JPS647602B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS647602B2
JPS647602B2 JP56196881A JP19688181A JPS647602B2 JP S647602 B2 JPS647602 B2 JP S647602B2 JP 56196881 A JP56196881 A JP 56196881A JP 19688181 A JP19688181 A JP 19688181A JP S647602 B2 JPS647602 B2 JP S647602B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carrageenan
filtration
extraction
filtrate
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56196881A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5898046A (en
Inventor
Shoji Suzuki
Hajime Ito
Taku Tabuchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Acetate Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Acetate Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Acetate Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Acetate Co Ltd
Priority to JP56196881A priority Critical patent/JPS5898046A/en
Publication of JPS5898046A publication Critical patent/JPS5898046A/en
Publication of JPS647602B2 publication Critical patent/JPS647602B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明はカラギーナンの抽出及び濾過時のPH
(水素イオン濃度)を操作することにより効率的
且つ熱安定性の良いカラギーナンの製造方法に関
するものである。 カラギーナンは紅藻類を原料とし、主にChon
−drus crispus,Gigartina stellata,Euch−
euma spinosum等から熱水抽出により製造され
るガラクトース、3−6アンヒドロガラクトース
及びこれらの硫酸エステルを含むガラクタンの一
種である。カラギーナンはその構造中に含まれる
3−6アンヒドロガラクトース単位及び硫酸基含
有量によりカツパー(κ)型、ラムダ(λ)型、
イオタ(ι)型の3種に大別されるが、これらは
それぞれ特異なゲル化性能、ミルク反応性、増粘
作用を有しており、これを利用して食品工業、化
粧品産業、をはじめとする各方面で幅広く使用さ
れている。 一般にカラギーナンの製造方法は原藻に付着し
ている塩等の不純物を除去した後PH8〜10の弱ア
ルカリ性の熱水にて抽出を行ない、次に珪藻土等
の濾過助剤を加えて不溶分を濾別した後ゲルプレ
ス法、ドラム乾燥法、アルコール沈殿法等の方法
により脱水し、乾燥・粉砕を経て精製カラギーナ
ン製品とする方法である。ここで、処理されるカ
ラギーナンの抽出液は極めて粘稠性に富み、且
つ、不溶分が多いため1〜1.5%程度の低濃度で
抽出・濾過を行なうのが普通である。しかし、低
濃度液の脱水をすることはいかなる脱水法におい
ても費用がかかり効率が悪い。例えば通常実施さ
れているアルコール沈殿法においてもその後の分
離に十分な形態の沈殿ができ難いという欠点があ
り、カラギーナンの製造に於てはしばしば脱水を
行なう前に低濃度のカラギーナン水溶液を2〜2
%にまで前濃縮を行なうことさえある。また、抽
出及び濾過を100℃以上の高温度で行なうことは
粘度を下げる意味からいくらか有効な手法ではあ
るけれどもカラギーナン水溶液は熱に対し比較的
不安定であり、最も安定であるべきPH8〜10の領
域に於ても物性の劣化が認められるし、又他のPH
領域に於てはその程度は著しいものがある。さら
には、低粘度品を得る目的で酸性領域でカラギー
ナンの抽出・濾過を行なうことは短時間でその処
理を行ない得れば比較的容易な方法となるが、得
られたカラギーナン粉末製品の熱安定性が劣り、
例えば100℃といつた比較的低温の下でも30分以
内に物性が低下し更には炭化することさえあると
いう不都合な現象も認められる。 本発明者らはこうした従来のカラギーナン製造
法の問題点を解決し効率良くしかも高品質のカラ
ギーナンを製造するための方法を見出すべく鋭意
検討を行なつた結果、中性乃至弱酸性領域にてカ
ラギーナンの抽出・濾過を行なうとその効率が極
めて高くなること、並びに脱水前に濾過液をアル
カリ性にすることにより、粉末製品の熱安定性が
著しく改善されることを見出し本発明を完成させ
たのである。 カラギーナン水溶液はアルカリ領域に於てその
分子が会合状態にあるため極めて粘稠性に富みそ
の結果抽出に長時間を要したり、低濃度で濾過を
行なう必要性が生じてくる。一方、酸性乃至中性
領域−物性劣化防止のため余り低いPHの水溶液で
抽出することは好しくない−に於てはカラギーナ
ン分子の会合状態が解けるため抽出速度が早くな
り且つ濾過性も向上するため2〜3%の高濃度で
もその工程を容易に通過させることが可能となり
極めて経済的である。しかし中性乃至弱酸性領域
(PH5〜8)にて抽出・濾過を行なつたカラギー
ナンはその分子中の硫酸エステルのカウンターカ
チオンが一部H(水素)型になつているため、粉
末製品化し100〜105℃といつた温度で数時間乾燥
させると、場合によつて一部炭化が認められるこ
とがある。この改良方法としてはいくつかの方法
があるが、最も簡単には濾過液にアルカリを添加
しPHを上げ硫酸エステルのカウンターカチオンを
M(金属)型に置換しておく方法が良い。 抽出・濾過時にPHを下げるのに用いられる酸は
硫酸、塩酸、硝酸等の無機酸、ギ酸、酢酸等の有
機酸あるいは酸性塩類等のいずれでもよいが、濾
過終了時に熱安定性を向上する目的で選ばれるア
ルカリは、カラギーナンが硫酸エステルのカウン
ターカチオン種により異なつた性質を示すことか
らその目的に応じて選択することが必要である。
例えば、カツパーカラギーナンに於てそのゲル強
度を強めるためには水酸化カリウム、リン酸三カ
リウム等のカリ型のアルカリ類が、ミルク反応性
を高めるためには水酸化カルシウム等のカルシウ
ム型のアルカリの選択が必要である。 これらのアルカリの添加量は濾過液のPHが8.5
以上となれば良いが、主に経済性の面からPH8.5
〜10が良い。又水酸化カルシウムのような水に対
し溶解度の低いアルカリを使用した場合には精製
の意味から再度不溶分を濾別することも必要であ
る。以下実施例に従つて本発明を具体的に説明す
る。 実施例 1 ユーキユーマ・コトニ600gを充分に水洗し
塩・砂等不純物を除去した後、10%水酸化カリウ
ム水溶液10中に入れ80℃にて4時間浸漬しアル
カリ変性を行なう。終了後藻を取り出し充分水洗
した後2分して試料に供した。 〈試料 A〉 前記前処理したユーキユーマ・コトニ250gを
水1000ml中に移し水酸化カリウムにて水溶液PHを
9.0に合わせ80℃にて4時間抽出を行なつた。次
に珪藻土濾過助剤150gを抽出液に加え不溶分を
濾別した。濾過液濃度は1.80%で濾過速度は80
/m2/hrであつた。又濾滓中に未溶解藻が認め
られた。次に濾過液にイソプロピルアルコールを
添加しカラギーナンの沈殿を生成させて分離す
る。分離した沈殿にさらにイソプロピルアルコー
ルを加えて洗浄し、その後乾燥させる。このよう
にして得た生成物の性質を表1Aに示す。 〈試料 B〉 抽出水溶液PHを塩酸を加えて7.0に合わせる以
外は試料Aと同様にして抽出・濾過を行なつた。
濾過液濃度は2.02%で濾滓中に未溶解藻は認めら
れなかつた。又濾過速度は560/m2/hrであり
抽出効率の改善、濾過性の向上が明らかである。 次に濾過液をさらに2分し、一方に水酸化カリ
ウムを添加しPHを9.0に合わせ、他の一方はその
ままの状態で両者共試料Aと同様にアルコール沈
殿を行ない乾燥物を得た。これらの生成物の性質
を表1B−1,B−2で示す。
The present invention focuses on the pH during extraction and filtration of carrageenan.
The present invention relates to a method for producing carrageenan efficiently and with good thermal stability by manipulating hydrogen ion concentration. Carrageenan is made from red algae, mainly Chon
−drus crispus, Gigartina stellata, Euch−
It is a type of galactan containing galactose, 3-6 anhydrogalactose, and their sulfuric esters produced by hot water extraction from euma spinosum and the like. Carrageenan is classified into Katsupah (κ) type, lambda (λ) type, and
They are roughly divided into three types, iota (ι) type, and each has unique gelling performance, milk reactivity, and thickening effect, and these are used in the food industry, cosmetics industry, etc. It is widely used in various fields. Generally, carrageenan is produced by removing impurities such as salts attached to raw algae, then extracting with slightly alkaline hot water with a pH of 8 to 10, and then adding a filter aid such as diatomaceous earth to remove insoluble matter. After filtration, it is dehydrated by a method such as a gel press method, drum drying method, or alcohol precipitation method, followed by drying and pulverization to obtain a purified carrageenan product. Since the carrageenan extract to be processed is extremely viscous and contains a large amount of insoluble matter, extraction and filtration are usually performed at a low concentration of about 1 to 1.5%. However, dehydrating low concentration liquids is expensive and inefficient in any dehydration method. For example, even the commonly used alcohol precipitation method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to form a precipitate in a form sufficient for subsequent separation, and in the production of carrageenan, a low concentration carrageenan aqueous solution is often mixed for 2 to 2 hours before dehydration.
Pre-concentration may even be carried out to %. Furthermore, although performing extraction and filtration at a high temperature of 100℃ or higher is a somewhat effective method in terms of lowering viscosity, carrageenan aqueous solutions are relatively unstable to heat, and at a pH of 8 to 10, which should be the most stable. Deterioration of physical properties is also observed in this area, and other PH
In some areas, the extent of this is remarkable. Furthermore, extraction and filtration of carrageenan in an acidic region for the purpose of obtaining a low-viscosity product is a relatively easy method if the process can be carried out in a short time, but the thermal stability of the resulting carrageenan powder product inferior in sex,
For example, even at a relatively low temperature of 100°C, there is an undesirable phenomenon in which physical properties deteriorate and even carbonization occurs within 30 minutes. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the problems of the conventional carrageenan production method and find a method for efficiently producing high-quality carrageenan. They discovered that the efficiency of extraction and filtration becomes extremely high, and that by making the filtrate alkaline before dehydration, the thermal stability of powdered products can be significantly improved. . An aqueous solution of carrageenan is extremely viscous because its molecules are in an associated state in an alkaline region, and as a result, extraction takes a long time or requires filtration at a low concentration. On the other hand, in the acidic to neutral region - it is not preferable to extract with an aqueous solution with a very low pH to prevent deterioration of physical properties - the association state of carrageenan molecules is dissolved, so the extraction speed becomes faster and the filterability improves. Therefore, it is possible to easily pass through the process even at a high concentration of 2 to 3%, making it extremely economical. However, carrageenan that has been extracted and filtered in a neutral to weakly acidic region (PH5-8) has some of the counter cations of the sulfate ester in its molecules in the H (hydrogen) form, so it has to be made into a powder product. When dried at temperatures of ~105°C for several hours, some carbonization may be observed in some cases. There are several ways to improve this, but the simplest method is to add alkali to the filtrate to raise the pH and replace the counter cation of the sulfate ester with the M (metal) type. The acid used to lower the pH during extraction and filtration may be inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, organic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid, or acid salts, but the purpose is to improve thermal stability at the end of filtration. Since carrageenan exhibits different properties depending on the type of counter cation of the sulfate ester, it is necessary to select the alkali according to the purpose.
For example, in Katsupa carrageenan, potash-type alkalis such as potassium hydroxide and tripotassium phosphate are used to strengthen its gel strength, and calcium-type alkalis such as calcium hydroxide are used to increase milk reactivity. It is necessary to make a selection. The amount of these alkalis added is such that the pH of the filtrate is 8.5.
It would be better if it were above PH8.5, but mainly from the economical point of view.
~10 is good. Furthermore, when an alkali having low solubility in water, such as calcium hydroxide, is used, it is necessary to filter out insoluble matter again for purification purposes. The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples. Example 1 After thoroughly washing 600 g of Euchyuma cotoni with water to remove impurities such as salt and sand, it was placed in 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and immersed at 80° C. for 4 hours to perform alkaline denaturation. After completion, the algae were taken out, thoroughly washed with water, and then used as a sample after 2 minutes. <Sample A> Transfer 250 g of the pretreated Yukiyuma kotonii into 1000 ml of water and adjust the pH of the aqueous solution with potassium hydroxide.
Extraction was performed at 80°C for 4 hours at a temperature of 9.0. Next, 150 g of diatomaceous earth filter aid was added to the extract and insoluble matter was filtered out. Filtrate concentration is 1.80% and filtration rate is 80
/m 2 /hr. In addition, undissolved algae were observed in the filter dregs. Next, isopropyl alcohol is added to the filtrate to form a precipitate of carrageenan, which is then separated. The separated precipitate is further washed with isopropyl alcohol, and then dried. The properties of the product thus obtained are shown in Table 1A. <Sample B> Extraction and filtration were performed in the same manner as Sample A except that the pH of the aqueous extraction solution was adjusted to 7.0 by adding hydrochloric acid.
The filtrate concentration was 2.02%, and no undissolved algae was observed in the filtrate. Furthermore, the filtration rate was 560/m 2 /hr, and it is clear that the extraction efficiency and filterability were improved. Next, the filtrate was further divided into two parts, potassium hydroxide was added to one part to adjust the pH to 9.0, and the other part was left as it was and both were subjected to alcohol precipitation in the same manner as Sample A to obtain a dried product. The properties of these products are shown in Tables 1B-1 and B-2.

【表】 濾過液PHを上げることにより熱安定性の改善さ
れていることが明らかである。 実施例 2 ユーキユーマ・スピノサム500gを充分水洗し
塩、砂等不純物を除去した後、0.02規定塩酸水溶
液5中に入れ20分間浸漬膨潤せしめその後2分
して試料に供した。 抽出及び濾過終了時のアルカリを水酸化カリウ
ムから水酸化カルシウムに代える以外は実施例1
と同様にして実験を行ない最後に水酸化カルシウ
ムの不溶分を除く意味から再度濾過を行なつた。
これらの結果を表2に示す。
[Table] It is clear that thermal stability is improved by increasing the filtrate pH. Example 2 After thoroughly washing 500 g of Euchyuma spinosum with water to remove impurities such as salt and sand, it was placed in a 0.02 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution 5 and immersed for 20 minutes to swell, and after 2 minutes, it was used as a sample. Example 1 except that potassium hydroxide was replaced with calcium hydroxide as the alkali at the end of extraction and filtration.
An experiment was carried out in the same manner as above, and at the end, filtration was performed again to remove insoluble calcium hydroxide.
These results are shown in Table 2.

【表】 測定条件は実施例1と同じ
ゲル硬さ:1.5%溶液ネオカードメーター
8mmφプランジヤ、25℃で測定
抽出効率の改善、濾過性の向上、又熱安定性の
向上が明らかであり、抽出時及び濾過時のPH調節
の効果が明白である。
[Table] Measurement conditions are the same as Example 1 Gel hardness: 1.5% solution Neocard meter
Measured using an 8mmφ plunger at 25°C. Improvements in extraction efficiency, filtration performance, and thermal stability are evident, and the effects of PH adjustment during extraction and filtration are obvious.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 系のPHを5〜8としてカラギーナンの抽出・
過を行つた後、過液にアルカリを添加して
液のPHを8.5以上として脱水を行なうことを特徴
とするカラギーナンの製造方法。
1 Extraction of carrageenan by setting the pH of the system to 5 to 8.
A method for producing carrageenan, which comprises, after filtration, adding an alkali to the filtrate to bring the pH of the solution to 8.5 or higher and dehydration.
JP56196881A 1981-12-09 1981-12-09 Preparation of carrageenan Granted JPS5898046A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56196881A JPS5898046A (en) 1981-12-09 1981-12-09 Preparation of carrageenan

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56196881A JPS5898046A (en) 1981-12-09 1981-12-09 Preparation of carrageenan

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5898046A JPS5898046A (en) 1983-06-10
JPS647602B2 true JPS647602B2 (en) 1989-02-09

Family

ID=16365199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56196881A Granted JPS5898046A (en) 1981-12-09 1981-12-09 Preparation of carrageenan

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5898046A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0662682B2 (en) * 1985-12-27 1994-08-17 三菱レイヨン株式会社 Carrageenan production method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5017079A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-02-22

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5898046A (en) 1983-06-10

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