JPWO2013125171A1 - Intra prediction mode determination device, intra prediction mode determination method, and intra prediction mode determination program - Google Patents

Abstract

It reduces the problem that a specific coding noise pattern appears as a pattern attached to a specific portion of an image, and realizes a good subjective image quality. The intra-prediction mode determination device predicts a pixel value in each of a plurality of intra-prediction modes using an encoded pixel in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing the encoding target image by a predetermined size. Corresponding to each of a prediction image generation unit that generates a plurality of prediction images, a difference image cost calculation unit that calculates an error amount cost between the encoding target block and each of the plurality of prediction images, and a plurality of intra prediction modes. An offset cost determination unit that determines an offset cost that changes depending on the progress of the image frame, a cost calculation unit that calculates an evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using the error amount cost and the offset cost, and an evaluation cost A mode selection unit that selects an intra prediction mode based on the mode selection unit.

Description

  The present invention relates to an intra prediction mode determination device, an intra prediction mode determination method, and an intra prediction mode determination program storage medium that can improve the subjective image quality of an encoding result, and particularly to a decrease in image quality caused by selection of an intra prediction mode. The present invention relates to a corresponding intra prediction mode determination device, intra prediction mode determination method, and intra prediction mode determination program storage medium.

  In recent years, moving image compression coding technology has been widely used, and is used in a wide range of applications such as digital broadcasting, video content distribution using an optical disc, and video distribution via the Internet.

  Video encoding technology that generates encoded data by encoding video signals with a low bit rate, high compression rate, and high image quality, and that decodes encoded video images, has been developed by various international organizations. It is standardized as a standard and widely used. For example, ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 261, H.H. H.263 is standardized. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standardizes MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and the like. SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) standardizes VC-1 and the like. Furthermore, ITU and ISO will jointly H.264 / MPEG-4AVC was standardized. H. The standard content of H.264 / MPEG-4AVC is described in Non-Patent Document 1. Hereinafter, H.C. H.264 / MPEG-4AVC is simply referred to as “H.264”.

  H. H.264 is known to be able to realize further improvement in compression efficiency and image quality as compared with the previous moving image encoding technology. H. In H.264, various encoding tools are employed as elemental technologies for encoding in order to realize higher compression efficiency than the previous moving image encoding technology. One of the encoding tools is “intra prediction”. Intra-prediction is prediction that uses pixel information in the vicinity of the same image frame when encoding a certain image region, and is a technique that can perform significant information compression. That is, in intra prediction, a prediction image of an image region to be encoded is generated using pixel information in the vicinity of the same image frame. “Neighborhood” here means that the spatial distance from the image region to be encoded is within a predetermined value. As described later, specific pixel positions in the vicinity are defined for each of a plurality of types of intra prediction modes. Then, difference information between the generated predicted image and the current image is encoded. Intra prediction is also referred to as “intra-screen prediction” or “intra-frame prediction” because it performs prediction using pixel information of the same image frame.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of a moving picture encoding apparatus that generates an intra-encoded frame (I frame) by performing encoding using an intra-prediction method defined in H.264. When a new image is input to the moving image encoding apparatus, encoding processing is performed in units of 16 × 16 pixel blocks called macro blocks (Macro Block (MB)).

  The intra prediction mode determination apparatus 100 selects an appropriate intra prediction mode using the input image and image information of the encoded macroblock in the same image, and outputs intra prediction mode information indicating the selected mode. The intra prediction mode determination unit 100 generally selects an intra prediction mode that provides the highest coding efficiency.

  In an intra prediction (IP) unit 101, image information of an encoded macroblock in the same image supplied from the adder unit 108 and intra prediction mode information supplied from the intra prediction mode determination apparatus 100 are used. An intra prediction process is performed and an intra prediction image is output.

  The subtraction unit 102 subtracts the intra prediction image output from the intra prediction unit 101 from the input image, and outputs a prediction error image. An integer transform (DIT: Discrete Integer Transform) unit 103 performs orthogonal transformation processing similar to DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) on the prediction error image, and further, a quantization (Q: Quantize) unit 104 performs quantization processing. The quantized orthogonal transform coefficient sequence is output.

  A variable-length coding (VLC :) variable section 105 encodes the quantized orthogonal transform coefficient sequence according to a predetermined rule, and outputs a bit stream as a coding result. This bit stream is H.264. This is an output bit stream of an H.264 encoding device.

  In addition, an inverse quantization (IQ) unit 106 performs inverse quantization processing and an inverse integer transform (IDIT) unit 107 performs inverse integer conversion processing on the quantized orthogonal transform coefficient sequence. I do. The orthogonal transform coefficient sequence subjected to the inverse quantization and the inverse integer transform is added to the predicted image output from the intra prediction unit 101 by the adding unit 108, and the image information of the coded macroblock in the same image described above. It becomes. Further, the deblock filter unit 109 performs deblock filter processing to generate a local decoded image. The local decoded image is stored in the frame buffer 110 and used for encoding the subsequent frame. Specific processing contents are disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, for example.

  Intra prediction is a method for generating a predicted image by utilizing the property of an image that there are many similarities in patterns at spatially close positions in an image of the same frame. Therefore, an appropriate intra prediction method varies depending on the pattern of the image to be encoded. Therefore, H.H. In H.264, 4 modes are defined for the 16 × 16 pixel size of the luminance component, 9 modes for the 8 × 8 pixel size, 9 mode for the 4 × 4 pixel size, and 4 modes for the color difference component.

  FIG. 2 shows an operation for generating an intra-predicted image in the intra-prediction mode with the 4 × 4 pixel block of the luminance component. For example, in mode 0 (vertical), encoded pixels A, B, C, and D adjacent to the upper side of the 4 × 4 block to be encoded are used, and the luminance components of these pixels are copied in the vertical direction. An intra-predicted image is generated. For example, in mode 4 (diagonal down right), encoded pixels A, B, C, D, I, J, K, L, and M adjacent to the upper side and the left side of the 4 × 4 block to be encoded are displayed. Used. Then, while the smoothing filter is applied to these adjacent pixels, the luminance component is extended in a diagonally 45 degree direction in the lower right direction, and an intra predicted image is generated. In mode 2 (DC), the average value of the luminance components of the encoded pixels adjacent on the upper and left sides of the 4 × 4 block to be encoded is used as the luminance component of the intra-predicted image. The details of these processes and the contents of intra prediction processes in blocks of other sizes are disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.

  As described above, in modes 0, 2, and 4, “adjacent pixels” are used. In addition, in modes 1, 5, and 6, pixels adjacent to the predicted image are used. However, as shown in FIG. 2, in modes 3, 7, and 8, "non-adjacent pixels" are used in addition to adjacent pixels. For example, in mode 3, the pixels E, F, G, and H are not adjacent to the predicted image. However, these pixels are also “neighboring pixels” in the sense that they are located at a distance within a certain range from the predicted image. Whether only “adjacent pixels” or “neighboring pixels” are used to generate a predicted image is described in H.264. The exact distinction is not important to the present invention. Therefore, in this specification, “neighboring” including “adjacent” is expressed unless particularly necessary.

  In the intra prediction mode determination apparatus 100, an appropriate mode is selected from the above intra prediction modes. Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for determining an appropriate intra prediction mode based on the concept of rate distortion optimization. In this technique, the cost represented by the following equation (1) is calculated for each intra prediction mode, and the intra prediction mode that minimizes the cost value is selected.

Cost = D + λR (1)
Here, D is the error amount of the prediction error image. As the error amount of the prediction error image, SATD (Sum of Absolute Transformed Differences), SSD (Sum of Squared Differences) (Sum of Squared Differences) (sum of squares of pixel values of prediction error image), etc. Is used.

  R is the number of bits required for encoding mode information. H. H.264 defines two types of encoding methods for encoding mode information for intra prediction. One is a method of encoding the mode number as it is, and the other is a method of encoding the information of the difference from the prediction mode number by predicting the intra prediction mode from the intra prediction modes of neighboring blocks. . Therefore, the number of bits required to encode each mode information is calculated according to the encoding method of the selected mode.

  λ is a weighting coefficient determined by the quantization step size and the like.

  Since Cost is a value used for evaluating the cost of each intra prediction mode, it is hereinafter referred to as “evaluation cost”.

  FIG. 3 shows an internal configuration example of the intra prediction mode determination unit 100. The image input unit 300 inputs an image block to be encoded. The neighboring image storage unit 301 stores a coded image at a position near the coding target block. The neighborhood prediction mode storage unit 302 stores intra prediction mode information in an image block near the encoding target block.

  The prediction image generation unit 303, the difference image cost calculation unit 304, the mode information encoding cost calculation unit 305, and the cost calculation unit 306 perform processing corresponding to each of a plurality of intra prediction modes to be selected.

  The predicted image generation unit 303 performs intra prediction processing in a predetermined intra prediction mode using the neighboring image data supplied from the neighboring image storage unit 301, and generates a predicted image. The difference image cost calculation unit 304 calculates a difference image between the encoding target image supplied from the image input unit 300 and the prediction image supplied from the prediction image generation unit 303, and the prediction that is D in Expression (1). The error amount of the error image is calculated.

  The mode information encoding cost calculation unit 305 is necessary for encoding predetermined intra prediction mode information, which is R in Expression (1), based on the neighboring intra prediction mode information supplied from the neighborhood prediction mode storage unit 302. Calculate the number of bits.

  The cost calculation unit 306 calculates the evaluation cost Cost of Expression (1) by performing weighted addition of D and R according to Expression (1). The mode selection unit 307 compares the evaluation costs corresponding to each of the plurality of intra prediction modes, and outputs the intra prediction mode that minimizes the evaluation cost as an appropriate intra prediction mode.

  According to such an intra prediction mode determination technique, the same intra prediction mode is easily selected for input images with similar patterns. In particular, an intra prediction mode (0, 1, 2, etc.) with a small mode number tends to be easily selected because R in Expression (1) is often small. Further, since the mode is selected in consideration of not only the error amount of the prediction error image but also R as in Expression (1), the mode that minimizes the prediction error amount is not necessarily selected. For this reason, depending on the magnitude of λ, even in a mode in which the similarity between the input image and the predicted image is not so high, a mode in which R is smaller may be preferentially selected.

  When intra prediction is used, encoding noise having specific properties may be generated in the encoded image. As shown in FIG. 2, since the pixel information is copied in a specific direction, the predicted image generated using intra prediction becomes a striped image in that direction (except for mode 2). For this reason, when the information of the prediction error image cannot be encoded sufficiently accurately due to the restriction of the encoding bit rate, etc., a stripe pattern of the prediction image remains to some extent in the image of the encoding result.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of the selected intra prediction mode and the tendency of coding noise generated by intra prediction. Each square in FIG. 4 represents one intra prediction block. When an intra prediction mode as shown in FIG. 4 is selected for a certain image, striped coding noise in the direction corresponding to the mode applied in the intra prediction of each block is generated in the image of the coding result. Tend to. In FIG. 4, the coding noise is particularly emphasized in order to explain the tendency of the noise. However, such a clear coding noise does not always appear.

  Since this coding noise is a striped artificial pattern, it is easy for viewers to worry when watching a moving image.

  In addition, a different noise pattern may appear between temporally continuous images, and in such a case, it appears as flicker. A technique for reducing flicker caused by the intra prediction is disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the technique of Patent Literature 1, in the intra prediction mode determination, in addition to the evaluation cost shown in Expression (1), the difference amount between the local decoded image and the past local decoded image at the same position as the local decoded image when each intra prediction is used is also calculated. Be considered. That is, the intra prediction mode that minimizes the linear sum of the difference between the evaluation cost and the past local decoded image is selected. Flicker, which is flickering in the time direction, is suppressed by selecting the intra prediction mode in which the prediction error in the spatial direction and the prediction error in the time direction are reduced within the same frame screen.

  Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 also disclose a technique for calculating an evaluation cost using Expression (1) and selecting a prediction mode that minimizes the evaluation cost.

Japanese Patent No. 4383240 JP 2007-81474 A JP 2007-243337 A JP 2010-251952 A

ITU-T Recommendation H.264 "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services", March 2010 Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO / IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, Document JVT-O079, "Text Description of Joint Mode Reference Encoding Method and Decoding Concealment Method", April 2005

  An example of the temporal change in the coding noise pattern generated by the intra prediction mode determination is shown in FIG.

  As described above, the same intra prediction mode tends to be easily selected for input images with similar patterns. Therefore, when the images of a plurality of input image frames that are continuous in the time direction are similar, the intra prediction mode to be selected is also selected as a temporally similar prediction mode as shown in FIG. There is a case. The encoding noise pattern by intra prediction becomes striped according to the prediction direction of the selected intra prediction mode. Therefore, the encoding noise pattern in the case where similar prediction modes are selected continuously tends to generate similar patterns in time as in the example of FIG. Such a noise pattern forms a specific artificial geometric pattern as a whole and is generated over a plurality of frames at a specific position in the image. Therefore, when viewed as a moving image, it appears as a pattern attached to a specific part of the image, and the subjective image quality is greatly reduced.

  This phenomenon is conspicuous when I frames are continuous, and is particularly problematic when all frames are encoded as I frames. For example, when a smooth gradation pattern region such as a blue sky or a wall is continuously encoded as an I frame, a pseudo contour appears in which a pattern that originally changes smoothly due to the encoded noise pattern changes stepwise. Since the pseudo contour is continuous over a plurality of frames, reproduction as an image after decoding results in reproduction of an image in which the pseudo contour is attached to a blue sky or a wall.

  Further, this technique cannot be solved even by the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the technique of Patent Document 1, an intra prediction mode in which the prediction error in the screen and in the time direction is reduced is selected using the evaluation cost of equation (1). For this reason, the intra prediction mode in which the difference in the predicted image is small between temporally consecutive frames, that is, the same intra prediction mode is more likely to be continuously selected.

  In the technique of Patent Document 2, the prediction mode is similarly determined using the evaluation cost of equation (1). However, the problem that the same coding mode is likely to be applied to temporally consecutive frames is not taken into consideration. Therefore, there is a high possibility that a striped noise pattern is generated.

  In the technique of Patent Document 3, weighting is introduced to calculate the evaluation cost (see Expression (2) of Patent Document 3). However, the weighting does not change the degree of influence of the error amount D of the prediction error image on the evaluation cost, but is a weighting for the coefficient DIFF using only the pixels of the input image. Thus, the problem that the same coding mode is likely to be applied to temporally continuous frames is not taken into consideration. Therefore, there is a high possibility that a striped noise pattern is generated. The evaluation cost obtained by equation (2) has a different meaning from the evaluation cost of equation (1). Therefore, in the first place, the effect of reducing the error of the predicted image cannot be expected.

  In the technique of Patent Document 4, the prediction mode is determined using the evaluation cost of the expression (1), and further, an offset with respect to D ("SA (T) D" in Patent Document 4) is "SA (T ) D0 ") is also introduced. However, the problem that the same coding mode is likely to be applied to temporally consecutive frames is not taken into consideration. Therefore, there is a high possibility that a striped noise pattern is generated.

As described above, in the techniques of Patent Literatures 1-4, since the same encoding mode is likely to be applied to temporally continuous frames, there is a high possibility that a striped noise pattern is generated. There is.
(Object of invention)
An object of the present invention is to reduce the problem that a specific coding noise pattern appears as a pattern attached to a specific portion of an image, and to achieve an excellent prediction image quality, an intra prediction mode determination device, an intra prediction mode determination method, and an intra To provide a prediction mode determination program storage medium.

  The intra prediction mode determination apparatus according to the present invention predicts a pixel value in each of a plurality of intra prediction modes using a predetermined range of encoded pixels from an encoding target block obtained by dividing an encoding target image by a predetermined size. A prediction image generation unit that generates a plurality of prediction images, a difference image cost calculation unit that calculates an error amount cost between the encoding target block and each of the plurality of prediction images, and a plurality of intra prediction modes. Corresponding offset cost determination unit that determines an offset cost that changes depending on the progress of the image frame, a cost calculation unit that calculates an evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using the error amount cost and the offset cost, and an evaluation A mode selection unit that selects an intra prediction mode based on cost.

  In the intra prediction mode determination method of the present invention, a pixel of an encoding target block in a plurality of intra prediction modes using an encoded pixel in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing the encoding target image by a predetermined size. Offset value that predicts the value, generates a predicted image, calculates the error amount cost between the encoding target block and the predicted image, and corresponds to each of a plurality of intra prediction modes, and changes depending on the progress of the image frame In addition, the evaluation cost is calculated by performing a predetermined calculation using the error amount cost and the intra prediction mode is selected based on the mode cost.

  The intra prediction mode determination program storage medium of the present invention uses a computer included in an intra prediction mode determination apparatus using encoded pixels in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing an encoding target image by a predetermined size, A prediction image generation unit that predicts the pixel value of the encoding target block in a plurality of intra prediction modes and generates a prediction image; a differential image cost calculation unit that calculates an error amount cost between the encoding target block and the prediction image; An evaluation cost calculating means for calculating an evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using an offset cost and an error amount cost corresponding to each of a plurality of intra prediction modes and changing depending on the progress of an image frame; and a mode cost A program is stored for functioning as mode selection means for selecting an intra prediction mode based on the above.

  The intra prediction mode determination apparatus, the intra prediction mode determination method, and the intra prediction mode determination program storage medium of the present invention reduce the problem that a specific coding noise pattern appears as a pattern attached to a specific portion of an image, and result of encoding Can improve the subjective image quality.

  The reason is that for the same prediction mode as the intra prediction mode of the past frame, by setting an offset cost to the cost at the time of determining the intra prediction mode, the frequency of selecting the same intra prediction mode continuously in time is set. This is because it can be lowered.

H. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a moving image encoding apparatus that generates an H.264 intra-coded frame (I frame). It is a figure which shows the production | generation operation | movement of the intra estimated image of the intra prediction mode in the 4 * 4 pixel block of a luminance component. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of a structure of an intra prediction mode determination part. It is a figure which shows an example of the tendency of the encoding noise which generate | occur | produces by intra prediction. It is a figure which shows an example of the mode of the time change of the encoding noise pattern which generate | occur | produces by intra prediction mode determination. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the intra prediction mode determination part in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the offset cost setting in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the mode of the time change of the encoding noise pattern generate | occur | produced by the intra prediction mode determination of 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the minimum structure of the intra prediction mode determination part in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the prediction direction of 4 * 4 pixel size intra prediction. It is a figure which shows the example of the offset cost setting in 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the intra prediction mode determination part in 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the offset cost setting in 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows another example of the offset cost setting in 3rd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the intra prediction mode determination part in 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the intra prediction mode determination program of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the moving image encoder which performs intra prediction mode determination of this invention.

(First embodiment)
Next, the best mode for carrying out the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the following equation (2) is used instead of equation (1) as the cost function used for intra prediction mode selection.

Cost = D + D_offset + λ (R + R_offset) (2)
Here, D_offset and R_offset are predetermined offset costs that differ for each intra prediction mode.

  D_offset and R_offset are set to a value of 0 or more for the intra prediction modes of blocks that are temporally adjacent. However, when one of D_offset and R_offset is set to 0, the other is set to a value larger than 0. The values of D_offset and R_offset are stored in a predetermined storage device (not shown) as table format data in association with the current prediction mode, for example. And it reads from the below-mentioned offset cost determination part 602, and is used for cost determination. This storage device may be provided in the offset cost determination unit 602.

  FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the intra prediction mode determination unit of the first embodiment. Constituent elements common to the intra prediction mode determination unit in FIG. 3 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG.

  The intra prediction mode determination unit in FIG. 6 newly includes a past prediction mode storage unit 601, an offset cost determination unit 602, and a cost calculation unit 603 in addition to the configuration in FIG.

  The past prediction mode storage unit 601 stores the intra prediction mode information of each image block of a frame that has been encoded. That is, the mode information of the intra prediction mode of the past frame, that is, the mode information of the past prediction mode is stored.

  The offset cost determination unit 602 determines offset costs that are D_offset and R_offset in Expression (2) based on the intra prediction mode information of the past frame supplied from the past prediction mode storage unit 601.

  The cost calculation unit 603 performs weighted addition of D, R, D_offset, and R_offset according to Equation (2) to calculate Cost of Equation (2). And the mode selection part 307 compares Cost corresponding to each of several intra prediction mode, and outputs the intra prediction mode in which it becomes the minimum as an appropriate intra prediction mode.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of D_offset and R_offset settings given when determining the intra prediction mode of the encoding target image. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the intra prediction mode of the image block at the same position of the immediately preceding image frame, that is, the past frame closest in time (hereinafter simply referred to as “past frame”) is 1. . Thus, positive D_offset and R_offset are set for the same prediction mode as the intra prediction mode of the past frame. Hereinafter, the intra prediction mode selected in the past frame is simply referred to as “past prediction mode”.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of intra prediction mode selection in the first embodiment and a noise pattern associated therewith. Of the arrows indicating the intra prediction modes shown in the left column, the arrows different from the example shown in FIG. 5 are indicated by thick arrows. In the present embodiment, since a positive offset cost is set for the same prediction mode as the past prediction mode, the cost calculated by Expression (2) is large for the same prediction mode. Therefore, the frequency with which the same intra prediction mode is selected continuously in time decreases. As a result, even when the patterns of the input images are similar, different intra prediction modes are easily selected. As a result, the pattern of encoding noise generated in the image of the encoding result also changes with time as shown in FIG. Thereby, the problem that a specific encoding noise pattern continues temporally becomes difficult to occur.

  In FIG. 6, calculation of the evaluation cost for each intra prediction mode is performed individually and in parallel. However, the calculation of the evaluation cost in all intra prediction modes can be performed using a common apparatus by a method such as processing in a time division manner. Therefore, the intra prediction mode determination unit including only essential blocks in the present embodiment is as illustrated in the block diagram of FIG.

  Note that the offset cost may be set not only for the immediately preceding frame but also for the past frame within a predetermined period. For example, for the past two frames, a large offset cost may be set when the same intra prediction mode is selected continuously, and a small offset cost may be set when a different intra prediction mode is selected.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the frequency of selecting the same intra prediction mode continuously in time decreases. Therefore, according to the intra prediction determination method of the first embodiment, the problem that the coding noise pattern of an artificial geometric pattern appears as a pattern attached to a specific portion of the image is reduced, and the subjective result of the coding result is reduced. Image quality can be improved.

As understood from the above description, the offset cost used in the present embodiment is introduced in order to reduce the frequency with which the same intra prediction mode is continuously selected. Therefore, the offset cost is not limited to that depending on the past prediction mode. That is, the offset cost can be used as long as it varies depending on the progress of the image frame. However, it is not required until the offset cost always changes for each frame. In the following embodiments, examples of setting various offset costs will be shown.
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The configuration of the intra prediction mode determination unit of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows the prediction direction of 4 × 4 pixel size intra prediction.

  As described above, the eight prediction modes except mode 2 (DC) are modes for generating predicted images along eight directions that are different by 22.5 degrees. Here, coding noises appearing in the coding result even in different prediction modes in modes with close prediction directions, for example, 1 (horizontal) and 6 (horizontal down) or 1 (horizontal) and 8 (horizontal up). The pattern may be relatively similar.

  Therefore, in the second embodiment, positive offset costs D_offset and R_offset are set for a prediction mode having a prediction direction similar to the past prediction mode in addition to the same prediction mode as the past prediction mode.

  FIG. 11 shows examples of D_offset and R_offset settings when the past prediction mode is 1 and 3. Thus, in addition to the same prediction mode as the past prediction mode, a positive offset cost is set for a prediction mode that uses a direction adjacent to the prediction direction in the past prediction mode. With such a setting, it is possible to reduce the frequency of occurrence of a phenomenon in which relatively similar coding noise patterns appear continuously.

  Note that the values of D_offset and R_offset are set in association with the past prediction mode and the current prediction mode, and stored in a predetermined storage device (not shown). And it reads from the below-mentioned offset cost determination part 602, and is used for cost determination. This storage device may be provided in the offset cost determination unit 602.

  In the example of FIG. 11, in addition to the same prediction mode as the past prediction mode, a positive offset is set only for the prediction mode that uses a direction adjacent to the prediction direction in the past prediction mode. Furthermore, a positive offset may also be set in a direction adjacent to the side opposite to the prediction direction in the past prediction mode. That is, offsets may be set in a plurality of prediction directions in order from the direction adjacent to the prediction direction in the past prediction mode. At this time, the set offset value may be set to be smaller as the prediction direction is away from the prediction direction in the past prediction mode.

As described above, according to the second embodiment, a positive offset cost is set for a prediction mode that uses the same prediction mode as the past prediction mode and a direction adjacent to the prediction direction in the past prediction mode. As a result, a phenomenon in which a similar coding noise pattern appears is reduced. Therefore, the problem that the coding noise pattern of the artificial geometric pattern is seen as a pattern stuck on a specific portion of the image is further reduced, and the subjective image quality of the coding result can be improved.
(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an intra prediction mode determination unit according to the third embodiment. Constituent elements common to the intra prediction mode determination unit of the first embodiment in FIG. 6 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG.

  In the configuration of FIG. 12, a frame number input unit 1201 and an offset cost determination unit 1202 are newly added to the intra prediction mode determination unit of FIG. The frame number input unit 1201 inputs a frame number that increases by 1 for each temporally continuous frame. The offset cost determination unit 1202 determines offset costs that are D_offset and R_offset in Expression (2) based on the frame number supplied from the frame number input unit 1201.

  In the third embodiment, different D_offset and R_offset are set for consecutive frames based on the frame number.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of D_offset and R_offset settings. FIG. 13 shows an example in which different offset costs are set depending on whether the frame number is even or odd.

  As described above, every other four prediction directions in which the offset cost is set in the frames having the even frame numbers are selected from the eight prediction directions. Then, the other four prediction directions are selected as the prediction directions in which the offset costs of the frames with odd frame numbers are set. That is, the prediction mode in which the offset cost is set large in a certain frame is likely to be selected because the offset cost is set small in the next frame. Conversely, a prediction mode in which the offset cost is set to be small in a certain frame is unlikely to be selected because the offset cost is set to be large in the next frame.

  In this way, by setting different offset costs in consecutive frames, it is possible to reduce the frequency with which the same intra prediction mode is continuously selected in time. Therefore, the problem that a specific encoding noise pattern occurs continuously in time is less likely to occur.

  FIG. 14 shows another example of D_offset and R_offset settings. In FIG. 13, when the frame number is an even number, since the offset cost is set to the one with the smaller prediction mode number, it becomes difficult to select these prediction modes. At that time, since prediction modes with a small mode number often have high encoding efficiency, making these prediction modes difficult to select may result in a decrease in overall encoding efficiency.

  On the other hand, in the example of FIG. 14, since the offset cost is set so that the mode numbers are dispersed, it is difficult to cause a difference in encoding efficiency depending on the frame number.

  Note that the values of D_offset and R_offset are set in association with the frame number and the current prediction mode, and are stored in a predetermined storage device (not shown). And it reads from the below-mentioned offset cost calculation part 1202, and is used for determination of cost. This storage device may be provided inside the offset cost calculation unit 1202.

  Of course, the offset cost setting method is not limited to the example shown in the present embodiment, that is, the method of setting the even frame and the odd frame separately. For example, different offset costs may be set depending on the remainder value of 10 of the frame number. Also, the same offset cost may not be set for an entire frame, but different offset costs may be set depending on the position of the encoding target block.

As described above, according to the third embodiment, a positive offset cost is set in a prediction mode using different prediction directions in consecutive frames. Therefore, the frequency with which the same intra prediction mode is selected in temporally continuous frames can be reduced. Therefore, it is not necessary to store the prediction mode information of the past frame, that is, the mode information of the past prediction mode. Then, it is possible to improve the subjective image quality of the encoding result by reducing the problem that the encoding noise pattern of the artificial geometric pattern appears as a pattern attached to a specific portion of the image. In addition, since the information on the encoding result of the past frame is not used, each frame can be encoded independently.
(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of an intra prediction mode determination unit according to the fourth embodiment. Constituent elements common to the intra prediction mode determination unit of the third embodiment in FIG. 12 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG.

  In the configuration of FIG. 15, a random number offset cost determination unit 1502 is newly provided for the intra prediction mode determination unit of FIG. 6. The random number offset cost determination unit 1502 determines offset costs that are D_offset and R_offset in Expression (2) based on the pseudo random number.

  For example, the random number offset cost determination unit 1502 generates a pseudo random number in the range of 0 to 99 for each intra prediction mode. If this pseudorandom number is 70 to 89, D_offset = 16, R_offset = 2, 90 to 99, D_offset = 32, R_offset = 2, otherwise D_offset = 0, R_offset = 0.

  Thus, since the offset cost is set stochastically for each intra prediction mode, there is a high possibility that a different offset cost is set for the same prediction mode of consecutive frames. For example, a prediction mode in which an offset cost is set to be large in a certain frame is unlikely to be set to a large offset cost in the next frame. Conversely, a prediction mode in which an offset cost is set to be small in a certain frame is unlikely to be set to a small offset cost in the next frame. Therefore, it is less likely that the same prediction mode is selected in temporally continuous frames.

  As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, an offset cost is set probabilistically for each intra prediction mode. Therefore, it is less likely that the same prediction mode is selected in temporally continuous frames. Therefore, a pattern in which an encoded noise pattern of an artificial geometric pattern is attached to a specific portion of an image without using a table in which an offset cost is set as in the first to third embodiments. The subjective image quality of the encoding result can be improved. In addition, since the information on the encoding result of the past frame is not used, each frame can be encoded independently.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. In the above embodiment, the H.264. An example of implementation in accordance with the H.264 system has been described. The present invention is not limited only to applications using the H.264 system. H. The present invention can also be applied to a different encoding method having a technique similar to H.264 intra prediction, or an encoding method not included in the international standard moving image encoding method.

  Regarding the size of the image, the embodiment mainly describes an example of application to the 4 × 4 size intra prediction process of the luminance component, but the luminance component 16 × 16 size, 8 × 8 size, and the color difference component intra are described. Of course, it can also be applied to prediction processing.

  The set value of the offset cost is not limited to that exemplified in the above embodiment. As a specific offset cost value, for example, a result of searching an optimum value by performing an encoding experiment on a large number of moving images may be used.

  With respect to the usage of the encoded information, an example has been described in which the offset cost is set based on intra-prediction mode information of one encoded frame that is close in time, but the usage of the encoded information is not limited to this. For example, a positive offset cost may be set according to the distribution of intra prediction modes selected in N encoded frames (N is an integer of 2 or more), that is, the frequency selected for each prediction mode. . Alternatively, when the same intra prediction mode is continuously selected in two encoded frames, a larger offset cost may be set for the next frame.

  Further, the cost function is explained along with an example of selecting an intra prediction mode that minimizes the evaluation cost obtained by weighted addition of D, R, and offset cost as shown in the equations (1) and (2). However, the cost function is not limited to this.

For example, the cost function may be a function in which the number of bits R required for encoding the mode information is always 0, that is, R is not reflected in the evaluation cost. Alternatively, the cost function may be a function that uses the addition result of D and R including the offset as the evaluation cost, and uses the multiplication result of D and R as the evaluation cost. In other words, the cost function is
Cost = (D + D_offset) × λ (R + R_offset) (3)
It may be.

  Furthermore, the offset cost reflection method in the cost function may be reflected not only by adding the offset cost but also by multiplication. In short, the offset cost may be used in the cost function so that the calculated evaluation cost depends on the magnitude of the offset cost. That is, the cost function may be the following formulas (4) and (5).

Cost = (D × D_offset) + λ (R × R_offset) (4)
Cost = (D × D_offset) × λ (R × R_offset) (5)
The mode cost is used for judgment to reduce the possibility that the same prediction mode is selected in temporally continuous frames. Therefore, the cost function only needs to calculate an evaluation cost depending on at least the error amount D of the prediction error image and one offset cost. Therefore, various cost functions can be applied to the intra mode determination to be used.

  Note that when the cost function is different, the appropriate value for the offset cost is naturally different. Further, in each of the embodiments described above, the offset cost is assumed to be a positive value. However, since the offset cost only needs to affect the evaluation cost, it may be a negative value. However, the signs of D_offset and R_offset need to be set so that D_offset and R_offset have the same effect of increasing or decreasing the evaluation cost, that is, the effect of increasing or decreasing the evaluation cost.

  In addition, it is naturally possible to combine the techniques individually described in each embodiment as appropriate. The method described above can also be realized by a computer reading a program from a recording medium and executing it.

  FIG. 16 shows a flowchart showing the processing of the intra prediction mode determination program of the present invention.

  This program is read and executed by a computer included in an intra prediction mode determination device that determines an intra prediction mode.

  First, a prediction image to which each of a plurality of intra prediction modes is applied is generated using pixel information of neighboring images (step S1). As the intra prediction mode, for example, the one shown in FIG. 2 is applied. As many prediction images as the number of images corresponding to each intra prediction mode are generated as the types of intra prediction modes.

  Next, the difference cost between the image block to be encoded and each of the plurality of predicted images is calculated (step S2). Therefore, the same number of differential costs as the types of intra prediction modes are generated as the differential costs corresponding to each intra prediction mode.

  Then, for example, the evaluation cost of Expression (2) is calculated using a plurality of differential costs and offset costs (step S3). The offset cost is set in advance for each intra prediction mode. Therefore, the evaluation cost is calculated using each of the plurality of differential costs and the offset cost corresponding thereto.

  Finally, the intra prediction mode is selected based on the evaluation cost value (step S4).

  The program may be stored in a non-transitory medium such as a semiconductor storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory), an optical disk, a magnetic disk, or a magneto-optical disk.

  Each of the above embodiments can be combined with other embodiments. For example, as in the second embodiment, the setting of the offset depending on the difference from the prediction angle in the past prediction mode can be applied to other embodiments.

  A moving image encoding apparatus 310 including an encoding unit 312 that encodes a moving image may include an intra prediction mode determination unit 311 having the same configuration as the intra prediction mode determination unit of each of the above embodiments. FIG. 17 shows the configuration of a moving picture encoding apparatus that performs intra prediction mode determination according to the present invention.

  While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention.

  This application claims the priority on the basis of Japanese application Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-033997 for which it applied on February 20, 2012, and takes in those the indications of all here.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Intra prediction mode determination part 101 Intra prediction part 102 Subtraction part 103 Integer conversion part 104 Quantization part 105 Variable length encoding part 106 Inverse quantization part 107 Inverse integer conversion part 108 Addition part 109 Deblock filter part 110 Frame buffer 300 Image Input unit 301 Neighborhood image storage unit 302 Neighborhood prediction mode storage unit 303 Prediction image generation unit 304 Difference image cost calculation unit 305 Mode information encoding cost calculation unit 306 Cost calculation unit 307 Mode selection unit 310 Video encoding device 311 Intra prediction mode Determination unit 312 Encoding unit 601 Past prediction mode storage unit 602 Offset cost determination unit 603 Cost calculation unit 1201 Frame number input unit 1202 Offset cost determination unit 1502 Random number offset cost determination unit

Claims (10)

A plurality of predicted images are generated by predicting pixel values in each of a plurality of intra prediction modes using encoded pixels in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing the encoding target image by a predetermined size. A predicted image generation unit;
A difference image cost calculation unit for calculating an error amount cost between the encoding target block and each of the plurality of predicted images;
An offset cost determining unit that determines an offset cost corresponding to each of the plurality of intra prediction modes and changes depending on the progress of the image frame;
A cost calculation unit for calculating an evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using the error amount cost and the offset cost;
A mode selection unit that selects an intra prediction mode based on the evaluation cost;
An intra prediction mode determination apparatus comprising: A mode information encoding cost output unit that outputs a mode information encoding cost corresponding to a bit amount necessary to encode each mode information of the plurality of intra prediction modes;
Further comprising
The cost calculation unit calculates an evaluation cost by performing the calculation using weighting based on the error amount cost, the mode information encoding cost, and the offset cost.
The intra prediction mode determination apparatus according to claim 1. A past frame prediction mode information storage unit that stores past frame prediction mode information that is intra prediction mode information of a past image frame;
Further comprising
The offset cost determination unit, based on the past frame prediction mode information, for the intra prediction mode used at the same position as the encoding target block of a plurality of frames within a predetermined period from the past image frame Set the offset cost,
The intra prediction mode determination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. A frame number input unit for inputting a frame number indicating a temporal order of the encoding target images;
Further comprising
The offset cost calculation unit sets the different offset costs for a plurality of frames within a predetermined period from the past image frame based on the frame number,
The intra prediction mode determination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The offset cost calculation unit generates a pseudo-random number corresponding to each of the plurality of intra prediction modes, and sets the offset cost based on the pseudo-random number;
The intra prediction mode determination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The intra-prediction mode determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the offset cost output unit outputs the offset cost according to a difference in angle with a direction in a past prediction mode. . The intra-prediction mode determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the offset cost output unit calculates the mode cost by adding or multiplying the error amount cost and the offset cost. . The intra prediction mode determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
An encoding unit that encodes the encoding target image based on the intra prediction mode selected by the intra prediction mode determination device;
A moving picture encoding apparatus comprising: A prediction image is obtained by predicting a pixel value of the encoding target block in a plurality of intra prediction modes by using encoded pixels in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing the encoding target image by a predetermined size. Generate
Calculating an error amount cost between the encoding target block and the predicted image;
Corresponding to each of the plurality of intra prediction modes, calculating the evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using the offset cost and the error amount cost that change depending on the progress of the image frame,
An intra prediction mode determination method, wherein an intra prediction mode is selected based on the mode cost. A computer included in the intra prediction mode determination device,
A prediction image is obtained by predicting a pixel value of the encoding target block in a plurality of intra prediction modes by using encoded pixels in a predetermined range from an encoding target block obtained by dividing the encoding target image by a predetermined size. Predicted image generation means for generating,
Differential image cost calculating means for calculating an error amount cost between the encoding target block and the predicted image;
An evaluation cost calculating unit that corresponds to each of the plurality of intra prediction modes and calculates an evaluation cost by performing a predetermined calculation using an offset cost that changes depending on the progress of an image frame and the error amount cost;
Mode selection means for selecting an intra prediction mode based on the mode cost;
A non-transitory storage medium storing an intra prediction mode determination program for functioning as a storage medium.

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