JPS6411276B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for mechanically processing feed for culturing yellowtail, sea bream, horse mackerel, and other fish, and particularly for automatically and continuously extruding the feed using a single processing apparatus. However, when granulating into fine pellets with a constant particle size, it is necessary to completely prevent the feed in a raw state or especially in a frozen state from adhering to or accumulating on the inner wall surface of the hopper that forms the crushing and stirring chamber. , which has been improved so that it can be granulated efficiently and evenly.

Hereinafter, the specific structure of the present invention will be explained in detail based on the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings. Figures 1 to 5 show a type of feed processing device to be installed and used on a ship.
Reference numeral 10 denotes an installation frame that is made of angle steel or the like and is integrated into a stable rectangular parallelepiped frame, and 11 is a hopper fixedly installed at the upper center of the installation frame;
As is clear from the enlarged view in Figure 4, the interior thereof is the feed crushing and stirring chamber A. That hopper 1
1 is elongated along the longitudinal direction of the installation frame 10 and has a funnel-shaped cross section, and feed is fed from above where it expands.

As the feed, relatively inexpensive natural animal feed such as sardines is used as raw feed or as hardened frozen feed.
If necessary, artificial bait is also added to the mixed state via the binder. 12 is the opening/closing lid of the inlet;
A cylindrical housing 13 extends along a direction perpendicular to the hopper 11, and is fixedly supported at the center of the installation frame 10 at a position directly below the hopper 11.

The inside of the housing 13 is defined as an extrusion chamber S for the feed subjected to the crushing and stirring action, and the extrusion chamber S and the crushing and stirring chamber A are kept open and communicating with each other. That is, as extracted in FIGS. 6 to 8, the concavely curved bottom surface b of the funnel-shaped hopper 11 and the convexly curved top surface t of the cylindrical housing 13 overlap each other by a certain height dimension H. In this state, a vertical communication port 14 having a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the vertical direction is opened so as to cut out the bottom surface b facing the overlapped portion.

This communication port 14 is used in a state where it is always open and exposed without being covered, and as a result, the circumferential surface d of the feed extrusion screw, which will be described later, becomes the virtual concave original to the hopper 11. curved bottom b
It is to be projected tall so as to go beyond the pulverizing and stirring chamber A. This allows the circumferential surface d of the extrusion screw to be
It is also possible to bring it as close as possible to the inner peripheral surface of the extrusion screw, and the extrusion action loss can also be eliminated by the extrusion screw. However, the amount of the intrusion into the crushing/stirring chamber A can be appropriately set in consideration of the relationship with the crushing blades and stirring blades, which will be described later. Reference numeral 15 denotes a connection cover between the hopper 11 and the housing 13, which faces the vicinity of the communication port 14 in its low profile.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a rotating shaft supported horizontally in the crushing/stirring chamber A, and the hopper 11
It is rotationally driven by a hydraulic motor 17 from the outside. Reference numeral 18 indicates a switching valve for the pressure oil, and reference numeral 19 indicates a reduction gear. At the central position of the rotating shaft 16 directly above the communication port 14, a plurality of rotary crushing blades 20 (four in the illustrated example, a total of eight blades) are fixed in a locally concentrated parallel state. and a fixed crushing blade 21 protruding from the inner wall surface of the hopper 11 to correspond to this, so that the feed can be sheared so as to be cut into a certain random shape and size. It's summery. Reference numeral 22 denotes a mounting plate for commonly mounting a plurality of fixed crushing blades 21, and is welded to the inner wall surface of the hopper 11, particularly near the bottom surface.

In this case, the rotary crushing blades 20 are in the form of a flat plate, and each of the four blades is projected from the boss 23 so as to form a straight line of 180 degrees, and all of them are oriented in the same direction. 24 is the key, 25
indicates a fixing push bolt, and θ indicates an angle of action at which the rotating crushing blade 20 and the fixed crushing blade 21 intersect.

Reference numeral 26 denotes a pair of left and right stirring blades extending from both ends of the boss 23 of the rotary crushing blade 20 so as to rotate together with the rotating shaft 16. The two blades are sandwiched between them, and the pair of blades face each other in such a position that they are perpendicular to the linearly arranged rotary crushing blade 20. Moreover, each of the stirring blades 26 has its plate surface twisted and curved in an arc as a whole so as to correspond to the concavely curved bottom surface b of the hopper 11. They are defined as a pair facing in opposite directions. In other words, the pair of stirring blades 26 stirs the feed in the crushing/stirring chamber A, and gathers and concentrates the feed from the left and right directions to the central position where the crushing blades 20 and 21 are present. It is structured so that it can be used.

Reference numeral 27 denotes a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) support arms that support such stirring blades 26,
Each of them is made of a prismatic material, and its protruding base end is welded to a boss 28 that is fitted and fixed to the rotating shaft 16, and the tip end is similarly fixed to the stirring blade 26 itself by bolts or the like. 29 is the stirring blade 2
A plurality of notch blades (two in the illustrated example) are provided in the middle of the hopper 6, and each of them, together with a fixed blade 30 correspondingly protruding from the inner wall surface of the hopper 11, It has also become possible to shear feed more efficiently. The stirring blade 26 is designed to perform both the stirring action and the crushing action of the feed.
As a result, combined with the fact that a plurality of the rotary crushing blades 20 are arranged locally and in parallel at the central position, even if the communication port 14 is used in its normal open state, the feed cannot be crushed or crushed. Grinding and stirring can be carried out in the stirring chamber A with as little loss as possible.

Inside the feed extrusion chamber S, the screw 3 is placed horizontally and pushes out the agitated feed.
A rotation shaft 34 of No. 3 is installed through the housing 13, and is rotatably driven by a separate hydraulic motor 35 from the outside of the housing 13. 36 is a switching valve for the pressure oil. The extrusion screw 33 is integrally protruded from its rotating shaft 34 and has a circular shape with the same diameter, but its spiral pitch becomes gradually narrower toward the tip in the extrusion direction. It has been changed to become. The feed after stirring is transferred from the hopper 11 to the communication port 1.
4, the feed is received into the extrusion chamber S of the housing 13 in as large a quantity as possible, and the feed is compressed as the feed is extruded, so that the subsequent granulation action can be carried out efficiently.

Reference numeral 37 denotes a plurality of feed relief grooves (eight in the illustrated example) arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction on the inner wall surface of the housing 13, and the excess amount during the granulation process is recycled. to retreat. M is a granulating blade that is fixed to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 34 at the extrusion end position of the feed by the extrusion screw 33, and is fitted and fixed to the inner wall surface of the housing 13 in a closed state. Grain plate 3
It consists of a pair of an inner granulating blade 39 and an outer granulating blade 40 that sandwich the granulating blade 8 in between.

A large number of through holes 41 with a constant diameter are formed through the granulation plate 38, and the granulation plate 38 is fixed in a fixed state by a rotation prevention key 42 inserted between the housing 13 and the circumferential surface of the granulation plate 38. It is maintained. A pair of inner and outer granulating blades 39 sandwiching this,
Since the screw 40 rotates, the feed extruded by the screw 33 is finely cut into pellets having a constant particle size.
By the way, its size and shape are, for example, about 3 to 30cm in diameter.
Although the particle size is cylindrical with a length of about 12 mm and a length of about 4 to 18 mm, it goes without saying that the particle size can be changed depending on the diameter of the through hole 41.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a short shaft for attaching the two granulating blades 39, 40, which is screwed into the rotating shaft 34 of the screw 33 and is in a fitted state in which it can rotate integrally with the two granulating blades 39, 40. It is in. Reference numeral 44 designates a retaining cap fixed to the short mounting shaft 43 with a bolt 45, and reference numeral 46 designates a leaf spring inserted between the cap 44 and the outer granulating blade 40, which controls the extrusion force of the feed and The granulating blade M is pressed from the opposing direction. Reference numeral 47 denotes a fixed ring screwed onto the open end of the housing 13 in a capped state, and is fastened so as to be detachable by turning a tool or a handle. Therefore, by removing this, the granulating blade M, granulating plate 38, etc. can be replaced and installed, and maintenance and inspection thereof can be easily performed. 48 is a presser ring for the granulation plate 38;
The plate 38 and the fixed ring 47 are interposed between each other.

Although the explanation has been made regarding the type installed on a ship, by employing an electric motor or other rotational drive source in place of the above-mentioned hydraulic motors 17 and 35, the processing apparatus of the present invention can be used for processing on land. Of course, it can also be used as is by installing it on the work floor of the workplace.

As described above, in the configuration of the present invention, the feed is crushed and
The concavely curved bottom surface b of the funnel-shaped hopper 11 that forms the stirring chamber A and the convexly curved top surface t of the cylindrical housing 13 that forms the extrusion chamber S for the crushed and stirred feed are set to a certain height dimension H. By overlapping the two parts and cutting out the bottom surface b facing the overlap part, the crushing/stirring chamber A and the extrusion chamber S are cut out.
At the same time, the crushing blade 20 and the rotating shaft 16 of the stirring blade 26 are horizontally installed in the crushing/stirring chamber A.
Inside the extrusion chamber S, the rotation axis 3 of the extrusion screw 33 is in a horizontal state perpendicular to the rotation axis 16.
In the fish aquaculture feed processing device which supports the hopper 4, the communication port 14 is always open and exposed, so that the circumferential surface d of the extrusion screw 33 is
The rotary shaft 16 in the grinding/stirring chamber A extends out taller than the virtual concave curved bottom surface b of the grinding/stirring chamber A, and maintains the state in which it enters the grinding/stirring chamber A.
4, a plurality of flat plate type crushing blades 20 are fixed in parallel in a localized manner, and hoppers 11 are placed at both left and right end positions of the rotating shaft 16.
It has an arcuate curved shape corresponding to the concavely curved bottom surface b, and the directions of the curves are set in opposite directions to each other, so that a pair of opposing surfaces are formed to gather the feed to the central position where the crushing blade 20 is present. The stirring blades 26 are fixedly installed, and each of the stirring blades 26
A notch blade 29 is provided in the middle of the blade, and in conjunction with the rotating crushing blade 20 and the notch blade 29 of the stirring blade 26, a large number of fixed blades 21, 30 are provided at corresponding positions to shear the feed. While integrally protruding inward from the hopper 11, the helical pitch of the extrusion screw 33, which is ejected from the rotating shaft 34 in the extrusion chamber S, is gradually narrowed as it advances toward its feed extrusion end position. At the same time, the feed extrusion end position of the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34, together with the granulation plate 38 fitted and fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 13, turns the feed into pellets of a constant particle size. The granulation blades 39 and 40 that cut finely are fitted as a pair of inner and outer parts sandwiching the granulation plate 38 so that they can rotate together, so that the pulverization and stirring chamber A
It is possible to reliably prevent feed from adhering to or accumulating on the inner wall surface of the funnel-shaped hopper 11 that forms the hopper, and the feed can be processed more efficiently.

In other words, in addition to adding nutrients to live bait, when artificial bait is mixed with it, a caking agent is also added to it, or frozen bait is added, and in the former case, the caking force of the bait causes the bait to form a funnel shape. The frozen bait adheres and remains on the inner wall surface of the eggplant hopper 11, especially the bottom surface, and in the latter case, as a result of not being radiated, the frozen bait refreezes each other and forms a lump, which also accumulates and remains on the inner wall surface of the hopper 11. According to the above configuration of the present invention, the crushing/stirring chamber A and the extrusion chamber S are vertically communicated with each other by cutting out the concavely curved bottom surface b facing the overlapping portion of the hopper 11 and the housing 13. A port 14 has been opened, and the communication port 14
The lid is not closed during use and is kept open and exposed at all times.

Moreover, this allows the screw 3 to be ejected from the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34 in the housing 13.
Since the circumferential surface t of the hopper 11 is projected taller than the original virtual concave curved bottom surface b of the hopper 11 and enters into the grinding/stirring chamber A, the The feed can be directly received into the extrusion chamber S of the housing 13 without any drop, so that the feed adheres to the inner wall surface of the hopper 11, especially the bottom surface, the connecting cover 15 between this and the housing 13, etc.・Do not allow time or space for them to remain.

In this regard, if the hopper 11 and the housing 13
Even if the upper and lower communication ports 14 are opened in that area, if the communication ports 14 are covered by a separate bottom plate when in use, there is a possibility that food will adhere to the bottom plate. - It is obvious that the above effect cannot be achieved because of the result of deposition.

Furthermore, if the communication port 14 is kept covered by a separate bottom plate, it is necessary to set the diameter of the extrusion screw 33 small in order to prevent interference between the bottom plate and the circumferential surface t of the extrusion screw 33. , and as a result, if the hopper 11 and the housing 13 are in an overlapping state, the housing 1
3 and the circumferential surface t of the extrusion screw 33. It becomes impossible to apply the working force effectively without loss, and the subsequent granulation action cannot be carried out reliably.

In this regard, in the present invention, the circumferential surface t of the extrusion screw 33 is in a relationship where it enters the inside of the hopper 11 without interfering with it, so even if the hopper 11 and the housing 13 overlap, the above-mentioned problem can be solved. Housing 13 does not occur at all.
The inner extrusion screw 33 can be formed with as little clearance as possible from the inner peripheral surface of the housing 13 and its diameter can be made as large as possible, and as a result, the extrusion action on the bait can be carried out with high efficiency without loss. Furthermore, by setting the overlapping state as described above, it becomes possible to make the entire apparatus low and compact, and is therefore particularly useful for stable installation and use on small ships.

Furthermore, even if the communication port 14 is used in its normally open state, the rotating shaft 1 facing directly above it
6, a plurality of crushing blades 20 are arranged in parallel in a localized manner, and a pair of stirring blades 26 provided with notched blades 29 are similarly installed at both left and right end positions of the rotating shaft 16. Since the stirring blade 26 is also set to perform the crushing action of the feed, the crushing and stirring action on the feed in the crushing/stirring chamber A is controlled by the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 16. After all, it can also be operated reliably without loss.

Further, in addition to being able to form the extrusion screw 33 with a large diameter dimension relative to the housing 13 as described above, the helical pitch of the extrusion screw 33 can be configured to gradually become narrower as it advances toward the extrusion end position of the bait. Because of this change, it is possible to automatically apply compressive force to the feed as the extrusion progresses. At the final extrusion end position where the compressive force is applied, the granulation plate 38 is attached to the housing 13.
On the other hand, the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34 has a pair of inner and outer granulation blades 39, with the granulation plate 38 sandwiched therebetween.
40 are fitted so that they can rotate together, so that the feed can be accumulated in the compressed state and granulated stably and smoothly, and the feed can be reliably cut into pellets with a constant particle size. You can get it.

In this case, in particular, a plurality of parallel feed relief grooves 37 are arranged in the inner circumferential surface of the housing 13 along the rotational axis of the extrusion screw, and excess feed during granulation is removed from the grooves 37. If it is retracted along the feed, a so-called recycling-like extrusion force can be applied to the feed, and an excessive load on the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34 can be prevented and the granulation operation can be made smoother. It can be said that it is extremely profitable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic front view of the feed processing apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an overall schematic side view, FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing the inside of the hopper, and FIG. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the - line in Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is a side sectional view extracting the state of connection between the hopper and the housing, 7 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a plan view. 10... Installation frame, 11... Hopper, 1
3... Housing, 14... Communication port, 15... Connection cover, 16, 34... Rotating shaft, 20... Rotating crushing blade, 21, 30... Fixed crushing blade, 26... Stirring blade, 33... Extrusion screw, 38... Granulation plate, A... Stirring chamber, S... Extrusion chamber, H...
Height dimension, M... Granulation blade, b... Concave curved bottom surface, d
...screw circumferential surface, t...convex curved top surface.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A concavely curved bottom surface b of the funnel-shaped hopper 11 that forms the feed crushing/stirring chamber A, and a convexly curved top of the cylindrical housing 13 that forms the extrusion chamber S for the crushed and stirred feed. By overlapping the surface t by a certain height dimension H and cutting out the bottom surface b facing the overlapped portion, a vertical communication port 14 between the crushing/stirring chamber A and the extrusion chamber S is opened, and The crushing blade 20 and the rotating shaft 16 of the stirring blade 26 are horizontally installed in the crushing/stirring chamber A, while
Inside the extrusion chamber S, the rotation axis 3 of the extrusion screw 33 is in a horizontal state perpendicular to the rotation axis 16.
In the fish aquaculture feed processing device which supports the hopper 4, the communication port 14 is always open and exposed, so that the circumferential surface d of the extrusion screw 33 is
The rotary shaft 16 in the grinding/stirring chamber A is connected to the communication port 1 while projecting taller than the virtual concave curved bottom surface b of the grinding/stirring chamber A.
4, a plurality of flat plate-shaped crushing blades 20 are fixed in parallel in a localized manner, and hoppers 11 are placed at both left and right end positions of the rotating shaft 16.
has an arcuate curved shape corresponding to the concavely curved bottom surface b, and the directions of the curvatures are set in opposite directions to each other, so that a pair of opposing surfaces are formed in order to gather the feed to the central position where the crushing blade 20 is present. The stirring blades 26 are fixedly installed, and each of the stirring blades 26
A notch blade 29 is provided in the middle of the feed, and together with the rotating crushing blade 20 and the notch blade 29 of the stirring blade 26, a large number of fixed blades 21, 30 are provided at corresponding positions to shear the feed. While integrally protruding inward from the hopper 11, the helical pitch of the extrusion screw 33, which is ejected from the rotating shaft 34 in the extrusion chamber S, is gradually narrowed as it advances toward its feed extrusion end position. At the same time, at the feed extrusion end position of the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34, a granulation plate 38 fitted and fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 13 works to turn the feed into pellets of a constant particle size. A processing device for fish culture feed, characterized in that granulation blades 39 and 40 for cutting finely are fitted as an inner and outer pair with a granulation plate 38 sandwiched therebetween so that they can rotate together. 2. The concavely curved bottom surface b of the funnel-shaped hopper 11 that forms the feed crushing/stirring chamber A and the convexly curved top surface t of the cylindrical housing 13 that forms the extrusion chamber S for the crushed and stirred feed are kept constant. By overlapping by the height dimension H and notching the bottom surface b facing the overlapping part, a vertical communication port 14 between the crushing/stirring chamber A and the extrusion chamber S is opened, and the crushing/stirring chamber A Inside, the rotating shaft 16 of the crushing blade 20 and stirring blade 26 is installed horizontally, while
Inside the extrusion chamber S, the rotation axis 3 of the extrusion screw 33 is in a horizontal state perpendicular to the rotation axis 16.
In the fish aquaculture feed processing device which supports the hopper 4, the communication port 14 is always open and exposed, so that the circumferential surface d of the extrusion screw 33 is
The rotary shaft 16 in the grinding/stirring chamber A is connected to the communication port 1 while projecting taller than the virtual concave curved bottom surface b of the grinding/stirring chamber A.
4, a plurality of flat plate-shaped crushing blades 20 are fixed in parallel in a localized manner, and hoppers 11 are placed at both left and right end positions of the rotating shaft 16.
has an arcuate curved shape corresponding to the concavely curved bottom surface b, and the directions of the curvatures are set in opposite directions to each other, so that a pair of opposing surfaces are formed in order to gather the feed to the central position where the crushing blade 20 is present. The stirring blades 26 are fixedly installed, and each of the stirring blades 26
A notch blade 29 is provided in the middle of the feed, and together with the rotating crushing blade 20 and the notch blade 29 of the stirring blade 26, a large number of fixed blades 21, 30 are provided at corresponding positions to shear the feed. While integrally protruding inward from the hopper 11, the helical pitch of the extrusion screw 33, which is ejected from the rotating shaft 34 in the extrusion chamber S, is gradually narrowed as it advances toward its feed extrusion end position. At the same time, at the feed extrusion end position of the extrusion screw rotating shaft 34, a granulation plate 38 fitted and fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 13 works to turn the feed into pellets of a constant particle size. The granulating blades 39 and 40 that cut finely are fitted as a pair of inner and outer parts sandwiching the granulating plate 38 so that they can rotate together, and the excess amount of granulated feed is retracted onto the inner circumferential surface of the housing 13. A plurality of relief grooves 37,
A fish culture feed processing device characterized in that the extrusion screws 33 are arranged in parallel along the rotating shaft 34.