岐点Ｐ１に達することもある。この場合の費用関係を図３Ｂと同様の形式で表すと図３Ｃのようになる。   3A and 3B show characteristics when it is assumed that no power purchase occurs in a predetermined time zone until the breakeven point P1. On the other hand, depending on the use application of the storage battery 11, the break-even point P1 may be reached after the storage battery 11 deteriorates and power purchase starts. The cost relationship in this case is shown in FIG. 3C in the same format as FIG. 3B.

すなわち、図３Ｃでは、時点Ｔ２で蓄電池１１が劣化して買電が生じ始め、その後の時点Ｔ１で利益の積算値Ｖ２が損益分岐点Ｐ１に達し、時点Ｔ４で損益分岐点Ｐ２に達する。時点Ｔ５は満充電容量が使用限界に達した時点を表している。   That is, in FIG. 3C, the storage battery 11 deteriorates at time T2 and power purchase begins to occur, and the integrated value V2 of profit reaches the breakeven point P1 at time T1, and reaches the breakeven point P2 at time T4. Time point T5 represents a time point when the full charge capacity has reached the use limit.

いずれにしても、蓄電池１１の劣化に伴って所定の時間帯における買電が生じることを考慮すると、２つの損益分岐点Ｐ１，Ｐ２が生じ、２つの損益分岐点Ｐ１，Ｐ２の間で、最大の利益Ｖ５が得られることがわかる（図３Ａ，３Ｂでは時点ｔ３、図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ３）。   In any case, in consideration of the occurrence of power purchase in a predetermined time zone due to the deterioration of the storage battery 11, two break-even points P1 and P2 occur, and the maximum between the two break-even points P1 and P2 It can be seen that the profit V5 is obtained (time t3 in FIGS. 3A and 3B, time T3 in FIG. 3C).

蓄電池１１の導入に伴う費用関係が図３Ａ〜３Ｃに示す関係になることから、蓄電池１１を交換するタイミングは、買電が生じた時点ｔ２（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ２に相当）から蓄積した利益が消滅する損益分岐点Ｐ２までの期間であればよいと言える。現実的には、買電が生じた時点ｔ２（時点Ｔ２）と、蓄積した利益が最大になる時点ｔ３（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ３に相当）と、損益分岐点Ｐ２の時点ｔ４（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ４に相当）との３時点のいずれかを選択することが望ましいと言える。   Since the cost relationship associated with the introduction of the storage battery 11 is the relationship shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the timing at which the storage battery 11 is replaced is the profit accumulated from time t2 when power purchase occurs (corresponding to time T2 in FIG. 3C). It can be said that the period up to the break-even point P2 disappears. Actually, the time t2 when power purchase occurs (time T2), the time t3 when the accumulated profit becomes maximum (corresponding to the time T3 in FIG. 3C), and the time t4 of the breakeven point P2 (time in FIG. 3C). It can be said that it is desirable to select one of the three time points (corresponding to T4).

蓄電池１１を交換するタイミングとして、時点ｔ２（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ２に相当）を選択した場合、所定の時間帯における買電を生じさせないという制約条件を満たしたままで蓄電池１１を交換することが可能になる。たとえば、分散電源によって消費量を充足させている需要家の場合、買電が生じたときにペナルティとして買電単価が一般価格よりも高くなる場合があるから、このような需要家では蓄電池１１を迅速に交換する必要がある。したがって、条件判定部１００４は、買電の累積費用Ｖ４が規定の条件を満たしたとき、つまり、累積費用Ｖ４が生じた時点ｔ２（時点Ｔ２）をもって蓄電池１１の寿命と判断するように構成されることが好ましい。   When the time t2 (corresponding to the time T2 in FIG. 3C) is selected as the timing for replacing the storage battery 11, it is possible to replace the storage battery 11 while satisfying the constraint that no power purchase occurs in a predetermined time zone. Become. For example, in the case of a consumer whose consumption is satisfied by a distributed power source, the power purchase unit price may be higher than the general price as a penalty when power purchase occurs. It needs to be replaced quickly. Therefore, the condition determination unit 1004 is configured to determine the life of the storage battery 11 when the accumulated cost V4 for power purchase satisfies a prescribed condition, that is, at the time t2 (time T2) when the accumulated cost V4 occurs. It is preferable.

蓄電池１１を交換するタイミングとして、時点ｔ３（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ３に相当）を選択した場合、蓄電池１１の導入によって蓄積された利益が最大であるときに蓄電池１１を交換することになる。つまり、蓄電池１１の導入によって蓄積された利益が蓄電池１１の交換に伴う費用の一部または全部に充当されるから、蓄電池１１の交換費用が低減されることになる。言い換えると、利用者の金銭的な利益が最大化される。ただし、時点ｔ３（時点Ｔ３）は、計測できないから、図３Ｂ，３Ｃに示した導入費用Ｖ１と買電に伴う累積費用Ｖ４とを加算した曲線と仮想線Ｖ３とを用いて予測される。このように条件判定部１００４は、利益が規定の条件を満たしたとき、つまり、利益が最大となった時点ｔ３（時点Ｔ３）をもって蓄電池１１の寿命と判断するように構成されてもよい。   When the time point t3 (corresponding to the time point T3 in FIG. 3C) is selected as the timing for replacing the storage battery 11, the storage battery 11 is replaced when the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery 11 is maximum. That is, since the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery 11 is applied to a part or all of the cost associated with the replacement of the storage battery 11, the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 is reduced. In other words, the user's financial profit is maximized. However, since time t3 (time T3) cannot be measured, the time t3 is predicted using a virtual line V3 and a curve obtained by adding the introduction cost V1 and the accumulated cost V4 accompanying power purchase shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C. As described above, the condition determination unit 1004 may be configured to determine the life of the storage battery 11 when the profit satisfies a prescribed condition, that is, at the time t3 (time T3) when the profit becomes maximum.

蓄電池１１を交換するタイミングとして、時点ｔ４（図３Ｃでは時点Ｔ４に相当）を選択した場合、蓄電池１１の導入によって得られた利益は消滅しているが、蓄電装置１の導入費用Ｖ１は相殺されている。したがって、蓄電池１１を交換することは新規に蓄電池１１を導入する場合と同等であって、利用者にとって損失は生じない。ここで、蓄電装置１の全部を交換するのではなく、蓄電池１１のみの交換であれば、蓄電装置１の導入費用Ｖ１よりも交換費用は低額になる。時点ｔ４（時点Ｔ４）を蓄電池１１の寿命と判断して蓄電池１１を交換する場合、蓄電池１１をもっとも長く使用するから、蓄電池１１の交換に伴う費用の準備期間も長くなり、交換費用を用意しやすくなる。このように条件判定部１００４は、導入費用Ｖ１または交換費用が規定の条件を満たしたとき、つまり、導入費用Ｖ１または交換費用と、累積費用との合計が、利益に一致する時点ｔ４（時点Ｔ４）をもって蓄電池１１の寿命と判断するように構成されてもよい。   When the time t4 (corresponding to the time T4 in FIG. 3C) is selected as the timing for replacing the storage battery 11, the profit obtained by the introduction of the storage battery 11 has disappeared, but the introduction cost V1 of the power storage device 1 is offset. ing. Therefore, the replacement of the storage battery 11 is equivalent to the case of newly introducing the storage battery 11, and no loss occurs for the user. Here, if the entire storage device 1 is not replaced, but only the storage battery 11 is replaced, the replacement cost is lower than the introduction cost V1 of the storage device 1. When replacing the storage battery 11 when the time t4 (time T4) is determined to be the life of the storage battery 11, the storage battery 11 is used for the longest time. It becomes easy. As described above, the condition determination unit 1004 determines that when the introduction cost V1 or the replacement cost satisfies the prescribed condition, that is, the time t4 (time T4 when the sum of the introduction cost V1 or the replacement cost and the accumulated cost matches the profit. ) May be configured to determine the life of the storage battery 11.

蓄電池１１を交換する時点は、上述した３種類の時点のほか、以下の条件が成立した時点としてもよい。すなわち、蓄電装置１の運用開始から買電が発生した時点ｔ２（時点Ｔ２）までの経過日数で蓄電池１１の交換費用を除した値を、１日当たりの蓄電池１１の交換費用Ｖ６とし、買電が発生してからの経過日数をＤｂとして、以下の条件式を定める。
条件式：Ｖ４≧Ｖ６×Ｄｂ
上の条件式が成立する時点は、買電が発生した後に、買電の累積費用Ｖ４が蓄電池１１の交換費用に達した時点であって、この時点を蓄電池１１の寿命と判断することにより、利用者には損失が生じない。ただし、時点ｔ２、ｔ３，ｔ４（時点Ｔ２、Ｔ３、Ｔ４）を用いる方法は、蓄電装置１の導入費用Ｖ１を基準に用いるのに対して、この方法は蓄電池１１の交換費用を基準に用いる点で相違する。The time when the storage battery 11 is replaced may be the time when the following conditions are satisfied in addition to the above-described three types of time. That is, the value obtained by dividing the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 by the number of days elapsed from the start of operation of the power storage device 1 to the time t2 (time T2) when power purchase occurs is defined as the replacement cost V6 of the storage battery 11 per day. The following conditional expression is defined with Db as the number of days since the occurrence.
Conditional expression: V4 ≧ V6 × Db
The time when the above conditional expression is satisfied is the time when the accumulated cost V4 of power purchase reaches the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 after the occurrence of power purchase. By determining this time as the life of the storage battery 11, There is no loss for the user. However, the method using the time points t2, t3, t4 (time points T2, T3, T4) uses the introduction cost V1 of the power storage device 1 as a reference, whereas this method uses the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 as a reference. Is different.

上述のように、本実施形態の条件判定部１００４は、買電の累積費用Ｖ４と、導入費用Ｖ１または交換費用と、利益（積算値Ｖ２）との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに蓄電池１１の寿命と判定するように構成されている。   As described above, the condition determination unit 1004 according to the present embodiment stores the storage battery when at least one of the accumulated cost V4 for power purchase, the introduction cost V1 or the replacement cost, and the profit (integrated value V2) satisfies a specified condition. 11 is determined to have a lifetime.

なお、上述の例は、蓄電池１１の１回目の交換時を想定しているが、蓄電池１１の２回目以降の交換時には、蓄電装置１の導入費用はすでに償却されているから、蓄電装置１の導入費用に代えて蓄電池１１の交換費用を用いればよい。   Note that the above example assumes the first replacement of the storage battery 11, but the introduction cost of the power storage device 1 has already been depreciated when the storage battery 11 is replaced for the second time or later. The replacement cost of the storage battery 11 may be used instead of the introduction cost.

なお、条件判定部１００４における判定の条件として理論値を用いているが、給電路で生じる損失や蓄電池１１の充放電に伴う損失などがあり、温度環境の変化などによる効率の変化もあるから、実使用時には、上述した条件は適宜に補正することが望ましい。   In addition, although the theoretical value is used as the determination condition in the condition determination unit 1004, there is a loss caused in the power supply path, a loss due to charging / discharging of the storage battery 11, etc., and there is a change in efficiency due to a change in temperature environment, etc. In actual use, it is desirable to correct the above-mentioned conditions appropriately.

上述した寿命判定部１００の動作例は、条件判定部１００４が、利用者にとっての金銭上の利益を基準にした条件を用いて蓄電池１１の寿命を判定している。これに対して、蓄電池１１が使用不能になる使用限界まで蓄電池１１を利用しようとする利用者も存在すると考えられる。したがって、寿命判定部１００は、条件判定部１００４によって金銭上の利益を考慮して寿命を判定する条件を定める第１の判定モードと、蓄電池１１の使用限界を寿命と定める第２の判定モードとを選択するモード選択部１００５を備えることが望ましい。   In the operation example of the life determination unit 100 described above, the condition determination unit 1004 determines the life of the storage battery 11 using a condition based on a financial benefit for the user. On the other hand, it is considered that there are users who intend to use the storage battery 11 up to the use limit where the storage battery 11 becomes unusable. Therefore, the life determination unit 100 includes a first determination mode for determining a condition for determining the life in consideration of monetary benefits by the condition determination unit 1004, and a second determination mode for determining a use limit of the storage battery 11 as a life. It is desirable to include a mode selection unit 1005 for selecting.

蓄電池１１の使用限界は、蓄電池１１の満充電容量に基づいて定められる。そのため、モード選択部１００５が設けられるときには、寿命判定部１００に、蓄電池１１の満充電容量を計測する容量計測部１００６が付加される。第２の判定モードが選択されている場合、容量計測部１００６が計測した満充電容量が使用限界（公称容量の５０〜６０％など）と比較され、満充電容量が使用限界に達していれば寿命と判断され、出力部１０３を通して報知信号が出力される。なお、判定モードの選択は、通信Ｉ／Ｆ１０１２に接続される入力装置により行われる。   The use limit of the storage battery 11 is determined based on the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11. Therefore, when the mode selection unit 1005 is provided, a capacity measurement unit 1006 that measures the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 is added to the life determination unit 100. When the second determination mode is selected, the full charge capacity measured by the capacity measuring unit 1006 is compared with the use limit (such as 50 to 60% of the nominal capacity), and if the full charge capacity reaches the use limit It is determined that the service life is reached, and a notification signal is output through the output unit 103. Note that the selection of the determination mode is performed by an input device connected to the communication I / F 1012.

蓄電池１１の満充電容量を計測する技術は種々知られている。たとえば、蓄電池１１が充放電を行っていない期間に既知の電力で蓄電池１１を充電し、蓄電前後の電位差から満充電容量を計測することが可能である。また、上述したように、満充電容量は内部インピーダンスの増加に伴って低下するから、電圧の過渡応答波形を用いて内部インピーダンスを計測し、計測した内部インピーダンスを満充電容量に換算してもよい。内部インピーダンスの計測には、蓄電池１１が充放電を行っていない状態で開放電圧を計測し、その後、蓄電池１１に対する負荷のオンオフを行って過渡応答波形を検出すれば満充電容量が求められる。満充電容量の計測には周知の技術を採用すればよいから詳述しない。   Various techniques for measuring the full charge capacity of the storage battery 11 are known. For example, it is possible to charge the storage battery 11 with known power during a period when the storage battery 11 is not charging / discharging, and to measure the full charge capacity from the potential difference before and after storage. Further, as described above, since the full charge capacity decreases as the internal impedance increases, the internal impedance may be measured using a voltage transient response waveform, and the measured internal impedance may be converted into the full charge capacity. . For measurement of the internal impedance, the full charge capacity is obtained by measuring the open-circuit voltage in a state where the storage battery 11 is not charging / discharging and then turning on / off the load on the storage battery 11 to detect a transient response waveform. Since a well-known technique may be adopted for measuring the full charge capacity, it will not be described in detail.

ところで、蓄電装置１は、導入してから蓄電池１１の交換までの期間が短期でも５年、望ましくは１０年以上であることが要求される。したがって、蓄電池１１の交換費用は、蓄電装置１の導入時よりも低下していることが予想される。そのため、蓄電池１１の交換費用は、交換時期に近付いた時点で与えられることが好ましい。   By the way, the power storage device 1 is required to have a period from introduction to replacement of the storage battery 11 of 5 years, preferably 10 years or more, even in a short period. Therefore, the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 is expected to be lower than when the power storage device 1 is introduced. Therefore, it is preferable that the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 is given when the replacement time approaches.

上述した方法で蓄電池１１の寿命を判断する場合、寿命となる時点を予測可能であるから、予測される時点の所定期間（１ヶ月、１年など）前になった時点で、蓄電池１１の交換費用を取得することが望ましい。蓄電池１１の交換費用を取得するには、寿命前の予備報知信号を出力して、交換時期が迫っていることを利用者に報知し、このとき同時に蓄電池１１の交換費用の入力を促すようにすればよい。あるいはまた、蓄電装置１の提供者が運営する管理装置（サーバなど）とインターネットのような広域網を通して通信可能であれば、管理装置から通信によって蓄電池１１の交換費用を取得してもよい。   When the life of the storage battery 11 is determined by the above-described method, it is possible to predict the time when the storage battery 11 reaches the end of life. It is desirable to get the cost. In order to acquire the replacement cost of the storage battery 11, a preliminary notification signal before the end of life is output to notify the user that the replacement time is approaching, and at the same time, the user is prompted to input the replacement cost of the storage battery 11. do it. Alternatively, if it is possible to communicate with a management device (such as a server) operated by the provider of the power storage device 1 through a wide area network such as the Internet, the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 may be acquired by communication from the management device.

上述した寿命判定部１００の動作例を図４に示す。図示例は、蓄電池１１の交換費用を基準に用いて蓄電池１１の寿命を定める動作例であり、かつモード選択部１００５を備えている場合を示している。蓄電池管理装置１０の動作が開始されると、モード選択部１００５で選択されている判定モードを判断する（Ｓ１１）。モード選択部１０５で第１の判定モードが選択されている場合（Ｓ１１：第１の判定モード）、条件判定部１００４は、１日のうちの所定の時間帯（買電を行わない時間帯）であるか否かを判断する（Ｓ１２）。所定の時間帯であれば（Ｓ１２：Ｙｅｓ）、条件判定部１００４は、通信Ｉ／Ｆ１０１１を通して電力センサＣ１の出力を取得し（Ｓ１３）、取得した電力に基づいて買電の発生の有無を判断する（Ｓ１４）。条件判定部１００４は、買電が発生していない場合（Ｓ１４：Ｎｏ）、ステップＳ１２に戻り、所定の時間帯において買電の発生の有無を継続して監視する。   An example of the operation of the above-described life determination unit 100 is shown in FIG. The illustrated example is an operation example in which the life of the storage battery 11 is determined using the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 as a reference, and the mode selection unit 1005 is provided. When the operation of the storage battery management device 10 is started, the determination mode selected by the mode selection unit 1005 is determined (S11). When the first determination mode is selected by the mode selection unit 105 (S11: first determination mode), the condition determination unit 1004 is a predetermined time zone of one day (a time zone during which no power is purchased). It is determined whether or not (S12). If it is a predetermined time zone (S12: Yes), the condition determination unit 1004 acquires the output of the power sensor C1 through the communication I / F 1011 (S13), and determines whether or not power purchase has occurred based on the acquired power. (S14). When the power purchase has not occurred (S14: No), the condition determination unit 1004 returns to step S12 and continuously monitors whether or not the power purchase has occurred in a predetermined time zone.

一方、買電が生じると（Ｓ１４：Ｙｅｓ）、条件判定部１００４は、電力量記憶部１００２に記憶されている電力量の推移を用いて、蓄電装置１の運用開始から買電の発生時点までの日数を求める。さらに、条件判定部１００４は、データ保持部１００３に保持された蓄電池１１の交換費用を求めた日数で除すことにより、１日当たりの蓄電池１１の交換費用を算出する（Ｓ１５）。   On the other hand, when power purchase occurs (S14: Yes), condition determination unit 1004 uses the transition of the electric energy stored in electric energy storage unit 1002 to start the operation of power storage device 1 until the point of occurrence of electric power purchase. Find the number of days. Furthermore, the condition determination unit 1004 calculates the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 per day by dividing the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 held in the data holding unit 1003 by the calculated number of days (S15).

１日当たりの蓄電池１１の交換費用が算出された後、条件判定部１００４は、内蔵時計１０２が計時する日時により所定の時間帯であるか否かを判断し（Ｓ１６）、所定の時間帯であれば（Ｓ１６：Ｙｅｓ）、電力センサＣ１の出力を取得する（Ｓ１７）。また、内蔵時計１０２が計時する日時により買電が生じた時点からの経過日数Ｄｂを求め、経過日数を１日当たりの蓄電池１１の交換費用Ｖ６に乗じた値を求める。さらに、買電が発生してからの買電の累積費用Ｖ４を求める。ここで、条件式Ｖ４≧Ｖ６×Ｄｂが成立するまでは（Ｓ１８：Ｎｏ）、ステップＳ１６に戻り、所定の時間帯における条件式の成立を継続して監視する。ステップＳ１８において、上記条件式が成立すると（Ｓ１８：Ｙｅｓ）、条件判定部１００４は、蓄電池１１が寿命になったと判断し、出力部１０３から報知信号を出力させる（Ｓ１９）。   After the replacement cost of the storage battery 11 per day is calculated, the condition determination unit 1004 determines whether or not it is a predetermined time zone according to the date and time counted by the built-in clock 102 (S16). If (S16: Yes), the output of the power sensor C1 is acquired (S17). Further, an elapsed day number Db from the time when power purchase occurs is obtained from the date and time counted by the built-in clock 102, and a value obtained by multiplying the elapsed day number by the replacement cost V6 of the storage battery 11 per day is obtained. Furthermore, the accumulated cost V4 of the power purchase after the power purchase occurs is obtained. Here, until the conditional expression V4 ≧ V6 × Db is satisfied (S18: No), the process returns to step S16, and the formation of the conditional expression in a predetermined time zone is continuously monitored. In step S18, when the above conditional expression is satisfied (S18: Yes), the condition determination unit 1004 determines that the storage battery 11 has reached the end of life, and causes the output unit 103 to output a notification signal (S19).

一方、モード選択部１０５で第２のモードが選択されている場合（Ｓ１１：第２の判定モード）、容量計測部１００５が満充電容量を計測する（Ｓ２１）。計測された満充電容量は使用限界と比較され（Ｓ２２）。満充電容量が使用限界に達していれば（Ｓ２２：Ｙｅｓ）、蓄電池１１が寿命に達したと判断され、出力部１０３から報知信号が出力される（Ｓ２３）。   On the other hand, when the second mode is selected by the mode selection unit 105 (S11: second determination mode), the capacity measurement unit 1005 measures the full charge capacity (S21). The measured full charge capacity is compared with the use limit (S22). If the full charge capacity has reached the use limit (S22: Yes), it is determined that the storage battery 11 has reached the end of its life, and a notification signal is output from the output unit 103 (S23).

図４に示す動作例はモード選択部１００５によって判定モードが選択可能になっているが、モード選択部１００５が不要であれば、寿命判定部１００は、ステップＳ１２〜Ｓ１９の動作のみを行えばよい。   In the operation example shown in FIG. 4, the determination mode can be selected by the mode selection unit 1005. However, if the mode selection unit 1005 is unnecessary, the life determination unit 100 only needs to perform the operations of steps S12 to S19. .

出力部１０３から出力された報知信号は外部装置に送信され、外部装置によって蓄電池１１の寿命が報知される。この構成に代えて、出力部１０３が報知信号によって蓄電池１１の寿命を報知する報知機能を備えていてもよい。この種の報知は、報知灯の点灯による視覚的報知、あるいは報知音による聴覚的報知の少なくとも一方が採用される。また、報知信号は、蓄電池１１の寿命を報知するメッセージを含んでいてもよい。この場合、ドットマトリクス型の表示器に蓄電池１１の寿命を表す文字や図形を表示したり、音声で蓄電池１１の寿命を示すメッセージを出力することにより、メッセージが提示される。   The notification signal output from the output unit 103 is transmitted to the external device, and the external device notifies the life of the storage battery 11. Instead of this configuration, the output unit 103 may have a notification function of notifying the life of the storage battery 11 by a notification signal. For this type of notification, at least one of visual notification by turning on a notification lamp or auditory notification by a notification sound is employed. Further, the notification signal may include a message for notifying the life of the storage battery 11. In this case, a message is presented by displaying characters or figures indicating the life of the storage battery 11 on a dot matrix type display or by outputting a message indicating the life of the storage battery 11 by voice.

本実施形態で説明した技術を採用することにより、第１の判定モードが選択されていれば、満充電容量を計測することなく蓄電池１１の寿命を判断することが可能になる。また、蓄電池１１の寿命を、利用者にとっての金銭的な利益を基準にして定めているから、高価な蓄電装置１を導入する動機付けがなされ、ひいては蓄電装置１の普及を促進する効果が期待できる。   By employing the technology described in the present embodiment, it is possible to determine the life of the storage battery 11 without measuring the full charge capacity if the first determination mode is selected. In addition, since the life of the storage battery 11 is determined based on the monetary profit for the user, it is motivated to introduce an expensive power storage device 1 and, as a result, an effect of promoting the spread of the power storage device 1 is expected. it can.

なお、出力部１０３は、報知信号や予備報知信号を必ずしも利用者への通知に用いる必要はなく、蓄電装置１の管理が委託されている管理会社が運営する外部装置に対して、通信により報知信号や予備報知信号を通知してもよい。この場合、管理会社において蓄電池１１の寿命を管理するから、管理会社は利用者の利用状況に適した蓄電池１１を推奨することが可能になる。   Note that the output unit 103 does not necessarily use the notification signal or the preliminary notification signal for notification to the user, and notifies the external device operated by the management company entrusted with the management of the power storage device 1 by communication. A signal or a preliminary notification signal may be notified. In this case, since the management company manages the life of the storage battery 11, the management company can recommend the storage battery 11 suitable for the use situation of the user.

蓄電池管理装置１０の通信Ｉ／Ｆ１０１２に接続する入力装置や出力装置は、蓄電池管理装置１０に付設してもよく、また蓄電池管理装置１０とは分離して設けてもよい。前者の装置は、液晶表示器、スイッチ群、タッチパネルなどから選択され、後者の装置は、パーソナルコンピュータ、タブレット端末、スマートフォンなどから選択される。   The input device or output device connected to the communication I / F 1012 of the storage battery management device 10 may be attached to the storage battery management device 10 or may be provided separately from the storage battery management device 10. The former device is selected from a liquid crystal display, a switch group, a touch panel, and the like, and the latter device is selected from a personal computer, a tablet terminal, a smartphone, and the like.

また、上述した実施形態では、蓄電池管理装置１０が蓄電池パワコン１２に組み込まれているが、蓄電池管理装置１０は蓄電池パワコン１２とは別に設けられていてもよい。たとえば、住宅におけるエネルギーの利用を統括して管理するエネルギー管理装置に上述した機能を付加することによって、蓄電池１１を管理してもよい。   In the embodiment described above, the storage battery management device 10 is incorporated in the storage battery power conditioner 12, but the storage battery management device 10 may be provided separately from the storage battery power conditioner 12. For example, you may manage the storage battery 11 by adding the function mentioned above to the energy management apparatus which manages the utilization of the energy in a house.

本発明を幾つかの好ましい実施形態について記述したが、この発明の本来の精神および範囲、即ち請求の範囲を逸脱することなく、当業者によって様々な修正および変形が可能である。   While the invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention, ie, the claims.

Claims (6)

商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置であって、
前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する条件判定部と、
前記条件判定部において前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力する出力部とを備える
ことを特徴とする蓄電池管理装置。A storage battery management device for managing the life of a storage battery, which is installed in a consumer of a commercial power supply and used for the purpose of reducing power supply from the commercial power supply to the load equipment by supplying power to the load equipment during a predetermined period. There,
Using the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the cumulative cost associated with power purchase caused by the deterioration of the storage battery, the cumulative cost and the introduction cost or A condition determination unit that determines the life of the storage battery when at least one of the replacement cost and the profit satisfies a specified condition;
An output unit that outputs a notification signal when the condition determining unit determines that the storage battery has reached the end of its life. 前記蓄電池の初期状態における満充電容量は、所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められており、
前記条件判定部は、前記蓄電池が導入されてから買電の電力を監視する電力センサが買電の発生を検出するまでの日数で前記蓄電池の交換費用を除した値を前記蓄電池の１日当たりの交換費用として算出し、前記電力センサが買電の発生を検出した後の前記累積費用が、買電の発生が検出されてから後の経過日数と前記蓄電池の１日当たりの交換費用との積に達した時点を前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の蓄電池管理装置。The full charge capacity in the initial state of the storage battery is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone,
The condition determination unit calculates a value obtained by dividing a replacement cost of the storage battery by a number of days from when the storage battery is introduced until a power sensor that monitors the purchased power detects the occurrence of the purchase of power. Calculated as a replacement cost, and the accumulated cost after the power sensor detects the occurrence of power purchase is the product of the number of days elapsed since the occurrence of power purchase and the replacement cost per day of the storage battery The storage battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the time when the storage battery reaches is determined as the life of the storage battery. 前記蓄電池の初期状態における満充電容量は、所定の時間帯において買電が発生しないように定められており、
前記条件判定部は、買電の電力を監視する電力センサが買電の発生を検出した時点の後であって、前記累積費用と前記導入費用との合計が前記利益を下回らない期間において、買電の発生を検出した時点と、前記利益が最大になる時点と、前記累積費用と前記導入費用との合計が前記利益に一致する時点とのいずれかを、前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の蓄電池管理装置。The full charge capacity in the initial state of the storage battery is determined so that power purchase does not occur in a predetermined time zone,
The condition judgment unit is after the point in time when the power sensor that monitors the power of power purchase detects the occurrence of power purchase, and in a period when the sum of the accumulated cost and the introduction cost is not less than the profit. It is determined that the life of the storage battery is any one of the time when the generation of electricity is detected, the time when the profit is maximized, and the time when the sum of the accumulated cost and the introduction cost matches the profit. The storage battery management device according to claim 1, wherein: 前記蓄電池の寿命を判定する条件を選択するモード選択部と、
前記蓄電池の満充電容量を計測する容量計測部とをさらに備え、
前記モード選択部は、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する第１の判定モードと、前記容量計測部が計測した満充電容量が規定の使用限界に達したことを前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する第２の判定モードとから選択することが可能である
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の蓄電池管理装置。A mode selection unit for selecting a condition for determining the life of the storage battery;
A capacity measuring unit that measures the full charge capacity of the storage battery;
The mode selection unit includes a first determination mode for determining a life of the storage battery when at least one of the accumulated cost, the introduction cost or the replacement cost, and the profit satisfies a specified condition, and the capacity It is possible to select from the 2nd judgment mode which judges that the full charge capacity which the measurement part measured reached the regulation use limit as the life of the above-mentioned storage battery. The storage battery management apparatus of any one of Claims. 商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置における蓄電池管理方法であって、
前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定し、
前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力する
ことを特徴とする蓄電池管理方法。In a storage battery management device for managing the life of a storage battery, which is installed in a consumer of commercial power supply and used for the purpose of reducing power supply from the commercial power supply to the load device by supplying power to the load device in a predetermined period A storage battery management method,
Using the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the cumulative cost associated with power purchase caused by the deterioration of the storage battery, the cumulative cost and the introduction cost or When at least one of the replacement cost and the profit satisfies a specified condition, the life of the storage battery is determined,
A storage battery management method, comprising: outputting a notification signal when it is determined that the storage battery has reached the end of its life. コンピュータを、
商用電源の需要家に設置され所定期間において負荷機器に電力を供給することにより商用電源から前記負荷機器への給電を低減させる目的で用いられる蓄電池に関して、当該蓄電池の寿命を管理する蓄電池管理装置であって、
前記蓄電池の導入により蓄積された利益と、前記蓄電池の導入費用または前記蓄電池の交換費用と、前記蓄電池の劣化により生じた買電に伴う累積費用とを用い、前記累積費用と、前記導入費用または前記交換費用と、前記利益との少なくとも１つが規定の条件を満たすときに前記蓄電池の寿命と判定する条件判定部と、
前記条件判定部において前記蓄電池が寿命に達したと判定されると報知信号を出力する出力部とを備える
蓄電池管理装置として機能させるプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体。Computer
A storage battery management device for managing the life of a storage battery, which is installed in a consumer of a commercial power supply and used for the purpose of reducing power supply from the commercial power supply to the load equipment by supplying power to the load equipment during a predetermined period. There,
Using the profit accumulated by the introduction of the storage battery, the introduction cost of the storage battery or the replacement cost of the storage battery, and the cumulative cost associated with power purchase caused by the deterioration of the storage battery, the cumulative cost and the introduction cost or A condition determination unit that determines the life of the storage battery when at least one of the replacement cost and the profit satisfies a specified condition;
A storage medium storing a program that functions as a storage battery management device, comprising: an output unit that outputs a notification signal when the condition determination unit determines that the storage battery has reached the end of its life.
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