JPWO2013118328A1 - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A display device capable of observing a focused image even for a person who cannot focus on a near point such as hyperopia.
A display device according to the present invention includes a lens array having a plurality of lenses, and a plurality of display areas respectively corresponding to the lenses, and the same image is displayed in the plurality of display areas. It is characterized by.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device for displaying an image to an observer, an electronic apparatus including the display device, and a display device program executable by the display device.

  There are liquid crystal displays and plasma displays as display devices (displays) for displaying images and characters. These display devices cannot adjust diopter. With the progress of an aging society, the number of elderly people with presbyopia (presbyopia) is increasing, and a display device capable of adjusting diopter, particularly a flat panel display (FPD), is desired. With the spread of mobile phones and the spread of digital cameras, the opportunity to view FPD displays outdoors is increasing. Furthermore, the use of electronic books instead of books is increasing. Thus, it is very troublesome to remove the reading glasses every time when viewing the FPD of a mobile device such as a mobile phone or a digital camera.

  Mobile phones are often used for sending and receiving e-mails, games, etc., rather than being used as phones. In this case, the user needs to see the FPD. Digital SLR cameras use FPDs as a live view monitor. In this digital single-lens reflex camera, you can wear and remove reading glasses each time to see a live view monitor while viewing a distant subject. It is not practical to do. In addition, a GUI (graphical user interface) using the monitor is often used for changing the shooting mode, and the necessity of viewing the monitor is high.

  Also, when looking at the monitor of the car navigation system, the observer may be a driving driver. It is dangerous for the driver himself to put off reading glasses, and it is virtually impossible to remove reading glasses. As another scene, it is troublesome for the observer to wear reading glasses every time when observing a liquid crystal screen of a personal computer (PC). Accordingly, there is a demand for an electronic device that allows a monitor to be viewed without removing reading glasses.

  For example, Patent Document 1 shows a configuration example in which a Fresnel lens or a microlens is attached in front of an FPD that is a monitor of a digital camera, and the FPD is viewed like a loupe.

JP 2009-63624 A

  In the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide a certain distance between the loupe and the display unit in order to observe an appropriate image. For this reason, an apparatus will become large. Specifically, in order to correct presbyopia, the Fresnel lens needs to be separated from the FPD by about several centimeters, which is not practical.

  Patent Document 1 also shows a configuration in which a microlens array is used for each pixel or a plurality of pixels instead of a Fresnel lens. Here, simply using a microlens array enlarges a pixel or a set of a plurality of pixels by each microlens. For this reason, adjacent pixels are observed in an overlapping manner, and a practical image cannot be obtained.

  Thus, conventionally, there is no FPD that can see a focused image without wearing reading glasses. There are no electronic devices equipped with such a monitor.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a practical thin display device that can be easily focused and an electronic apparatus including the display device.

  In recent years, there has been an increase in electronic devices in which a touch panel is superimposed on a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal panel, and various objects such as displayed icons and switches are touched and input. In a flat panel display that displays a real image, the position of a visually recognized object does not change at any observation position. Since the position of the object is known in the displayed image, it can be detected that the object is touched from the coordinates of the touch position detected by the touch panel. However, in a display device that displays a virtual image at a distance as viewed from the observer, the position of the observed virtual image moves depending on the observation position (direction). Moreover, although the size of the virtual image does not change depending on the observation distance, the size of the touch panel appears to change. That is, the relative position and relative size between the surface of the display device on which the touch panel can be installed and the display of the virtual image change. In such a case, even if the touch panel is provided on the display device and the coordinates of the touch position are detected, the virtual image moves depending on the observation position, and thus the object cannot be specified on the touch panel.

  A display device that displays a virtual image will be described briefly. The display device performs display by emitting a light beam from a distance from the surface of the display device (for example, a parallel light beam at infinity). The display is performed not on the surface of the display device but on a virtual image formed in the back of the display device.

In order to solve such a problem, a display device according to the present invention includes:
A lens array having a plurality of lenses;
A plurality of display areas respectively corresponding to the lenses,
The same image is displayed in the plurality of display areas.

Moreover, the display device according to the present invention includes:
A display unit capable of displaying a virtual image farther than the display surface as viewed from the observer;
A touch panel provided on a surface of the display unit and outputting position information based on a touch position.

  The display device according to the present invention makes it possible for a person who cannot normally focus on the near point where the display device exists to view a focused display by causing a light beam from infinity to enter the observer's pupil. It becomes possible. For example, a presbyopic person can view a focused display without wearing (or removing) reading glasses.

  Further, the optical element in the display device according to the present invention comprises a lens array and a display area as a set, and the lens and the display area are made minute so that the display area It is possible to shorten the optical length between the lenses. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the display device.

  In addition, the display device according to the present invention includes a display unit that can display a virtual image. In such a display device, the position of the observer's eyes with respect to the display unit is detected based on the output of the imaging unit, and the position information and display output by the touch panel based on the detected position of the eyes of the observer By specifying the positional relationship of the virtual image to be observed, it is possible to match the observed virtual image and the touch position of the touch panel even when the observation position of the observer moves. Therefore, even a person who cannot focus on the near point where the display device exists can see the focused display and can operate the touch panel. Further, the electronic device according to the present invention can be operated by a touch panel without wearing (or removing) reading glasses even by a presbyopic person.

The perspective view which shows the display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows a mode that the image displayed on the display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment is observed. The perspective view which shows the display apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Front view showing a display device according to a second embodiment The figure which shows the arrangement | positioning relationship between the display device and lens array which concern on 2nd Embodiment. Front view showing a display device according to a second embodiment The figure for demonstrating the rotation error of the display device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and a lens array The figure which shows the control structure which displays on the display device which concerns on this embodiment The perspective view which shows the digital camera (electronic device) which has a display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the image missing by the observation position in the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the light beam formed with the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. The figure which shows the form at the time of changing the emission direction of a light beam in the display apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The flowchart which shows the automatic adjustment process of the light beam direction which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The figure which shows the state which shifted the displayed image in the display apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The figure which shows the mode of the change of incident light beam by the change of observation distance in the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. The figure which shows the mode of a change of the observation image by the change of observation distance in the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. The flowchart which shows the display correction process which concerns on 4th Embodiment Illustration for explaining the change in the appearance of a virtual image observed by the change in the observation position The figure which shows the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. Flow chart showing detection processing and specific processing according to the fifth embodiment Flow chart showing display detection eye determination processing according to the fifth embodiment The figure which shows the structure of the display part which concerns on 6th Embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the display part which concerns on 6th Embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the display part which concerns on 7th Embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the display part which concerns on 7th Embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment according to an aspect of a display device and an electronic apparatus including the display device according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of the first embodiment. The display device of this embodiment includes a lens array 1 and a display device 2. On the display device 2, display 4 (letters of alphabet A in the figure) is performed in a display area surrounded by a broken line at a position corresponding to each lens 3 of the lens array 1. This display also corresponds to the other lenses 3, and the same display is performed corresponding to each lens 3. The display content is the display content that the observer finally observes. In the figure, a broken line indicating one display area in the display device 2 is a description for helping understanding of the display area, and does not actually exist.

  This display 4 is projected at infinity by parallel light as indicated by an arrow 5 in the figure by the corresponding lens 3. The same number of displays as the lenses 3 of the lens array 1 are displayed on the display device 2. The gap between the lenses 3 of the lens array 1 is shielded 8 to avoid stray light. By this shielding 8, only the light flux from each lens 3 is emitted to the observer side, and it becomes possible for the observer to observe a clear image.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 6 denotes a lens of an observer's eye. Reference numeral 7 denotes an image reflected on the retina of the eye. In the case of a presbyopia or a person with hyperopia, the eye lens 6 can be easily focused at infinity, so that the observer can observe a focused image by condensing the parallel light of the arrow 5 on the retina. In the display device of the present embodiment, the light beam emitted from the display device is substantially thickened by using the lens array 1 in which the lenses 3 are arranged on a plane. As a result, the observation range in the display device is expanded. In addition, since the focal length of the lens 3 that projects the display 4 can be shortened, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the display device.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display device of FIG. 1 when viewed from the side. Although only seven lenses 3 are shown in the figure, the lens array 1 is actually formed by arranging an extremely large number of lenses 3 in the vertical direction and in the front and back direction of the paper surface. In the figure, the image height from the center to the end of the display 4 displayed in each display area is indicated by an arrow. The display 4 displayed in each display area is projected at infinity by each lens 3 corresponding to the display area. That is, the light beam emitted from each lens 3 is converted into parallel light 5. At this time, since each display 4 is exactly the same, the light beam emitted from each lens 3 forms one large parallel light beam 9 or 10 for the image. The luminous flux from the pixel at the center of the display is 9, and the luminous flux from the uppermost pixel is 10.

  Therefore, it can be considered that the lens array 1 is a pupil of the display optical system of the display device. The microscope is used by looking through the eyepiece. Since the pupil of the optical system is formed only in the vicinity of the eyepiece, in order to observe the subject through the eyepiece, it is necessary to align the position of the eye lens with the pupil position of the optical system. Therefore, in order to observe a subject using an optical instrument typified by a microscope, an observer needs to look into the eyepiece lens of the microscope. However, since the light beam emitted from the eyepiece lens can be adjusted to parallel light equivalent to the light beam coming from infinity, a presbyopic person can easily observe a focused microscopic image. In the display device according to the present embodiment, since one large parallel light beam 9 or 10 is formed so that the entire lens array 1 becomes a pupil of the optical system, an observer can perform a peeping operation necessary when using a microscope. There is no need to do it. The display can be seen from a position away from the display device.

  Now, the imaging action of the display device will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is also a cross-sectional view seen from the side for simplicity. Each display 4 is projected at infinity by the corresponding lens 3. In the figure, only four lenses are shown, but in reality, a great number of lenses are present in the vertical direction and in the front and back direction of the paper surface. This figure shows a state in which a light beam 11 from four of the lenses is incident on the lens 6 of the observer's eye. This light beam 11 is parallel light, and can be focused by the lens 6 of the observer's eye that is focused only at infinity. The display 4 displayed in each display area is projected onto the retina of the observer as one focused image 7.

  If the size of each lens 3 is small, the light beam emitted from the lens 3 spreads due to diffraction, and parallel light cannot be emitted. Presbyopic people are unable to focus on near points because their ability to adjust their eyes is reduced. However, if it is assumed that the presbyopic person can be focused up to 2 meters away, the presbyopic person can observe a light beam having a divergence angle of 3 mm / 2 m [rad] with the lens diameter of the eye being 3 mm. The spread angle θ due to diffraction is generally expressed as θ = λ / D as a lens diameter D and a light wavelength λ. If the wavelength is 0.5 μm which is visible light and θ = 3/2000, then D = 0.3 mm. That is, if each lens 3 has a diameter of 0.3 mm or more, even a presbyopic person can observe a focused image. Therefore, the diameter of the lens 3 is preferably 0.3 mm or more.

  Furthermore, the resolution of a person with a visual acuity of 0.5 is about 2 minutes. To obtain this resolving power, D = λ / θ = 0.55 μm / 2 min = 0.9 mm. That is, the lens diameter is preferably 0.9 mm or more.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of a display device according to the second embodiment. The display device of the present embodiment includes a lens array 1 and a display device 2. On the display device 2, display 4 is performed in a display area surrounded by a broken line at a position corresponding to each lens 3 of the lens array 1. This display 4 also corresponds to the other lenses 3, and the same display is performed. The display content is the display content that the observer finally observes. In the figure, a broken line indicating one display area in the display device 2 is a description for helping understanding of the display area, and does not actually exist. This display 4 is projected at infinity as parallel light by the lens 3 as indicated by an arrow 5 in the figure. The same number of displays as the lenses 3 of the lens array 1 are displayed on the display device 2.

  The display device of this embodiment is different from that of Example 1 in the shape of the lens 3 in the lens array 1. The shape of the lens 3 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the display area. That is, when the lens array 1 is viewed from the viewer side, the shape is substantially the same rectangular shape as the display area. The lens array 1 is configured by arranging the lenses 3 side by side in the vertical and horizontal directions. . In the second embodiment, such a configuration eliminates the need for light shielding for removing stray light as in the first embodiment, and realizes a bright display.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 6 denotes a lens of an observer's eye. Reference numeral 7 denotes an image reflected on the retina of the eye. The eye lens 6 is focused at infinity, like presbyopia or hyperopic human eyes, and can collect the parallel light of the arrow 5 on the retina. That is, an in-focus image can be observed.

  If the standard observation direction is the front of the display device, it is desirable that the display 4 be projected to the front by the lens 3. That is, it is preferably projected in a direction perpendicular to the display device. For this purpose, it is desirable that the display 4 be displayed directly below the lens 3. The operation of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 5 shows a front view of the display device 2 used in the display device of the present embodiment. As the display device 2, a so-called flat panel display device such as a well-known organic EL device, liquid crystal device, or electronic paper device can be used. As the display device 2 of the present embodiment, a display device having a horizontal pixel count of 4000 and a vertical pixel count of 2000 and capable of displaying 8 million pixels, so-called 4K × 2K display, is used. The size is 60 mm × 30 mm, which is a standard size for a monitor of a mobile phone or a digital camera. The pixel pitch is 15 μm, and the pixel size is approximately 15 μm × 15 μm.

  The display area of the present embodiment is provided by dividing the display range of this one display device 2 into a plurality of parts. As shown in the figure, the same display 4 (“ABC” in the figure) is repeatedly displayed. In the drawing, a broken line indicating one display area described in the display device 2 is a description for helping understanding of the display area, and does not actually exist. It only exists on the data as the boundary of the same display given to the display device 2.

  The size of one display area is 3 mm × 1.5 mm. That is, the number of display areas is 20 × 20 vertically and horizontally. In the figure, it is drawn at 10 × 10 for easy viewing. The number of pixels displayed in this one display area is 200 × 100. FIG. 6 shows the correspondence between the lens array 1 and the display device 2. FIG. 7 shows a display device of the present invention in which the lens array 1 and the display device 2 are overlapped. The observed display is the image “ABC” of the display 4 displayed in one display area, and the number of pixels is 200 × 100. Since the observer sees the display 4 as being displayed on the entire display device 2, the perceived pixel size is 0.3 mm.

  It should be noted that the lens array 1 and the display device 2 do not have a significant effect on performance even if they are translated from side to side and up and down. However, if there is a rotation error as shown in FIG. 8, the luminous flux emitted from the lens is twisted and the luminous fluxes 9 and 10 shown in FIG. 2 cannot be formed accurately. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the rotation error α in FIG. 8 small. Here, the rotation error is a rotation angle of the display device 2 or the lens array 1 with respect to an ideal arrangement of the display device 2 and the lens array 1. For example, the angle formed by the long side of the display device 2 and the long side of the lens array 1 is formed. Specifically, it is preferable to suppress the rotation error α to be equal to or less than one display area. That is, α [rad] <vertical length of the display area (a) / horizontal length of the display range of the display device 2 (B) is preferable. It is possible to suppress a significant shift in the correspondence between the display area in the display device 2 and the lenses 3 of the lens array 1.

  In addition, when such a rotation error arises, it is also possible to adjust by tilting the image displayed on the display device 2. In particular, when the physical positional relationship cannot be readjusted, such as when the display device 2 and the lens array 1 are bonded and fixed, the inclination of the image displayed on the display device 2 is adjusted (calibration). By doing so, it is possible to optimize the positional relationship between the display area and the lens 3.

  Other forms may be employed for the display device 2. For example, an organic EL display device having a horizontal pixel number of 6000 and a vertical pixel number of 8000 pixels (the number of pixels is 48 million pixels) can be used as the display device 2. In recent years, Super Hi-Vision technology with 32 million pixels, which is said to be 8K × 4K display, has been developed and has become a practical technology. The dimensions are set to 120 mm in width and 160 mm in length, and used for electronic devices such as electronic books.

  In this case, the pixel pitch is 20 μm, and the pixel dimensions are approximately 20 μm × 20 μm. In the case where a 20 × 20 display area is provided in the display device 2, the size of one display area is 6 mm × 8 mm. The number of pixels displayed in this one display area is 300 × 400. The size of the lens 3 is also 6 mm × 8 mm, and the lens array 1 is composed of 20 × 20 lenses 3. The observed display is 300 × 400 as the number of pixels. The pixel size perceived by the observer is 0.4 mm.

  FIG. 9 shows a control configuration when displaying on the display device 2 for each of the above-described embodiments. In this embodiment, it is necessary to perform the same display for each display area. Therefore, data to be displayed on the display device 2 is formed by duplicating an image or data to be displayed by the image processing unit. The input original data (“ABC”) is duplicated to be converted into one piece of data arranged vertically and horizontally by the required number and displayed on the display device 2.

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a digital camera (electronic device) 12 employing the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. For the monitor 13 of the digital camera 12, a display device having the lens array 1 and the display device 2 of the various embodiments described above is used. In this case, since it is possible for a presbyopic person to focus on the monitor 13, the digital camera 12 can be precisely operated by operating the control button 15 or the like while viewing the GUI (graphical user interface) displayed on the monitor 13. Can be used.

  In particular, in this embodiment, when a distant landscape or subject to be imaged by the digital camera is displayed on the monitor 13, the subject displayed on the monitor 13 is imaged farther than the position of the monitor 13. For this reason, the user can reduce the focus adjustment amount of the eye between the actual subject and the subject displayed on the monitor 13, and the burden on the eye can be suppressed. The display device of the present embodiment can be used not only for such a digital camera but also for an electronic device such as a mobile phone or an electronic book, and even a presbyopic person uses the original function of the electronic device. Can do.

(Third embodiment)
The problems that can be solved when using the display device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining image missing due to an observation position in the display device according to the above-described embodiment. When there is an observer in front of the display device, that is, when the eye lens of the observer is at position 17, the light beam 9 from the display center pixel of the display device and the light beam 10 from the end pixel are opposite to each other. All the luminous flux 20 from the end pixel enters the lens of the observer's eye. Therefore, the observer can see the entire display content.

  However, when the observer is at a position 18 slightly deviated from the front of the display device, the light flux 9 from the display center pixel of the display device and the light flux 20 from the end pixel enter the eyes of the observer. The luminous flux 10 from the pixel at the opposite end does not enter the eye lens. Therefore, the observer cannot see the edge part of the image formed with the light beam 10 among the displayed images. When the observer's eye is at position 19, neither the light beam 9 from the center pixel of the display nor the light beam 10 from the end pixel enters the eye lens. Therefore, only the display near the pixel formed by the light beam 20 can be seen. That is, the entire display content cannot be viewed unless it is from the front of the display device. It is necessary to move the face and bring the eyes in front of the display device.

  As described above, the display device according to the present invention has a narrow observation range as compared with a normal display device. FIG. 12 shows the solution. As described with reference to FIG. 2, in the display device of the present embodiment, each display 4 displayed on the display device 2 is projected at infinity by each lens 3 corresponding thereto. That is, the light beam emitted from each lens 3 is parallel light 5. At this time, since the display 4 of each display area is the same, the light beams emitted from each lens can form one large parallel light beam 9 or 10. The luminous flux from the center pixel of the display 4 is 9, and the luminous flux from the uppermost pixel is 10.

  In FIG. 12, the display 4 shown in FIG. 2 is shifted slightly downward. As a result, the light beam 9 from the center pixel of the display 4 is emitted obliquely upward rather than in front of the display device. Similarly, the light beam 10 is also shifted upward and emitted. That is, by shifting the display 4, it is possible to change the emission direction of the parallel light emitted from the lens array 1.

  FIG. 13 shows a case where the injection direction is changed upward from the state of FIG. 11 using such an injection direction change function. As shown in the figure, even when the observer is at a position 18 slightly deviated from the front of the display device, all of the luminous fluxes 9, 10 and 20 can be incident on the lens of the observer's eye. Makes it possible to observe the entire display content. When the observer's eye is at position 19, the light beam 10 does not enter the eye, but all the light beams can be incident by further increasing the shift amount of the display 4 to be displayed.

  The shift of the display 4 is adjusted based on the observer input. The observer adjusts the direction of the luminous flux so that the entire image can be observed using the input means connected to the display device. Instead of such manual adjustment by the observer, the direction of the light beam may be automatically adjusted according to the location of the observer, that is, the positional relationship between the display device and the observer. Using various sensors, the position of the observer's face or eye is specified, and the direction is automatically adjusted so that the light beam is directed toward the observer. Various sensors such as an infrared sensor and an ultrasonic sensor can be used as the sensor. For example, in the case of an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a camera provided for the purpose of a videophone can be used. It is. The digital camera described with reference to FIG. 10 can also be realized by providing a detection camera 14 beside the monitor 13.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the automatic light beam direction adjustment processing. The face of the observer is photographed with the camera (S101), and the face direction relative to the display device is specified by detecting the face from the captured image (S102). The display shift amount necessary for emitting the light beam in that direction is calculated (S103), and the display is actually shifted (S104). The display is shifted by a necessary amount left, right, up and down depending on the position of the face. An example in which the display of the display device 2 is shifted is shown in FIG. The display shown in FIG. 5 is shifted to the lower right. In the figure, a broken line indicating one display area in the display device 2 is a description for helping understanding of the display area, and does not actually exist.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, the emission direction of the parallel light is changed by changing the positional relationship between the display 4 and the lens 3 displayed on the display device 2. Note that the direction of the parallel light can be changed not only by shifting the image displayed on the display device 2 but also by physically shifting the display device 2 or the lens 3. Specifically, the emission direction of the parallel light is changed by physically moving the display device 2 or the lens array 1.

(Fourth embodiment)
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been an increase in electronic devices that include a touch panel on a flat panel display (FPD: Flat Panel Display) such as a liquid crystal panel to input a touched object. This is the case with so-called smartphones and tablet devices. Such touch panels are also used in digital camera monitors. Various objects are displayed by displaying objects such as icons and switch marks and touching them.

  The example which mounted the touch panel in the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment is shown. The touch panel 29 is provided, for example, on the display device of this embodiment shown in FIG. Here, the difference from a normal FPD is that information is displayed on the surface of a normal FPD, but the display device according to the present invention has a lens array on the surface, and the information is displayed as a virtual image behind it. Is Rukoto. In the case of a normal FPD, if a switch or icon is displayed on the display surface, the touched place of the touch panel becomes the displayed switch or icon. The touch panel detects the coordinates (position data) of the touched location. By matching the coordinates of the display (display position data), the touched position and the coordinates of the displayed image can be identified one-to-one.

  However, the image displayed in the present embodiment is a virtual image and is not fixedly displayed on the surface of the display device. In particular, when observing the displayed virtual image, the appearance of the observed virtual image changes depending on the distance from the display device 2 to the observer, and the consistency between the position in the displayed virtual image and the coordinates of the touch panel. Will change. In some cases, the observed virtual image may be chipped. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 16 shows a change in incident light flux due to a change in observation distance. When the display device of this embodiment configured by the lens array 1, the display device 2, and the touch panel 29 is viewed at a location 31, the size of the virtual image is a light beam 32 (a part of the light beam 10 in FIG. 2) and a light beam 33. Therefore, the size of the displayed virtual image is observed with the size of the display surface of the display device (FIG. 17A). However, when the display device is viewed at the place 34, the size of the virtual image is determined by the light beam 35 and the light beam 36, and therefore, it is observed smaller than the size of the display surface of the display device (FIG. 17B). Actually, the size of the visible virtual image does not change, and the distance to look at the display device is different, so the display surface of the display device looks different. Further, when the place where the display device 30 is viewed is 37, since the luminous fluxes 38 and 39 do not exist, only a part of the displayed virtual image is observed (FIG. 17C). As described above, the position of the virtual image that can be seen in the back of the lens array of the display device, that is, the touch panel 6 differs depending on the position of the observer, specifically, the distance from the display device to the observation position of the observer. That is, the position to be touched cannot be specified.

  In this embodiment, by specifying the distance to the observer, it is detected how much the display screen size of the display device, that is, the size of the touch panel surface changes with respect to the size of the virtual image. Furthermore, as described in the third embodiment, since the display cannot be seen depending on the viewing direction of the observer, the display 4 is shifted by specifying the direction of the observer.

  If the relative position and relative size of the touch panel 29 with respect to the observed virtual image are known, the coordinates of the display can be matched with the coordinates of the touch panel 29. As a result, it is possible to display switches and icons in accordance with the coordinates to be touched on the touch panel 29. Alternatively, by identifying the relative position between the touch panel 29 and the virtual image visible in the back, it is possible to determine which place on the display is touched by the touch panel 29. Furthermore, when a part of the display is missing as shown in FIG. 17C, it is possible to observe all of the display by reducing the size of the display (FIG. 17D).

  As a means for specifying the distance and direction to the observer, it is possible to use various sensors or a camera installed in an electronic device as in the third embodiment. When a camera is used, it is possible to detect the focal position of the camera and to specify or estimate the distance and direction from the size of the captured face.

  FIG. 18 shows a flow showing the display correction process. The face of the observer is photographed with the camera (S201), the face is detected in the captured image, and the distance from the camera (that is, the position of the display device) to the face is detected using the position and size in the image. And the direction are specified (S202). Next, a display shift amount necessary for emitting the light beam in the specified direction and a display size corresponding to the distance from the display device to the face are calculated (S203). Then, the display is shifted according to the calculated shift amount, and the image is converted into the calculated size (S204). In addition, by adjusting the coordinate system of the touch panel 29 corresponding to such display correction processing, it is possible to achieve consistency between the displayed virtual image and the input position (contact detection position) of the touch panel 29. .

  Thus, by specifying the distance to the observer, it is possible to calculate the appearance of the observed virtual image, that is, the location and size of the virtual image with respect to the display surface (touch panel 29). Therefore, it is possible to specify which part of the display is touched with the touch panel 29, and input using an object such as an icon or a switch displayed as a virtual image is possible. As described above, in this embodiment, by maintaining the consistency between the object displayed in the observed virtual image and the contact detection position, it is possible to input by instructing the switch or icon displayed in the virtual image. .

  By using the display device according to the present invention for electronic devices such as digital cameras, mobile phones, and electronic books, even presbyopic people can see the display, and the device can be operated with the touch panel, and the original functions of the electronic device are used. can do.

(Fifth embodiment)
In the fourth embodiment, in a display device using a touch panel, touch input can be performed on a virtual image whose relative position and relative size change depending on the observation position by aligning the observed virtual image with the coordinates of the touch panel. Was supposed to be. In this embodiment, in a display device that displays a virtual image, the position and size of the virtual image to be displayed are not changed, and the touch position based on the position information output from the touch panel and the relative position of the displayed virtual image are specified. Yes. Note that the display device according to the present embodiment is not limited to the form using the lens array described in the first to third embodiments as long as the virtual image can be displayed farther than the display surface as viewed from the observer. It is not something that can be done.

  As described in the fourth embodiment, in the display device that displays a virtual image, the relative position and the relative size of the image that can be seen in the opening of the display device are changed by changing the relative position of the observer and the display device. Changes. Therefore, even if the coordinate position touched by the observer is detected on the touch panel, it cannot be specified where the image is touched. That is, even if an object such as an icon displayed on the image is touched, the coordinate position detected by the touch panel does not always match the coordinate position of the displayed object. A touch panel cannot be used in a display device that displays a virtual image.

  This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 19A, when the observer's eye 140 is in front of the display device 141, the virtual image 142 displayed in the distance can be seen at the center of the display device 141 (143). As illustrated in FIG. 19B, when the observer's eye 140 moves to the left side, the virtual image 142 displayed far away appears to be in front of the eye 140. Therefore, the visible image (143) appears to move to the left side of the display device 141. That is, in the observation frame of the display device 141, the image (143) observed by the observer is moved by the movement of the eye 140 of the observer.

  In other words, depending on the observation position of the observer, there will be a deviation between the position of the object visually recognized by the observer and the position of the object detected by the coordinates of the touch panel. The phenomenon that the object does not exist or another object exists in the coordinates detected by the touch panel occurs. Such a phenomenon becomes more prominent as the formation position of the virtual image 142 with respect to the display surface of the display device 141 is farther away. Therefore, when the display unit used in the display device of the present embodiment displays an object such as an icon or a button, the position of the virtual image of the object is determined from the position of the coordinates detected by the touch panel depending on the observation position of the observer. It is preferable to apply to the case where a deviation occurs to an unspecified extent.

  Specifically, in an electronic device such as a portable information terminal used at a distance from the observer to the display unit of about 20 to 30 cm, the formed virtual image is 20 cm or more (maximum: infinite) from the display surface of the display unit. Large), the problem described above becomes conspicuous when positioned far from the observer. The present embodiment is preferably applied to a display device having such a display unit.

  In the present embodiment, by detecting the position of the observer's eye with respect to the display device, the opening of the virtual image display type display device 101, that is, the effective area of the touch panel and the relative position and relative size of the image displayed by the virtual image are determined. Identify. By identifying which position of the virtual image is the touch position output from the touch panel based on the relative position and relative size of the specified image, it is clear to which part of the image the touch panel input was performed. become. Therefore, even when the observation position of the observer moves, it is possible to specify an icon or the like that the observer is touching and control the electronic device.

  In some cases, such as when the aperture of the display unit is small, a human may observe an image with one eye (dominant eye) instead of both eyes. For example, an ordinary loupe is often observed with one eye. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is preferable to detect the position of the dominant eye. The dominant eye of the observer can be set in advance by the input unit of the display device or can be determined by a detection eye determination process described later.

  FIG. 20 shows a control configuration of the display device of the present embodiment. The display device of the present embodiment includes a touch panel, a detection camera (imaging unit) that detects an observer, and a display unit that displays a virtual image (not shown). In addition, a control unit including a face recognition circuit, an eye position detection circuit, a touch position specifying circuit, an electronic device control circuit, and the like is provided. The control unit of the present embodiment is configured by a plurality of circuits, but these circuits can be appropriately configured by a CPU or the like. Moreover, this embodiment can also be provided as a program for a display device that can be executed by the control unit.

  The detection camera (imaging unit) is provided in the housing of the display device at a position where the face of the observer who observes the display unit can be imaged. The face recognition circuit detects the face of the observer in the image information captured by the detection camera. The eye position detection circuit obtains the position (direction and distance) of the observer's eyes relative to the display device from the observer's face. Note that the distance to the observer can also be specified using the focal position of the detection camera. On the other hand, the touch panel outputs touch position information to the touch position specifying circuit based on an operation (touch input) by an observer. The touch position specifying circuit calculates a relative position between the virtual image (image) observed by the observer and the touch panel based on the position of the eye of the observer detected by the eye position detection circuit, and displays the display (image). Determine if you touched the part. The specified touch position information is input to the electronic device control circuit, and various processes specified by the specified position information are executed.

  FIG. 21 shows a detection process for detecting the position of the eye of the observer observing the display device, and a flowchart for calculating the relative position and relative size of the image and the touch panel based on the detection result of the detection process. ing. When the display device is activated, an observer's face is photographed by the detection camera in S401. In S402, image recognition is performed on the captured image to detect a face and to detect the position (direction and distance) of the eye from the face. In S403, the relative positional relationship and size relationship between the image viewed by the observer and the opening (touch panel) of the display device are specified. In S404, the relationship between the image and the coordinates of the touch panel is constructed, and the corresponding part of the image touched on the touch panel is specified (touch position detection). By repeatedly executing the detection process including S401 and S402 and the specific process including S403 and S404, even when the observation position of the observer fluctuates, the displayed image and the display image are displayed by the observer. It is possible to ensure the consistency of the touch position that is input intentionally.

  For specifying the positional relationship between the position information and the image to be displayed performed in the touch position specifying circuit of FIG. 20 and the specifying process (S403, S404) of FIG. 21, both eyes are detected and the intermediate position thereof is determined. It can also be a position. However, when the opening of the display unit is small as described above, the observer often observes using either the right or left dominant eye. Therefore, it is preferable to use the dominant eye of either the left or right eye in the detection process and the identification process. Such dominant setting can be set by inputting from the input unit provided in the display device.

  Or it is good also as performing the detection eye determination process which detects and sets a dominant eye in a display apparatus for the observer who does not know which eye of self is a dominant eye. FIG. 22 shows detected eye determination processing executed by the control unit of the display device. This detected eye determination process is a process executed by the control unit as a setting function of the display device.

  In this detected eye determination process, the observer is photographed with a camera and the positions of the left and right eyes (relative position, distance and direction with respect to the display device) are obtained (S501, S502). Next, based on the positional information of the left and right eyes, the relative position and size relationship between the image visible to the observer and the opening (touch panel) of the display device are specified (S503). A predetermined mark for dominant eye detection is displayed on the display unit (S504). This mark may be about the size of an icon or a numeric keypad displayed as a switch when used in a display device, but it is preferable that the mark is as small as possible to accurately detect the dominant eye.

  A contact position touching the mark is detected (S505). Next, the display position of the mark calculated from the positions of the left and right eyes is compared with the position information output from the touch panel (S506). It is determined which of the mark positions observed by the left and right eyes matches the position information output from the touch panel, and the matching eye is set as the dominant eye in the touch position specifying circuit (S507). ). By executing the above-described detection eye determination process, the observer sets the dominant eye on the display device without being aware of which eye is his dominant eye, and corrects position information according to the dominant eye. Can be performed.

  In the fifth embodiment, in the display device that displays the virtual image, the position information output from the touch panel is specified without changing the position and size of the virtual image to be displayed. In the fifth embodiment, Furthermore, the position and size of the virtual image to be displayed may be changed so that the entire virtual image or a predetermined area in the virtual image can be visually recognized by the observer. In this case, the control unit of the display device changes at least one of the position or size of the image displayed on the display unit based on the detection process (S401, S402, etc. in FIG. 21) for detecting the position of the observer's eyes. A visual field adjustment process is executed. By executing such visual field adjustment processing, even when the observation position of the observer moves, the observer can observe the entire virtual image or a predetermined area in the virtual image. Become. Even when the visual field adjustment process is executed, the positional relationship between the observed virtual image and the touch panel may be shifted, so that the above-described specific process (S403, S404, etc. in FIG. 21) is executed. Become.

(Sixth embodiment)
In the fourth and fifth embodiments, in a display device including a display unit that displays a virtual image, the input position (touch position) of the touch panel is optimized, and the display used in these embodiments The unit is not limited to the one using the lens array described in the first to third embodiments, and any unit that can display a virtual image can be used. In the sixth and seventh embodiments described below, different forms are proposed for the display unit capable of displaying a virtual image.

  FIG. 23 shows an example (sixth embodiment) of a virtual image display type display unit using pupil synthesis. Think of looking at newspapers with a loupe. This means that you are looking at a virtual image magnified with a loupe. However, this system is large, and a flat panel display (hereinafter referred to as FPD) cannot be constructed as it is. Therefore, consider that an image displayed on the display 120 is enlarged by enlarging a small display 120 of several mm square with a small lens 121. Although the system can be made small, the aperture of the lens 121 is small, and it is necessary to look closely while keeping the eye in close contact with the lens 121. You can't look away like a normal FPD. Therefore, the light beam emitted from the lens 121 is incident on the optical waveguide 118. The light incident on the optical waveguide 118 travels through the optical waveguide 118 with total reflection.

  The hologram 119 diffracts a part of the light transmitted by being totally reflected in the optical waveguide 118 and emits it out of the optical waveguide. Since the display 120 is at the focal position of the lens 121, the light beam emitted from the center 122 of the image displayed on the display 120 enters the optical waveguide 118 as a parallel light beam. Then, the light is totally reflected in the optical waveguide 118, and a part of the light is emitted from the optical waveguide 118 as a parallel light beam 123 by the hologram 119. The light beam reflected by the hologram 119 continues to be totally reflected inside the optical waveguide 118, and a part of the light beam is emitted out of the optical waveguide 118 as a parallel light beam by the hologram 119. That is, the light beam is emitted in the direction of 125 as a thick parallel light beam from almost the entire surface 124 of the optical waveguide. The light beam emitted from the end 126 of the image displayed on the display becomes a parallel light beam and enters the optical waveguide 118. The light is then totally reflected through the optical waveguide 118, and a part thereof is emitted as a parallel light beam by the hologram 119. The direction is 127.

  The light beam from the opposite end of the display is emitted from the optical waveguide 118 as a parallel light beam in 128 directions. That is, a small pupil of the lens 121 is synthesized from the surface 124 of the optical waveguide 118, and a large parallel light beam is emitted. The observer can see the image displayed on the display 120 at a position away from the optical waveguide 118. Because of the parallel light flux, even presbyopic people can see the displayed image. FIG. 23 shows an example of unidirectional waveguide, and such a unidirectional waveguide forms an elongated display portion. By combining two or more optical waveguides in different directions, a display portion having a normal aspect ratio can be formed. This is shown in FIG. The optical waveguide 118 guides light in the direction 130 and makes the light incident on the optical waveguide 129. The optical waveguide 129 located below guides light in the direction of 131. As a result, the small pupil of the lens 121 can be synthesized into a large pupil. That is, a parallel light beam is emitted in all directions 133 from the entire surface 132 of the optical waveguide 129. This means that, like a loupe, this is observing a virtual image. However, unlike a loupe, the system is as thin as a very thin optical waveguide.

(Seventh embodiment)
25 and 26 show a virtual image display type display unit according to the seventh embodiment. The display unit of the present embodiment is an example applied to a digital camera (electronic device) that looks into the monitor 151 (display) with the loupe 152. An optical path through which the monitor 151 of the digital camera 150 is viewed with the loupe 152 is formed by two mirrors 153 and 154. FIG. 26A shows an optical path when the digital camera 150 is viewed from the side during use. The light emitted from the monitor 151 is reflected by the mirror 154, further reflected by the mirror 153, converted into a parallel light beam by the loupe 152, and enters the observer's eyes. With such a configuration, the observer can observe the image displayed on the monitor 151 as a virtual image via the loupe 152. FIG. 28B shows a case where the loupe 152 and the mirrors 153 and 154 are stored. In this way, it can be reduced when carried.

  Returning to FIG. 25, the description will be continued. A touch panel 158 is provided on the surface of the loupe 152. The eye of the observer is photographed by the detection camera 155, and the eye position, that is, the direction and the distance are detected. This makes it possible to clarify at what position and in what size the virtual image is observed with respect to the opening of the loupe 152. Therefore, the relative position and relative size with respect to the coordinate axis of the touch panel 158 provided on the surface of the loupe 152 can be grasped. An observer can touch the touch panel 158 while viewing an image displayed as a virtual image. That is, it is possible to operate the digital camera 150 based on a GUI (Graphical User Interface) displayed as a virtual image, select a desired shooting mode, and press the shutter 156 to take an image.

  Further, as described in the fifth embodiment, when changing at least one of the position or size of the virtual image based on the position of the observer, the observer can visually recognize the entire virtual image to be displayed. Become. Specifically, when there is an observer facing substantially the front of the loupe 152, the observer can observe a virtual image in the center of the loupe 152. Even when the observer moves from the front of the loupe 152, a virtual image is observed near the center of the loupe 152 by changing at least one of the position and size of the image following the position of the eyes of the observer. It becomes possible to do.

(Eighth embodiment)
In various embodiments using the touch panel described above, by detecting the position of the eye of the observer with respect to the display device, the opening of the virtual image display type display device, that is, the effective position of the touch panel and the relative position of the image displayed by the virtual image, and It was shown that the relative size can be specified. By identifying which position of the virtual image (image) the touch position output from the touch panel is based on the relative position and relative size of the identified image, it is clear to which part of the image the touch panel input was performed. become. Therefore, even when the observation position of the observer moves, it is possible to specify an icon or the like that the observer is touching and control the electronic device. By the way, in the display apparatus of medical equipment, it is preferable that input can be performed without touching the touch panel from a hygienic viewpoint.

  As a form that does not touch the touch panel, a method of detecting the position of the user's finger and identifying which object is indicated among the objects displayed on the display device can be considered. That is, in place of the touch panel, a finger position near the display surface of the display device is specified in a non-contact manner by detecting the position and movement of the finger near the display opening of the display device. According to such a method, it is possible to specify an object to be displayed corresponding to the position of the display surface pointed to by the user.

  In order to detect the position and movement of the finger, it is conceivable to use a camera that captures the vicinity of the display opening of the display device. This camera may also be used as the camera for detecting the position of the observer's eye described above. By detecting the position and movement of the user's finger based on the imaging information captured by the camera and specifying which object is pointing, it is possible to perform operations on objects such as icons. At that time, by specifying the object with reference to the position of the eye of the observer, the user can operate the object intended even when the position of the observer changes.

  The touch panel in the present invention includes input means having a function of detecting the position of the display surface of the display device as described above in a non-contact manner. Further, the touch position in the present invention includes a position on the display surface of the display device that is specified in a non-contact manner using such input means.

  As described above, various embodiments have been described as examples of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and embodiments configured by appropriately combining the configurations of the embodiments are also included in the present invention. It is a category.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Lens array, 2 ... Display device, 3 ... Lens, 4 ... Display area, 5 ... Parallel light, 6 ... Lens of an observer's eye, 8 ... Shield part, 7 ... Image reflected on retina, 29 ... Touch panel 118 ... Optical waveguide, 119 ... Hologram, 121 ... Lens, 122 ... Display, 123 ... Parallel light beam, 124 ... Surface of optical waveguide, 125, 127, 128 ... Ejecting direction of parallel light beam, 126 ... Image end, 129 ... Optical waveguide, 130, 131 ... Waveguide direction of optical waveguide, 132 ... Surface of optical waveguide, 133 ... Ejecting direction of parallel light beam, 140 ... Eye of observer, 141 ... Display device, 142 ... Virtual image, 143 ... Image, 150 ... Digital camera, 151 ... Monitor (display), 152 ... Loupe, 153 ... Mirror, 154 ... Mirror, 155 ... Detection camera, 156 ... Shutter, 157 ... Ejected Ruhikaritaba, 158 ... touch panel

The present invention relates to a display device for displaying an image to an observer.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a practical thin display device that can be easily focused.

In order to solve such a problem, a display device according to the present invention includes:
A flat panel display including a display device, a display unit capable of displaying a virtual image farther than the display surface of the flat panel display when viewed directly from an observer;
A sensor that detects the face or eye direction of the observer;
A detection process for detecting the direction of the observer's face or eyes relative to the display unit based on the output of the sensor, and the display unit based on the direction of the observer's face or eyes detected by the detection process A visual field adjustment process for changing the direction of the virtual image to be displayed;
It is provided with.

Claims (24)

A lens array having a plurality of lenses;
A plurality of display areas respectively corresponding to the lenses,
The display device, wherein the same image is displayed in the plurality of display areas. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the lens projects the display displayed in the corresponding display area to infinity. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the lens array includes a shielding portion between the lenses. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lens has the same shape as the display area. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an opening of the lens is 0.3 mm or more. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of display areas are displayed by a single display device. The rotation error α when the lens array and the display device are combined satisfies the following condition α <vertical length of the display area / horizontal length of the display range of the display device. The display device described. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the display device includes any one of a liquid crystal device, a self-luminous device, and electronic paper. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: an image processing unit that duplicates one image signal and displays an image in each of the display areas. 9. The direction of a light beam emitted from each lens is changed by moving an image displayed in the display area or the lens array. 10. Display device. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the display area is moved based on the detected position of the observer. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a touch panel. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the position or distance of the observer is detected by a camera. An electronic apparatus comprising the display device according to any one of claims 1 to 13. A display device according to claim 13;
An electronic apparatus comprising the camera capable of imaging an observer. A display unit capable of displaying a virtual image farther than the display surface as viewed from the observer;
A touch panel provided on a surface of the display unit and outputting position information based on a touch position. An imaging unit for imaging the observer;
A detection process for detecting a position of an observer's eye with respect to the display unit based on an output of the imaging unit;
A control unit capable of executing, based on the position of the eye of the observer detected by the detection process, a specifying process for specifying a positional relationship between the position information output from the touch panel and a virtual image to be displayed; The display device according to claim 16, wherein the display device is provided. The specifying process specifies the positional relationship between the position information output from the touch panel and a virtual image to be displayed based on a preset position of either the right eye or the left eye of the observer. The display device according to claim 17. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the control unit can set a right eye or a left eye of an observer used in the specifying process. The control unit displays a predetermined mark on the display unit and, based on position information output from the touch panel when the mark is displayed, the right or left eye of the observer used in the specifying process The display device according to claim 18, wherein the detection eye determination process for determining the eye is executable. The control unit can execute a visual field adjustment process for changing at least one of a position or a size of a virtual image displayed on the display unit based on the position of the observer's eye detected by the detection process. Item 21. The electronic device according to any one of Items 17 to 20. The visual field adjustment process changes at least one of a position and a size of the virtual image so that a predetermined region of the virtual image displayed on the display unit can be observed by the observer. The electronic device as described in. An electronic apparatus comprising the display device according to any one of claims 16 to 22. A display unit capable of displaying a virtual image farther than the display surface as viewed from the observer;
A touch panel provided on the surface of the display unit and outputting position information based on an operation position;
In a program for a display device that can be executed by a display device including an imaging unit that images an observer,
A detection process for detecting a position of an observer's eye with respect to the display unit based on an output of the imaging unit;
Based on the position of the eye of the observer detected by the detection process, the specification process for specifying the positional relationship between the position information output from the touch panel and the virtual image to be displayed can be executed. Yes Display device program.

Images