JPWO2007111306A1 - Lipid metabolism improver - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a food or pharmaceutical composition comprising kaklol. Kakrol fruit and vegetables native to Bangladesh is similar to bitter gourd. The food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used to treat hyperlipidemia (primary (familial, sporadic), secondary, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-cholesterolemia in diseases or conditions related to lipid metabolism. ), Arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease (including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction), cerebrovascular disorder (including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage), or lifestyle-related diseases. The food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention inhibits lipid absorption.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cucumber which is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new function of Kaklol as a lipid metabolism improving agent. The present invention is useful in the food and pharmaceutical fields.

  Bittern and seeds are traditionally used in South Asia as a medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes. Recent studies have reported that serum and liver TGs are decreased to prevent fatty liver (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2). Furthermore, although the mechanism of action is not yet elucidated, an action for improving diabetes has been recognized (Non-patent Document 3, Patent Document 1). Thus, bitter gourd is a useful vegetable with various high functions such as diabetes and improvement of hyperlipidemia.

On the other hand, kakrol (Kakrol, Momordica dioica Roxb.) Is a vegetable harvested in the rainy season around Bangladesh. Like bitter gourd, it belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has a similar shape to bitter gourd but not as bitter as bitter gourd. So far, cucumber has been studied from the aspects of cultivation method, parthenocarpy, plant regeneration from tissue culture callus, and morphological and physiological characteristics (Non-Patent Documents 4 to 7).

In addition, kaklol is known to have a high vitamin content, but there is room for studying many functionalities.
JP 11-59692 (Patent No. 3261090) Gamarallage VK Senanayake, et al., J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 50 253-257, 2004 Gamarallage VK Senanayake, et al., J. Ethnoparmacology, 91 257-262, 2004 Dhanasekar S., et al., Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28 (6) 978-983, 2005 Mohammad Ali, et al., Scientia Horticulturae, 47 335-343, 1991 Mohammad Nazmul Islam Mnik, et al., J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 45 (2) 459-463, 2001 Shaila Arifa Nabi, et al., J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 46 (2) 303-309, 2002 Mohammad Golam Rasul, et al., J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 49 (1) 1-11, 2004

  The present inventors examined the influence of a diet containing 3% kakrol powder on lipid metabolism in SD rats. As a result, it was confirmed that the group fed a diet containing kaklol showed a significant improvement in the index related to lipid metabolism and that the amount of fatty acid excreted in feces was significantly higher than the control group. Discovered and completed the present invention.

  The present invention provides a food or pharmaceutical composition that includes a cucumber and a food or pharmaceutically acceptable additive.

Kakrol (scientific name: Momordica dioica Roxb.) Is a plant belonging to the genus Momordica , the same cucurbitaceae as Nigauri. Kakroll is a vine perennial, sexually different strain, and forms tuberous roots in the basement (see Figures 1-4). It is said to be native to the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, suitable for hot and humid climates, and easy to grow. In Bangladesh it is an important vegetable during the rainy season. The fruit is lemon-shaped, covered with small protrusions, each weighing 50-100 g, and has no bitter taste like bitter gourd.

  When kakroll is used in the food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, any variety can be used regardless of the cultivation method, morphological and physiological characteristics. With respect to the cultivation method and morphological / physiological characteristics of kakroll, those skilled in the art can refer to the above-mentioned Non-Patent Documents 4 to 7 and the like.

  In this specification, the term “cuck roll” refers to the whole or a part of a plant body of a cuck roll, unless otherwise specified, and includes a cuck roll fruit (a fruit at a stage suitable for eating (fruits and vegetables). ) Refers to “kuck roll”.), Including pulp, skin, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and buds. Fruit is suitable as a raw material for the food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. The fruit may be used as it is without removing the skin and seeds. At the fruit stage (fruit and vegetables) suitable for eating kakroll, the seeds are still soft and can be eaten with the pulp. If necessary, pulp, skin or seed may be used alone or in combination.

  In the present specification, “kuck roll” refers to an extract, an extract residue, a fraction, an isolate, and a concentrate obtained from kak roll, regardless of whether or not processed, unless otherwise specified. Including processed and dried products.

  The dried product includes a lyophilized product powder. The extract includes an extract with water or an aqueous solvent, and an extract with an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, hexane, and acetone.

  In the food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, fruits and vegetables can be used as a dried product.

  The food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is useful for treating diseases or conditions associated with lipid metabolism. More particularly, it is useful for treating diseases or conditions associated with serum lipid levels or liver lipid levels. Serum lipids and liver lipids include cholesterol (free type and ester type), triacylglycerol (TG) (triglyceride, sometimes referred to as neutral fat), phospholipid (PL), and non-ester type fatty acid. The food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is particularly effective for reducing serum total cholesterol concentration, liver cholesterol concentration, triacylglycerol (TG) concentration, and / or phospholipid (PL) concentration. . More specifically, the food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention includes hyperlipidemia (primary (familial, sporadic), secondary. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high cholesterol Including hypertriglyceridemia), arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction), cerebrovascular disorder (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage), fatty liver, diabetes, obesity, lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes, stroke) , Heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity). According to the study by the present inventors, in the evaluation in 9-18 week-old male and female apo E-deficient mice, the group ingested dried kakrol fruit and vegetables was thiobarbituric acid in the serum. Since the reactant (TBARS) concentration was lower than that in the control group (see Example 4), the pharmaceutical or food composition of the present invention treated a disease or condition related to oxidative stress (eg, arteriosclerosis). Is considered to be particularly useful.

  According to the study by the present inventors, in the evaluation with 5-week-old male SD rats, the group that ingested dried kakrol fruit and vegetables had a lower serum total cholesterol concentration than the control group. In particular, it was considered that LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced (see Example 3). In the evaluation of 9-18 week old male and female apo E deficient mice, the group that ingested dried kakrol fruit and vegetables had significant serum total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL concentrations compared to the control group. However, the HDL concentration was not significantly different between the groups (see Example 4). Therefore, the pharmaceutical or food composition of the present invention is particularly useful for treating hypercholesterolemia and / or hyper LDL-cholesterolemia.

  In addition, according to the study by the present inventors, in the evaluation with 5-week-old male SD rats, the group that ingested the dried kakrol fruit and vegetables had a diet efficiency, liver weight, pancreas weight, serum amylase activity. The experimental result was higher than that of the control group (see Example 3). A high dietary efficiency means that energy metabolism has been made more efficient, and an increase in liver weight suggests the possibility of hypermetabolism rather than fatty liver. Furthermore, the increase in pancreatic weight has the potential to efficiently perform blood glucose regulating effects such as digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon, and serum amylase increases with the increase in pancreatic weight. Means active activity. Therefore, the food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions that are ameliorated by the action of such kakrol.

  Furthermore, according to the study by the present inventors, in the evaluation in 7-week-old male SD rats, the amount of fatty acid excreted in the feces of the group ingested dried kakrol fruit and vegetables was significantly higher than that in the control group. (See Example 4). Therefore, the pharmaceutical or food composition of the present invention has an action of inhibiting the absorption of diet-derived lipids, and is also useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions that are ameliorated by the action of such kakrol. In the present specification, the term “lipid” in relation to absorption in a living body, except for special cases, is a simple lipid (for example, fat and oil; fat is a trivalent ester composed of a fatty acid and glycerin, Triglyceride (TG)), complex lipids (eg phospholipids, glycolipids), and cholesterol. Simple lipids and complex lipids contain unsaturated fatty acids or saturated fatty acids as constituents. Inhibition of lipid absorption can usually be evaluated by measuring the amount of fatty acid excreted or absorbed.

  In the present specification, when a disease or condition is referred to as “treating”, except for special cases, prevention or treatment, mild suppression, or suppression of progression of the target disease or condition. means. “Treatment” includes fundamental therapy and includes long-term prevention and / or therapy.

  The food composition of the present invention includes those in the form of beverages. The food composition of the present invention may be a nutritional functional food, a food for specified health use, a health food, a nutritional supplement, a drink, a juice, a concentrated juice, or the like. The food composition can also be in the form of a dried product, a processed product (eg pickled, salted, soy sauce, miso pickled, nuka miso pickled, pickled, pickled, seasoned, pickled), extract, According to the case where it is a pharmaceutical composition demonstrated below, it can also be set as forms, such as a capsule containing an extract and a concentrate, a tablet, a pill, a tablet, a powder, a granule. The amount of kaklol taken as a food composition can be appropriately determined according to the case of a pharmaceutical composition described below.

  The food composition of the present invention contains various food-acceptable additives such as sweeteners, colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, flavors, acidulants, seasonings, fungicides (antifungal agents), pH. It may contain a regulator, a nutrient enhancer, an emulsifier, a thickener, a stabilizer, a gelling agent, a paste, a color former, and a bleaching agent.

  When the composition of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical composition, the amount, administration period, and interval of the active ingredient kakrol can be appropriately determined according to the purpose, symptoms, subject's age, weight, and the like. For therapeutic purposes, for example, a clinically effective amount can be administered continuously for weeks to months. More specifically, an amount equivalent to 10 g to 1000 g (preferably 25 g to 500 g, more preferably 50 g to 250 g) as a dried product of fruits and vegetables per day is given to an adult patient once a day. Or it can divide and administer several times (for example, 3 times). Formulations designed to contain such amounts of 1/10 to 1/1 (eg, 1/3) in a unit dosage form are one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

  In addition, for the purpose of maintaining health and / or preventing onset, administration in a smaller amount may be effective. More specifically, for an adult subject, the amount corresponding to 1 g to 100 g (preferably 2.5 g to 50 g, more preferably 5 g to 25 g) per day as a dried product of fruits and vegetables (see Examples) Can be administered in a single dose or divided into multiple doses. A formulation designed to contain such an amount of 1/10 to 1/1 in one unit dosage form is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

  For those skilled in the art, the amount corresponding to the dried product of fruits and vegetables can be obtained by referring to the examples and the like of the present specification, and the whole fruits and vegetables, extracts of fruits and vegetables, extract residues, fractions, isolates and concentrates. Alternatively, a processed product, or a part of a fruit or vegetable (for example, pulp, skin, seed), a dried product, an extract, an extract residue, a fraction, an isolate, a concentrate, or a processed product may be obtained. it can.

  The administration route and dosage form can also be designed as appropriate. For example, it can be formulated for systemic administration or topical administration, and is used as an internal preparation, external preparation, solid preparation, liquid preparation, powder, granule Agent, capsule, tablet, pill, tablet, extract, ointment, plaster, haptic, lotion, liniment, or suppository. Moreover, it can also be set as a sustained release formulation and a controlled release formulation. Formulation can be performed according to conventional methods.

  The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises various pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coating agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, buffers. An agent may be included.

  The food or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for other diet therapy (fat restriction, sugar / alcohol restriction, high intake of dietary fiber, etc.), drug therapy (anticholesterol drugs such as cholestyramine, nicotinic acid, and mevalotin). Medication), can be used in combination with exercise therapy.

  The composition of the present invention has a specific use thereof (for example, prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, improvement of constitution, long-term treatment, etc.) and / or a specific usage thereof (for example, , Amount, number of times, continuous use, period, etc.) can be displayed.

  The present invention also provides a method for treating a disease or condition related to lipid metabolism in a human or non-human animal, which improves lipid metabolism by ingesting kakrol, a lipid metabolism improving agent containing kakrol, and kaklol. Also provided is a product that includes guidelines for use to improve lipid metabolism (eg, information about specific uses and / or specific uses thereof, a document describing such information). Moreover, the lipid absorption inhibitor including the method of inhibiting lipid absorption including ingesting kkroll and kkroll is also provided.

FIG. 1 is a photograph of the entire crawl. FIG. 2 is a photograph of cucumber fruit. FIG. 3 is a photograph of cucumber fruit. FIG. 4 is a photograph of the cock roll tuberous root.

[Example 1: Component comparison, etc.]
Ingredients and fatty acid compositions were compared for the fruits and vegetables of Kakroll grown in Kyushu University. As a control, bitter gourd (Sadohara No. 3) was used.

  The ingredients of cucumber and bitter gourd are shown in the table below.

また、脂肪酸組成を下表に示した。

The fatty acid composition is shown in the table below.

測定は、Folch法（クロロホルム/メタノール=2：1）で抽出後、けん化し、脂肪酸画分をガスクロマトグラフィーで行った。

The measurement was performed by the Folch method (chloroform / methanol = 2: 1), saponified, and the fatty acid fraction was subjected to gas chromatography.

  Compared to bitter gourd, Kakroll has a low amount of lipid (low calories), but it contains a large amount of -tocopherol (vitamin E) and a large amount of linoleic acid, which has a strong serum cholesterol lowering effect. In addition, although the cholesterol lowering effect | action of kakrol is mentioned later, from the content, this linoleic acid is effective and does not lower cholesterol.

[Example 2: Preparation of freeze-dried powder]
The cucumber fruits and vegetables were cut into 3 cm squares, freeze-dried, and pulverized with a mixer. From 1004 g of fruits and vegetables, 131.3 g of pale green powder was obtained. The resulting dried product had no bitterness, resembled the taste of cucumber, and had a blue smell. This was used in the following examples.

[Example 3: Evaluation of influence on lipid metabolism]
Method:
Five weeks old male SD rats were preliminarily raised on a commercially available solid diet for 1 week, and then divided into 2 groups according to body weight, so that 6 rats per group were obtained. According to AIN-76 (American Institute of Nutrition, AIN) composition, a control diet containing 5% corn oil (control group), and 5% corn oil and 3% kakrol lyophilized powder ( A kakroll meal (cuck roll group) containing Example 2) was fed while adjusting the amount of food intake, and was bred for 2 weeks.

  The diet composition is shown in the table below.

絶食をさせずに断頭により屠殺後、肝臓、膵臓、白色脂肪組織（睾丸周辺、腸間膜周辺、腹膜後腔周辺）及び筋肉を摘出した。肝臓脂質は化学法（コレステロール：Sperry S., J. Biol. Chem., 187, 97-106, 1950, トリグリセリド：Fletcher S., Clin. Chim. Acta. 22, 393-397, 1968, リン脂質：Rouser S., Lipids, 1, 85-86, 1966）により測定し、血清脂質は酵素法キット（コレステロール：デターミナーTC555、協和メディクス、HDL分画試薬：簡易DCM 測定法, トリグリセリド：トリグリセライドE-テストワコー、和光純薬工業）、血清グルコースは酵素法キット（グルコースC-II-テストワコー、和光純薬工業）を用いて測定した。血清アミラーゼ濃度はキット（アミラーゼテストワコー、和光純薬工業）を用いて測定した。また、肝臓の脂肪酸合成系・脂肪酸酸化系の酵素活性を測定した。

After being killed by decapitation without fasting, the liver, pancreas, white adipose tissue (around the testicles, around the mesentery, around the retroperitoneum) and muscles were removed. Liver lipids are chemically treated (cholesterol: Sperry S., J. Biol. Chem., 187, 97-106, 1950, triglycerides: Fletcher S., Clin. Chim. Acta. 22, 393-397, 1968, phospholipids: Rouser S., Lipids, 1, 85-86, 1966). Serum lipids are measured by enzyme method kit (cholesterol: Determiner TC555, Kyowa Medics, HDL fractionation reagent: simple DCM assay, triglyceride: triglyceride E-test Wako. , Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and serum glucose were measured using an enzyme method kit (glucose C-II-Test Wako, Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Serum amylase concentration was measured using a kit (Amylase Test Wako, Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Moreover, the enzyme activity of the fatty acid synthesis system and fatty acid oxidation system of the liver was measured.

result:
The results are shown in the table below.

体重増加量、終体重、摂食量及び脂肪組織重量に群間に有意差は見られなかったが、食効率、肝臓重量及び膵臓重量はControl群と比較してKakrol群が有意に増加した。また、相対筋重量は有意に減少した。

There were no significant differences among the groups in body weight gain, final body weight, food intake, and adipose tissue weight, but food efficiency, liver weight, and pancreas weight were significantly increased in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group. In addition, the relative muscle weight was significantly reduced.

血清中のGOT活性は群間に有意差は見られなかったが、血清中のアミラーゼ活性はControl群と比較してKakrol群が有意に増加した。

There was no significant difference in serum GOT activity between groups, but amylase activity in serum was significantly increased in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group.

血清中の総コレステロール濃度、HDL-コレステロール濃度はControl群と比較してKakrol群が有意に減少した。HDL-コレステロール濃度の低下が総コレステロール濃度の低下に比較して少ないことから、LDL-コレステロール+VLDL-コレステロールがかなり低下したと考えられる。

Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group. Since the decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentration is small compared to the decrease in total cholesterol concentration, LDL-cholesterol + VLDL-cholesterol is considered to have decreased considerably.

 In addition, the cholesterol concentration, triacylglycerol (TG) concentration, and phospholipid (PL) concentration in the liver were significantly decreased in the Kakrol group as compared to the Control group. In the serum TG concentration and serum glucose concentration, no significant difference was observed between the groups.

FAS、Malic Enzyme及びG6PDH活性は群間に有意差は見られなかった。また、CPT活性も群間に有意差は見られなかった。一方、ACO活性は、Control群と比較してKakrol群が有意に減少した。

FAS, Malic Enzyme and G6PDH activities were not significantly different between groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in CPT activity between groups. On the other hand, the ACO activity was significantly decreased in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group.

Discussion:
It was suggested that Kakrol has an effect of lowering serum cholesterol concentration and contains a substance showing an action of lowering liver lipids. Examples of food components that have the same effect include soy protein, and the proportion of soy protein in the diet at that time is 20%. It can be said that the result in the present Example in a 3% cucumber meal is remarkable which cannot be predicted from conventional food ingredients.

[Example 4: Evaluation of influence on lipid metabolism]
SD rats or apoE-deficient mice were ingested with Kakrol lyophilized powder, and the effects of Kakrol on lipid metabolism and the mechanism of action were examined.

Method:
[Experiment 1 Measurement of Fatty Acid Excretion in Feces]
A diet containing 5% corn oil according to AIN-76 composition (Control group), a diet containing 5% corn oil and 3% Kakrol lyophilized powder (Kakrol group), 5% corn oil and 3% bittern lyophilized powder The feces of 7-week-old male SD rats fed with diet containing Bitter (Bitter gourd group) were collected for 3 days and the amount of fatty acid was measured by titration.

[Experiment 2: Evaluation of lipid metabolism in apoE-deficient mice]
After 29 weeks of male and female apo E deficient mice aged 9-18 weeks were pre-bred on a commercial solid diet for 1 week, according to AIN-76 composition, a control diet containing 10% lard (Control group, 8 males and 10 females) and 10 A Kakroll diet (Kakrol group, 6 males, 7 females) containing% lard and 3% Kakroll freeze-dried powder was bred for 9 weeks by Pair feeding.

  The diet composition is shown in the table below.

6時間絶食させた後、動脈採血により屠殺し、肝臓、心臓、白色脂肪組織(睾丸・卵巣周辺、腸間膜周辺、腹膜後腔・腎周辺、皮下)及び大動脈を摘出した。肝臓脂質は化学法により測定し、血清脂質は酵素法キットを用いて測定した（実施例3参照）。血清中のチオバルビツール酸反応物（TBARS）は化学法により測定した。

After fasting for 6 hours, the blood was sacrificed by arterial blood sampling, and the liver, heart, white adipose tissue (around testicle / ovary, mesentery, retroperitoneal cavity / around kidney, subcutaneous) and aorta were removed. Liver lipids were measured by chemical methods, and serum lipids were measured using an enzymatic method kit (see Example 3). Serum thiobarbituric acid reactant (TBARS) was measured by chemical method.

result:
[Experiment 1 Measurement of Fatty Acid Excretion in Feces]

糞中への脂肪酸排泄量は、Control群及びBitter gourd群と比較してKakrol群で有意に高かった。

The amount of fatty acid excreted in feces was significantly higher in the Kakrol group than in the Control group and the Bitter gourd group.

    [Experiment 2: Evaluation of lipid metabolism in apoE-deficient mice]

初体重、終体重、体重増加量、摂食量及び体重あたりの肝臓重量は群間に有意差は見られなかったが、食効率はControl群と比較してKakrol群で有意に低かった。

The initial body weight, the final body weight, the weight gain, the amount of food intake, and the liver weight per body weight were not significantly different among the groups, but the food efficiency was significantly lower in the Kakrol group than in the Control group.

総脂肪重量、腸間膜及び皮下脂肪組織重量はControl群と比較してKakrol群で有意に低かった。また、腹膜後腔及び腎周辺、睾丸・卵巣周辺の脂肪組織重量は群間に有意差は見られなかった。

Total fat weight, mesentery and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight were significantly lower in Kakrol group compared to Control group. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups in the weight of adipose tissue around the retroperitoneal cavity, around the kidney, and around the testicle / ovary.

血清中の総Chol濃度、VLDL及びLDL濃度はControl群と比較してKakrol群で有意に低かったが、HDL濃度は群間に有意差は見られなかった。一方、肝臓中の総Chol濃度、TG濃度は群間に有意差は見られなかったが、リン脂質はControl群と比較してKakrol群で有意に低かった。

The serum total Chol concentration, VLDL and LDL concentrations were significantly lower in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group, but HDL concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. On the other hand, the total Chol concentration and TG concentration in the liver were not significantly different between the groups, but phospholipids were significantly lower in the Kakrol group than in the Control group.

血清中のTBARS濃度はControl群と比較してKakrol群で有意に低かった。

Serum TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the Kakrol group compared to the Control group.

Discussion:
It was suggested that the action of Kakrol to lower liver lipid and serum cholesterol levels was due to suppression of TG absorption. Therefore, in order to clarify the mechanism of Kakroll's lipid absorption inhibition, we will investigate the effects on lipid transport in small intestinal absorption cells. In addition, we plan to make aortic sections of apoE-deficient mice raised this time and evaluate the effect of cuckroll on the progression of arteriosclerosis.

Claims (10)

  A food or pharmaceutical composition comprising cucumber and a food or pharmaceutically acceptable additive.   2. The food or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, for treating a disease or condition associated with lipid metabolism.   The disease or condition is hyperlipidemia (including primary (familial, sporadic), secondary, and hypercholesterolemia), fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease (anginal) 3. The food or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the food or pharmaceutical composition is a cerebrovascular disorder (including cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage) or a lifestyle-related disease.   The roll of kak roll is a roll of kak roll, a dried product, an extract, a fraction, an isolate, or a concentrate or any processed product thereof. A food or pharmaceutical composition.   A method for treating a disease or condition related to lipid metabolism, wherein lipid metabolism is improved by ingesting kakrol.   An agent for improving lipid metabolism, including kaklol.   A product comprising kakrol and guidelines for using kakrol for improving lipid metabolism. 5. The food or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4, comprising kak roll in an amount corresponding to 10 g to 1000 g (preferably 25 g to 500 g, more preferably 50 g to 250 g) as a dried product of fruits and vegetables.   A method for inhibiting lipid absorption, comprising ingesting cocolol.   Lipid absorption inhibitors, including cocolol.

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