JPWO2005088806A1 - Permanent magnet motor, driving method and manufacturing method thereof, refrigerant compressor and blower - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a technique that effectively uses the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet and contributes to cost reduction. In the present invention, the permanent magnets (14a, 14b) are arranged away from the magnetic barrier (19). Between the permanent magnets (14a, 14b) and the magnetic barrier (19), main body portions (10a, 10b) are exposed to face the stator. The main body (10a) between the permanent magnet (14a) and the magnetic barrier (19) has a first polarity and an S polarity due to the magnetic flux generated from the second magnetic pole surface (14aS) of the permanent magnet (14a). A pair of third magnetic pole faces (13aS1, 13aS2) are generated from both sides of the face (14aN) to face the stator 2. Similarly, a pair of first magnetic poles having N polarity and facing the stator (2) from both sides of the first magnetic pole surface (14bS) by the magnetic flux generated from the second magnetic pole surface (14bN) of the permanent magnet (14b). Three magnetic pole surfaces (13bN1, 13bN2) are generated.

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet electric motor, and relates to a technique for effectively utilizing a magnetic flux of a permanent magnet.

  Conventionally, permanent magnet motors use permanent magnets in the number of poles. For example, 4 magnets are used for 4 poles, and 6 magnets are used for 6 poles. Therefore, as the number of poles increases, the number of permanent magnets increases, and the number of processing and assembly steps increases.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a permanent magnet motor in which permanent magnets are provided for each pole pitch and the number of permanent magnets is halved. In these techniques, the polarity of the magnetic pole face of the permanent magnet facing the stator is the same. As a result, the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface far from the stator is bent to the rotor surface, and the magnetic pole functions as well in the rotor at a position where the permanent magnet does not face the stator.

  In a general surface magnet type electric motor, a ring-shaped permanent magnet magnetized with multiple poles is used. Thereby, a rotor with an arbitrary number of poles can be realized by an integral permanent magnet. Note that Patent Documents 3 to 9 are also related to the present invention.

JP-A-8-107639 JP-A-10-136593 JP-A-5-211796 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-275826 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-275828 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-341758 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-66284 JP-A-11-98731 JP-A-5-211796

  In the techniques described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, cost reduction is realized by halving the number of permanent magnets. However, all the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnet that are far from the rotor surface have the same polarity. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface far from the stator has not been effectively utilized as the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole formed on the stator at a position where the permanent magnet does not face. In addition, if the shaft is a magnetic body, there is also a problem that the bearing loss increases due to magnetization of the bearing and the like through the shaft.

  Further, a ring-shaped permanent magnet used in a surface magnet type electric motor has a high processing cost. Moreover, the permanent magnets are required for the entire circumference (360 degrees) in the rotational circumferential direction, and the actual situation is that the cost reduction due to the reduction of the number of permanent magnets is not necessarily obtained.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to effectively utilize the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet and thus contribute to cost reduction.

  A first aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention includes a stator (2) and a rotor (1) facing the stator via a gap (Agi, Agm). The rotor includes a main body (10) having a substantially cylindrical side surface (100) centered on the rotation axis (M), a first magnetic pole surface boundary position of the side surface in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis, and A magnetic barrier (101 to 104, 12, 45, 121 to 125, 14X, 14Y) that extends between the second magnetic pole face boundary positions (10Q1 to 10Q6) and inhibits transmission of magnetic flux, and the magnetic barrier A plurality of first and second magnetic pole faces (11aN, 11aS, 11bS, 11bN, 14aN, 14aS, 14bS, 14bN, 14cN, 14cS) each having a polarity different from each other. Permanent magnets (11a, 11b, 14a, 14b, 14c).

  A second aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the first aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the main body (10) is arranged adjacent to the circumferential direction of the rotor by the magnetic barrier. The magnetic poles are divided into 2n (n is an integer of 1 or more) magnetic flux generators (1a, 1b), and the polarities of the first magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets of the adjacent magnetic flux generators are opposite to each other. . In each of the permanent magnets, the first magnetic pole surface is opposed to the stator in the magnetic flux generation unit to which the permanent magnet belongs, and the main body between the permanent magnet and the magnetic barrier is formed by the magnetic flux from the second magnetic pole surface. In the portions (10m, 10n), third magnetic pole surfaces (13aS1, 13aS2; 13bN1, 13bN2) that are the same polarity as the second magnetic pole surface and face the stator are generated from both sides of the first magnetic pole surface.

  A third aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein a plurality of the rotors (1A, 1B; 1C, 1D, 1E) are provided, and a plurality of the rotors are provided. Are fixedly connected to share the rotating shaft. The positions of the first magnetic pole surfaces belonging to different rotors are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction.

  A fourth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the third aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein at least three of the rotors (1C, 1D, 1E) are provided, It further includes an inter-rotor magnetic barrier (5) that inhibits the transmission of magnetic flux between the magnetic flux generator and the magnetic flux generator of the rotor adjacent to the magnetic flux generator. The first magnetic pole surfaces of each of the rotors are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic pole surfaces of the different rotors are arranged with the same polarity in the direction of the rotation axis.

  A fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) is surrounded by the stator (2) and the second magnetic pole surface (11aS). , 11bN) is directed to the rotation center of the rotor.

  A sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) is a shaft that penetrates the main body portion (10m, 10n) at the center of rotation. (46) and a nonmagnetic boss (120) provided around the rotating shaft.

  A seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) is a non-passing through the body portion (10m, 10n) at the center of rotation. It further includes a magnetic shaft (45).

  An eighth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) is disposed at an end of the rotation center of the main body portion (10m, 10n). It further comprises a shaft (4) provided.

  A ninth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the magnetic barrier (124, 125) is located between the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b). A plurality of the magnetic barriers sandwich the rotating shaft. The rotor (1) further includes a shaft (46) passing through the rotor on the rotation axis.

  A tenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the main body portion (10m, 10n) is a part (10j, 10k) of the first magnetic pole surface. It is located closer to the stator (2) than (11aN, 11bS).

  An eleventh aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the tenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the main body portions (10m, 10n) are embedded holes (in which the permanent magnets (11a, 11b) are embedded). 11a0; 11b0). The end portions (101, 102) of the magnetic barrier (19) and the both ends of the embedded hole are arranged at positions where the magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) are substantially equally divided in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor (1). Is done.

  A twelfth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the eleventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the magnetic barrier (19) is the main body portion (10m) of the adjacent magnetic flux generator (1a; 1b). , 10n) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1), and thin portions (101, 102), and a non-magnetic member (12) extending at one end in contact with the thin portions. The circumferential width (Tm) at the position closest to the stator (2) at the end of the embedded hole (11a0, 11b0) and the thin portion interposed between the pair of adjacent magnetic flux generating portions The circumferential width (Tg) at the position closest to the stator is substantially equal.

  A thirteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the eleventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the magnetic barrier (19) rotates the main body of the adjacent magnetic flux generator (1a, 1b). The thin part (101,102) connected in the outer periphery of a child (1), and the nonmagnetic body (12) which has an end which contact | connects the said thin part, and is extended are provided. The thickness (Bm) between the end of the embedded hole (11a0) and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor is substantially equal to the thickness (Bg) of the thin portion.

  A fourteenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the main body portions (10m, 10n) are embedded holes (in which the permanent magnets (11a, 11b) are embedded). 11a0, 11b0), and the magnetic barrier (19) is connected to the main body of the adjacent magnetic flux generator (1a, 1b) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1), A non-magnetic body (12) extending at one end in contact with the thin portion. The thickness (Cg) of the nonmagnetic material (12) is larger than the thickness (Cm) of the buried hole.

  A fifteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twelfth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the gap (Agm) between the first magnetic pole surface (11aN, 11bS) and the stator is It is larger than the gap (Agi) between the third magnetic pole surface (13aS1, 13aS2, 13bN1, 13bN2) and the stator (2).

  A sixteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the fourteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the thickness (Cg) of the non-magnetic body (12) is the third magnetic pole surface (13aS1, 13aS2). , 13bN1, 13bN2) and the gap (Agi) between the stator (2) and about twice or more.

  A seventeenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the tenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the main body portions (10m, 10n) are embedded holes (in which the permanent magnets (11a, 11b) are embedded). 11a0, 11b0), and the end of the buried hole has a wide portion (9a, 9b) extending along the circumferential direction of the rotor (1).

  An eighteenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the tenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the main body portions (10m, 10n) are embedded holes (in which the permanent magnets (11a, 11b) are embedded). 11a0, 11b0) and nonmagnetic materials (91a, 91b) provided in close proximity to the end of the buried hole.

  A nineteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the tenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the magnetic barrier (19) is the main body portion (10m) of the adjacent magnetic flux generator (1a, 1b). , 10n) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1), thin-walled portions (101, 102), a non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin-walled portion, And a non-magnetic body (91c) provided close to the end portion while being separated.

  A twentieth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the tenth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the magnetic barrier (19) is the main body portion (10m) of the adjacent magnetic flux generator (1a, 1b). , 10n) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1), thin-walled portions (101, 102), a non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin-walled portion, And another permanent magnet having a magnetic pole surface which is provided at an end and has the same polarity as the second magnetic pole surface (11aS, 11bN) and faces the second magnetic pole surface.

  A twenty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the stator (2) has a first winding (A1, A2, A2) for generating a magnetic flux of 6n poles. A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) and a second winding (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) for generating a magnetic flux of 2n poles.

  A twenty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the first winding (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3). Is a concentrated winding, and the second windings (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) are wound as distributed windings.

  A twenty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the stator (2) includes the first winding (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) are further provided with a plurality of teeth (21) wound around. The second windings (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) are provided on the tooth portion via the first winding.

24th aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor, the stator (2), the first current (I _6A for generating a magnetic flux of 6n pole, I _6B , I _6C ) and a second path (I _2A , I _2B , I _2C , I _2D , I _2E , I _2F , I _2G , I _2H , I _2I ) that generates a 2n-pole magnetic flux, Windings (A to I).

  According to a first aspect of the method of driving a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the permanent magnet motor according to any one of the twenty-first to twenty-fourth aspects is configured such that the rotor has a value smaller than a predetermined rotational speed except during startup. (1) is a method of driving in a manner divided into a first case of rotation and a second case of rotation of the rotor at a value larger than the predetermined rotation speed. And at least in the first case, it is driven by the 6n-pole magnetic flux, and at least in the second case, it is driven by the 2n-pole magnetic flux.

  A second aspect of the method for driving a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is a method for driving the permanent magnet motor according to any one of the twenty-first to twenty-fourth aspects. When the driving state is stable and in the driving region including the maximum load set in the permanent magnet motor, the driving is performed by the magnetic flux of the 2n pole and the 6n pole.

A third aspect of the method for driving a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is a method for driving the permanent magnet motor according to any one of the twenty-first to twenty-fourth aspects. Then, the phase of the magnetic flux generated in the stator (2) is advanced by a positive value (β ₆ ) with respect to the angle (θ) of the rotor (1).

  In the manufacturing method of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the winding nozzle is swung between the plurality of teeth (21) of the stator (2), and the first winding is wound around the teeth ( A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) step and a second winding (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) previously wound on a predetermined winding frame with distributed winding ) Between the first windings, and providing the second windings on the tooth portions via the first windings.

  A twenty-fifth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the first aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the permanent magnets (14a, 14b, 14c) are arranged on the side surface with the rotating shaft (M) interposed therebetween. 100) between the first position (10P) and the second position (10R), which are substantially directly opposite to each other, extending adjacent to each other through the magnetic barrier. The rotor (1) extends from the vicinity of adjacent positions (14X, 14Y) between the permanent magnets to the first magnetic pole surface boundary position and the second magnetic pole surface boundary position, and the main body is moved together with the permanent magnet. And a non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) that is divided into a plurality of magnetically shielded main body portions (10a to 10f). The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is substantially orthogonal to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet and the rotation axis at least in the adjacent position or a portion excluding the adjacent position and the vicinity thereof.

  A twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the permanent magnets (14a, 14b, 14c) are mutually connected via the adjacent positions (14X, 14Y). They are connected to form a permanent magnet body (14), and the permanent magnet body at the adjacent position is magnetized without magnetization or along the rotation axis.

  A twenty-seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided passing through the vicinity of the rotating shaft (M).

  A twenty-eighth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the non-main body portion (10c, 10d) located on the first position (10P) side is separated. The magnetic bodies (122a, 122b) are convexly curved with respect to the main body portion located on the first position (10P) side, and the main body portions (10a, 10f) located on the second position (10R) side are curved. The non-magnetic bodies (121a, 121b) to be divided are convexly curved with respect to the main body portion located on the second position (10R) side.

  A twenty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided bypassing the vicinity of the rotating shaft (M).

  The 30th aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to this invention is the 29th aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided in the vicinity of the side surface (100).

  A thirty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the thirtieth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, and other magnetic barriers are provided in the vicinity of the first position (10P) and in the vicinity of the second position (10R). .

  A thirty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the first magnetic pole surface boundary position and the second magnetic pole surface boundary position (10Q1 to 10Q6), and The first position (10P) and the second position (10R) are disposed at positions that equally divide the side surface (100) of the rotor (1) in the circumferential direction.

  A thirty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the main body (10) is provided with a buried hole (13) for embedding the permanent magnet body (14). A width (Tg2) of the end of the non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) on the side surface (100) side along the side surface, and the embedding hole (13). The width (Tm) in the vicinity of the side surface is substantially equal.

  A thirty-fourth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the main body (10) is provided with an embedding hole (13) for embedding the permanent magnet body (14). The thickness (Bg) of the thin portion between the non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) and the side surface (100), the embedding hole (13) and the side surface ( 100) and the thickness (Bm) of the thin portion is substantially equal.

  A thirty-fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the width (Tg1) of the non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) is It is about twice or more of the space | gap between the said rotor (1) and the said stator (2).

  A thirty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the non-magnetic body (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) and the permanent magnet body (14 ) In contact with each other or separated by a thin part of the main body (10).

  A thirty-seventh aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the twenty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the rotor (1) is non-passing through the main body (10) on the rotating shaft (M). It further includes a magnetic shaft (40).

  A thirty-eighth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor according to the present invention is the twenty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor, wherein the rotor (1) is insulated through the main body (10) in the rotating shaft (M). A sex shaft (40).

  A thirty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) is disposed at an end of the rotating shaft (M) of the main body (10). It further comprises a shaft (4) provided.

  A 40th aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to this invention is the 26th aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the rotor (1) comprises a bearing holding portion (45s) and at least one rotor penetrating portion (45r). And a shaft (45). The rotor penetrating portion is eccentric with respect to the bearing holding portion, and the main body (10) is provided with a through hole (17) into which the rotor penetrating portion is fitted.

  A 41st aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to this invention is a 40th aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the through hole (17) and the rotor through part (45r) are provided in pairs, and the through hole Are drilled in two of the body parts of the same polarity.

  A forty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, and a plurality of the rotors (1A, 1B) are provided. The plurality of rotors are fixedly coupled with each other having a common rotation axis (M), and the positions of the permanent magnet bodies (14) belonging to different rotors are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction. .

  A forty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to this invention is the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) has anisotropy in the thickness direction.

  A fourth aspect of the method for driving a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention is a method for driving the permanent magnet motor according to any one of the twenty-sixth to the forty-third aspects, in which the magnetic flux generated in the stator (2) is reduced. The phase is advanced by a positive value with respect to the angle (θ) of the rotor (1).

  According to the first aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic flux is blocked by the magnetic barrier between the one side and the other side through the magnetic barrier, so that the magnetic flux obtained from the magnetic pole surface is rotated. Efficiently leads to the child's side. Moreover, since the magnetic barrier functions as a magnetic pole surface boundary, the magnetic pole surface of the rotor can be formed independently on each of the opposing sides through the magnetic barrier, and the number of magnetic pole surfaces per permanent magnet is two or more. You can also.

  According to the second aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface provide the field of the rotor, at least one permanent magnet is provided for each magnetic flux generating portion. If so, the number of poles of the rotor can be 6n.

  According to the third aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, torque pulsation can be reduced.

  According to the 4th aspect of the permanent magnet motor concerning this invention, it is easy to equalize magnetic attraction force. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of the roaring wood movement can be suppressed.

  According to the fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the permanent magnet motor can be applied to a so-called internal rotation type permanent magnet motor.

  According to the sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the third magnetic pole surface can be generated without hindering the function of the magnetic barrier even if a magnetic material is employed for the shaft.

  According to the seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the shaft is non-magnetic, the third magnetic pole surface can be generated without hindering the function of the magnetic barrier.

  According to the eighth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the shaft does not need to penetrate the main body, even if a magnetic material is used, the function of the magnetic barrier is not hindered and the third magnetic pole surface is generated. Can do.

  According to the ninth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic barrier prevents the center of rotation from the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux generator, so even if a magnetic material is used for the shaft, the function of the magnetic barrier is not hindered. The third magnetic pole surface can be generated.

  The tenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention can be applied to a so-called embedded magnet type permanent magnet motor.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor of the present invention, the magnetic pole surfaces of the rotor can be equally arranged at substantially equal angles, and the occurrence of the rotting wood movement of the rotor can be suppressed.

  According to the twelfth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced.

  According to the thirteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced. In addition, the stress is uniformly distributed, and the stress is not concentrated only in a certain portion, which is advantageous in terms of strength.

  According to the fourteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced. In addition, leakage of magnetic flux in the nonmagnetic material is reduced, and a decrease in magnetic flux density at the third magnetic pole surface is prevented.

  According to the fifteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced.

  According to the sixteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced. In addition, leakage of magnetic flux in the nonmagnetic material is reduced, and a decrease in magnetic flux density at the third magnetic pole surface is prevented.

  According to the seventeenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic flux is prevented from flowing in a short-circuit between the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface in the same magnetic flux generator. Thereby, the magnetic fluxes of the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface can be concentrated at the respective centers, and the torque is improved.

  According to the eighteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic flux is prevented from flowing in a short-circuit between the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface in the same magnetic flux generator. Thereby, the magnetic fluxes of the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface can be concentrated at the respective centers, and the torque is improved.

  According to the nineteenth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic flux is prevented from flowing in a short-circuit between the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface in the same magnetic flux generator. Thereby, the magnetic fluxes of the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface can be concentrated at the respective centers, and the torque is improved.

  According to the twentieth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the spatial harmonics of the magnetic flux can be reduced.

  According to the twenty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, 2n-pole reluctance torque can be obtained in addition to 6n-pole magnet torque. There is little problem that magnetic fluxes generated by the current flowing in the windings stored in the same slot cancel each other, which may occur in the concentrated winding.

  According to the twenty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, 2n-pole reluctance torque can be obtained in addition to 6n-pole magnet torque. There is little problem that magnetic fluxes generated by the current flowing in the windings stored in the same slot cancel each other, which may occur in the concentrated winding.

  According to the twenty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, 2n-pole reluctance torque can be obtained in addition to 6n-pole magnet torque.

  According to the twenty-fourth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, 2n-pole reluctance torque can be obtained in addition to 6n-pole magnet torque. Since the first current and the second current flow in the same winding, all of the windings can be used when driving with any current, and the use efficiency of the windings is increased.

  According to the first aspect of the method of driving the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the rotor rotation in the low speed operation becomes smooth while reducing the iron loss that tends to increase in the high speed operation.

  According to the second aspect of the driving method of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the current flowing is reduced, copper loss in a stable state operated for a long time, and copper mainly used in the driving region including the maximum load. Loss can be reduced.

  According to the third aspect of the method for driving the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the reluctance torque can be utilized.

  According to the manufacturing method of the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the winding groove between the plurality of tooth portions is accommodated over almost all, and the winding space factor can be improved.

  According to the twenty-fifth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the nonmagnetic material functions as a part of the magnetic barrier. One or both of the magnetic fluxes respectively generated from the pair of magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnet are guided to the side surface through the main body portion. At this time, since the magnetic flux separating adjacent positions is blocked by the magnetic barrier, a magnetic pole surface twice as large as the value obtained by adding 1 to the adjacent position is generated on the rotor side surface. Since the permanent magnet extends between the first type 2 position and the second type 2 position that are substantially opposite to each other on the side surface, the magnetic flux density at the magnetic pole surface can be made substantially equal.

  According to the twenty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the permanent magnet body at the adjacent position also functions as a magnetic barrier, a plurality of permanent magnets can be integrally formed.

  According to the twenty-seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic resistance from the permanent magnet body to the side surface in each of the main body portions can be easily made uniform.

  According to the twenty-eighth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic resistance from the permanent magnet body to the side surface in each of the main body portions can be easily made uniform.

  According to the twenty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the shaft penetrating the main body can be provided.

  According to the 30th aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet body can be effectively utilized to increase the torque.

  According to the thirty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, magnetic fluxes from both sides of the permanent magnet body are short-circuited and prevented from flowing near the first position and the second position.

  According to the thirty-second aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor of the present invention, the magnetic pole surfaces of the rotor can be equally arranged at substantially equal angles, and the occurrence of the swinging motion of the rotor can be suppressed.

  According to the thirty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic saliency in the vicinity of the side surface of the rotor viewed from the stator is made uniform.

  According to the thirty-fourth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the influence of the leakage magnetic flux in the thin portion can be made uniform. In addition, the stress is uniformly distributed, and the stress is not concentrated only in a certain portion, which is advantageous in terms of strength.

  According to the thirty-fifth aspect of the permanent magnet electric motor of the present invention, leakage of magnetic flux in the nonmagnetic material is reduced, and a decrease in magnetic flux density on the magnetic pole surface of the rotor is prevented.

  According to the thirty-sixth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the nonmagnetic material divides the main body together with the permanent magnet body into a plurality of main body portions that are magnetically shielded from each other.

  According to the thirty-seventh aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the shaft is non-magnetic, magnetic flux does not pass through the shaft and the magnetic flux is effectively utilized.

  According to the thirty-eighth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the generation of eddy current in the shaft is prevented.

  According to the thirty-ninth aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, since the shaft does not need to penetrate the main body, the degree of freedom increases in the arrangement of the permanent magnet body and the non-magnetic body, and the magnetic flux does not pass through the shaft. , Make effective use of magnetic flux.

  According to the 40th aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the rotor can rotate about the bearing holding portion.

  According to the forty-first aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, no magnetic flux short circuit occurs even if the shaft is a magnetic body.

  According to the forty-second aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, torque pulsation is reduced.

  According to the forty-third aspect of the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetization rate is good and the maximum energy product can be improved.

  According to the fourth aspect of the method for driving the permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, the reluctance torque can be utilized.

  A refrigerant compressor and a blower provided with the permanent magnet motor according to any one of the first to 43rd aspects of the present invention can also be obtained.

  The objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the permanent magnet electric motor concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the detail of the structure of the rotor concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the magnetic flux which flows into the stator and rotor concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the aspect of winding of the coil | winding of the stator concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a winding mode shown in FIG. 4. It is a graph which shows the electric current for generating the rotating magnetic flux concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the electric current for generating the rotating magnetic flux concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the magnetic flux in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the magnetic flux density in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the magnetic flux which flows into the stator used as a comparison and rotor with respect to 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the torque waveform concerning the effect of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which illustrates attachment of a shaft to a rotor concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other form of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the further another form of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the positional relationship of the embedding hole which embeds the permanent magnet concerning the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, and a thin part. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the suitable dimensional relationship about the rotor and stator concerning the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the motor concerning the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of the rotor and stator concerning the 5th Embodiment of this invention, and the positional relationship of a rotor and a stator. It is a graph which shows the torque waveform concerning the effect of the 5th Embodiment of this invention. The structure at the time of dividing a rotor into three in the 5th Embodiment of this invention is illustrated. It is a top view which shows the rotor magnetic barrier of the rotor concerning the 5th Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of the magnetic body pinched | interposed between the rotors concerning the 5th Embodiment of this invention is shown. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the 2nd coil | winding concerning the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of the 2nd coil | winding concerning the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the aspect of winding of the 2nd coil | winding concerning the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example which generates the magnetic flux of 2 pole concerning the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the coil | winding concentratedly wound by the tooth | gear part of the stator concerning the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure which sends the electric current for generating the magnetic flux of 6 poles, and the electric current for generating the magnetic flux of 2 poles. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into each phase winding. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of the rotor concerning the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure which the rotor concerning the 7th Embodiment of this invention deform | transformed. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure further deform | transformed of the rotor concerning the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the deformation | transformation of the structure of the permanent magnet in the rotor concerning the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of the rotor concerning the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the permanent magnet electric motor concerning the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a rotor in detail. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the magnetic flux in the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the torque waveform concerning the effect of the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the rotor concerning the 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the rotor concerning the 10th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure of the rotor 1 concerning the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure of the rotor concerning the deformation | transformation of the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the magnetic flux which flows in the deformation | transformation of the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the torque waveform obtained by the deformation | transformation of the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which illustrates the structure of the rotor concerning the 12th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure of the rotor concerning the deformation | transformation of the 12th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure of the rotor concerning other deformation | transformation of the 12th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which illustrates the aspect which provides a shaft with respect to a rotor. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a rotor. It is a perspective view which illustrates the aspect which provides a shaft with respect to a rotor. It is a perspective view which partially fractures and shows the structure of the motor concerning the 13th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of a rotor and a stator.

  In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the direction in which the magnetic flux flows includes not only the direction from the N pole to the S pole but also the case from the S pole to the N pole. Therefore, for example, the expression “generation of magnetic flux” is applied not only to the outflow of magnetic flux at the N pole, but also to the inflow of magnetic flux to the S pole.

  In the following description, a so-called inner rotation type structure in which the rotor is surrounded by the stator will be described as an example. However, the present invention can also be applied to a so-called outer rotation type in which the stator is surrounded by the rotor.

First embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets facing the stator are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the number of permanent magnets is reduced to 1/3 of the number of poles. Further, by guiding the magnetic flux in a predetermined direction, leakage of the magnetic flux to parts other than the motor is reduced.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the configuration of the permanent magnet motor according to the present embodiment as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. The permanent magnet motor includes a stator 2 and a rotor 1 that faces the stator 2 through a gap (because of its small size, it does not appear clearly in FIG. 1).

  The stator 2 includes a plurality of tooth portions 21 and an annular yoke 22 that connects the tooth portions 21 on the side opposite to the rotor 1. A winding is wound around the tooth portion 21, and the mode will be described later.

  The rotor 1 has magnetically permeable main body portions 10m and 10n, permanent magnets 11a and 11b, and a nonmagnetic material 12.

  The main body portions 10m and 10n of the rotor 1 are configured by laminating electromagnetic steel plates, for example. The permanent magnets 11a and 11b are embedded in, for example, permanent magnet embedding holes formed in the main body portions 10m and 10n. In this case, the rotor 1 is an embedded magnet type. However, the present invention may be applied to a surface magnet type in which a permanent magnet is exposed on the surface of the rotor 1.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing details of the structure of the rotor 1. A nonmagnetic material 12 exists between the main body portions 10m and 10n. Moreover, thin portions 101 and 102 are provided on both outer sides of the non-magnetic body 12, and these connect the main body portions 10m and 10n. The thin portions 101 and 102 are made of the same material as the main body portions 10m and 10n, and may be formed integrally, for example. However, since the thickness is small, magnetic saturation is likely to occur, and there is almost no function of transmitting magnetic flux between the main body portions 10m and 10n.

  The nonmagnetic body 12 is interposed between the main body portions 10 m and 10 n, while the main body portions 10 m and 10 n are close to the tooth portion 21 of the stator 2. Therefore, the transmission of the magnetic flux between the main body portions 10m and 10n is substantially inhibited by the non-magnetic body 12 and the thin portions 101 and 102.

  It can be understood that the rotor 1 has two magnetic flux generators 1a and 1b. The magnetic flux generators 1 a and 1 b are arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 1.

  The magnetic flux generator 1a has a main body portion 10m, a permanent magnet 11a, and a non-magnetic body 12 and portions of the thin portions 101 and 102 on the permanent magnet 11a side. The magnetic flux generator 1b has a main body portion 10m, a permanent magnet 11b, and a non-magnetic body 12 and portions of the thin portions 101 and 102 on the permanent magnet 11b side. As described above, since the non-magnetic body 12 and the thin portions 101 and 102 inhibit the transmission of magnetic flux between the main body portions 10m and 10n, they can be grasped together as the magnetic barrier 19.

  Therefore, it can be understood that the magnetic flux generators 1a and 1b share the magnetic barrier 19 at the boundary, and the magnetic flux generator 1a is located on the magnetic flux generator 1b side of the magnetic barrier 19 on the magnetic flux generator 1b side. It can also be understood that the magnetic flux generator 1b has a portion on the magnetic flux generator 1b side of the magnetic barrier 19 on the magnetic flux generator 1a side.

  The nonmagnetic body 12 may be a space formed in the main body portions 10 m and 10 n of the rotor 1. However, in order to increase the rigidity of the rotor 1, it is also desirable to fill the space with a nonmagnetic resin and adopt this as the nonmagnetic material 12.

  In the magnetic flux generator 1 a, the permanent magnet 11 a is arranged away from the magnetic barrier 19 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 1. Also in the magnetic flux generator 1b, the permanent magnet 11b is arranged away from the magnetic barrier 19 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 1.

  The permanent magnet 11a includes a first magnetic pole surface 11aN having N polarity and a second magnetic pole surface 11aS having S polarity. The first magnetic pole surface 11aN faces the stator 2. The permanent magnet 11b includes an S-polarity first magnetic pole surface 11bS and an N-polarity second magnetic pole surface 11bN. The first magnetic pole surfaces 11aN and 11bS are both opposed to the stator 2.

  As described above, the permanent magnets 11 a and 11 b are arranged away from the magnetic barrier 19. Therefore, between the permanent magnets 11a and 11b and the magnetic barrier 19, main body portions 10m and 10n are exposed to face the stator 2, respectively. The main body portion 10m between the permanent magnet 11a and the magnetic barrier 19 is opposed to the stator 2 from both sides of the first magnetic pole surface 11aN by the magnetic flux generated from the second magnetic pole surface 11aS of the permanent magnet 11a. A pair of third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1 and 13aS2 are generated.

  Further, the main body portion 10n between the permanent magnet 11b and the magnetic barrier 19 has the N polarity and the stator 2 from both sides of the first magnetic pole surface 11bS due to the magnetic flux generated from the second magnetic pole surface 11bN of the permanent magnet 11b. A pair of opposing third magnetic pole surfaces 13bN1 and 13bN2 are generated. In this example, the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1 and 13bN1 are positioned on the thin portion 101 side, and the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS2 and 13bN2 are positioned on the thin portion 102 side.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a result of simulating the magnetic flux flowing through the stator 2 and the rotor 1. However, there is shown a case where no winding is wound around the stator 2 or no current is passed even though it is wound.

  Although the magnetic flux flowing between the second magnetic pole surfaces 11bN and 11aS slightly exceeds the magnetic barrier, most of it flows to the stator 2. As a result, it can be seen that the magnetic flux generated from the second magnetic pole surfaces 11bN and 11aS is effectively used to form the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1, 13aS2, 13bN1, and 13bN2.

  In this way, when a magnetic flux slightly flows through the nonmagnetic body 12, it is desirable to employ an insulator or a substance having a high electrical resistance as the nonmagnetic body 12 so that an eddy current does not occur due to the fluctuation.

  4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a winding mode of the stator 2 and FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing the winding mode shown in FIG. The circled cross and the circled points in FIG. 4 indicate that the wiring faces from the paper surface to the back and from the paper surface to the front, respectively. However, these indications and arrows indicate the direction of the winding, and do not necessarily indicate the direction of current (the same applies to other drawings).

  A phase winding, a B phase winding, and a C phase winding are wound around the tooth portion 21 by concentrated winding on the stator 2. The A phase winding is constituted by windings A1, A2, and A3, the B phase winding is constituted by windings B1, B2, and B3, and the C phase winding is constituted by windings C1, C2, and C3, respectively. However, the windings A1, A2, A3 are connected in parallel to each other to form an A-phase winding, and the windings B1, B2, B3 are connected to each other in parallel to form a B-phase winding. Lines C1, C2, and C3 may be connected to each other in parallel to form a C-phase winding.

  The A-phase winding, B-phase winding, and C-phase winding are commonly connected to each other at the neutral point Z to form a star connection. The A-phase winding, the B-phase winding, and the C-phase winding are respectively supplied with the A-phase current IA, the B-phase IB, and the C-phase IC by the three-phase inverter 30 to generate a six-pole rotating magnetic flux.

  6 and 7 are graphs showing the phase currents IA, IB, IC for generating the rotating magnetic flux. FIG. 6 illustrates a three-phase sine wave current, and FIG. 7 illustrates a 120 ° rectangular wave current. However, these are schematically shown, and actually, an ON / OFF delay of current due to inductance, harmonics due to PWM control, and the like are superimposed.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a result of simulating the magnetic flux when the current shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is supplied at a position where the rotor 1 is rotated by an electrical angle of 180 degrees from the reference position of FIG. As with FIG. 3, it can be seen that the third magnetic pole surface is functioning.

  FIG. 9 is a graph in which the magnetic flux density on the surface of the rotor 1 among the magnetic fluxes shown in FIG. 8 is plotted against the angle in the circumferential direction. However, the absolute value of the magnetic flux density is an arbitrary unit, and positive / negative are shown corresponding to N / S, respectively. Further, the interval between the windings C3 and A1 is taken at 0 degree, and the angle is taken counterclockwise. The S pole and the N pole appear alternately three times over the entire circumference, and it can be seen that the magnetic flux density corresponding to the N pole and the magnetic flux density corresponding to the S pole are generated at substantially the same level.

  Since the third magnetic pole surface is obtained by substantially dividing the magnetic flux generated at the second magnetic pole surface into two parts, the magnetic flux density corresponding to the third magnetic pole surface is smaller than the magnetic flux density corresponding to the first magnetic pole surface. However, even with a conventional permanent magnet motor, the magnetic flux density is not necessarily symmetric if it is concentrated winding. Further, the torque is generated by the integration of the entire circumference of 360 °, and the magnetic attraction acting on each pole is almost zero for the integration of the entire circumference.

  Compared to the case where the first magnetic pole surface is adopted for all the magnetic poles appearing on the surface of the rotor 1 without using the third magnetic pole surface, the following is obtained. FIG. 10 shows a simulation result of magnetic flux flowing when six permanent magnets 111 to 116 are embedded in the rotor 1 and six magnetic poles are obtained only on the side facing the stator 2 (that is, the first magnetic pole surface). Show.

  The permanent magnets 111 to 116 generate substantially the same volume and magnetic flux as the permanent magnets 11aS and 11bN. However, the permanent magnets 11aS and 11bN have their first magnetic pole faces opposed to 1/6 of the surface of the rotor 1, whereas the first magnetic pole faces of the permanent magnets 111 to 116 are on the surface of the rotor 1. Cover an area smaller than 1/6. This is because the permanent magnets 111 to 116 are not brought into contact with each other.

  When obtaining FIG. 10, the current passed through the stator 2 in the simulation is the same as in the case of obtaining the simulation result shown in FIG.

  FIG. 11 is a graph showing the torque waveform Q1 of the structure according to the present invention shown in FIG. 3 and the torque waveform Q0 of the conventional structure shown in FIG. The horizontal axis represents the rotation angle, and shows a torque waveform for 1/3 rotation. The torque waveform Q1 is approximately 2/3 of the torque waveform Q0. Since the amount of permanent magnets used in the structure according to the present invention is about 1/3 of the amount of permanent magnets used in the conventional structure, the torque generated per unit volume of the permanent magnet is about doubled. ing. This means that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is effectively utilized.

Second embodiment.
Next, the desirable form of the shaft of the rotor 2 will be described. In the structure illustrated in FIG. 1, the shaft portion is abbreviated, but it is also a desirable form that the shaft is provided at a position that does not appear in the cross section. For example, it is also desirable to provide a resin-made shaft that is integrally formed with the non-magnetic body 12 and protrudes from one or both ends of the rotor 1.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a structure in which the shaft 4 is provided on one end of the rotor 1 in the rotation axis direction. You may provide the shaft 4 in both the said edge parts.

  The shaft 4 has a shaft main body 41 and an end plate 42. A hole 44 is formed at the center of the end plate 42, and a through hole 43 is formed around the hole 44. The shaft main body 41 is inserted into and fixed to the hole 44. Holes 15 are formed in the main body portions 10m and 10n at the ends of the rotor 1 in the rotation axis direction. The holes 15 and the holes 43 are arranged in correspondence with each other, and are fixed with bolts, rivets or the like (not shown).

  Since the shaft 44 does not penetrate the rotor 1, even if a magnetic material such as iron is used, the generation of the third magnetic pole surface is not hindered, and an increase in bearing loss can be avoided.

  Note that the end plate 42 may also serve as a balance weight. However, the end plate 42 is preferably a non-magnetic material. If a magnetic material is employed, the magnetic flux between the second magnetic pole faces of different permanent magnets flows through the end plate 42, and the third magnetic pole face is less likely to be generated.

  FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present embodiment, in which a nonmagnetic shaft 45 is provided so as to penetrate the rotor 1 in the direction of the rotation axis. The nonmagnetic body 12 shown in FIG. 1 is divided into two parts 121 and 122 by a nonmagnetic shaft 45. For example, stainless steel can be used for the shaft 45. Even in such a configuration, the shaft 45 and the portions 121 and 122 function as a part of the magnetic barrier, similarly to the nonmagnetic body 12.

  The shaft 45 and the portions 121 and 122 may be formed integrally, but may be formed independently of each other. For example, thin portions of the main body portions 10 m and 10 n may exist between the shaft 45 and the portions 121 and 122. However, in this case, it is desirable to reduce the thickness so that the thin portion functions as a part of the magnetic barrier.

  FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present embodiment, in which a magnetic shaft 46 is provided so as to penetrate the rotor 1 in the rotation axis direction. In addition to the portions 121 and 122 of the nonmagnetic body 12 shown in FIG. 13, a nonmagnetic boss 120 surrounding the shaft 46 is also provided.

  Since the boss 120 functions as a part of the magnetic barrier together with the portions 121 and 122, the magnetic flux is suppressed from flowing through the shaft 46.

Third embodiment.
Next, a preferred positional relationship between the permanent magnet and the magnetic barrier 19 will be described. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between the embedding holes 11 a 0 and 11 b 0 for embedding the permanent magnets and the thin portions 101 and 102 that are the end portions of the magnetic barrier 19. Permanent magnets 11a and 11b (not shown in FIG. 15: see FIGS. 1 and 2) are embedded in the embedding holes 11a0 and 11b0 almost to both ends thereof. However, it is not always necessary that the permanent magnets 11a and 11b are embedded to both ends of the embedded holes 11a0 and 11b0 strictly.

  Both ends of the embedded holes 11a0 and 11b0 are arranged at positions that divide the magnetic flux generating portions 1a and 1b substantially equally in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor 2. That is, one end of the embedded hole 11a0 is separated from the thin portion 101 by an angle θ111a in the circumferential direction, and one end and the other end of the embedded hole 11a0 are separated from each other by an angle θ11a in the circumferential direction. The other end is separated from the thin portion 102 in the circumferential direction by an angle θ112a. These angles θ111a, θ11a, and θ112a are substantially equal to each other.

  Similarly, one end of the embedded hole 11b0 is separated from the thin portion 101 by the angle θ111b in the circumferential direction, and one end and the other end of the embedded hole 11b0 are separated from each other by the angle θ11b in the circumferential direction. Is spaced apart from the thin portion 102 in the circumferential direction by an angle θ112b. These angles θ111b, θ11b, and θ112b are substantially equal to each other.

  Since the thin-walled portions 101 and 102 are arranged at positions that bisect the outer periphery of the rotor 2, positions at which both ends of the embedded holes 11 a 0 and 11 b 0 and the end of the magnetic barrier 19 divide the outer periphery of the rotor 2 approximately equally. It will be arranged in.

  In this way, the magnetic poles of the rotor 2 can be equally arranged at substantially equal angles. Thereby, since magnetic flux density becomes symmetrical with respect to an axial direction, generation | occurrence | production of the beaten wood movement of a rotor can be suppressed.

Fourth embodiment.
Next, a preferable dimensional relationship will be described. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a preferred dimensional relationship for the rotor 1 and the stator 2, and enlarges the vicinity of the gap between them.

  The nonmagnetic body 12 has one end in contact with the thin portion 101 interposed between the adjacent magnetic flux generation portions 1a and 1b. The thin portion 101 has a width Tg in the circumferential direction at a position closest to the stator 2. The position closest to the stator 2 at the end of the embedded hole 11a0 has a width Tm in the circumferential direction.

  Setting the widths Tg and Tm substantially equal is desirable from the viewpoint of reducing the unbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface.

  The thin portion 101 has a thickness Bg. A thin portion having a thickness Bm is formed between the end of the embedded hole 11a0 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 1.

  It is also desirable to set the thicknesses Bg and Bm substantially equal from the viewpoint of reducing the unbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface. In addition, the stress is distributed uniformly, and there is no portion where the stress is extremely concentrated, which is advantageous in terms of strength.

  The nonmagnetic body 12 has a thickness Cg except for the vicinity of the end portion, and the embedded hole 11a0 has a thickness Cm except for the vicinity of the end portion. Setting the thickness Cg to be greater than the thickness Cm also secures the amount of magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface and reduces the unbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface. Desirable from a viewpoint.

  This is due to the following reason. That is, the amount of magnetic flux leaking from the permanent magnet 11a (not shown) across the embedded hole 11a0 is small in the amount of lowering the magnetic flux density at the operating point, while the leakage of magnetic flux in the non-magnetic body 12 where the permanent magnet is not embedded is This greatly contributes to the reduction of the magnetic flux density appearing on the third magnetic pole surface. For example, setting the thickness Cg to about twice the thickness Cm is desirable for further reducing the leakage of magnetic flux in the nonmagnetic material 12.

  A gap having a thickness of Agm is formed between the stator 2 and the portion of the rotor 2 serving as the first magnetic pole surface, that is, the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 that is opposite to the rotation axis with respect to the embedded hole 11a0. Is provided. A gap of thickness Agi is formed between the stator 2 and the portion of the rotor 2 that becomes the third magnetic pole surface, that is, the portion on the rotating shaft side with respect to the embedded hole 11a0 in the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. Provided.

  The magnetic flux density at the third magnetic pole surface is smaller than the magnetic flux density at the first magnetic pole surface. Therefore, by making the thickness Agm larger than the thickness Agi, it is possible to unbalance the magnetic resistance, thereby reducing the unbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface. For example, the thickness Agm is set to about twice the thickness Agi.

  In the above description, the relationships among the widths Tg and Tm, the thicknesses Bg and Bm, the thicknesses Cg and Cm, and the thicknesses Agm and Agi can be set independently. That is, by obtaining the above-described relationship even in one of these four relationships, the imbalance between the magnetic flux from the first magnetic pole surface and the magnetic flux from the third magnetic pole surface can be reduced.

  For example, FIG. 16 illustrates the case where the thickness Cg is larger than the width Tg, but this magnitude relationship may be reversed.

  Alternatively, setting the thickness Cg to about twice or more the gap thickness Agi is desirable in terms of reducing magnetic flux leakage in the nonmagnetic material 12 and preventing a decrease in magnetic flux density at the third magnetic pole surface.

  In FIG. 16, only the end of the non-magnetic body 12 on the thin portion 101 side is shown, and only the vicinity of one end of the embedded hole 11a0 is shown, and this is described as an example. However, it is desirable to adopt the above dimensional relationship for the vicinity of the thin portion 102, the other end of the embedded hole 11a0, and the embedded hole 11b0.

Fifth embodiment.
A plurality of rotors having mutually common rotation axes may be provided and connected. FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the motor by partially breaking the stator 2. The rotating shafts of the rotors 1A and 1B are common, and the rotors 1A and 1B are aligned and fixed to each other in the axial direction to constitute the rotor 1. In other words, the rotor 1 is divided into rotors 1A and 1B. Here, a case where the shaft does not penetrate through the rotors 1A and 1B is illustrated.

  18A and 18B are cross-sectional views showing the positional relationship between the rotor 1A and the stator 2, and the positional relationship between the rotor 1B and the stator 2, respectively. The positional relationship between the rotor 1 and the stator 2 as a whole including both the rotors 1A and 1B is common in FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b).

  The rotors 1A and 1B have the same structure. The first magnetic pole surfaces 11AaN and 11BaN correspond to the first magnetic pole surface 11aN in FIG. 2, and the first magnetic pole surfaces 11AbS and 11BbS correspond to the first magnetic pole surface 11bS in FIG. The nonmagnetic bodies 12A and 12B correspond to the nonmagnetic body 12 in FIG.

  Although the structure of the stator 2 is not shifted in the circumferential direction about the rotation axis M, the arrangement of the rotors 1A and 1B is shifted from each other by an angle δ in the circumferential direction. Specifically, the positions of the first magnetic pole surfaces 11AaN and 11AbS belonging to the rotor 1A and the positions of the first magnetic pole surfaces 11BaN and 11BbS belonging to the rotor 1B are shifted by an angle δ in the circumferential direction. Similarly, the positions of the nonmagnetic bodies 12A and 12B are also shifted in the circumferential direction by an angle δ.

  18A and 18B, a certain reference position in the stator 2 and a center line of the nonmagnetic body 12B are indicated by a one-dot chain line and a two-dot chain line, respectively. In the rotor 1A, the center of the nonmagnetic body 12A coincides with the above-described reference position, but in the rotor 1B, the center of the nonmagnetic body 12B and the above-described reference position are shifted by an angle δ. As described above, since the rotor 1A and the rotor 1B are fixedly connected to each other, the rotor 1A and the rotor 1B have different magnetic flux flows with respect to the same stator 2 position. .

  Conventionally, for example, Patent Document 3 proposes to reduce torque pulsation by dividing a rotor into a plurality along the rotation axis direction and arranging the rotors in different circumferential directions. It was confirmed by simulation that the present invention also has such an effect.

  FIG. 19 is a graph showing the torque waveform Q1 of the structure according to the present invention shown in FIG. 3 and the torque waveform Q2 of the conventional structure shown in FIGS. The horizontal axis represents the rotation angle, and shows a torque waveform for 1/3 rotation. The length in the axial direction of the rotor 1 shown in FIG. 17 was calculated in alignment with that of the rotor 1 shown in FIG. The characteristics of the permanent magnet used are also the same. As the magnitude of the angle δ, half of the pulsation cycle of the torque waveform Q1, that is, 5 degrees was adopted. It can be seen that the pulsation of the torque waveform Q2 is reduced to about ¼ compared to the torque waveform Q1.

  As the number of divisions of the rotor 1 is increased, torque pulsation is reduced. If the pulsation cycle is α degrees and the number of rotor divisions is Nr, the deviation between adjacent rotors is selected as α / Nr in terms of angle.

  FIG. 20 illustrates a configuration in which the rotor 1 is divided into three rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E. The rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E have the same rotating shaft and the same structure. For convenience of illustration, the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E are illustrated apart from each other, but in actuality, they are fixedly connected along a one-dot chain line. However, although omitted for convenience of illustration, a rotor-to-rotor magnetic barrier described later is sandwiched between adjacent rotors.

  Further, for convenience of illustration, the stator 2 is also divided into three parts, but in reality, these are also integrally connected along a one-dot chain line. Unlike the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E, the stator 2 is not displaced in the circumferential direction.

  In the structure shown in FIG. 20, the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E are mutually connected from the viewpoint of equalizing the magnetic attractive force between the stator 2 and the rotor 1 rather than from the viewpoint of reducing torque pulsation. It is shifted by 120 degrees. As a result, the first magnetic pole surfaces of the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction. Further, the magnetic pole surfaces of the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E are arranged with the same polarity in the direction of the rotation axis. Specifically, one N-polarity first magnetic pole surface and two N-polarity third magnetic pole surfaces are aligned in the direction along the rotation axis, one S-polarity first magnetic pole surface and one S-polarity third magnetic pole surface. Are aligned in the direction along the axis of rotation.

  As described above, the magnetic flux density at the third magnetic pole surface is lower than the magnetic flux density at the first magnetic pole surface. Therefore, if the magnetic poles are arranged in this way, almost the same magnetic flux density can be obtained for any magnetic pole. Therefore, it is easy to make the magnetic attractive force uniform. Since the magnetic flux density is symmetric in the axial direction, it is also desirable from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of the roving wood movement of the rotor.

  Even if it is a case where it divides | segments exceeding 3 divisions, what is necessary is just to compare by the thickness which combined the rotor of the same rotation angle. For example, when the characteristics of the permanent magnet and the main body are the same, a rotor that is shifted in the circumferential direction from the rotor 1C is provided in addition to the rotor 1C, the rotor 1D, and the rotor 1E. In this case, the sum of the axial thickness of the rotor and the axial thickness of the rotor 1D is set equal to the thickness of the rotor 1C and the rotor 1E.

  However, if the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E are arranged so as to be shifted from each other by 120 degrees, the magnetic flux flowing through the second magnetic pole surface of a certain rotor passes through the main body portion of the rotor adjacent to the rotor. . For example, the magnetic flux flowing through the N-pole second magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1C flows through the main body portions of the rotors 1C, 1D, 1E, 1D, and 1C to the S-pole second magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1C. This makes it difficult to generate the third magnetic pole surface in the main body portion of the body, and the amount of magnetic flux linkage to the stator 2 is reduced.

  Therefore, it is necessary to sandwich a magnetic barrier between adjacent rotors in order to inhibit transmission of magnetic flux between the magnetic flux generation units. Such a magnetic barrier is referred to herein as an inter-rotor magnetic barrier. FIG. 21 is a plan view of the rotor magnetic barrier 5 perpendicular to the rotation axis direction. In FIG. 21, a cross-sectional structure common to the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E is shown using a broken line as a representative of the structure shown in FIG.

  The rotor magnetic barrier 5 has an outer shape slightly closer to the rotational axis than the second magnet of the permanent magnet. However, a magnetic plate having the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 1C, 1D, 1E as an outer shell may be provided outside the outer shape. In other words, a magnetic body that is the same type as the rotors 1C, 1D, and 1E and surrounds the rotor magnetic barrier 5 may be sandwiched between adjacent rotors. For example, when air, a refrigerant that passes through the motor, oil, or the like is adopted as the rotor magnetic barrier 5, only the magnetic material may be sandwiched between adjacent rotors. FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing the structure of the magnetic body 6.

  In the structure shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, the deviation angle δ is usually small, and the non-magnetic members 12A and 12B almost overlap each other. Therefore, a magnetic barrier between the rotors is provided between the rotors 1A and 1B. There is no need to provide it. However, when the non-magnetic members 12A and 12B are thin and the main portions of the rotors 1A and 1B are in contact with each other, the inter-rotor magnetic barrier 5 (or the magnetic member 6) is also provided between the rotors 1A and 1B. It is desirable to provide it.

Sixth embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the use of reluctance torque will be described. Referring to FIG. 2, the rotor 1 includes two magnetically permeable main body portions 10 m and 10 n arranged with a nonmagnetic material 12 therebetween. The direction connecting the permanent magnets 11 a and 11 b crosses the magnetic barrier 19. On the other hand, there is no magnetic barrier between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1 and 13aS2 and between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13bN1 and 13bN2. Therefore, the inductance connecting the permanent magnets 11a and 11b is smaller than the extending direction of the non-magnetic body 12. Therefore, the rotor 1 can also be grasped as a rotor of a two-pole reluctance motor whose d-axis is the direction in which the nonmagnetic material 12 extends.

  In the permanent magnet motor considering the magnet torque, the direction connecting the permanent magnets 11a and 11b is the d-axis. The use of the 6-pole reluctance torque will be described later.

  Now, in order to generate 2-pole reluctance torque in the rotor 1, a separate winding is added to the stator 2 in addition to the A-phase winding, B-phase winding and C-phase winding shown in FIG. Provide. In other words, if the A-phase winding, B-phase winding, and C-phase winding are grasped as the first 6-pole winding for generating magnet torque, a 2-pole second winding for generating reluctance torque is additionally provided. Will turn.

  FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure in which a D-phase winding, an E-phase winding, and an F-phase winding are added. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the circled cross and the circled dots in the figure indicate that the wiring faces from the paper surface to the back and from the paper surface to the front, respectively. However, these indications and arrows indicate the direction of the winding, and do not necessarily indicate the direction of the current.

  Here, windings D1 and D2 connected in parallel to the connection point D0 as D-phase windings are used, and windings E1 and E2 connected in parallel to the connection point E0 as E-phase windings are used as F-phase windings. As shown, the windings F1 and F2 connected in parallel to the connection point F0 are respectively wound. In the figure, the connection points D0, E0, F0 are drawn out to the inside of the rotor 1, but this is for avoiding the complexity of the drawing, and is actually drawn out to the outside.

  FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the D-phase winding, E-phase winding, and F-phase winding. From the three-phase inverter 31, D-phase current ID, E-phase current IE, and F-phase current IF are supplied to the D-phase winding, E-phase winding, and F-phase winding, respectively.

  Various forms of the D-phase winding, the E-phase winding, and the F-phase winding are possible, but here, a case where distributed winding is employed is illustrated. If distributed winding is adopted, there is little problem that magnetic fluxes generated by the current flowing through the windings housed in the same slot cancel each other, which may occur in concentrated winding.

  FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of providing the winding F2 in a slot (winding groove between the tooth portions 21) around which the windings A2 and C1 are wound. The winding F2 is separately wound beforehand, and inserter winding in which the winding F2 is pushed between the windings A2 and C1 previously wound around the tooth portion 21 can be employed. It can also be understood that the winding F2 is provided on the tooth portion 21 via the windings A2 and C1.

  Specifically, a winding nozzle (not shown) is swayed inside the slot, and the first winding is firmly wound while applying a certain tension. At this time, the first winding (windings A2 and C1 in FIG. 25) is wound around the tooth portion 21 via an insulating material (not shown) such as an insulating film and an insulator molded product. Since the winding nozzle is wound while being swayed in the slot, the first winding cannot be wound around the swaying space of the nozzle and its periphery, and a dead space is created.

  On the other hand, the second winding (winding F2 in FIG. 25) is wound around a predetermined winding frame in advance. Then, the second winding is inserted into the above-described dead space from between the tooth portions 21. As a result, the winding grooves are accommodated over almost all of the winding grooves, and the winding space factor can be improved.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of generating a dipole magnetic flux. The d-axis dr as the reluctance motor of the rotor 1 is parallel to the direction connecting the tooth portion 21 around which the winding B2 is wound and the slot in which the windings A1, C3 are housed. In this state, each phase current is supplied to the second winding (D-phase winding, E-phase winding, F-phase winding) with ID = −IF and IE = 0. Thereby, a magnetic field inclined by an angle β ₂ from the d axis dr is applied to the rotor 1. In this way, when a current is passed through the second winding to generate a two-pole magnetic flux, the maximum value of the reluctance torque acting on the rotor 1 becomes maximum when the angle β ₂ is 45 degrees. In other words, the reluctance torque can be maximized by flowing the phase currents ID, IE, and IF so that the angle β ₂ is maintained at 45 degrees according to the position of the rotor 1.

  In this way, the reluctance torque is generated by the second winding that applies a magnetic flux of two poles, and the magnet torque is generated by the first winding that applies a magnetic flux of six poles as described above with reference to FIGS. Thus, the rotor 1 can be rotated. Since each phase current can flow independently through the first winding and the second winding, it is possible to control the driving of the permanent motor by properly using them.

  Iron loss tends to increase during high-speed operation. When driving with a magnetic flux of 6 poles, the fundamental frequency of each phase current is three times that of the fundamental frequency of each phase current when driving with a magnetic flux of 2 poles, so the iron loss is increased. Therefore, when rotating at a value larger than a predetermined rotation speed, it is desirable to drive mainly using only two-pole magnetic flux or two-pole magnetic flux, and driven using six-pole magnetic flux as slave. In addition, when driven by only two magnetic fluxes, there is no influence of the induced voltage generated by the permanent magnet, so that the voltage has a high saturation point and can be rotated to a high speed.

  On the other hand, in the case of rotating at a value smaller than the predetermined rotation speed, it is desirable to drive with 6-pole magnetic flux. This is because the rotation of the rotor 1 is smoother than in the case of driving with a two-pole magnetic flux.

  However, even when rotating at a value smaller than a predetermined rotation speed, it may be desirable to drive using both 2-pole and 6-pole magnetic fluxes at startup. This is because a large torque may be required.

  In steady operation and high load operation, it is desirable to drive using both 6n-pole magnetic flux and 2n-pole magnetic flux. Thereby, each phase current can be reduced. Here, “steady operation” refers to an operation region where the operation time is long, for example, an operation state in which the driven device is stable, and “high load operation” includes the maximum load of the device. Refers to the operating area.

  Since steady operation greatly affects the electricity bill, it is desirable to operate with as little current as possible to reduce copper loss. On the other hand, in steady operation, the driven device is employed in a stable state, for example, in an air conditioner, when the room reaches a certain temperature and is operated to maintain that temperature. Therefore, it is a low-speed rotation and the ratio of copper loss is large.

  Moreover, since the copper loss is the main component even during high load operation, current reduction that can reduce the copper loss is effective.

  It is also possible to generate a two-pole magnetic flux and a six-pole magnetic flux only with a winding obtained by concentrated winding. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing the stator 2 in which nine phases A to I are wound around nine teeth 21 by concentrated winding. One end of each phase winding is drawn out as a current input terminal, and the other end is commonly connected to the neutral point Z.

FIG. 28 shows currents I _6A , I _6B and I _6C for generating 6-pole magnetic fluxes in the A-phase to I-phase windings, and currents I _2A , I _2B , I _2C for generating 2-pole magnetic fluxes, _{I 2D, I 2E, I 2F} , I 2G, I 2H, the I _2I, a block diagram illustrating a configuration of flow, respectively. Here, a sine wave is used as each current, but a rectangular wave may be used. The currents I _6A , I _6B , and I _6C are supplied by the three-phase inverter 30, and the currents I _2A , I _2B , I _2C , I _2D , I _2E , I _2F , I _2G , I _2H , and I _2I are supplied by the 9-phase inverter 32. The phase currents IA to II obtained by synthesizing these are output to the A-phase to I-phase windings, respectively. Such a current is exemplified in Patent Documents 4 to 6, for example.

As can be understood by comparing FIG. 27 with FIG. 4, the A phase winding, the D phase winding, and the G phase winding correspond to the windings A1, A2, and A3, respectively, and the B phase winding and the E phase winding. The wire and the H-phase winding correspond to the windings B1, B2, and B3, respectively, and the C-phase winding, the F-phase winding, and the I-phase winding correspond to the windings C1, C2, and C3, respectively. Therefore, the current I _6A is equal to the A phase winding, the D phase winding, and the G phase winding, the current I _6B is equal to the B phase winding, the E phase winding, and the H phase winding, the C phase winding, F The six poles shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 are obtained by flowing the current I _6C equally to the phase winding and the I-phase winding and adopting the three-phase sinusoidal currents as the currents I _6A , I _6B and I _6C . The magnetic flux can be generated.

On the other hand, since there are windings facing each other through the rotating shaft, currents I _2A , I _2B , I _2C , I _2D , I _2E , I _2F , I _2G , I _2H , I _2I By setting appropriately, it is possible to generate a two-pole magnetic flux.

  That is, the nine-phase windings of the A-phase to the I-phase serve as a common path for a current that generates a six-pole magnetic flux and a current that generates a two-pole magnetic flux. Therefore, even when driving using any current, since all of these windings can be used, the utilization efficiency of the windings is improved.

As described above, the phase is advanced by the angle β _{2 with} respect to the magnetic flux of two poles. As apparent from FIG. 2, the rotor 1 has reverse saliency on the first magnetic pole surfaces 11aN and 11bS, and therefore, reluctance torque can be used. Therefore, the phase is advanced by β _{6 in} order to obtain a 6-pole reluctance torque even in a current for generating a 6-pole magnetic flux.

  The rotation angle θ of the rotor 1 is taken as a reference (0 degree) when the thin portion 102 is located between the A-phase winding and the I-phase winding. Specifically, each current is Is set.

  The rotation angle θ is obtained by multiplying the rotation speed (rps) by time t (seconds) and 360 degrees. I6 and I2 indicate the amplitudes of the magnetic flux generating currents of 6 poles and 2 poles, respectively.

  Since the reluctance torque becomes maximum at a current phase of 45 °, the current phase for maximizing the reluctance torque is more than 0 degree and less than 45 degrees. However, when high-speed rotation is performed by the field weakening, it may exceed 45 degrees. Here, the load region where the field weakening is adopted is excluded.

Although it depends on the rotor structure and the size of the load, as a guideline for experience, when the current phase is advanced by about 15 to 35 degrees, the reluctance torque can often be maximized. Therefore, for example, 20 degrees can be adopted as the angle β ₆ . As described above, 45 degrees can be adopted as the angle β ₂ .

It should be noted that obtaining 6-pole reluctance torque by employing such an angle β ₆ (> 0) is a matter that can be set independently of 2-pole magnetic flux generation.

When the angles β ₂ and β ₆ are employed as described above, the waveforms of the respective currents are shown as graphs in FIGS. FIG. 29 is a graph showing the current flowing through the A-phase winding. (A), (b), and (c) show currents I _6A , I _2A , and IA, respectively. FIG. 30 is a graph showing the current flowing through the B-phase winding, and (a), (b), and (c) show currents I _6B , I _2B , and IB, respectively. FIG. 31 is a graph showing the current flowing through the C-phase winding, and (a), (b), and (c) show currents I _6C , I _2C , and IC, respectively. FIG. 32 is a graph showing the current flowing through the D-phase winding, where (a), (b), and (c) indicate currents I _6A , I _2D , and ID, respectively. FIG. 33 is a graph showing the current flowing through the E-phase winding. (A), (b), and (c) show currents I _6B , I _2E , and IE, respectively. FIG. 34 is a graph showing the current flowing through the F-phase winding, and (a), (b), and (c) indicate currents I _6C , I _2F , and IF, respectively. FIG. 35 is a graph showing the current flowing through the G-phase winding. (A), (b), and (c) show currents I _6A , I _2G , and IG, respectively. FIG. 36 is a graph showing the current flowing through the H-phase winding. (A), (b), and (c) show currents I _6B , I _2H , and IH, respectively. FIG. 37 is a graph showing the current flowing through the I-phase winding. (A), (b), and (c) show currents I _6C , I _2I , and II, respectively.

  Thus, even when a three-phase current that generates a six-pole magnetic flux and a nine-phase current that generates a two-pole magnetic flux are employed, it is not always necessary to pass both. As described above, similarly to the case where the first winding and the second winding are used, it is possible to selectively use the 6-pole magnetic flux and the 2-pole magnetic flux depending on the operation mode.

  In addition, if the magnetic flux generation | occurrence | production area | regions 1a and 1b are adjacent, a 2 pole reluctance torque cannot necessarily be used. This is because if there is a magnetic barrier between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1 and 13aS2 or between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13bN1 and 13bN2, the difference from the inductance in the direction connecting the permanent magnets 11a and 11b cannot be made large.

  FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view showing the rotor 1 provided with the nonmagnetic material 123 that divides the four third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1, 13aS2, 13bN1, and 13bN2 from each other. The flow of magnetic flux shown here was the same as when the magnetic barrier was not present between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13aS1 and 13aS2 or between the third magnetic pole surfaces 13bN1 and 13bN2 (FIG. 8). Corresponds to the case. Although the flow of magnetic flux itself does not differ greatly between FIG. 8 and FIG. 38, it is not suitable for obtaining a two-pole reluctance torque for the reasons described above. However, if it is driven by only six magnetic fluxes, the same effect as that shown in FIG. 2 can be obtained.

Seventh embodiment.
In this embodiment, various modifications will be described. FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the rotor 1 having both types of deformation. As a first modification point, a point in which a plurality of nonmagnetic materials 124 and 125 are provided between the magnetic flux generators 1a and 1b can be cited.

  The magnetic shaft 46 is provided through the rotor 1 in the direction of the rotation axis in the magnetically permeable main body portion 10t. The nonmagnetic materials 124 and 125 sandwich the rotation center, and isolate the shaft 46 and the main body portion 10t from the main body portions 10m and 10n, respectively. The main body portions 10m, 10t, and 10n are connected to each other by the thin portions 103 and 104 outside the both ends of the non-magnetic members 124 and 125. As with the thin portions 101 and 102, the thin portions 103 and 104 are also magnetic. Acts as a barrier. Therefore, although the shaft 46 is a magnetic body, this does not hinder the generation of the third magnetic pole surface.

  As a second deformation point, it can be mentioned that wide portions 9a are provided at both ends of the embedded hole 11a0, and wide portions 9b are provided at both ends of the embedded hole 11b0. The wide portions 9a and 9b extend along the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 1, and the permanent magnets 11a and 11b are not embedded therein.

  The wide portions 9a and 9b prevent the magnetic flux from short-circuiting between the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface in the same magnetic flux generation unit. Thereby, the magnetic fluxes of the first magnetic pole surface and the third magnetic pole surface can be concentrated at the respective centers. This is desirable from the viewpoint of improving torque.

  In correspondence with the fact that it is desirable to set the widths Tg and Tm substantially the same in FIG. 16, the circumferential width of the wide portions 9a and 9b and the sum of the widths of the end portions of the magnetic barriers 124 and 125 are as follows: It is desirable to set almost the same.

  FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of the stator 1 illustrating further deformation of the second deformation point. Nonmagnetic bodies 91a and 91b are provided in place of the wide portions 9a and 9b, respectively. The nonmagnetic materials 91a and 91b are provided in the vicinity of both ends of the embedded holes 11a0 and 11b0, respectively, but do not communicate with them. However, since the non-magnetic material 91a is close to the both ends of the embedded hole 11a0 while being separated from each other, the magnetic resistance in the portion located between the main body portions 10m is large, and substantially the wide portion 9a. Performs the same function. The same applies to the non-magnetic material 91b.

  Similarly, a non-magnetic body 91 c is provided near both ends of the non-magnetic body 12 while being spaced apart from each other, and functions as a magnetic barrier near both ends of the non-magnetic body 12. And substantially, the width in the circumferential direction of the magnetic barrier near the surface of the rotor 1 is widened, and an effect corresponding to the fact that it is desirable to set the widths Tg and Tm substantially the same in FIG. 16 is obtained. Can do.

  In addition, permanent magnets 11a and 11b are embedded in the embedded holes 11a0 and 11b0 in FIG. 40 as shown in FIG. 2, respectively, and S poles are formed on both ends of the nonmagnetic body 12 on the second magnetic pole surface 11aS side of the permanent magnet 11a. Permanent magnets having N poles may be provided on the second magnetic pole surface 11bN side of the permanent magnet 11b. In this case, the additionally arranged permanent magnet also functions as a part of the magnetic barrier. Thereby, the spatial harmonics of magnetic flux can be reduced.

  As described above, the permanent magnet separately provided near the end of the non-magnetic body 12 has a maximum energy product more than the permanent magnet having the first magnetic pole surface and the second magnetic pole surface (permanent magnets 11a and 11b in the above example). A small permanent magnet may be used.

  FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor 1 illustrating a modification of the configuration of the permanent magnets 11a and 11b. As an example of the shape of the permanent magnets 11a and 11b, an arc shape that protrudes toward the inner peripheral side of the rotor 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2, but the permanent magnets 11a and 11b do not necessarily need to be formed of a single magnet. Here, the permanent magnet 11a is formed in a substantially U shape using three flat plate-shaped permanent magnets 11a1, 11a2, and 11a3. Similarly, the permanent magnet 11b is formed in a substantially U shape by using three flat plate-shaped permanent magnets 11b1, 11b2, and 11b3. In particular, in the case of neodymium iron boron-based sintered magnets, flat magnets are often used, but it is possible to increase the amount of magnetic flux by combining a plurality of flat magnets.

  Further, the permanent magnets 11a and 11b may be set in a single flat plate shape.

  FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the rotor 1 according to another modification. The main body portions 10m and 10n are separated from each other, and the main body portion 10j is separated from the main body portion 10m on the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet 11a. Similarly, the main body portion 10k is separated from the main body portion 10n on the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet 11b.

  However, the hole 15 is formed in the main body portions 10m and 10n, and the shaft 4 shown in FIG. Therefore, the main body portions 10m and 10n are connected via the shaft 4. Furthermore, if the holes 16 are formed in the main body portions 10m, 10n, 10c, 10d, and the corresponding through holes 43 are provided in the end plate 42, the main body portions 10c, 10d are also connected to the main body portions 10m, 10m, 10n.

  In the description of the first to seventh embodiments, the number of magnetic flux generation units in the rotor 1 is exemplified as two, but it is sufficient that there are 2n (n is an integer of 1 or more). As a result, 4n third magnetic pole surfaces are generated in the rotor 1, and the number of poles is 6n.

Eighth embodiment.
FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the configuration of the permanent magnet motor according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis M. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the rotor 1 in more detail.

  The permanent magnet motor also includes a stator 2 and a rotor 1 that faces the stator 2 via a gap. The stator 2 includes a plurality of tooth portions 21 and an annular yoke 22 that connects the tooth portions 21 on the side opposite to the rotor 1.

  The tooth portion 21 is wound around the tooth portion 21 by concentrated winding with an A-phase winding, a B-phase winding, and a C-phase winding. 4 and 5, the A phase winding is windings A1, A2, A3, the B phase winding is windings B1, B2, B3, and the C phase winding is windings C1, C2. , C3 are connected in series, and the A-phase winding, B-phase winding, and C-phase winding are connected in common at a neutral point Z to form a star connection. The A-phase winding, the B-phase winding, and the C-phase winding are respectively supplied with the A-phase current IA, the B-phase IB, and the C-phase IC by the three-phase inverter 30 to generate a six-pole rotating magnetic flux.

  As described in the first embodiment, the windings A1, A2, A3 are connected to each other in parallel to form an A-phase winding, and the windings B1, B2, B3 are parallel to each other. May be connected to each other to form a B-phase winding, and the windings C1, C2, and C3 may be connected in parallel to each other to form a C-phase winding. Furthermore, delta connection may be adopted instead of star connection.

  The rotor 1 has a permeable main body 10, a permanent magnet body 14, and nonmagnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b. The main body 10 of the rotor 1 has a substantially cylindrical side surface 100, and is configured by laminating electromagnetic steel plates, for example.

  The permanent magnet body 14 extends between positions 10P and 10R that are substantially directly opposed to each other on the side surface 100 with the rotation axis M interposed therebetween. For example, the permanent magnet body 14 is bored in the main body 10 and is embedded in an embedding hole 13 in which the permanent magnet is embedded. In this case, the rotor 1 is an embedded magnet type.

  The main body 10 is substantially divided into main body portions 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f by the embedding holes 13 and the nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, and 122b. More specifically, the main body portion 10a is separated from other main body portions by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic material 121a, and the main body portion 10b is separated from other main body portions by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic materials 121a and 122a. The main body portion 10c is separated from other main body portions by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic body 122a, the main body portion 10d is separated from other main body portions by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic body 122b, and the main body portion 10e is The main body portion 10f is separated from the other main body portion by the embedding hole 13 and the non-magnetic body 121b, and is separated from the other main body portion by the embedding hole 13 and the non-magnetic body 122b, 121b.

  However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 44, adjacent ones of the main body portions 10 a to 10 f are connected via the thin portion of the main body 10. More specifically, the main body portions 10 a and 10 b are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 121 a and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 121 a and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10 b and 10 c are connected to each other by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 122 a and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 122 a and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10c and 10d are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the embedding hole 13 at the position 10P. The main body portions 10d and 10e are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 122b and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 122b and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10e and 10f are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 121b and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 121b and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10f and 10a are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the embedding hole 13 at the position 10R.

  The permanent magnet body 14 has switching positions 14X and 14Y where the magnetization direction is switched between the positions 10P and 10R. Specifically, the position 10R, the conversion positions 14X and 14Y, and the position 10P are arranged in this order. For example, the conversion positions 14X and 14Y divide the positions 10P and 10R into three equal parts.

  The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially orthogonal to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet body 14 and the rotation axis M. In the structure shown in FIG. 44, the permanent magnet body 14 passes in the vicinity of the rotation axis M and extends in the diameter direction of the rotor 1. Then, between the position 10R and the conversion position 14X, an N-pole magnetic pole surface 14aN and an S-pole magnetic pole surface 14aS appear on the main body portions 10a and 10f side, respectively. Between the conversion positions 14X and 14Y, an S pole magnetic pole surface 14bS and an N pole magnetic pole surface 14bN appear on the main body portions 10b and 10e, respectively. Between the conversion position 14Y and the position 10P, an N-pole magnetic pole surface 14cN and an S-pole magnetic pole 11cS appear on the main body portions 10c and 10d, respectively. The conversion positions 14X and 14Y are not substantially magnetized or are weaker than the other portions. Alternatively, it may be magnetized along the rotation axis M.

  In order to obtain such magnetization, the permanent magnet body 14 preferably has anisotropy in its thickness direction. Even when the permanent magnet body 14 is magnetized in parallel with a plurality of poles, the permanent magnet body 14 is magnetized after being embedded in the rotor 1, and the magnetization rate is good. The maximum energy product can also be improved.

  Alternatively, from a different perspective, the permanent magnet body 14 is integrally provided with three permanent magnets 14a, 14b, and 14c. The permanent magnets 14a and 14b are adjacent to each other at the switching position 14X, and the permanent magnets 14b and 14c are adjacent to each other at the switching position 14Y. Then you can figure it out. In this case, the conversion positions 14X and 14Y can be grasped as adjacent positions of adjacent permanent magnets.

  The nonmagnetic materials 121a and 121b extend from the vicinity of the conversion position 14X to the vicinity of the side surface 100, and the nonmagnetic materials 122a and 122b extend from the vicinity of the conversion position 14Y to the vicinity of the side surface 100. Since the thickness of the thin portion between the nonmagnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b and the side surface 100 and the embedding hole 13 is small, magnetic saturation is likely to occur. Therefore, although the main body portions 10a to 10f are mechanically connected, once they are magnetically saturated by a small part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 14a, 14b, and 14c, there is almost no function of transmitting the magnetic flux in these thin portions. In other words, the magnetic barrier extends from both sides of the conversion positions 14X and 14Y to the side surface 100.

  However, since the permanent magnet body 14 is embedded in the embedding hole 13 and the permeability of the permanent magnet body 14 is usually low, this also functions as a magnetic barrier.

  The end portions of the non-magnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b on the permanent magnet body 14 side may contact the permanent magnet body 14 without leaving the thin portion of the main body 10. For example, when the nonmagnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b are formed as gaps formed in the main body 10, the nonmagnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b can be formed integrally with the embedding hole 13. However, from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the rotor 1, it is desirable to fill the nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b with a filler such as a resin.

  Since the magnetic flux separating the switching positions 14X and 14Y is prevented from being transmitted by these magnetic barriers, the main body portions 10a to 10f are magnetically shielded from each other. Therefore, for example, the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14aN flows to the side surface 100 via the main body portion 10a, and forms an N pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10a. Similarly, the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14bS forms a south pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10b, and the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14cN forms an N pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10c. The magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14cS forms an S-pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10d, and the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14bN forms an N-pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10e. The magnetic flux generated from the surface 14aS forms a south pole magnetic pole surface on the side surface 100 of the main body portion 10f.

  As described above, by providing the permanent magnet body 14 having different magnetization directions, the magnetic fluxes respectively generated from the N pole and the S pole are guided to the side surface 100 through the main body 10. Therefore, the number of magnetic pole surfaces is six times as many as the number of extending permanent magnet bodies 14 (more precisely, twice the value obtained by adding 1 to the number 2 of the conversion positions 14X and 14Y). The permanent magnet body 14 extends between the positions 10P and 10R facing each other substantially on the side surface, and the conversion positions 14X and 14Y divide the positions into three equal parts, so that the magnetic flux densities at these magnetic pole faces are almost equal. be able to.

  As will be described later, it is desirable that the areas of the main body portions 10a to 10f exposed on the side surface 100 are equal. Thereby, the magnetic pole surfaces appearing on the side surface 100 become uniform.

  Three-phase currents IA, IB, and IC are passed through the stator 2 to the rotor 1 configured as described above. These have already been described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 45 shows a simulation result of the magnetic flux flowing in the configuration shown in FIG. 10 and 45, the current supplied to the stator 2 is common. Specifically, the magnetic flux is shown when the rotor 1 is supplied at a position rotated 180 degrees in electrical angle from the reference position in FIG.

  46 is a graph showing a torque waveform Q0 of the conventional structure shown in FIG. 10 and a torque waveform Q3 of the structure shown in FIG. 43 (FIG. 45). The vertical axis employs torque in arbitrary units, the horizontal axis employs the rotation angle, and shows a torque waveform for 1/3 rotation. Torque waveform Q3 is approximately ½ of torque waveform Q0. Since the amount of the permanent magnet used in the structure according to the present invention is approximately 1/3 of the amount of the permanent magnet used in the conventional structure, the torque generated per unit volume of the permanent magnet is about 1.5 times. It has become. This means that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is effectively utilized.

Ninth embodiment.
In this embodiment, a preferable positional relationship will be described. FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between the embedding hole 13 for embedding a permanent magnet and the nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b. The permanent magnet body 14 does not necessarily have to be embedded to both ends of the embedding hole 13 strictly.

  Both ends of the embedding hole 13 extend to the vicinity of the positions 10P and 10R, and the side surface 100 is divided into approximately six equal parts together with the end portions on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, and 122b. That is, the end on the side surface 100 side of the non-magnetic body 121a is separated from the position 10R by the angle θa in the circumferential direction, and the side surface 100 of the non-magnetic body 122a is separated from the end on the side surface 100 side of the non-magnetic body 121a. The side is separated by an angle θb in the circumferential direction of the end, and the position 10P is separated by an angle θc in the circumferential direction with respect to the end on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 122a, and the nonmagnetic body 122b is separated from the position 10P. The end portion on the side surface 100 side of the non-magnetic body 121b is separated from the end portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 122b by an angle θe in the circumferential direction of the end portion. The position 10R is separated from the end of the non-magnetic body 121b on the side surface 100 side by an angle θf in the circumferential direction. These angles θa, θb, θc, θd, θe, and θf are substantially equal to each other and 60 degrees.

  In this way, the magnetic pole surfaces of the rotor 1 can be equally arranged at substantially the same angle. If any one of the angles θa, θb, θc, θd, θe, and θf is extremely large, that is, a value that greatly exceeds 60 degrees, the portion exceeding 60 degrees has a negative value. Torque may be generated. Therefore, the equal distribution as described above is desirable from the viewpoint of making the magnetic flux density symmetrical in the axial direction and suppressing the occurrence of the swinging motion of the rotor. However, a slight increase / decrease in the angle may be changed as a design matter in order to reduce torque ripple.

  In addition, it is desirable from the viewpoint of making the magnetic flux density symmetrical in the axial direction that the magnetic resistances from the magnetic pole surfaces 14aS, 14aN, 14bS, 14bN, 14cN, and 14cS to the side surface 100 are equal. However, the average distance from the permanent magnet body 14 to the side surface 100 in the main body portions 10b and 10e is the average distance from the permanent magnet body 14 to the side surface 100 in the main body portions 10a and 10f, or is permanent in the main body portions 10c and 10d. Longer than the average distance from the magnet body 14 to the side surface 100. Therefore, in order to increase the average width from the permanent magnet body 14 to the side surface 100 in the main body portions 10b and 10e and reduce the magnetic resistance, the nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, and 122b are the main body portions 10a, 10f, 10c, and 10d, respectively. You may curve so that it may become convex toward. This is because the non-magnetic members 121a and 121b that separate the main body portions 10a and 10f located on the position 10R side are curved convexly with respect to the main body portions 10a and 10f, and the main body portions 10c and 10d located on the position 10P side are separated. It can be understood that the non-magnetic bodies 122a and 122b that are curved curve convexly with respect to the main body portions 10c and 10d.

Tenth embodiment.
Next, a preferable dimensional relationship will be described. FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a preferred dimensional relationship for the rotor 1, and shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the embedding hole 13 at the side surface 100 and the position 10 </ b> R of the nonmagnetic material 121 b. Hereinafter, the illustrated portion will be described, but it is desirable that the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic bodies 121a, 122a, and 122b at the position 10P have the same suitable dimensions.

  The nonmagnetic material 121b has a width Tg1. However, since the nonmagnetic material 121b is not perpendicular to the side surface 100 but is inclined, the width Tg2 along the side surface 100 is wider than the width Tg1 at the end of the nonmagnetic material 121b on the side surface 100 side. .

  As in the fourth embodiment, the thickness of the thin portion between the non-magnetic body 121b and the side surface 100 is Bg, and the thin portion between the end of the embedding hole 13 and the side surface 100 near the position 10R. The thickness of the part was Bm, and the width of the embedding hole 13 in the vicinity of the side surface 100 was Tm.

  Setting the widths Tg2 and Tm substantially equal is desirable from the viewpoint of making the magnetic saliency in the vicinity of the side surface 100 of the rotor 1 viewed from the stator 2 uniform. Thereby, stable motor characteristics can be obtained.

  For example, as in Patent Document 7, the end portion of the embedding hole 13 may be wide. In this case, the width Tm is a value that is expanded in the vicinity of the side surface 100. Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 8, these widths may be varied. In addition, a gap may be separately provided in the vicinity of the end of the embedding hole 13. This has the effect of substantially expanding the width Tm in the vicinity of the side surface 100.

  It is also desirable to set the thicknesses Bg and Bm substantially equal from the viewpoint of making the influence of the leakage magnetic flux in the thin portion uniform. In addition, the stress is distributed uniformly, and there is no portion where the stress is extremely concentrated, which is advantageous in terms of strength.

  Further, setting the width Tg1 of the non-magnetic body 121b wider than the gap between the rotor 1 and the stator 2, for example about twice or more, reduces the leakage of magnetic flux in the non-magnetic body 121b, This is desirable in terms of preventing a decrease in magnetic flux density on the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1.

  In the above description, the widths Tg1, Tg2, Tm, the thicknesses Bg, Bm, and the relationship between the gaps between the rotor 1 and the stator 2 can be set independently. That is, each effect can be obtained if one of the above three relationships is obtained. However, the best effect can be obtained if all the above three relationships are satisfied.

Eleventh embodiment.
The structure of the rotor 1 according to the present invention is not limited to that shown in FIGS. The permanent magnet body 14 extends between the positions 10P and 10R, and at least one conversion position 14X and 14Y exists between the positions 10P and 10R. From the vicinity of each of the conversion positions 14X and 14Y to the vicinity of the side surface 100. There is an extending magnetic barrier, and it is only necessary that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially perpendicular to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet body 14 and the rotation axis M. Nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b and thin portions on both sides thereof are exemplified as the magnetic barrier.

  FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the rotor 1 according to this embodiment, and shows a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis M thereof. The permanent magnet body 14 is provided so as to avoid the rotation axis M, and has a substantially arc shape having ends near the positions 10P and 10R. However, an N-pole magnetic pole surface 14aN and an S-pole magnetic pole surface 14aS appear on the main body portions 10a and 10f, respectively. Between the conversion positions 14X and 14Y, an S pole magnetic pole surface 14bS and an N pole magnetic pole surface 14bN appear on the main body portions 10b and 10e, respectively. Between the conversion position 14Y and the position 10P, an N-pole magnetic pole face 14cN and an S-pole magnetic pole face 14cS appear on the main body portions 10c and 10d, respectively. That is, in the point that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially orthogonal to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet body 14 and the rotation axis M, as shown in FIGS. This is common with the case where the permanent magnet body 14 is employed.

  Thus, by arranging the permanent magnet body 14 while avoiding the rotation axis M, the shaft 40 penetrating the main body 10 in the region including the rotation axis M can be provided. Here, the case where the shaft 40 is provided in the main body portion 10b is illustrated.

  Depending on the arc shape of the permanent magnet, the amount of magnetic flux generated may be larger than that of the flat permanent magnet body 14 as shown in FIGS. Further, FIG. 49 illustrates a case where a gap where the permanent magnet body 14 is not embedded remains at the end of the embedding hole 13.

  Even in such a configuration, the conversion positions 14X and 14Y substantially divide the permanent magnet body 14 into three equal parts, the non-magnetic bodies 121a and 121b from the conversion position 14X, and the non-magnetic bodies 122a and 122b from the conversion position 14Y, respectively. A magnetic barrier is provided extending to 100. The nonmagnetic materials 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b and the positions 10P, 10R are desirably arranged at an angle that divides the side surface 100 into six equal parts in the circumferential direction. However, the structures shown in FIGS. 43, 44, and 47 are more preferable in that the magnetic resistance from the permanent magnet body 14 to the side surface 100 in each of the main body portions 10a to 10f is easily made uniform. It is.

  The material of the shaft 40 is preferably at least one of a nonmagnetic material and an insulator. This is because by adopting a non-magnetic material, the magnetic flux does not pass through the shaft 40 and the magnetic flux can be used effectively. Further, by employing an insulator, no eddy current is generated inside the shaft 40 even if a magnetic material is employed for the shaft 40. Here, examples of the nonmagnetic material include stainless steel and aluminum, and examples of the insulator include engineering plastic and a material obtained by solidifying iron powder insulated from each other.

  FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the rotor 1 according to the modification of the present embodiment, and shows a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis M thereof. The embedding hole 13 is not provided, and the permanent magnet body 14 extends between the positions 10P and 10R, but is provided in the vicinity of the side surface 100 for almost a half circumference. However, there are magnetic barriers extending from the vicinity of each of the conversion positions 14X and 14Y to the vicinity of the side surface 100 in that the conversion positions 14X and 14Y exist between the positions 10P and 10R, and the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially divided into three equal parts. The structure shown in FIGS. 43 and 44 and the structure shown in FIGS. 49 and 49 are present, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially perpendicular to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet body 14 and the rotation axis M. The structure according to the first modification shown in FIG.

  However, as a part of the magnetic barrier, nonmagnetic bodies 121 and 122 extending from the switching positions 14X and 14Y to the side surface 100 opposite to the side where the permanent magnet body 14 is provided are provided. Compared to the case described so far, the number of non-magnetic materials is halved. Here, not only the nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 but also the thin portions of the main body 10 between both ends of the nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 and the side surface 100 (because they are easily magnetically saturated) function as magnetic barriers.

  The nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 extend to avoid the shaft 40 provided in the vicinity of the rotation axis M. It is desirable that the space between the non-magnetic members 121 and 122 and the shaft 40 be sufficiently wide so that the magnetic flux does not leak to the shaft 40. However, as described above, the shaft 40 is more preferably at least one of a nonmagnetic material and an insulator.

  The nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 substantially divide the main body 10 into main body portions 10a, 10b, and 10c. More specifically, the main body portion 10a is positioned on the opposite side of the rotation axis M with respect to the nonmagnetic material 121, and the main body portion 10c is positioned on the opposite side of the rotation axis M with respect to the nonmagnetic material 122. The main body portion 10b is positioned so as to be surrounded by the nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 including the rotation axis M. The shaft 40 is provided in the main body portion 10b.

  Of the six magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnet body 14, the magnetic pole surfaces 14aN, 14bS, and 14cN are opposed to the side surface 100, and the magnetic pole surfaces 14aS, 14bN, and 14cS are opposed to the stator 2 (not shown). Provided.

  In this modification, magnetic barriers are provided also at the positions 10P and 10R. Here, a gap is provided between the main body 10 and the end of the permanent magnet body 14. This is to prevent the magnetic flux from short-circuiting between the magnetic pole surfaces 14aN and 14aS via the main body portion 10a and between the magnetic pole surfaces 14cN and 14cS via the main body portion 10c.

  With the above configuration, the portion of the main body portion 10a exposed as the side surface 100 functions as the N magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 by the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14aN. On the other hand, the magnetic pole surface 14aS of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the S magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 on the side opposite to the portion exposed as the side surface 100 in the main body portion 10a. Similarly, a portion of the main body portion 10b exposed as the side surface 100 functions as the S magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 by the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14bS. On the other hand, the magnetic pole surface 14bN of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the N magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 on the side opposite to the portion exposed as the side surface 100 in the main body portion 10b. Of the main body portion 10c, the portion exposed as the side surface 100 functions as the N magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 by the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic pole surface 14cN. On the other hand, the magnetic pole surface 14cS of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the S magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 on the opposite side of the main body portion 10c from the portion exposed as the side surface 100.

  For example, the one in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 as it is, the one in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 by the magnetic flux passing through the main body portion, The gap between the stator 2 and the stator 2 is substantially the same.

  In this manner, the rotor 1 has three N magnetic pole surfaces and three S magnetic pole surfaces alternately arranged at positions facing the stator 2 (not shown). It rotates in the same way as the structure shown and the structure shown in FIG.

  Of course, in order to improve the uniformity between the magnetic pole faces of the rotor 1, it is desirable that the end portions of the positions 10P and 10R and the nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 divide the side face 100 into six equal parts in the circumferential direction.

  FIG. 51 shows a simulation result of magnetic flux flowing in the deformation shown in FIG. The current supplied to the stator 2 in the simulation is the same as the current adopted in FIGS. FIG. 52 is a graph showing the torque waveform Q4 obtained by the modification shown in FIG. 50 together with the torque waveform Q0 of the conventional structure shown in FIG. 46 and the torque waveform Q3 of the structure shown in FIG. is there. In this graph as well, the same unit as in FIG. 46 is used, and the horizontal axis shows the torque waveform for 1/3 rotation by taking the rotation angle.

  In this modification, the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet body 14 functions as the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 as it is, and the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 functions by the magnetic flux passing from the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet body 14 through the main body portion. And the torque waveform Q4 has more pulsations than the torque waveform Q3. However, the torque can be increased by effectively utilizing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet while reducing the number of magnets. In particular, since the volume is half that of a permanent magnet used in a general surface magnet type electric motor, the cost (including processing cost) of the permanent magnet can be reduced.

  Any of the structures shown in FIGS. 44, 49, and 50 can utilize the reluctance torque by the magnetic saliency of the magnetic pole surface of the rotor 1 as in the sixth embodiment. As described in the sixth embodiment, when excluding a load region that employs a weak magnetic flux, the current phase for maximizing the reluctance torque is more than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

As described for the angle β _{2 in} the sixth embodiment, a phase advance angle of 15 to 35 degrees, for example, 20 degrees can be employed. However, the rotor 1 shown in FIG. 50 has a smaller saliency and a smaller reluctance torque than the rotor 1 shown in FIGS.

Twelfth embodiment.
As described above, the shaft 40 may be provided so as to penetrate the main body 10, but there is a structure in which it is difficult to provide the shaft 40 so as to penetrate the main body 10 as shown in FIGS. 43, 44, and 47. is there. Therefore, in this section, a desirable configuration of the shaft 40 will be described.

  In the structure illustrated in FIGS. 43, 44, and 47, the shaft portion is abbreviated, but it is also a desirable form that the shaft is provided at a position that does not appear in the cross section. For example, it is also desirable to provide a resin shaft that is integrally formed with the non-magnetic members 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b and protrudes from one or both ends of the rotor 1.

  FIG. 53 is a perspective view illustrating a structure in which the shaft 4 is provided at one end of the rotor 1 in the direction of the rotation axis M. FIG. You may provide the shaft 4 in both the said edge parts.

  Similar to the structure shown in the second embodiment, the shaft 4 has a shaft body 41 and an end plate 42. A hole 44 is formed at the center of the end plate 42, and a through hole 43 is formed around the hole 44. The shaft main body 41 is inserted into and fixed to the hole 44. However, in the present embodiment, a case where six through holes 43 are provided is illustrated.

  For example, one hole 15 is formed in each of the main body portions 10a to 10f at the end of the rotor 1 in the rotation axis M direction. The holes 15 and the holes 43 are arranged in correspondence with each other, and are fixed with bolts, rivets or the like (not shown).

  Since the shaft 4 does not penetrate through the rotor 1, even if a magnetic material such as iron is used, the magnetic pole surfaces on both sides of the permanent magnet body 14 are not short-circuited, and an increase in bearing loss can be avoided. Further, the degree of freedom increases in the arrangement of the permanent magnet body and the non-magnetic body.

  As in the second embodiment, the end plate 42 may also serve as a balance weight, but the end plate 42 is preferably a non-magnetic material. If the magnetic body is employed, the magnetic flux from the magnetic pole surfaces on both sides of the permanent magnet body 14 is short-circuited via the end plate 42, and the magnetic pole surface of the stator 2 is less likely to be generated on the side surface 100.

  FIG. 54 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the rotor 1 according to a modification of the present embodiment. The main body portions 10a to 10f are separated from each other by the permanent magnet body 14 and the non-magnetic bodies 121a, 121b, 122a, and 122b. However, the hole 15 is formed in the main body portions 10a to 10f, and the shaft 4 shown in FIG. Therefore, the main body portions 10 a to 10 f are connected via the shaft 4. Further, if the hole 16 is formed in the main body portions 10a to 10f and the corresponding through hole 43 is provided in the end plate 42, the main body portions 10a to 10f can be tightened more firmly using bolts or the like. Can do.

  FIG. 55 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the rotor 1 according to another modification of the present embodiment. The permanent magnet body 14 extends substantially linearly between the positions 10P and 10R, and the conversion position 14X exists between the positions 10P and 10R to bisect the permanent magnet body 14. That is, the conversion position 14X is disposed in the vicinity of the rotation axis (not shown). There is a magnetic barrier extending from the vicinity of the conversion position 14X to the vicinity of the side surface 100. As the magnetic barrier, the permanent magnet body 14 and the non-magnetic bodies 121a and 121b at the switching position 14X and the thin portions on both sides thereof function.

  The main body 10 is substantially divided into main body portions 10a, 10b, 10e, and 10f by the embedding holes 13 and the nonmagnetic materials 121a and 121b. More specifically, the main body portion 10a is separated from other main body portions by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic material 121a on the position 10R side, and the main body portion 10b is separated by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic material 121a on the position 10P side. The main body part 10e is separated from the other main body part by the embedding hole 13 and the nonmagnetic body 121b on the position 10P side, and the main body part 10f is separated from the other main body part. It is separated from other main body parts by 121b.

  However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 55, adjacent ones of the main body portions 10 a, 10 b, 10 e, and 10 f are connected via the thin portion of the main body 10. More specifically, the main body portions 10 a and 10 b are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 121 a and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 121 a and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10b and 10e are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the embedding hole 13 at the position 10P. The main body portions 10e and 10f are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the nonmagnetic body 121b and a thin portion between the nonmagnetic body 121b and the embedding hole 13. The main body portions 10f and 10a are connected by a thin portion on the side surface 100 side of the embedding hole 13 at the position 10R.

  The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet body 14 is substantially orthogonal to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet body 14 and the rotation axis M. In the structure shown in FIG. 55, the permanent magnet body 14 passes in the vicinity of the rotation axis (that is, in the vicinity of the conversion position 14 </ b> X) and extends substantially in the diameter direction of the rotor 1. Then, between the position 10R and the conversion position 14X, an N-pole magnetic pole surface 14aN and an S-pole magnetic pole surface 14aS appear on the main body portions 10a and 10f side, respectively. Between the conversion position 14X and the position 10P, an N-pole magnetic pole face 14bN and an S-pole magnetic pole face 14bS appear on the main body portions 10b and 10e, respectively. The conversion position 14X is not substantially magnetized.

  Alternatively, from a different perspective, the permanent magnet body 14 can be grasped as including two permanent magnets 14a and 14b as one body, and the permanent magnets 14a and 14b being adjacent to each other at the switching position 14X. In this case, the conversion position 14X can be grasped as an adjacent position of the adjacent permanent magnet.

  The main body portions 10b and 10f are provided with two through holes 17 that are symmetrical about the rotation axis M (not shown) at a position avoiding the permanent magnet body 14.

  56 is a perspective view illustrating a mode in which the shaft 45 is provided to the rotor 1 having the structure illustrated in FIG. The shaft 45 has a bearing holding portion 45s and a pair of rotor penetrating portions 45r. The rotor penetrating portion 45r is eccentric with respect to the bearing holding portion 45s. When the rotor penetrating portion 45r is fitted into the through hole 17, the rotor 1 can be rotated with the bearing holding portion 45s as the rotation axis.

  One rotor penetrating portion 45r may be provided. In this case, the mechanical strength of the shaft 45 is sufficient for processing as a normal crankshaft. However, the rotation balance of the rotor 1 having the shaft 45 as the rotation axis can be improved by providing two rotor penetrating portions 45r at 180 ° symmetrical positions.

  Note that the rotor 1 has a low resistivity because the main body 10 is usually made of laminated steel sheets, whereas the shaft 45 is made of a single piece of iron or the like. Therefore, it is desirable to suppress the generation of eddy current by adopting a non-magnetic material as the material of the shaft 45 and making it difficult for magnetic flux to pass through the shaft 45.

  Conversely, if a magnetic material is employed as the material of the shaft 45, it is desirable to employ a material having a low resistivity and solidified powders insulated from each other. As shown in FIGS. 55 and 56, when the number of pole pairs is an even number such as two (that is, the number of magnetic pole faces is four), the through holes 17 into which the rotor penetrating portions 45r are fitted are two symmetrical. Even if it is provided at the position, a short circuit of the magnetic flux through the shaft 45 does not occur. This is because a magnetic pole surface having the same polarity is generated on the side surface 100 of the main body portion (the main body portions 10b and 10f taking FIG. 55 as an example) where the through hole 17 is provided.

  However, when the number of pole pairs is an odd number such as three (that is, the number of pole faces is six) as in the structures shown in FIGS. 43, 44, and 47 and the structure shown in FIG. When the through holes 17 into which the through portions 45r are fitted are provided at two symmetrical positions, a short circuit of the magnetic flux through the shaft 45 occurs. Therefore, when the shaft 45 as shown in FIG. 56 is used, the shaft 45 must be non-magnetic.

  However, in the shape in which the permanent magnet body 14 is provided on the side surface 100 of the rotor 1 as in the structure shown in FIG. 50, the through hole 17 can be provided in the same main body portion 10b. The shaft 45 need not be made of a nonmagnetic material. FIG. 57 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor 1 illustrating such a structure. Compared with the structure shown in FIG. 50, the nonmagnetic materials 121 and 122 do not need to bypass the shaft 40, and therefore have a gentle curve. Present or extend almost linearly. The main body portion 10b is provided with two through holes 17 that are approximately 180 ° symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis M. 58 is a perspective view illustrating an aspect in which the rotor penetrating portion 45r is fitted into the through hole 17 in the same manner as FIG. As a result, the rotor 1 can rotate with the bearing holding portion 45s as the rotation axis.

Thirteenth embodiment.
A plurality of rotors having mutually common rotation axes may be provided and connected. FIG. 59 is a perspective view showing the motor by partially breaking the stator 2. Similar to the fifth embodiment, the rotor 1 is divided into rotors 1A and 1B.

  60A and 60B are sectional views showing the positional relationship between the rotor 1A and the stator 2 and the positional relationship between the rotor 1B and the stator 2, respectively. The positional relationship between the rotor 1 and the stator 2 as a whole combining both the rotors 1A and 1B is common in FIGS. 60 (a) and 60 (b).

  The rotors 1A and 1B have the same structure. The permanent magnet bodies 14A and 14B correspond to the permanent magnet body 14 of FIG. 44, the nonmagnetic bodies 121aA and 121aB correspond to the nonmagnetic body 121a of FIG. 44, and the nonmagnetic bodies 121bA and 121bB correspond to the nonmagnetic body 121b of FIG. The non-magnetic bodies 122aA and 122aB correspond to the non-magnetic body 122a in FIG. 44, and the non-magnetic bodies 122bA and 122bB correspond to the non-magnetic body 122b in FIG.

  Although the structure of the stator 2 is not shifted in the circumferential direction about the rotation axis M, the arrangement of the rotors 1A and 1B is shifted from each other by an angle δ in the circumferential direction. Specifically, the position of the permanent magnet body 14A belonging to the rotor 1A and the position of the permanent magnet body 14B belonging to the rotor 1B are shifted by an angle δ in the circumferential direction. Similarly, the positions of the nonmagnetic bodies 121aA, 121bA, 122aA, 122bA and the positions of the nonmagnetic bodies 121aB, 121bB, 122aB, 122bB are also shifted in the circumferential direction by an angle δ.

  60 (a) and 60 (b), a certain reference position in the stator 2 and a center line of the nonmagnetic body 12B are indicated by a one-dot chain line and a two-dot chain line, respectively. In the rotor 1A, the center of the nonmagnetic body 12A coincides with the above-described reference position, but in the rotor 1B, the center of the nonmagnetic body 12B and the above-described reference position are shifted by an angle δ. As described above, since the rotor 1A and the rotor 1B are fixedly connected to each other, the rotor 1A and the rotor 1B have different magnetic flux flows with respect to the same stator 2 position. .

  Conventionally, for example, Patent Document 9 proposes to reduce torque pulsation by dividing the rotor along the rotation axis direction and arranging the rotors in different circumferential directions. Similarly, in the present invention, the pulsation of torque can be reduced by adopting the configuration shown in FIGS. 59 and 60. As the rotor divided in this way, the structures shown in FIGS. 49, 50, 54, and 55 can be adopted in addition to the structures shown in FIGS. 43, 44, and 47. .

General description.
In addition, this invention can be grasped | ascertained as follows. The permanent magnet motor includes a stator 2 and a rotor 1 opposed to the stator 2 via gaps Agi and Agm. The rotor has a substantially cylindrical side surface 100 around a rotation axis M. A main body 10 having In the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis, a position that is a boundary of the magnetic pole surface (herein referred to as a magnetic pole surface boundary position) is set on the side surface 100. And a magnetic barrier extends between them.

  2 and 15, the first magnetic pole face boundary position and the second magnetic pole face boundary position are shown as positions 10Q1 and 10Q2, respectively, and the magnetic barrier 19 extends between them. ing.

  In addition, referring to FIG. 39, nonmagnetic materials 124 and 125 are provided between positions 10Q1 and 10Q2. 40, the nonmagnetic material 12 is provided between the positions 10Q1 and 10Q2. As described above, the thin portions 101 to 104 between both ends and the side surfaces of the non-magnetic bodies 12, 124, and 125 also function as magnetic barriers.

  42, the main body portions 10m and 10n are separated between the positions 10Q1 and 10Q2, and a magnetic barrier exists between them.

  44, 47, 49, and 54, the first magnetic pole face boundary position and the second magnetic pole face boundary position are shown as positions 10Q3 and 10Q4, respectively, and the nonmagnetic material 121a. , 121b and the permanent magnet body 14 at the switching position 14X, and the thin portion between them, and further, the thin portion between the non-magnetic bodies 121a, 121b and the side surface 100 extends between the positions 10Q3, 10Q4. Functioning as a magnetic barrier. The same explanation can be made with respect to FIG.

  Further, even between the positions 10Q5 and 10Q6, the non-magnetic bodies 122a and 122b and the permanent magnet body 14 at the switching position 14Y, and the thin portion between them, and further, the thin wall between the non-magnetic bodies 122a and 122b and the side surface 100. The parts extend, and these function as magnetic barriers.

  50 and 57, the non-magnetic body 121 extends between the positions 10Q3 and 10Q4, and the non-magnetic body 122 extends between the positions 10Q5 and 10Q6. Ten thin portions function as magnetic barriers.

  The rotor 2 includes a plurality of permanent magnets provided on opposite sides to each other through the magnetic barrier described above. This permanent magnet has magnetic pole faces with different polarities.

  2 and 15, permanent magnets 11 a and 11 b are provided on opposite sides of each other via a magnetic barrier 19. The permanent magnet 11a has magnetic pole surfaces 11aN and 11aS, and the permanent magnet 11b has magnetic pole surfaces 11bN and 11bS. The same explanation can be made for FIG.

  41, the permanent magnets 11a and 11b are provided on opposite sides of each other with the nonmagnetic material 12 interposed therebetween.

  44, 47, 49, and 54, permanent magnets 14a and 14b are provided on opposite sides of each other through a magnetic barrier extending between positions 10Q3 and 10Q4. In addition, permanent magnets 14b and 14c are provided on opposite sides of each other via a magnetic barrier extending between positions 10Q5 and 10Q6. The permanent magnet 14a has magnetic pole surfaces 14aN and 14aS, the permanent magnet 14b has magnetic pole surfaces 14bN and 14bS, and the permanent magnet 14c has magnetic pole surfaces 14cN and 14cS. The same description can be made for FIG.

  In such a configuration, transmission of magnetic flux is inhibited by the magnetic barrier between one side and the other side through the magnetic barrier. Therefore, the magnetic flux obtained from each magnetic pole surface can be efficiently guided to the side surface of the rotor. In addition, since the magnetic barrier functions as a magnetic pole surface boundary, the magnetic pole surface of the rotor can be formed independently on each of the opposing sides via the magnetic barrier. This enables the number of magnetic pole faces per permanent magnet to be two or more.

  The permanent magnet motor according to the present invention can be applied to various ranges. For example, it can be employed in a compressor or a blower. Therefore, for example, it can also be applied to an air conditioner via these compressors and blowers.

  The present invention does not particularly define the material of the permanent magnet, but it is preferable to use a sintered rare earth magnet based on neodiiron boron having a large maximum energy product, and an anisotropic material may be used as necessary. In this case, the magnetic flux density is further increased, which is preferable.

Although the present invention has been described in detail, the above description is illustrative in all aspects, and the present invention is not limited thereto. It is understood that countless variations that are not illustrated can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (50)

A stator (2);
A rotor (1) facing the stator via a gap (Agi, Agm);
The rotor is
A body (10) having a generally cylindrical side surface (100) centered on a rotation axis (M);
In a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis, the magnetic barrier (101 to 101) extends between the first magnetic pole surface boundary position and the second magnetic pole surface boundary position (10Q1 to 10Q6) on the side surface and inhibits the transmission of magnetic flux. 104, 12, 45, 121-125, 14X, 14Y),
First and second magnetic pole faces (11aN, 11aS, 11bS, 11bN, 14aN, 14aS, 14bS, 14bN, 14cN, 14cS), which are provided on opposite sides of each other and have different polarities from each other. ) Having a plurality of permanent magnets (11a, 11b, 14a, 14b, 14c). The main body (10) is divided by the magnetic barrier into 2n (n is an integer of 1 or more) magnetic flux generators (1a, 1b) arranged adjacent to the circumferential direction of the rotor,
The first magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets of the adjacent magnetic flux generation units are opposite in polarity to each other,
In each of the permanent magnets, the first magnetic pole surface faces the stator in the magnetic flux generation unit to which the permanent magnet belongs,
Due to the magnetic flux from the second magnetic pole surface, the main body portion (10m, 10n) between the permanent magnet and the magnetic barrier has the same polarity as the second magnetic pole surface and from both sides of the first magnetic pole surface. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein a third magnetic pole face (13aS1, 13aS2; 13bN1, 13bN2) facing the stator is generated. A plurality of the rotors (1A, 1B; 1C, 1D, 1E) are provided,
A plurality of the rotors are fixedly connected to share the rotation axis,
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, wherein the positions of the first magnetic pole surfaces belonging to different rotors are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction. At least three rotors (1C, 1D, 1E) are provided,
Inter-rotor magnetic barrier (5) that inhibits transmission of magnetic flux between the magnetic flux generator of one of the rotors and the magnetic flux generator of the rotor adjacent thereto
Further including
The first magnetic pole surfaces of the rotors are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction,
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, wherein magnetic pole surfaces of different rotors are arranged in the same direction in the direction of the rotation axis. The rotor (1) is surrounded by the stator (2);
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, wherein the second magnetic pole surface (11aS, 11bN) faces the rotation center of the rotor. The rotor (1)
A shaft (46) passing through the main body portion (10m, 10n) at the rotation center;
The permanent magnet electric motor according to claim 5, further comprising a non-magnetic boss (120) provided around the rotating shaft. The rotor (1)
Non-magnetic shaft (45) penetrating through the main body (10m, 10n) at the center of rotation
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 5, further comprising: The rotor (1)
A shaft (4) provided at an end of the rotation center of the main body (10m, 10n)
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 5, further comprising: A plurality of the magnetic barriers (124, 125) are provided between the adjacent magnetic flux generators (1a, 1b),
The plurality of magnetic barriers sandwich the rotating shaft,
The rotor (1)
A shaft (46) passing through the rotor in the rotating shaft
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 5, further comprising:   The permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, wherein a part (10j, 10k) of the main body portion (10m, 10n) is located closer to the stator (2) than the first magnetic pole surface (11aN, 11bS). . The body portion (10m, 10n) is provided with an embedding hole (11a0; 11b0) for embedding the permanent magnet (11a, 11b),
The end portions (101, 102) of the magnetic barrier (19) and the both ends of the embedded hole are arranged at positions where the magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) are substantially equally divided in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rotor (1). The permanent magnet motor according to claim 10. The magnetic barrier (19) includes thin portions (101, 102) that connect the main body portions (10m, 10n) of the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a; 1b) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1),
A non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin-walled portion,
The circumferential width (Tm) at the position closest to the stator (2) at the end of the embedded hole (11a0, 11b0) and the thin portion interposed between the pair of adjacent magnetic flux generating portions The permanent magnet motor according to claim 11, wherein the circumferential width (Tg) at a position closest to the stator is substantially equal. The magnetic barrier (19) includes thin portions (101, 102) that connect the main bodies of the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) at the outer periphery of the rotor (1),
A non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin-walled portion,
The permanent magnet electric motor according to claim 11, wherein a thickness (Bm) between an end of the embedded hole (11a0) and an outer peripheral surface of the rotor is substantially equal to a thickness (Bg) of the thin portion. The main body portions (10m, 10n) are provided with embedded holes (11a0, 11b0) for embedding the permanent magnets (11a, 11b),
The magnetic barrier (19) includes thin portions (101, 102) that connect the main bodies of the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) at the outer periphery of the rotor (1),
A non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin-walled portion,
The permanent magnet electric motor according to claim 2, wherein a thickness (Cg) of the non-magnetic body (12) is larger than a thickness (Cm) of the embedded hole.   The gap (Agm) between the first magnetic pole face (11aN, 11bS) and the stator is the gap between the third magnetic pole face (13aS1, 13aS2, 13bN1, 13bN2) and the stator (2). The permanent magnet motor according to claim 12, which is larger than (Agi).   The thickness (Cg) of the non-magnetic body (12) is about twice or more the gap (Agi) between the third magnetic pole surface (13aS1, 13aS2, 13bN1, 13bN2) and the stator (2). The permanent magnet motor according to claim 14. The main body portions (10m, 10n) are provided with embedded holes (11a0, 11b0) for embedding the permanent magnets (11a, 11b),
11. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 10, wherein an end portion of the embedded hole has a wide portion (9 a, 9 b) extending along a circumferential direction of the rotor (1). In the main body portion (10m, 10n), embedded holes (11a0, 11b0) for embedding the permanent magnets (11a, 11b),
The permanent magnet electric motor according to claim 10, further comprising a non-magnetic body (91 a, 91 b) provided close to the end portion of the embedded hole while being spaced apart. The magnetic barrier (19) includes thin portions (101, 102) that connect the main body portions (10m, 10n) of the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1);
A non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin portion;
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 10, further comprising a nonmagnetic body (91 c) provided close to the end portion of the nonmagnetic body while being spaced apart. The magnetic barrier (19) includes thin portions (101, 102) that connect the main body portions (10m, 10n) of the adjacent magnetic flux generating portions (1a, 1b) on the outer periphery of the rotor (1);
A non-magnetic body (12) extending with one end in contact with the thin portion;
11. The permanent magnet according to claim 10, further comprising another permanent magnet provided at an end portion of the nonmagnetic material and having a magnetic pole surface having the same polarity as the second magnetic pole surface (11 aS, 11 bN) and facing the second magnetic pole surface. Magnet motor. The stator (2)
A first winding (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) for generating a 6n-pole magnetic flux;
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, further comprising a second winding (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) for generating a magnetic flux of 2n poles.   The first windings (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) are concentrated windings, and the second windings (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) are distributed windings. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 21, wherein the permanent magnet motor is wound respectively. The stator (2)
A plurality of teeth (21) around which the first windings (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) are wound
Further comprising
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 22, wherein the second winding (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) is provided on the tooth portion via the first winding. The stator (2)
_A first current (I _6A , I _6B , I _6C ) that generates a magnetic flux of 6n pole and a second current (I _2A , I _2B , I _2C , I _2D , I _2E , I _2F ) that generates a magnetic flux of 2n pole , I _2G , I _2H , I _2I ) windings (A to I) serving as a common path
The permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, comprising: A first case where the rotor (1) rotates the permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 21 to 24 at a value smaller than a predetermined rotation speed except during startup, and A method of driving in a manner divided into a second case where the rotor rotates at a value larger than a predetermined rotation speed,
At least in the first case, it is driven by the magnetic flux of 6n pole,
A driving method of a permanent magnet electric motor driven by the 2n-pole magnetic flux at least in the second case. A method of driving the permanent magnet motor according to claim 21 to claim 24,
A driving method of a permanent magnet motor, wherein driving is performed by the magnetic flux of 2n pole and 6n pole in a driving region including a maximum load set in the permanent magnet motor when the driving state is stable. A method of driving the permanent magnet motor according to claim 21 to claim 24,
A method of driving a permanent magnet motor, wherein the phase of magnetic flux generated in the stator (2) is advanced by a positive value (β ₆ ) with respect to the angle (θ) of the rotor (1). The winding nozzle is swung between the plurality of teeth (21) of the stator (2), and the first winding is wound around the teeth (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) steps;
A second winding (D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2) previously wound on a predetermined winding frame with a distributed winding is inserted between the first windings, and the second winding is inserted into the first winding. Providing to the tooth part via one winding;
A method of manufacturing a permanent magnet motor. The permanent magnets (14a, 14b, 14c) are disposed between the first position (10P) and the second position (10R) substantially facing each other on the side surface (100) with the rotation axis (M) interposed therebetween. Extending adjacent to each other through a magnetic barrier,
The rotor (1) extends from the vicinity of adjacent positions (14X, 14Y) between the permanent magnets to the first magnetic pole face boundary position and the second magnetic pole face boundary position, and the main body is moved together with the permanent magnet. Non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) that is divided into a plurality of magnetically shielded main body portions (10a to 10f)
Further including
2. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is substantially orthogonal to both the extending direction of the permanent magnet and the rotation axis at least in the adjacent position or a portion excluding the adjacent position and the vicinity thereof. The permanent magnet motor described.   The permanent magnets (14a, 14b, 14c) are connected to each other via the adjacent positions (14X, 14Y) to form a permanent magnet body (14), and the permanent magnet bodies at the adjacent positions are not magnetized or 30. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 29, wherein the permanent magnet motor is magnetized along the rotation axis.   31. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft (M). The non-magnetic bodies (122a, 122b) separating the main body portions (10c, 10d) located on the first position (10P) side are convex with respect to the main body portion located on the first position (10P) side. Curved to
The non-magnetic material (121a, 121b) that separates the main body portions (10a, 10f) located on the second position (10R) side is convex with respect to the main body portion located on the second position (10R) side. The permanent magnet motor of claim 31, wherein the permanent magnet motor is curved.   31. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided to bypass the vicinity of the rotation shaft (M).   34. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 33, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) is provided in the vicinity of the side surface (100).   The permanent magnet motor according to claim 34, wherein another magnetic barrier is provided in the vicinity of the first position (10P) and in the vicinity of the second position (10R).   The first magnetic pole surface boundary position and the second magnetic pole surface boundary position (10Q1 to 10Q6), and the first position (10P) and the second position (10R) are the side surfaces (100) of the rotor (1). 31) The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the permanent magnet motor is disposed at a position that equally divides the) in the circumferential direction. The main body (10) is provided with an embedding hole (13) for embedding the permanent magnet body (14),
The width (Tg2) that the end of the non-magnetic body (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122,) on the side surface (100) side has along the side surface, and the embedding hole (13) The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the width (Tm) in the vicinity of the side surface is substantially equal. The main body (10) is provided with an embedding hole (13) for embedding the permanent magnet body (14),
The thickness (Bg) of the thin portion between the non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) and the side surface (100), the embedding hole (13), and the side surface (100) 31. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the thickness (Bm) of the thin wall portion between the two is substantially equal.   The width (Tg1) of the non-magnetic material (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) is about twice or more of the gap between the rotor (1) and the stator (2). The permanent magnet electric motor according to claim 30.   The non-magnetic body (121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 121, 122) and the permanent magnet body (14) are provided in contact with each other or separated by a thin portion of the main body (10). Item 30. The permanent magnet motor of item 30. The rotor (1)
Non-magnetic shaft (40) penetrating through the main body (10) at the rotating shaft (M)
The permanent magnet motor of claim 33, further comprising: The rotor (1)
Insulating shaft (40) penetrating the main body (10) at the rotating shaft (M)
The permanent magnet motor of claim 33, further comprising: The rotor (1)
A shaft (4) provided at an end of the rotating shaft (M) of the main body (10)
The permanent magnet motor of claim 30, further comprising: The rotor (1)
A shaft (45) including a bearing holding portion (45s) and at least one rotor penetrating portion (45r)
Further including
The rotor penetrating portion is eccentric with respect to the bearing holding portion;
31. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the body (10) is provided with a through hole (17) into which the rotor penetrating portion is fitted. A pair of the through hole (17) and the rotor through portion (45r) are provided,
45. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 44, wherein the through holes are formed in two of the main body portions having the same polarity. A plurality of the rotors (1A, 1B) are provided,
The plurality of rotors are fixedly connected to each other with a common rotation axis (M),
31. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the positions of the permanent magnet bodies (14) belonging to different rotors are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction.   The permanent magnet motor according to claim 30, wherein the permanent magnet body (14) has anisotropy in a thickness direction. A method for driving a permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 30 to 47, comprising:
A method for driving a permanent magnet motor, wherein the phase of magnetic flux generated in the stator (2) is advanced by a positive value with respect to the angle (θ) of the rotor (1). A refrigerant compressor comprising the permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 1 to 24 and 29 to 47. A blower comprising the permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 1 to 24 and 29 to 47.

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