JPS638687A - Welder training apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a weld tank image generating device.

This invention is used as a training device for training welders to master manual and semi-automatic arc welding operations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally known training simulators for welders include a mechanism for modeling the motion of the welding tank and the length of the rond electrode relative to the simulated workpiece, and a mechanism for generating appropriate signals and for training the operator. It is equipped with a circuit that records the operation of the robot. In this training device, the welded part simulator includes a welding tank and a movable ruler that simulates a photovoltaic cell, and is movable along the joint in a straight line or in a zigzag manner. The electrode holder simulator includes an electrode simulator, a transducer responsive to arc gap length, and an electrode simulator setting angle sensor. The end of the electrode simulator is provided with a protruding adapter consisting of a transparent member that simulates the length of the arc between the end of the electrode simulator and the simulated welded part, and said electrode simulator is provided with a projecting adapter for illuminating the adapter. Has a light source. This adapter is movable to switch on the sensor with the permissible arc gap length as a preset parameter.

The sensor forms a switch with a pair of contacts, while the adapter is movable such that the movable contact has a connection with any of said contacts located at the face end of its passage, said pair of contacts having a parameter controllable for the movable contact of the adapter to change the In addition, the training device is equipped with a signal lamp and an audio frequency generator, which simulates the light and noise background of the arc welding process and generates an alarm signal for breaking the preset arc gap length. Send.

(Reference: British Patent No. 1,455,972.IPCG
09 B 9100.1976, l1arveyB
ordsen Schow and Maeyl Ab
rams) The disadvantage of conventional training equipment is that it employs a wrong simulation of the welding process by utilizing arc gap length limit sensors with mechanical contact between the end of the electrode simulator and the welded part simulator. The point is that This leads to trainees being taught the wrong techniques and reduces the quality of training.

Furthermore, other training devices known in the art include a helmet with built-in headphones, an electrode simulator with a holder equipped with a device for sensing the angular position of the electrode simulator, a drive part for simulating electrode melting, and an electrode simulator at the end of the electrode simulator. with permanent magnets.

It has a drive and includes a target unit with a movable cartridge simulating a movable welding bath. Arranged on the cartridge are a Hall generator that records the length of the arc gap, the deviation from the target center and the velocity of the end of the electrode simulator, and a signal lamp that simulates the arc.

The training device also includes a control device that records perturbations in the preset arc gap length, the angular position of the electrode simulator, and the velocity of the end of the electrode simulator. (Reference: U.S. Patent No. 4,124,944, IPCG09 B
19/24. Published 1978, Blair Bruc
e A.) The disadvantage of the above training device is that it only simulates the peripheral elements involved in the welding process, and the device that senses the arc gap length and the inclination angle of the electrode simulator does not require external electromagnetic The noise prevention ability against the field is poor. In other words, the display accuracy of the device that senses the arc gap length depends on the tilt angle of the electrode simulator.
As a result, welding trainees develop a habit of making incorrect operations.

Furthermore, the training device disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1,038,963 is well known. This was announced in 1983 and I
PCG09 B 19/24 1 inventor is V, V,
Vasilyev, S. H. Danilyak and N. A. Ropalo.

This training device includes a helmet with a built-in headphone, an electrode simulator with a holder, a control device, a welding process thermal equilibrium model device, and an electrode spatial position recording device. The above electrode simulator is a heat dissipation system that detects the arc gap length, electrode inclination angle, and deviation from the target center.
It is made from a hollow cylinder with a receiving element. That is, the outputs of these elements are connected to an electrode space position recorder connected to a control device and to a thermal equilibrium model device.

Furthermore, the training device disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 980124 is also known. This was announced in 1982 and
CG○9 8 18/24.

Inventors: B, E, Paton, G, E, Pu
khov, V, V.

Vasilyev, V.A., Bogdanisk
It is y.

This training device consists of a helmet with a built-in headphone, an electrode simulator with a holder, a drive unit for simulating electrode tip melting, a permanent magnet at the electrode tip, a movable carriage with a lamp with two filaments, and a movable welder. It has a target device with a drive for tank simulation.

A Hall generator is arranged above the carriage to record the arc gap length, the deviation of the electrode simulator end from the target center and the velocity of the electrode simulator end. That is, the first filament of the signal lamp is used for simulating the arc, while the second filament is used for simulating the heat treatment occurring in the welding tank.

The lamp is connected to the enthalpy signal output of a device with a thermal equilibrium electronic model. The training device comprises a control device corresponding to a preset value of the arc gap length, the angular position of the electrode simulator, its speed and the thermal conditions of the welding bath.

These two training devices have low training efficiency and limited functionality. The reason is that this training device does not have a simulation of the actual welding method, such as changes in the size and brightness of the welding tank during the welding simulation process, and also does not have a simulation that has the possibility of changing the parameters of the welding tank. Both the simulation of grooving of welded components and the simulation of flying sparks are used to evaluate the path of movement of the electrode simulator end and the quality of the simulated welding process and burnt incomplete penetration of the weld. It also does not have a simulation of bonded images. Known training devices are based on strictly linear shapes of joints; they cannot be used to train curved and compound path joints. The known training devices are not intended for teaching welding with rod electrodes and cannot be used to train welders using electrode wires in an inert gas medium. The reason for this is that a simulator for manual tools is not available. This limits the field of application of known training devices and their functional equipment. The training device cannot operate in a self-teaching state when the welding bath tracks the position of the electrode simulator end. Instead, the training device has a programmed training mode when the welder follows the position of the welding bath with the electrodes.

This also limits the use of training devices to check the professional competence and proficiency of welders.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a training device for welders that can improve human muscular activity habits associated with welding processes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a welder training device that can simulate and monitor many elements of an actual welding process.

Another object of the invention is to widen the field of application of the training device.

Another object of the invention is to improve training efficiency.

Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a training device for welders that can completely and accurately check the work results of a trained person.

Another object of the invention is to organize a system of audio and video feedback signals to indicate that the simulated welding process is being performed accurately.

Means for Solving the Problems A training device for welders according to the present invention includes an FG contact situation simulation device, a welding electrode simulator, and a welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model, and further includes the welding electrode simulator and the thermal equilibrium electronic model. The present invention is equipped with a training control/monitoring device connected to the model and the welding situation simulation device, and the feature of the present invention is that the welding situation simulation device is configured with a television-type display section, and the training control/monitoring device is connected to the welding situation simulation device. The display unit is connected to an electronic model that visually synthesizes the welding situation on the screen.
Furthermore, the welding situation simulation device is connected to the control/monitoring device via the model.

Preferably, the electronic model for visibly synthesizing the welding situation on the display screen comprises a weld tank imaging device whose output is connected to an input of the training control and monitoring device, and a grooving imaging device. , equipped with a welding process spark image forming device,
The input of the spark imaging device is connected to the output of the weld bath imaging device and the output of the welding process thermal balance electronics, and the output of the spark imaging device is connected to the input and display of the welding electrode simulator. further comprising a weld joint imaging device, the input of which is connected to the output of the weld vat imaging device, while the output of the forming device is connected to the input of the welding process spark imaging device. ing.

Further preferably, the electronic model comprises a welding situation simulation process timer, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the welding tank and the welding joint and welding process spark method imaging device. In addition, a welding tank image operating path display device connected to the welding situation simulation process timer; a welding tank image on a display screen connected to the training control/monitoring device, the timing device, and the welding tank/welding joint image forming device; The deviation of the welding electrode simulator from the center of the erroneous signal separation circuit;
a circuit for determining the position of the welding electrode with respect to a display screen connected to an input of the false signal isolation circuit; and a circuit for determining a signal matching the welding speed, the input of which circuit is connected to the output of the false signal isolation circuit. while its output is connected to a welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model.

The weld tank imager includes a weld tank imager, a weld tank center imager, a raster horizontal sampling counter, and a raster vertical sampling counter, the output of which is connected to the input of the weld tank imager. There are two more AN
D elements, each output being connected to the input of each counter, and further comprising two triggers for actuating the raster of the welding tank image, the input of each trigger being connected to the input of each counter. , while the output of each trigger is each A
Connected to one input of the ND element, and the other input of each AND element and each trigger constitutes the input of the entire weld tank imager, while the output of said imager and a portion of the output of each counter constitutes the output of the entire device.

The grooving image forming device preferably includes: a grooving image forming tool; a horizontal raster sampling counter for the grooving image;
a grooving image raster vertical sampling counter whose output is connected to the input of the grooving imager, two AND elements whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the respective counters, and a grooving image raster for operating the grooving image raster; two triggers, the input of each trigger is connected to the input of a respective counter, while the output of each trigger is connected to the input of a respective AND element, each AND element and the other of each trigger The input is that of the overall welding tank imaging head, while the output of the former and a portion of the output of each counter form the output of the overall system.

The welding process spark image forming device preferably includes a spark path forming device, a spark position counter having an output connected to an input of the spark path forming device, and an output connected to an input of the spark path forming device. A pseudo-random pulse train generator is provided, the output of said forming device forming the output of the overall device, while the weld joint imaging device preferably includes a memory device, the inputs of which include an address register and a control circuit. The welding process condition simulator preferably includes a main pulse generator, a horizontal raster sampling counter, and a vertical raster sampling counter.

Furthermore, the welding process situation simulation timer includes:
a micro-raster horizontal position counter and a micro-raster vertical position counter, each output digitally connected to a first input of each comparator circuit, and a second input of each comparator circuit connected to a horizontal and vertical raster sampling counter. is digitally connected to each output of the respective AND element, while the output of each comparator circuit is digitally connected to the input of the respective AND element, the output of which is the data output of the overall timer, and , control micro-raster motion,
and a switching circuit having an operating mode selector switch, the switches having output connections in pairs to respective inputs of the micro-raster horizontal position counter and the micro-raster vertical counter.

Furthermore, preferably, the welding tank image motion forming device comprises a pulse generator that generates pulses corresponding to the movement speed of the welding tank image along the horizontal axis, the output of which is connected to the first pair through the operation switch. connected to the switching circuit, and further comprising a pulse generator matching the speed of movement of the welding vessel image along the vertical axis, the output of which is connected to the switching circuit of the second pair through the same operating switch. Furthermore, it is equipped with a pulse generator corresponding to the movement stage of the welding bath image, the output of which is connected to the input of the trigger and the input of the inverter through the operation switch, and the direct output of the trigger is connected to the input of the first AND element. 1st
Connect to the input, while the reverse output of the trigger is connected to the second AND\j
: Connected to the first input of the element, and the second input of the AND element connected to the pulse generator corresponding to the number of stages through the operation switch.

Furthermore, a pulse generator that generates pulses corresponding to the number of stages, an inverter, and an output of an AND element are connected, and N
a welding tank image path switch connected to a control input of a second pair of switching circuits via an OT element, said switch being connected to a control input of a first pair of switching circuits via the direction of movement of the welding tank image; are doing.

Furthermore, the position determination circuit of the welding electrode simulator for the screen of one display has a sensitive element, the output of which is connected via an amplifier to a comparator, and - the cam signal separation circuit is configured to determine the position of the welding electrode simulator along the horizontal and vertical axes. data processing channels, each of which includes the following components in conjunction with each other: a digital delay line, a preprocessing circuit, a circuit for determining error values and controlling bath motion, and a digital to analog It stands to reason that a converter is provided, the output of which along with the output of the error value determination circuit constitutes the data input of the error signal separation circuit.

Additionally, there is a signal determining circuit that matches the welding speed.

comprising two logarithmic amplifiers, each of which is connected to the input of the adder through a concatenated amplifier and a logarithmic amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the third logarithmic amplifier and the amplifier; That is an advantage.

In this case, the most reasonable point is that the electronic model that visually synthesizes the welding situation is equipped with a video mixer, the output of which is connected to the display, while the inputs are the welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model and the weld tank image. a generator; an edge-forming image generator;
Welding spark image forming device, welding joint image generating device, 7
1j It is connected to a simulation process timer.

Furthermore, it is a practical point that the input of the video mixer is connected to a brightness control circuit for the weld bath image which depends on the thermal conditions of the welding process.

Furthermore, in this training device, the training control and monitoring device most preferably includes an arc gap length channel, a welding electrode simulator, a tilt angle channel, a working time measurement channel, a welding cycle time measurement channel, and an alarm signal/monitoring device. It includes an acoustic background oscillator, an electrode melting simulation drive control channel and a pulse generator. Further, according to the present invention, the training control/monitoring device includes a welding tank thermal condition determination channel, a lowering time determination channel, a welding electrode simulator holding time determination channel, and an error signal formation channel by tracking the welding tank image. You can prepare.

Finally, the above-mentioned false signal formation channel by tracking the weld tank image includes a false signal separation circuit by tracking having a LAND element, and the output of the first AND element is connected to the first input of the pulse counter. , its direct and inverse outputs are
It is connected to the input of the second AND element, and its output is N
One input of the third AND element is connected to the output of the entire circuit via the OT element, while the output of the third AND element is connected to the second input of the pulse counter, and the input of the third AND element is connected to the input of the third AND element. The second input is connected to the output of the weld tank image generator, an error signal isolation circuit for turning off the welding electrode simulator, and a welding situation simulation process timer, respectively.

Further, the processing circuit includes two triggers.

Its input is that of the overall circuit, while its output is
The circuit, which is connected in pairs to the third trigger and the input of the comparison circuit, and which determines the error value and controls the movement of the welding tank image, is equipped with a two-way counter, the output of which is an OR element, and the input of which is an OR element. The outputs of the two AND elements are connected to the inputs of the two-way counter, while the outputs of the two AND elements are connected digitally to the inputs of the four AND elements. The output of is the output of the whole circuit,
The inputs of all AND elements are connected to the output of the NOT element and the output of the welding situation simulation process timer.

Thus, the welder training device recited in the claims dramatically improves and improves the welding skills of trainees.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments based on the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The claimed welder training device is designed for initial training and proficiency testing of welders. Using this training device, welders can save welding materials, electrodes, and power used in the training process as well as the actual welding process. Furthermore, the trainer can reduce the amount of trauma encountered by novice welders, shorten the training period, and improve training efficiency.

The training device for welders according to the present invention includes a welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model 1, a welding electrode simulator 2, a welder's helmet 3, a welding situation simulation device for a television-type display section 4, and a welding situation simulation device for the television-type display section 4. It is equipped with an electronic model 5 that visually synthesizes the welding situation on the screen. Thermal equilibrium electronic model 1 is input to inputs 6 and 7 of this display section 4.
and the output of the welding electrode simulator 2 are connected, while the output of the electronic model 5 is connected to the display section 4 and the input of the simulator 2.

The training device also comprises a training control and monitoring device 10, the inputs 11, 12 and 13 of which are respectively connected to the child model 1, the simulator 2 and the electronic model 5; The output is thermal equilibrium electron model 1
．． It is connected to inputs 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the welding electrode simulator 2, electronic model 5, and helmets 1 to 3, respectively.

According to this invention, the electronic model 5 for visually synthesizing the welding situation is the welding tank image forming device 18 (see FIG. 2).
and is connected to the input 16 of the control device 10. Further, this electronic model is connected to a grooving image forming device 19 integrally formed with the image forming device 18, an output of the image forming device 18 via an input 21, and an input 6 to the electronic model 1.
A spark image forming device 20 for the welding process is connected to the spark image forming device 20 through a welding process, and the output of the spark image forming device 20 is connected to the input of the display section 4 and the input 9 of the welding electrode simulator 2.

The electronic model 5 is also connected via an input 23 to the output of the weld tank imager 18 and the spark imager 2
a welding joint imaging device 22 connected via an output to an input 24 of said device 18, an input 27 of said device 20, and a welding situation connected via an output to an input 28 of said device 22; A simulation process timer 25 is provided. On the other hand, the input of said device 25 is connected to the output of a device 30 for forming the movement path of the weld tank image.

Thermal equilibrium electronic model 1 calculates the heat conduction equation by the induced differential equation corresponding to the thermal equilibrium supplied to the quantity in question from the conducted heat due to the welding heat source and the type of heat transfer (heat transfer, convection, direct heating, etc.) used to solve.

v −+ D−h + (RV −kU■η)−6= 0
(1) t U=a+bl (2) I=v
(u) (3) In the above equation, h is the welding zone enthalpy ■ is the welding speed U is the electric arc voltage I is the electric arc current ■ is the arc gap length abDRK η is the welding type and operating conditions, and the electrode and welding A constant that depends on the size and thermal performance of the components involved.

6 is an alarm signal indicating the interruption of the normal operating conditions of welding 6 = O1M if the operating conditions are not interrupted 6 = 1 if the welding is carried out under normal conditions according to equations (1), (2), (3) The thermal equilibrium model is
Based on conventionally known circuits.

One embodiment of the thermal equilibrium model 1 is shown in FIG.

The model 1 includes an electronic switch 31 and an integrator 32 having a feedback circuit. The input of the integrator 32 is connected to the output of the electronic switch 31. On the other hand, the output of the integrator 32 is the data output of the model 1, which includes an adder 34,
Its output is connected to the input 35 of the electronic switch 31, while the input 36 of the adder 34 is connected to the multiplier 37, whose inputs 38 and 39 are connected to the function generator 4o for measuring the electric arc gap and the arc current Function generator 45 for measuring
are connected to each. The output of generator 40 is connected to the input 42 of generator 41. The input of potentiometer 45 or model 1 is connected to input 43 of summer 34. Another input 47 of model 1 is the data input of function generator 40 for measuring the electric arc gap.

Electronic switch 31 is used to turn off signals simulating welding speed and arc current.

This meets the last two conditions of equation (1) when the alarm signal occurs.

The function generator 40 for measuring the electric arc gap length includes:
It is used for signal generation of the arc pressure based on equation (2).

Potentiometer 45 is used to set the voltage to match the correct welding speed in the programmed training mode (Tracking).

Switch 44 is used to switch the welding speed input signal based on two operating conditions of welder training: program (tracking) 4 and self-learning (welding).

Simulator 2 is designed for simulating hand tools used in actual welding.

A simulator is provided for welding with a rod-shaped electrode (see FIG. 4) and a simulator for welding with an electrode wire in a protective gas medium (see FIG. 5).

The simulator shown in FIG. 4.5 includes an electrode simulator holder 48, an electrode simulator 49, an electrode melting simulation drive unit 50, and a gravity type inclination angle sensor 51.

The electrode simulator 49 is hollow, and at its end there is provided an arc gap length sensor 49 disposed around a conventionally known circuit.
It has one emitter 52 and one sensing element 53. This sensing element 53 is a receiving element of an arc gap length sensor;
It is used for receiving optical radiation reflected from the display 4 (FIG. 1).

The helmet 3 may be of conventionally known design and of standard size and profile, and the welder's helmet is equipped with volume-controlled headphones.

These parts are not shown.6 The device 25 shown in FIG. Used for generation of separate television rasters to trigger the raster and its movement.

The device 25 shown in FIG. 6 includes the following components connected in series. A main pulse oscillator 54, a raster horizontal sampling counter 55, and a raster horizontal sampling counter 56°.

This outfit V! 125 includes a micro-raster horizontal position counter 57 and a micro-raster vertical position counter 58. The outputs of counters 57 and 58 are connected to inputs 59 and 60 of comparison circuits 61 and 62.

Inputs 63 and 64 of comparison circuits 61 and 62 are connected to counter 55.
and 56 to their respective outputs, while their outputs are connected to the AND
Connected to inputs 65 and 66 of elements 67 and 68, respectively. The outputs of A N D elements 67 and 68 are
, which also comprises a switch device 69 for controlling the micro-raster operation having an operating mode selector switch 7o whose output connects to the input cuff 1 of the switch device 69.

The two outputs of the switch device @69 are connected to the input cuff 3 of the counter 58. The input of switch 69 is input 29 (FIG. 2) of overall device 25.

The main pulse oscillator 54 is used for generating a continuous pulse train with a repetition frequency of 8 MHz.

and is arranged around the well-known circuit of a crystal controlled square wave generator.

The raster horizontal sampling counter 55 is used for line sampling of the television raster and for generating pulse signal trains required for operation of other devices of the training apparatus. The raster horizontal sampling counter 55 is, for example, 9 digits 2
Based on a decimal counter.

The raster horizontal sampling counter 56 is used for frame sampling of the television raster and for generating pulse signal trains of different frequencies required for the operation of other devices of the training system. Counter 56 is arranged around a nine-digit binary counter based on well-known circuitry. The higher order output of the raster horizontal sampling counter 55 is connected to the lower order clock input of the raster vertical sampling counter 56. counters 55 and 56.

For example, it forms a 19-digit raster sampling counter, and each state corresponds to the exact length of a television raster with a connection period of 125 ns.

The micro-raster horizontal position counter 57 is designed to determine the numbers that determine the position of the micro-raster on the television screen and consists of an eight-digit two-way counter arranged around known circuitry.

The micro-raster vertical position counter 58 is used to record the numbers that determine the position of the micro-raster on the television screen, and is arranged around a known circuit, for example an 8-digit two-way counter.

Comparison circuits 61 and 62 are intended for the comparison of the numerical values stored in the counters 57 and 58 and for indicating the horizontal and vertical position with current address of the television running beam, as is known in the art. It is placed on top of the circuit.

Elements 67 and 68 are for generating signals for triggering the microrasters along the horizontal and vertical axes as soon as the signs at the inputs of comparator circuits 61 and 62 match.

Switch device 6 for controlling the operation of the microraster
9, two operation modes, “welding” and “tracking”
This is for switching the control signals of the horizontal and vertical position counters of the micro-raster.

The welding tank image forming device 18 and the grooving image forming device 19 are
for forming a micro-raster in the display, for example for the formation of four concentric images simulating a welding bath in the center of the micro-raster, and also for the formation of a groove in the simulated component to be welded. It has a size of 256 x 256 points for forming the cut image and for forming the signal representing the center of the simulated bath image. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the grooving image forming device 19 and the welding tank image forming device 18. On the other hand, FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram showing the structure of the solution tank image on the screen of the display section 4. As shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the weld tank image forming device 18.

Since the block diagram of the device 19 is also the same, its description will be omitted in this specification.

According to the invention, the device 18 comprises sampling counters 74 and 75 (74' and 75') of the welding tank image raster, which correspond to the input cuffs 6 and 77 and the two of the welding image forming device 78 (78'). AND elements 79 and 80 (79
' and 80'), and the respective outputs of said AND elements are connected to inputs 81 and 82 of counters 74 and 75 (74' and 75') as well as two triggers 83 and 83 for starting the weld tank image raster. 84 (83' and 8
4').

Inputs 85 and 86 of triggers 83 , 84 are connected to the outputs of counters 74 and 75 , while the other inputs are data inputs 26 of overall device 18 .

The outputs of the triggers 83 and 84 are the outputs 89 and 90 of the device 18.
A where data inputs 26 and 91 (Figure 2) are
Connected to inputs 87 and 88 of ND elements 79 and 80.

A portion of the output of counters 74,75 (FIG. 7) is
0 input 21 (FIG. 2). That is, the welding image forming device 78 (78') (
(see FIG. 7) are inputs 16 and 2 of devices 10 and 20.
0 (FIG. 2) is the output of the overall device 18 (19).

Figure 8 shows concentric circles 93.94 simulating a welding tank.
．． 95.96 is formed on the screen of the display unit 4 (FIG. 2). Concentric circles 93
~96 is approximated by a stepped line, the accuracy of which is determined by the frequency of sampling along the horizontal and vertical axes. − Counter 7 for horizontal and vertical sampling of microraster
4 (74') and 75 (75') are created as 8-digit binary counters, each with 256
(number of micro-raster points in the horizontal and vertical directions) and is based on known circuitry.

Triggers 83, 84 (83', 84'') are for starting horizontal and vertical rasters and can be arranged around known circuits.

'AND element 79.80 (79'', 80') indicates pulse counter 74.80 during operation of raster start trigger 83.84.
75 for applying pulses with a frequency of 15.625 KHz of 8 MHz to the supplementary input.

The welding tank (grooving) imaging device 78 (78') and the welding tank center imaging device are used to form four concentric images simulating a welding tank (or to form a grooving image) and to simulate This is a combinational circuit designed to generate signals for designing a welding tank center.

The spark image forming bag [20] of the welding process is designed for the formation of the occasional spark image from the center of the simulated welding bath, as well as for the formation of the composite video signal and pulse of the arc gap length sensor. FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a device 7 for forming a spark image on a display screen.

The forming device 20 includes a spark path forming tool 97, a spark position counter 98 whose input is partially connected to the input of the overall device 20, an output connected to the input, and a pseudo random number pulse train generator 100, The output of the counter 98 is connected to the input 101 of the generator, while the output is connected to the input 102 of the spark path former 97.

The counter 98 consists of a 4-digit binary counter with a scale of "16" and is used to individually ignite sparks on the screen of the display 4 (FIG. 1) in the course of movement along the corresponding path. Designed. Spark position counter 98 (FIG. 9) can be arranged around known circuitry.

The pseudorandom pulse train generator 100 is designed for selecting a single path among multiple paths 12 of flying sparks;
and arranged around the known circuit of the same generator. The clock input of the pseudorandom pulse train generator 100 is connected to the high order digit output of the spark position counter 98, while the output of the generator 100 is connected to the spark path former 97.

The spark path former 97 is designed to create a possible path for the flying sparks in the micro-raster and utilizes known methods of dynamic image generation.
Disposed around the OT, OR elements and matching circuits.

Microraster horizontal and vertical sampling counter 7
4 and 75 (FIG. 8) are connected to first inputs of elements 79 and 80, the second inputs of which are connected to spark position counter 98.

FIG. 10 shows a micro-raster 103 illustrating all twelve possible paths of spark movement. The hatch line in the top left-hand square of micro-raster 103 shows the movement of the band of sparks, while pointer 106 shows the direction of its movement. It is clear that the intersection of these two bands is the movable element 107 that moves along the diagonal. The movable element 107 obtained at the intersection of the movable and stationary bands (hatched squares in FIG. 10) is movable along horizontal and vertical paths. All elements 107 shown in FIG.
This corresponds to the same state of spark position counter 98.

The device 20 shown in FIG. 9 is a video mixer designed for the generation of a composite video signal and made in the form of a summation amplifier and circuit for controlling the brightness of the welding bath depending on the thermal conditions of the welding process, for example. 108. This circuit comprises an electronic switch 109 and an amplifier 110 with a gain control circuit for controlling the amplification of the brightness signal of the welding bath image which is proportional to the voltage corresponding to the welding bath temperature.

The electronic switch 109 is the "welding" part of the training device.

It is designed and arranged in a known circuit to control the voltage corresponding to the welding bath temperature in the "tracking" mode of operation.

Video mixer 108 is connected to movable element 107 via switch 111. Another switch 112 is arranged at the control input of switch 109, while switch 113 is
Disposed at the data input of amplifier 110. Switches 111 to 113 are used for training operation modes "Welding +l, I"
This is for switching "Ih racking".

In addition, FIG. 9 shows a counter 114 and an AND element 115.
and at least a series of connected light emitting elements 52 (FIG. 4).
1 shows a control circuit for controlling heat dissipation of an arc gap length sensor comprising: The signal from the timer 25 (FIG. 2) is
It is communicated to input 116 of element 115 (FIG. 9) and counter 108.

Counter 114 is designed for division of line pulses by three and is made as a frequency divider.

AND element 115 has a frequency of 15.625:3 K H
z is designed to pass through the light emitting element 52 of the arc gap length sensor during the passage of the frame timed pulse.

The weld joint imaging device 22 stores the path of movement of the simulator 49 (FIG. 4) end during operation of the training device.
It is also designed to display the passage on the screen of the display section 4 (FIG. 2) for analyzing the quality of the welding process.

The forming device 22 includes a memory device 117 (FIG. 11), whose input 118 is connected to an address register 120 and a memory recovery circuit 121 via a switch 119.

Switch device 119 has a control circuit 122 . The device 22 also has an input data register 123 and an output data register 124 connected to input 125 and output 126 data switching devices, respectively. The input switching device 125 has a control circuit 127. The input 28 of the device 22 is used for playback and recording of information in the storage device 127 with a further switch 128 for erasing the memory of the device 117.

The input data switching device 120 is designed to switch the next input signal. That is, the signal of the minimum inner circle 93 (FIG. 8) of the simulated welding tank, the signal of the center point 129 of the welding tank (the center of the welding tank), and the electrode simulator 49
(Fig. 4).

The output data switching device 126 is designed to switch the output signal of the weld bond imaging device 22 during "record", "playback" modes of operation, and is arranged around a known circuit. .

Circuit 127 for controlling input data switching device 125
is a dual selector switch for changing over the operating conditions of the training device.

The data register 123 and the output data register 124 are
It is for temporary storage of recorded and read data.

Address register 120 is designed for storage of the address of a storage cell into which data has been recorded or from which data must be read.

The memory recovery circuit 121 is a line timing pulse
117 storage cells.

Address switching device 119 connects device 1 to either the input of address register 120 or the output of memory recovery circuit 121.
Designed for connection of 17 address inputs.

The circuit 122 is designed to control the address switching device 119 and consists of a trigger.

Device 117 is a dynamic working memory based on four ICs, for example 4 x 16,000 bits.

FIG. 12 shows a device 3 for forming a movement path for a seven-capacity tank image.
0, and this welding tank image is shown in Fig. 13a "straight line".
136 "Saw shape"131; FIG. 13C "Detour"132; FIG. 13D "Trapezoid" corresponding to various types of welder's handwriting. (Fig. 2).

Device 3o forming a path for movement of the welding tank image (Fig. 12)
is used to control the speed of the welding tank in the horizontal and vertical directions, control the width and step of the movement of the welding tank, change the direction of movement, and start and stop the welding tank.

The device 30 comprises: a pulse generator 134 that generates pulses that correspond to the speed of movement of the welding tank image in the horizontal direction;
Its output is connected to switching circuits 136 and 137 via operation switches 135° and 135□. In addition, the above device is
A pulse generator 138 is provided which generates pulses that correspond to the speed of operation of the welding tank in the vertical direction, the output of which is connected via operating switches 1353 and 1354 to switching circuits 139 and 140.

The device 3o also has a pulse generator 141 which generates pulses corresponding to the numerical values of the stages of operation of the welding tank image, the output of which is connected to the operating switch 135. Input 1 of trigger 143 via
42 and an input 144 of an inverter 145.

The direct output of trigger 143 is input 1 of AND element 147.
46, while the reverse output of the trigger 143 is connected to A
Connected to input 148 of ND element 149. Inputs 150 and 151 of AND elements 147 and 149 are connected to switch 1
35. It is connected to the generator 141 via.

In addition, the device 30 has switches 152□, 152□, 153 for changing the path of the welding bath image gluing process. Device 30 includes switch 135 . through NOT elements 153 and 154 to the output of generator 141 and to the output of inverter 145, and through NOT elements 153 and 154 to AND element 147.
and 149 are also connected to control inputs 155 and 156 of switching circuits 139, 140. Also, switch 15
7, the device 3o is connected to control inputs 158 and 159 of the switching circuits 136 and 137.

The controlled generators 134, 138 and 141.

Its frequency is controlled by a square wave oscillator.

It is controlled by potentiometers 160, 161 and 162.

Switching circuits 136, 137, 139 and 140 are for switching the output signals from controlled oscillators 134 and 138.

The trigger 143 is connected to the output of the controlled generator 141.
The two are provided for dividing the frequency of the signal.

A number of circuits shown in FIG. 14 are used to generate the control signals necessary to move the weld bath image on the screen of the display 4 in accordance with the movement of the ends of the simulator 2.

The circuit for measuring arc gap length 163 includes amplifier 1
A sensing element 53 for sensing the arc gap length is connected to the input cuff of 64, while the output of amplifier 164 is connected to the input cuff of 1
65, whose second input is connected to the input of NOT element 16
It is connected to the output of 6. The input of the NOT element 166 is
This is the input 167 of the overall circuit 163. , AND element 16
The output of 5 is connected to the input of the detector 168, while the output of the detector 168 is connected to the input 47 of the mature Flj7 m child model 1 (Fig. 2), which serves as the output of the circuit 163 (Fig. 14). do.

The welding electrode simulator 2 is displayed on the screen of the display unit 4.
The circuit 169 for determining the position (FIG. 2) comprises a sensitive element 170 (FIG. 14) whose output is connected to an amplifier 17.
1 to the comparator 172. The output of comparator 172 is connected to one input of AND element 173, the other input of which is input 167. NO
T element 174 is connected to the output of AND element 173.

Amplifiers 164 and 171 connect sensing elements 53 and 171 (fourth
and FIG. 14) to amplify the received signal to the required level and can be arranged around the known circuit of a broadband amplifier.

Elements 165, 166, 173 and 174 are sensing elements 5
3 (FIG. 4) and for the time-selective passage of the signals received by the sensitive element 70 (FIG. 14) and for transmitting these signals to the input of a corresponding device for signal processing.

The ratio Di D 172 is arranged for separation of the useful input signal from the sensitive element 170 of the entire spectrum of the input signal.

A detector 168 is provided to detect the frequency 9 of 15°625:3 reflected from the screen of the display 4 and received by the sensitive element 53 of the circuit for measuring the arc gap length 163. ing. detector 168
The time constant of the output circuit is .

3/15,625 m5 and lower than the welder's manual time constant.

Circuit 17 for separating erroneous signals indicating deviation of weld tank image
5 comprises the same channels for processing data along the horizontal and vertical axes. Each channel comprises connected components such as a first order. digital delay line 176
(177), a pre-processing circuit 178 (179), a circuit 180 (181) for determining error values and controlling the operation of the weld bath image, and a digital-to-analog converter 182 (183).

AND element 184 (185) and NOT element 186 (
187) is connected to one of the inputs of one circuit 180 (181).

The input of the AND element 184 (185) is the overall circuit 17
5 and the inputs of circuit 180 (181), and the inputs of circuit 178 (179) are inputs 189, 190 and 191 of circuit 175.

The output of circuit 175 is input 1 of weld joint imaging device 22.
92 (FIG. 2) and input 193 of the training control/monitoring device 10
The circuits 180 (181) (FIG. 14) are connected to the inputs 194 (FIG. 2) and 195 of the timer 25.
, 196.

The input 167 connected to the output of the timer 25 is connected to the circuit 17
8.179.180.181, while the outputs of circuits 178, 179 are connected to AND elements 184, 18
Connected to input 5.

Delay lines 176 and 177 account for the delays caused by dynamic excitation of the luminescent composition of the display screen and by delays in signal transmission within the connection, amplification and shaping circuits (170, 171, 172, 173, 174). It is for compensation.

Signal pre-processing circuits 178 and 179 are arranged to determine the time error between the signal reception on the position of the simulator 2 end of the welding electrode and the signal at the welding tank image center along the horizontal and vertical axes. ing.

Digital-to-analog converters 182 and 183 are for converting the outputs of circuits 180 and 181 into analog signals of the end velocity of welding electrode simulator 2 (FIG. 2) along the horizontal and vertical axes.

The signal determination circuit 198, which corresponds to the welding speed (FIG. 14), includes a connected logarithmic amplifier 199 (200), an amplifier 20
1 (202) and a reflection number amplifier 203 (204), and the outputs of the amplifiers 201 and 203 are connected to the input of an adder 205. The output of the adder 205 is connected to the connected logarithmic amplifiers 206, 207 and the output is the electronic model 1 (second
It is connected to a reflection number amplifier 208 connected to the input of FIG.

The input of circuit 198 (FIG. 14) is connected to the output of digital-to-analog converter 182.183.

The training control/monitoring device 10 is formed according to the block diagram shown in FIG. It consists of a pulse generator 209 and a
It includes an ND element 210, an audio frequency oscillator 211 for alarm/noise background signals, and an electrode melting simulation drive control channel 212.

The arc gap length measurement channel includes an erroneous signal generation circuit based on the arc gap length, an adjustable pulse generator 214, a circuit with a switching circuit 215, a counter 216, and a decoder 2.
17 and an integrator 218, which are connected to each other. The input of circuit 213 is input 219 of overall bag 910.

The inclination angle measurement channel of the welding electrode simulator is
The welding electrode simulator is equipped with an error signal generation circuit 220 based on the inclination angle, an adjustable generator 221, a circuit having a switching circuit 222, a counter 223, a decoder 224, and a display 225, which are connected to each other. There is.

The weld bath thermal condition control channel includes a false signal generating circuit 226 responsive to bath thermal conditions, an adjustable derivative, a circuit with a switching device 228, a counter 229, and a decoder 23.
0 and a display 231, which are connected to each other.

The erroneous signal generation circuit based on welding tank image tracking has a welding tank image tracking and erroneous signal generation circuit 232, and the input of this circuit is the input 233 of the device 10.

Furthermore, an adjustable generator 234 , a circuit with a switching circuit 235 , a counter 236 , a decoder 237 and a display 23
8, which are connected.

The working time determining channel includes a switching circuit 244, a counter 245, a decoder 246, and a display 247, which are connected together. And this channel is AN
It is connected to the output of D element 210.

The welding time determination channel has a counter 248, a decoder 249, and a display 250.

The holding time measurement channel of the welding electrode simulator includes a holding time comparator 251, a circuit having a switching circuit 252,
It includes a counter 253, a decoder 254, and a display 255, which are connected to each other.

The pulse generator 209 connects the input of the switching circuit 240, 244, 252 and the counter 248 via the operation switch 256.
is connected to the input of Generator 277.214.234
．． 221 are switches 256□, 2561.2564.
256s, switching circuit 228.215.235.2
22 respective data inputs. Generator 22
The frequency of 7,214.234,221 is potentiometer 257
It changes by ゜258.259.260.

The outputs of circuits 226, 213, 232, 220 are AND
It is connected to the input of element 210 and an audio frequency oscillator 211, while the output of oscillator 211 is connected to the input of helmet 3 (FIG. 2).

The output of the arc interrupt comparator 239 (FIG. 15) is connected to the input of the electrode melt simulation drive control channel 212, the second input of which is input 1 of the device 10.
Connected to 1.

Counter 229.216.236, 223°241.2
45, 248, and 253 are for calculating the number of errors and time, and are arranged around a known counter circuit.

The audio frequency oscillator that generates the alarm signal and noise is
It includes a sinusoidal audio frequency oscillator tuned to different audio frequencies.

Electrode melting simulation drive unit control channel 21
2 is an amplifier loaded by the winding of the drive motor. The false signal generating circuits 226, 213, 220 are formed in the form of comparators.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the tracking error signal generation circuit 232 including an AND element 261.
The output of the ND element is the first input 26 of the pulse counter 263.
Connected to 2. The direct and inverse outputs of the counter 263 are connected to inputs 264 and 265 of an AND element 266, and the output of the AND element 266 is connected to an AND element 268 connected to the output of the overall circuit 232 via an AND element 267.
is connected to the input of

The output of AND element 268 is connected to the input of counter 263. The input of AND element 261 is combined with the input of circuit 232 via switches 270, 271, 272, 273 that control the tracking sensitivity.

The signal preprocessing circuit 178 (179) (FIG. 17) has two
D-trigger 274 and 275, R-S)-trigger 27
6 and a comparison circuit 277. Input 278 of circuit 178
is the data input of trigger 274, input 190 of circuit 178 is the data input of trigger 275, while its input 279 is paired with the input of trigger 276 and comparator circuit 277. The output of comparison circuit 277 is connected to input 180 of AND element 184. The output of the trigger 276 is connected to the inputs 281 and 282 of the circuit 180.
It is connected to the.

, a circuit 180 for determining error values and controlling the weld tank image motion.
(181) (FIG. 18) includes, for example, a two-way counter 283 with a scale element 256 and four AND elements 287.
, an OR element 288 , and a NOT element 289 . O
The input of R element 288 is digitally connected to the output of counter 283, and the input of counter 283 is connected to element 2
86 , while the addition input of counter 283 is connected to the output of element 287 . Output 290 of circuit 180 is the input of element 286 whose second input is input 189 of circuit 180. The first and second inputs of elements 284 and 285 are inputs 291, 192 of one circuit 180, while the third input of elements 284 and 285 is
9 to the output of element 288 , whose output is connected to the first input of element 287 through element 289 , whose second and third inputs are connected to input 291 of circuit 180 .
．． It is 191. The fourth input of element 284 is input 281
where the fourth input of element 285 is input 282 of circuit 180. The output of elements 284 and 285 is the data output of circuit 180. The setting input of the counter 283 is the circuit 18
This is an input 291 of 0.

The training device of this invention operates as follows. First, let us explain the operation of the individual devices of the training device.

The welding situation simulation process timer 25 is operated as follows.

The main functions of the timer 25 are to generate a clock pulse that synchronizes the operation of all devices in the training device, to provide a separate television raster, to operate the microphone colaster and to display it on the screen of the television display. The goal is to make it move.

Applied to the first input of comparator circuits 61 and 62 (FIG. 6) is the current address of the television scanning drive beam;
On the other hand, a second input of the same circuit is fed with the contents of counters 57 and 58 for determining the horizontal and vertical position of the microphone colaster. When all digits of the code have been compared at all inputs of the comparator circuit, AND elements 67 and 68 are operated to create a microphone cluster along the horizontal and vertical axes at input 26 of timer 25! Send a command to change the settings.

The position of the microphone colaster on the television raster is thus determined by the numbers stored in the microphone colaster horizontal and vertical position counters 57 and 58. Therefore, in order to move the microphone coraster on the screen, control pulses must be applied to the subtraction or addition inputs of the horizontal and vertical counters 57, 58 of the microphone coraster. When the operating mode selector switch 70 is in the welding position, the circuit 175 of false signal separation controls the movement of the microphone colaster along the screen depending on the position of the welding electrode simulator 2. In the tracking mode of operation, the microphone colaster is moved by a signal transmitted by the path-forming device. The switching of the control signals from these two directions to the inputs of the horizontal and vertical position counters 57, 58 of the microraster is carried out by a switching device 69 for microraster movement control. The weld tank imaging device 18 is identical to the groove imaging device 19, and the operation of said device 18 will be described below.

Input 3 from the timer to the weld tank image generator 18 (Fig. 7)
The signal transmitted to 6 to initiate the raster along the horizontal axis sets the raster initiation trigger 83, which causes the raster to move along the horizontal axis, to a ``one state''. The high potential of the direct output of trigger 83, which starts the raster along the horizontal axis, makes AND element 79 conductive and an 8-MHz pulse is transmitted through this AND element 79. In the same way, upon receipt of a control signal for starting the raster along the vertical axis, triggers 1 through 84 and AND element 8o cause pulses with the line scanning frequency of the display 4 (FIG. 2) to start the raster vertically. It is applied to the clock input of the sampling counter 75. After each cycle of operation of counters 74 and 75 (FIG. 7) is completed, triggers 83 and 84 are reset to their initial state. This method is repeated within each television frame.

The outputs of the horizontal and vertical raster sampling counters 74, 75 are connected to the inputs of a weld tank imaging device 78, which is a combinational circuit or consists of four concentric circles 93-96 ( FIG. 8) is arranged on a constant storage device for image formation. As shown in FIG. 8, the concentric circles 93-96 on the screen 92 of the display unit 4 are approximately formed by stepped lines, and the accuracy of the approximately concentric circles depends on the frequency of sampling along the horizontal and vertical axes. determined primarily.

In order to improve the quality of simulation of the actual welding process,
The training device includes a welding process spark image forming device 20 (10th
Figure). This device generates images of sparks that occasionally fly from the center of the welding bath.

The radius of the flying sparks is determined by the size of the microraster.

The welding process spark imaging device 20 operates in a first order manner. Since the calculation module of the spark position counter 98 (FIG. 9) is equal to 16, the spark image will be 16 in the course of its movement along the corresponding path on the screen 92 of the display 14.
The lights come on at different times. The selection of one of the twelve possible paths for the spark to travel is performed by a pseudorandom number sequence generator 100.

The spark passage forming tool 97 forms a passage through which sparks within the micro-raster can scatter. High-digit raster horizontal and vertical sampling counters 74 and 75 are connected to a first input of the spark path former 97 and to its second
When the input is connected to the spark position counter 98, it is possible to generate horizontal and vertical bands of signals flowing from the axis of the microraster to its boundaries. Spark (1st
The movable member 107 is movable along horizontal, vertical and diagonal paths.

FIG. 10 shows a micro-raster showing all possible spark paths 104. The hatched line at the top left of the micro-raster indicates the band of movement, while the pointer 106 indicates the direction of its movement.

Switch 111 (Figure 9) controls the image of the spark. That is, the screen 92 of the display section 4 in the welding operation mode
(Fig. 8) Control the above image.

The output signal of the spark passage former 97 (FIG. 9) is sent via a switch 111 to one of the inputs of the video mixer 108, the other inputs being the video signal of the welding tank (circles 93-96), the groove Receive video signals and line frame pulses of cut and weld joint images. The video mixer 108 is
A device that generates a composite video signal that simulates the visible conditions of the actual welding process on a display screen.

From the output of the welding process spark image forming device 20.

A composite video signal is sent to input 8 of display 4.

Amplification $110 controls the amplification of the weld bath brightness video signal which is proportional to the voltage corresponding to the weld bath temperature.

A control voltage is fed from the thermal balance electronic model 1 (FIG. 2) to the input of the device 20 and applied to the input of the amplifier 110 while passing through the electronic switch 109 (FIG. 9) in welding mode. The higher the level of the control voltage, the higher the level of the brightness signal at the output of amplifier 110. This corresponds to the heating of the welding tank and the increase in brightness of the image on the screen 92 of the display section 4 in the actual welding process.

In the "tracking" mode of operation of the training device, the electronic switch 109 does not send a control voltage to the amplifier 110, and the input of the amplifier 110 receives only a signal corresponding to the minimum diameter of the weld bath image 93 with constant amplification at its output. switch 11
Receive from 3. A feature of amplifier 110 is the presence of a resistance matrix at the data input. The quantity of resistors in this matrix is selected such that the brightness of the image of the circles 93-96 (FIG. 9) on the screen 92 of the display 4 decreases with increasing quantity.

The counter 114 and the AND element 115 are the emitter 52
A pulse of frequency F/3 is passed during the frame timed pulse. During the main tracking of the television scan, no pulses are sent to emitter 52. This is simulator 2 (Figure 14)
increases the sensitivity of sensitive element 170 of circuit 169 for determining the position of .

The weld joint image generator 22 is operated in the following manner. device 22 during a single operation of the training device.

Memorize the path of movement of the end of the welding electrode simulator 2;
This passage is then displayed on a screen 92 for analyzing the quantity of the simulated welding process. input 23 of device 22,
192 (FIG. 11) are fed three types of input signals for determining the interior mouth 93 of the simulated welding bath, as well as signals from the center point 129 of the welding bath and a circuit 175 for isolating false signals. It's a signal. Welding joint image generator 22
Depending on the operating conditions selected, one of these signals is stored in the input data register 123 in cooperation with the input data switching device 125 and the control port 127.

In the training device, the TV screen has 256 lines each.
The bit information is sampled in the manner shown in storage 117. The information at the input 23° 192 and at the output 24 of the weld joint image generator 22 is shown continuing after the point and is generated at a frequency of 4 MHz. Recording and playback of information in a storage device is
This is done at least four times. The continuous input information is converted into a four-digit parallel code in the device 22 and then recorded and read in the storage device 117. The four-digit word read from storage 117 is converted at output 24 into a sequence of data representations. These operations are performed using input registers 123. This is done by an output data register 124 and an output data switching device 126 disposed in the device 22.

The recovery of the information stored in the storage device 117 as a dynamic storage device is carried out during the backward rotation of the television raster scan, i.e. in the device 2.
This occurs when there is no information exchange between 2 and other devices of the training device. Memory recovery circuit 121 generates a 7-digit code.

This is fed to the address input of the storage device 117 via the address switching device 119 during the backward rotation of the television raster scan.

Each memory cell of storage device 117 corresponds to a distinct point on the display screen. The address of this cell is formed in the timer 25 simultaneously with the movement of the television scanning electron beam on the screen. The fourteen high digits of said address are applied to the input 28 of the device 22, and more precisely to the address register 120 of the device 22. During one cycle of operation of storage device 117, this address is transmitted through address register 120 to the address input of storage device 117 in two steps (7 digits each step). This address is used for writing information to or reading information from the storage device.

The input data switching device 125 is controlled by control signals A and I from a control circuit that controls the switching device 125. Under the conditions of A=O and B=O, the signal at the center point 129 of the welding bath (FIG. 8) is input to the input data register 123.
(Fig. 11) is sent to the data input. A=O and B=1
Under the condition that this input is fed with the signal of circle 93, while for the conditions AB=lO and AB=11,
This input receives a signal from circuit 175 (FIG. 11).

In the weld joint image generator 22, information is recorded or played back in another frame following the control signal sent to the input 28' of the device 22.

The weld vat image motion path forming device 30 (FIG. 12) shows on the display screen possible movement paths of the weld vat image that correspond to the various types of handwriting of the welder shown in FIG. 13 of this application.

The position of the welding tank image on the display screen is determined by the timer 25.
micro-raster horizontal and vertical position counters 57 and 58
(Fig. 6). By changing the state of these counters 57,58, more precisely by sending pulses to the addition/subtraction inputs, the display 4
The weld tank image can be moved to the surface of the screen 92 (FIG. 8). The velocity of the weld bath image is determined by the frequency of the pulses sent to the inputs of micro-raster horizontal and vertical position counters 57 and 58 (FIG. 6).

Thus, by appropriately combining the supply of control pulses with the inputs of these counters, the fj11i2 bath image on the display screen can be moved as shown in FIG. The rate of movement of the weld vat image along the horizontal axis is determined by the frequency of the generator 134 and the rate of movement along the tenth power vertical axis is determined by the frequency of the generator 138. Frequency control of these frequencies 234 and 138 is performed by frequency controls 160 and 161. potentiometer 16
By varying the frequency of the generator 141 by 2,
The width and steps of the movement of the welding tank image can be controlled.

The operation of the weld tank image motion path forming device 3o will be described below. Note that this passage is a straight line. switch 13
5 is closed and switch 157 is in position 1571;
Meanwhile, switch 152 is in position 1521. In this position, the switch circuit 136 becomes conductive due to the presence of a low potential at the control input. Switching circuit 137,1
39° 140 become non-conductive due to the presence of high potentials at their control inputs. Thus, control pulses are delivered to the input of the working path forming device 30 of the bath image. This allows the solution tank image to move along a straight horizontal line.

Let us now describe the operation of the solution bath image movement path forming device along the sawtooth line of FIG. 136. switch 13
5 and 157 are in the same position, while switch 152 is in position 1522.

Switches 135 and 157 are in the same position, while switch 152 is in position 152□. As mentioned above,
Switch circuit 136 is electrically conductive and input 29□ continuously receives a control signal that causes movement of the bath image along the horizontal axis. The control inputs of switch circuits 139 and 140 are fed with signals from generator 141. Generator 141 alternately makes switch circuits 139, 140 conductive, thereby causing outputs 293 and 29. alternating control signals from the output of pulse generator 138 for moving the bath image along the vertical axis. Operation path forming bag for solution tank image [
30 outputs 29. Control signals at and 294 move this image up and down, thereby producing a sawtooth-shaped movement on the screen 92 of the display 4. For normal operation of the working path forming device 30 of the solution bath image, the generator 141
must be very low due to the frequencies of generators 134 and 138.

``Detour path'' of the movement of the solution tank image on the display screen
Trapezoidal" passages are formed in the same manner (Figures 13C and 14D).

The circuits 163, 169, 175° 198 shown in FIG. 14 operate as follows.

Circuit 163 is used to measure the length of the arc gap current. During the passage of the frame timed pulse, the sensitive element 53 receives an optical signal having a frequency F/3 reflected from the display screen. This signal is amplified by an amplifier and sent through an AND element to the input of detector 168 during the frame timed pulse. The value of the DC voltage at the output of detector 168 determines the length of the arc gap.

As the length of the arc gap decreases, the output voltage of detector 168 increases and decreases.

Circuits 169 and 175 are the primary circuits in the automatic control system for the operation of the bath image on the display screen under training equipment welding operating conditions.

When the sensitive element 170 arranged in the single line separation focusing mechanism of the television screen approaches the plane of the screen 92 of the display unit 4, the sensitive element 170 directs the spot of light from the screen 92 to the visual field of the sensitive element 170. receive an optical signal that corresponds to the time required for the movement of the object. This signal, converted to an electrical signal, is amplified by an amplifier 171 and sent to the input of a comparator 172, which generates a signal useful against the noise background. Positive pulses from the output of comparator 72 are connected to digital delay lines 176 for the horizontal and vertical channels.
．． 177 input, line scan advancing elements 173 and 1
74 as well as to the output 192 of circuit 175 via a horizontal channel delay line 176. The pulses generated by comparator 172 are momentarily delayed from the generation of the electron beam of the CRT display below the optical axis of sensitive element 170. The delay is caused by the dynamic properties of the luminescent composition of the screen 92 and the transmission of the received signal in the connection, amplification and shaping circuitry. Horizontal and vertical channel delay lines 176 and 177 provide a delay of the input signal in time, which delay is approximately equal to the lifetime of a single television line. Thus, the pulses generated at the outputs of the delay lines of the horizontal and vertical channels coincide in time with the passage of the electron beam of the cathode ray tube under the axis of the sensitive element 170 in the first order line. This is not important.

This is because circuit 175 performs separate processing of the signals transmitted through it.

The output signal of the horizontal channel digital delay line 176 is sent to the input of the signal processing circuit 178, more precisely to the data input of the trigger 274 (FIG. 17). The video signal at the center of the solution bath image along the horizontal axis is processed by the signal preprocessing circuit 1.
78 to the data input of trigger 275. circuit 1
78 determines the error time between the moment of signal generation from delay line 176 and the moment of signal generation of the bath image center on the horizontal axis. This erroneous signal occurs at the output 280 of the comparator circuit 277 of the preprocessing circuit 178, the input of which is connected to the outputs of the triggers 274 and 275 of this circuit. trigger 2
The outputs of 74 and 275 are also connected to the input of trigger 276 of preprocessing circuit 178. Output 28 of trigger 276
At 1 and 282 signals are generated that determine false signatures.

Thus.

The difference in time between signal reception from delay line 176 and signal reception at the bath image center along the horizontal axis (this sequence being registered by trigger 276) defines a false signature. Triggers 274 and 275 are reset by the frame timed pulse.

The signal from the output 280 of the preprocessing circuit 178 is:

To the input of the circuit 180 (181) (see FIG. 18) for determining the error value and controlling the movement of the weld bath image along the horizontal axis only in the presence of the control signal from the arc interruption comparator 239, the element 184 and 186. still,
The control signal from the comparator 239 detects whether the arc gap length is within preset limits. An input signal from input 290 is passed to circuit 180 that determines the false signal and, via AND element 286, controls the operation of the weld vat image.
(FIG. 18) from input 189 to counter 2 of circuit 180.
Allows the passage of 4MH2 pulses to the reduced input of 83.

The higher the error between the arrival time of the signal from digital delay line 176 and the arrival time of the bath image center, the more
The amount of pulses with a frequency of MH2 will be largely fed into the reduction input of counter 283. During the frame timed pulse from input 191 of circuit 180, the frame timed pulse is fed through AND element 287 to the summing input of counter 283 and the second input of AND elements 284 and 285. Depending on the false signature, these pulses are ANDed to the output 194 or 195 of the circuit 180 described above at an AND element 284.
and 285. This control pulse is applied to the addition or subtraction input of the micro-raster horizontal position counter 57 of the welding situation simulation process timer 25. When the zero state is reached at all locations of the counter 283,
Elements 288 and 289 generate control signals that inhibit the passage of line timed pulses from the summing input of counter 283 to the outputs 194 or 195 of circuit 180 described above. If counter 283 does not reach zero during the frame timed pulse,
This is done by the trailing edge of the vertical tuning pulse. In the next frame, the method is repeated in the same order.

If there is an error between the moment of signal reception from delay line 176 and the moment of signal reception of the center of the solution bath image, the control signals outputs 194 and 195 are not applied. The inertia of the welding bath can be simulated when the image on one display screen is moved at a limited speed using a vertically tuned pulse with a moderately low frequency as the control pulse. This creates a simulated welding condition that is close to the actual condition of the weld.

A signal pre-processing circuit 179 and a circuit 181 for determining error values and controlling the movement of the weld bath image along the vertical axis include:
Respective circuits 178 and 18 of the horizontal signal processing channels
Identical to 0 and repeated in the same way.

The output pulses from the circuits 180 and 181 are fed to the inputs of digital to analog converters 182 and 183. These converters are connected to input 194-1 of circuit 175.
The numerical value of the pulse sent to 97 is converted into an analog signal of the operating speed of the welding electrode simulator end with respect to the center of the solution tank image. It will be appreciated that a long distance is traversed by the edge of the simulator 2 (, sensing element 170) frame by frame from the bath image center. The high value of the pulse then reaches the outputs 194-197 of the circuit 175 for moving the weld bath image under the center of the sensitive element 170.

That is, the number of pulses at the outputs 194, 197 is a numerical value of the velocity of the first part of the simulator 2 along the horizontal and vertical axes.

Thus, the circuit 175 for the separation of erroneous signals determines the error between the moment of reception of the signals from the delay lines 176 and 177 and the moment of reception of the signal of the center of the welding bath image, and eliminates this error. A signal is generated to control the movement of the welding tank image on the display screen so as to reduce the size of the welding tank image. In other words, the weld tank image moves on the screen with a tendency to be below the center of the sensitive element 170.

The training control/monitoring device 10 is operated as follows.

First, the operation of the circuit 232 that generates an erroneous signal due to tracking will be explained.

In the initial state of the counter 263 (FIG. 16), the binary "1"
0" is recorded. In this case, the code "'11" is AN
Present at the input of D element 266. A logic zero at the output of NOT element 267 is applied to input 267 of counter 263.
The passage of vertical tuning pulses from input 233 of circuit 232 that would generate an erroneous signal by tracking through D-element 268 is inhibited. This state is stable. If during a frame the signal from delay line 176 (FIG. 14) coincides in time with the video signal of the weld vat image, a control pulse is generated in AND circuit 261 (FIG. 16). This control signal sets counter 263 to the "00" state. A logic signal is generated at the output of the AND element, which allows the vertical tuning signal to pass to the input 269 of the counter 263 and turns off the circuit 235 of the control and monitoring device 10.

A pulsed vertical tuning pulse at the end of a given frame sets counter 263 to the "01'" state ("OO" at the input of AND element 266). If, during the next frame time, the signal from digital delay line 176 (FIG. 14) matches the signal of the weld tank image, counter 263 (FIG. 16) is reset to the II OOI+ state and the method is repeated.

This method continues until there are no matches in any frame. In this case, the vertical tuning signal following this frame is II
Counter 26 from OI I+ state to 111011 state
Drive 3. This is the initial state of the circuit 232 that causes the tracking to generate an erroneous signal.

The circuit 232, which is reset to its initial state, is now ready to send regular match signals. If digital delay line 176 (FIG. 14) is connected to AND element 267 (FIG.
If the output of the welding tank image (tracking error) does not match the video signal in time (Fig.).

It does not make the switch circuit 235 of the control and monitoring device 10 conductive. The pulses from the output of the generator 234 (FIG. 15) are then sent to the input of a counter 236 located in the control and monitoring device 10, which calculates the number of tracking misses.

Switches 270-273 (Fig. 16) are used to control the sensitivity of the tracking for experienced welders since the weld bath image is generated by four circles 93-96 (Fig. 8) of different diameters. Ru.

The other devices and elements of control and monitoring system 10 are operated as follows.

Pressing the "5tart" button 256 (FIG. 15) sends a second pulse from the output of pulse generator 209 to weld counter 248, which registers the completion time of the simulated welding process. The same second signal is sent via switch circuit 240 to the time drop counter if the welder does not energize the simulated arc. The moment of arcing is recorded by arc interruption comparator 239, which generates a respective signal that is sent to the control input of switch circuit 240.

If the welder does not maintain the minimum allowable length of the arc gap during arcing, the electrode simulator comparator 25
1 is activated and its output signal also interrupts the passage of the second pulse via the switch circuit 252 to the input of the counter 253. This counter registers the welding time of the welding electrode simulator.

If the process of arc generation is correct and the welder has the basic parameters of the welding process simulated within preset limits in the false signal generation circuit 226, 213, 220, 232.

The signal at the output of AND element 219 is passed through switch circuit 244 to second pulse working time recording counter 246.
to the input. Working time refers to the time during which none of the checked parameters of the simulated welding process overcome preset limits. The alarm/noise background signal audio frequency oscillator 211 generates an audible signal such as normal welding process noise. This is sent to the output of the control and monitoring device 1110. Channel 21 that controls the electrode melting simulation drive unit
2 starts the motor that moves the electrode simulator. (The motor is not shown.) The speed of this operation is shown in the table above!
! ! It is controlled by signals sent to 10 inputs.

If the simulated welding process - or some monitored parameter - is not held within acceptable limits, this is the result of the operation of the circuit generating a false signal due to the corresponding parameter being monitored. The output signals of these circuits enable the transmission of an alarm audible signal from the audio frequency oscillator 211 to the control and monitoring device 100 output 17, and also to the adjustable generators 227, 21 of output pulses.
4.234.221 to switch circuit 228°235.
222, a counter 229. which calculates the number of errors in the thermal state of the welding bath. Allows passage to arc gap length, counter 216, tracking counter 236, and welding electrode tilt angle counter 223.

The frequency of recording misses due to monitored parameters is controlled by electrometers 257-260.

The training device according to the present invention is generally operated as follows.

Based on the welder's preparation and skill, the training device uses two basic modes of operation: They are program mode (tracking) and self-training (welding). The programmed operating mode is preferably carried out during the welder's initial training process. In this mode, the welder's task is to create a solution bath image with continuous motion when providing a simulated surface to be welded along a strictly specified path with simultaneous simulation of electrode breakage. The purpose is to track the edge of the tank image. In case of abnormal welding process.

The welder receives false signals from sensors of the main parameters of the welding process (feedback signals) or from visually observed discrepancies between the seam path made by the welder and the reference seam path.

Monitoring of the results and organization of feedback signals to the welder - or several parameters simultaneously.

As the welder has learned the necessary muscular habits and mastered the correct technique of the welding process, the tolerance limits for deviation of the monitored parameters may be reduced. Or,
When evaluating the skills of an experienced welder performing a particular task, it is also possible to accurately determine the level of ability to master basic welding techniques.

In self-training mode, the welder performs a simulated welding process independently. That is, the bath image tracks the position of the end of the welding electrode simulator with simultaneous simulation of combustion of the electrode and representation of the working path of the end. The welder can hear an audible feedback signal indicating that the preset parameters of the simulated welding process match the latest parameters determined with the aid of the sensor.

Before starting a simulated welding process, in both program mode and self-training mode, the instructor (sometimes the welder himself) sets the training mode using controls and switches and selects from the entire set of monitored parameters. Select the monitored control parameters and set the sensitivities and limits of the monitored parameters of the simulated welding process according to the selected welding mode. The instructor then selects the selected mode of the welding process and the required parameters of the process, namely arc gap length, weld'? Tilt angle of ri pole simulator, tracking (
tracking), providing instructions to the welder about the thermal conditions of the simulated welding process, optical and audible signals regarding normal and abnormal welding, etc. After giving instructions and checking the identification of the information provided, the instructor tests the weld in the training device.

Instruct the welder undergoing training to carry out the test.

To achieve this purpose, the welder puts on a helmet with a built-in helmet and grasps the welding electrode simulator to initiate the simulated welding process either by the instructor's instructions or by the welder himself.

By pressing the "start" button normally located on the holder of the welding electrode simulator, the welder moves the electrode simulator to the screen 92 of the display 4. Depending on the task, the screen can be installed in a vertical or horizontal position. After pressing the button, the primary parameter begins to be counted. Welding time 1 work and "fault" time, control/monitoring! 4 places 1
Number of mistakes due to monitored parameters of simulated welding process at 0. A display screen and an edge-forming image are generated in its generator 19. The welder being trained moves to a point at the end of the electrode simulator to initiate the weld, then screens this point with the electrode simulator, and quickly removes the electrode simulator from the display screen by the required arc gap distance. .

If the contact time is short and the angle at which the contact is made is correct, the optical welding bath will appear on the screen in the welding operation mode (while in the tracking mode a circular image 9
3 occurs). The welding image gradually increases, and its brightness changes following the change of the thermal conditions of the welding tank. The electrode begins to shorten and an image of flying sparks appears around the weld bath image, while a noise corresponding to a normal arc is heard in the headphones.

The welder should perform the simulated welding process by making appropriate movements at the edge of the welding electrode simulator between the surfaces to be welded along the edge or along the joining line. The optical welding bath moves along the groove and leaves an image of the working path on the screen in the form of a simulated weld joint. The image of this welded joint is formed by a welded joint image forming device 22.
occurs within.

This process continues until the trained welder maintains the parameters of the simulated welding process within preset limits. If - or some preset parameters are disturbed, the trained welder performs an abnormal welding process.

In this case, the brightness and size of the optical weld bath will change and the thermal conditions will be disturbed), the weld bath image will disappear when the arc is interrupted, and an audible alarm signal will be heard in the headphones indicating that the welding process is outside the preset limits. Specify specific parameters.

If a short circuit occurs between the end of the welding electrode simulator and the display screen, the time counter 253 of the control and monitoring device 10 is switched on to count the holding time of the welding electrode simulator, while in case of arc interruption;
The electrode combustion simulation stops. All these disturbances of normal welding conditions are recorded within the control and monitoring system 10 and displayed by a display located on the front panel of the training device. The quality of the welding operation is evaluated by these indicators and by the image of the weld joint after the completion of the simulated welding. Once the trained welder has absorbed the basic behavior of the muscular planes involved in welding, the sensitivity of the individual parameters of the simulated welding process increases, and the monitored parameters become more sensitive to the display screen in space. Changes with position.

Using the claimed training device it is additionally possible to carry out an erasing operating mode which significantly increases its functional possibilities.

According to this mode, the required weld joint is formed (by a thin or thick line equal to the diameter of the circle 93) on the display screen by the weld tank image motion path forming device 30 and the weld joint image forming device 22. It means that it will be done.

The weld joint is formed along a very precise path without the participation of the welder. The next task of the trained welder is to repeat the entire path of the weld joint recorded in precise time using the welding electrode simulator. In this case a signal from delay line 176 is sent to the device 3o and erases the originally recorded image. If the welder drives the end of the welding electrode simulator along the same path, he completely erases all information recorded in the device 3o. The welding M image then disappears from the display screen. On the other hand, if the welder admits an error or does not complete the work within the preset time, the image remains on the display screen at the location where the error or inaccuracy was identified.

This can be used to evaluate the skill of welders.

The training device according to the present invention improves training efficiency and functionally expands the technical means for training welders, from the standpoint that the training process is no different from the actual welding process. Furthermore, training time is also reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a training device for welders according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of the same device, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a thermal equilibrium electronic model of the electric arc welding process according to the present invention. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a welding electrode simulator with a rod-shaped electrode, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a welding electrode simulator with an electrode wire in an inert gas medium, and Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a welding electrode simulator with a rod-shaped electrode.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the welding situation simulation process timer device in this explanation, FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the welding tank image and grooving image forming device in this invention, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the welding process spark image forming device in this invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of spark image formation on the display screen in this invention. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the welding joint image forming device according to the invention. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the welding tank image path forming device according to the invention. FIGS. FIG. 14 is a block diagram of measuring the arc gap length to determine the welding electrode simulator position, and is a block diagram of erroneous signal separation. It is also a block diagram. Fig. 15 is a block diagram of the training/monitoring device according to the present invention, Fig. 16 is a block diagram of tracking error signal generation, Fig. 17 is a block diagram of the signal preprocessing circuit, and Fig. 18 is a block diagram of the tracking error signal generation. Also, it is a block diagram of a circuit that controls the operation of the welding tank image. 1... Electric arc welding thermal equilibrium electronic model 2... Welding electrode simulator 3... Welder's helmet 4... Display section 5... Electronic model that visually synthesizes the welding situation 6.7 ... Input of model 5 8.9 ... Input of display section 10 ... Training control/monitoring device 11.12.13 ... Input of device 10 14.15.1
6.17... Input of model 1 18... Welding tank image forming (generating) device 19... Grooving image forming (generating) device 20... Welding process spark image forming (generating) device 21.
...Input 22 of the device 20...Welding process spark image forming (generation) device 23.
... Input 24 of the device 22 ... Input 25 of the device 20 ... Welding situation simulation process timer 26 ... Input 27 of the device 18 ... Input 28, 28' of the device 20 ... Input 28 of the device 22 Input 291.292.292.294...Input 3o of device 25...Welding tank image path forming device 31...Electronic switch 32...Integrator 33...Input 34 of integrator 32...Adder 35... Input of electronic switch 31 36... Input of adder 34 37... Multiplier 38. 39... Input of multiplier 4o... Arc gap length function generator 41... Arc Current function generator 42...Input 43 of function generator 41...Input 44 of adder 34...Switch 45...Potentiometer 46.47...Input 48 of model 1...Electrode simulator 2 holder 49... Electrode simulator 50... Electrode simulator 51... Gravity type tilt angle sensor 52... Emitter 53... Sensing element 54... Main pulse oscillator 55... Raster horizontal Sampling counter 56...
Raster vertical sampling counter 57...Micro raster horizontal position counter 58...Micro raster vertical position counter 59.60...Inputs of comparison circuits 61 and 62 61.62...Comparison circuit 63...Inputs of circuit 61 Input 64... Input 65 of circuit 62, 66... Input 67 of A N D elements 67 and 68
．． 68...AND element 69...Micro raster control switching device 70...Operation mode, selection switch 71...Input f2 of switching device 69...Input f3 of counter 57...Input f3 of counter 58 Input F4...Welding tank image raster horizontal sampling counter 75...Raster vertical sampling counter 76.77
...Input cuff 8 of welding tank image generator 78...Welding tank image generator 79.8O---AND element 81...Input 82 of counter 74...Input 83.84 of counter 75...・Trigger 85 for starting welding tank image raster...
- Input 86 of trigger 83...Input 87 of trigger 84...Input 88 of AND element 79...Input 89 of AND element 80...Input 90 of AND element 79...Input of A N D element 80 Input 91... Input 92 of device 18... Screen 93, 94, 95, 96... of display section 4... Concentric circle 97 for simulating welding tank image... Spark passage forming tool 98... Spark position Counter 99...Input 100 of spark path forming tool...Pseudo random number pulse train generator 101...Input 102 of generator 100...Input 103 of spark path forming tool...Micro raster 104...Spark Passage 105...hatch line 106...pointer 107...AND element 108...video mixer 109...electronic switch 110...amplifier 111.112.113...switch 114...counter 115... ...AND element 116...Input 117 of AND element 115...Storage device 118...Input 119 of storage device 117...Switch device 120...Address register 121...Memory recovery circuit 122... - Control circuit 123... Input data switching board 124... Output data register 125... Input data switching device 126... Output data switching board 127... Control circuit 128... Reset switch 129... Center point of welding tank 130... Straight line 131... Saw 132... Detour 133... Trapezoid 134... Pulse generator 135 135□, 135. ．． 1354.1355・
...Starting switch 136,137...Switch device 139,140...Switch circuit 141...Pulse generator 142...Input 143 of trigger 143...Trigger 145...Inverter 146...AND Input 148 of key M147...Input 149 of AND element 149...AND element 150...Input 151 of AND element 147...Input 152 of AND element 149 152□, 1523...Welding tank image passage Conversion switch 153.154...NOT element 155.156...Switch circuit input 157...
Switch 158...Input 159 of switch circuit 136...Input 160, 161, 162... of switch circuit 137...
Potentiometer 163...Arc gap length determination circuit 164...Amplifier 165...AND element 166--NOT element 167...Input 168 of overall circuit 163...Decoder 169... Simulator position measurement circuit 170...Sensing element 171...Amplifier 172...Comparator 173...AND element 174...NOT element 175...Error signal separation circuit for simulator deviation indication 173.177. ...Digital delay line 178.17
9...Pre-processing circuit 180.181...Circuit for determining error values and controlling the operation of the welding tank image 182.183...Potentiometer 162 184.185...AND element 186.187... NOT elements 188, 189, 190, 191... Input 192 of circuit 175... Input 193 of device 22... Input 194 of device 10 194, 195, 196, 197... Input 198 of timing device 25... - Signal determining circuit 199 that matches the welding speed.
200... Logarithmic amplifier 201. 202... Amplifier 203. 204... Inverse amplifier 205... Adder 206... Logarithmic amplifier 207... Amplifier 208... Inverse amplifier 209... Pulse generator 210...AND element 211...Audio frequency oscillator for alarm signal/noise background signal transmission 212...Control channel for electrode melting simulation drive part 213...Arc gap length error signal generation circuit 214...・
Adjustable pulse generator 215...Switch circuit ゛216...Counter 217...Decoder 218...Display 219...Input 220 of the overall device 10...Error caused by the inclination angle of the electrode simulator 2 Signal generation circuit 221...Adjustable pulse generator 222...Switch circuit 223...Counter 224...Decoder 225...Display unit 226...Error signal generation circuit 227 due to the welding tank thermal status
. . . Adjustable pulse generator 228 . . . Switch circuit 229 . . . Counter 230 . ... Adjustable pulse generator 235 ... Switch circuit 236 ... Counter 237 ... Decoder 238 ... Display 239 ... Arc interrupt comparator 240 ... Switch circuit 241 ... Counter 242 ...Decoder 243...Display 244...Switch circuit 245...Counter 24G...Decoder 247...Display layer 248...Counter 249...Decoder 250...Display Device 251... Electrode holding comparator 252... Switch circuit 253... Counter 254... Decoder 255... Display 256 256□, 256. ．． 256 256s...
Starting switch 257, 258, 259, 260... Potentiometer 262
... Input 263 of pulse counter 263 ... Counter 264.265 ... Input 266 of AND element 266.
...AND element 267...NOT element 268...AND element 269...Inputs 270, 271, 272, 273 of counter 263...Tracking sensitivity selector 274 (275)...Trigger 276,277... Comparison circuit 278.279...Input 280 of circuit 178...Input 281.282 of element 184...Input 283...2 of circuit 180
Direction counter 284.285, 286, 287...A N D element 288...OR element 289...NOT element 290.291...Input mfi nlilJ of circuit 180

Claims (23)

[Claims] (1) Training comprising a welding situation simulation device, a welding electrode simulator 2, and a welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model 1, further connected to the welding electrode simulator 2, the thermal equilibrium electronic model 1, and the welding situation simulation device. In a welder training device equipped with a control/monitoring device 10, the welding situation simulation device is comprised of a television-type display section 4, which displays the welding situation visually on its screen 92. A training device for welders, characterized in that the welding situation simulation device is connected to an electronic model 5 to be synthesized, and further, the welding situation simulation device is connected to the control/monitoring device via the electronic model 5. (2) The electronic model 5 that visibly synthesizes the welding situation on the screen 92 of the display unit 4 has an output that is training control and
It includes a weld tank image forming device, a grooving image forming device 19, and a welding process spark image forming device 20 connected to the input of the monitoring device 10, the input of which spark image forming device is connected to the weld tank image forming device 18. output and welding process thermal balance electronic device 1
furthermore, the output of the spark image forming device 20 is connected to the input of the welding electrode simulator 2 and the display section 4; A welder according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the formation device (22) is connected to the input of the welding process spark image formation device (20). training equipment. (3) The electronic model 5 includes a welding situation simulation process timer 25, the output of which is connected to the input of the weld tank image forming device 18, the welding joint image forming device 22, and the welding process spark image forming device 20, respectively. A training device for welders according to claim 2, characterized in that: (4) The electronic model 5 is characterized in that it includes a device 30 for forming a motion path of the welding tank image, and the output of the device 3 is connected to the input of the welding situation simulation process timer device 25. A training device for welders according to claim 3. (5) The electronic model 5 includes a circuit for separating an erroneous signal when the welding electrode simulator 2 is deviated from the center of the welding tank image on the screen 92 of the display unit 4, and the circuit is configured to control training control. Claims 3 or 4 are characterized in that they are connected to the monitoring device 10, the welding situation simulation process timer 25, the weld tank image forming device 18, and the weld joint image forming device 22. Welder training equipment described. (6) The electronic model 5 includes a circuit 169 for determining the position of the welding electrode simulator 2 with respect to the display section 4, and the circuit is connected to the input of the circuit 175 for separating erroneous signals. A training device for welders according to claim 5, characterized in that: (7) The electronic model 5 comprises a circuit 198 for determining a signal that corresponds to the welding speed, said circuit having an input connected to the output of the circuit 175 for separating false signals and a welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model. 7. The welder's training device according to claim 6, further comprising an output connected to the welder's training device. (8) The welding tank image forming device 18 has a welding tank center image 78;
a counter 75 for vertical sampling of the weld tank image raster, whose output is connected to the input of the weld image tank forming device 18; and two AND elements 78, whose respective outputs are connected to the inputs of the respective counters 74, 75; 80 and two triggers for starting the weld tank image raster, the input of each trigger being connected to the output of a respective counter 74, 75;
On the other hand, the output of each trigger 83, 84 is connected to one input of each AND element 79, 80, and each AND element 79
, 80 and the inputs of the respective triggers 83 and 84 are inputs of the overall welding tank image forming device 18, the welder training device according to any one of claims 3 to 7. . (9) The grooving image forming device 19 includes an image forming tool 78' for grooving image formation, a counter 74' for grooving image raster horizontal sampling, and an output connected to an input of the grooving image forming tool 78'. Counter 7 of the vertical sampling of the grooved image raster
5', two AND elements whose outputs are connected to the inputs of respective counters 74', 75', and two triggers 83', 84' for actuating the grooving image raster, each trigger The inputs are to the respective counters 74' and 75'.
while the output to each trigger 83', 84' is connected to the input of an AND element 79', 80', respectively, each AND element 79', 80' and each trigger 83'.
Other inputs ', 84' are the entire edge forming image forming device 19 (
19'), while the output of the grooving imager 78' and a portion of the output of each counter 74', 75' are the outputs of the edge forming device, while the grooving imager 78' 9. The welder's training device according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the output of the grooving image forming device 19 includes a portion of the output of the counters 74' and 75'. (10) The training control/monitoring device 10 includes a spark path image forming device 97, a spark position counter 98 having an output connected to an input of the forming device 97, and a pseudorandom pulse train generator 100, the generator 100 The output of the spark path imaging device 97 is connected to the spark path imaging device 97, while the output of the spark path imaging device 97 is the output of the overall device 20. welder training equipment. (11) The welding process spark image forming device 20 includes a storage device 117, the input of which is an address register 120,
An input data switching device 125 having a control circuit 127 and an output data switching device 12 connected to the output of the storage device 117
Claim 2 characterized in that it is connected to 6.
A training device for welders according to any one of items 1 to 10. (12) The welding situation simulation process timer 25 comprises a main pulse oscillator 54, a series of raster horizontal sampling counters 55 and raster vertical sampling counters 56.
The training device for welders according to item 1 or any one of items 4 to 11. (13) The welding situation simulation process timer 25 includes a micro-raster horizontal position counter 57 and a micro-raster vertical position counter 58, and the output of each counter is digitally sent to the first input of each comparison circuit 61, 62. The second input of each comparator circuit is connected digitally to the respective output of the horizontal and vertical raster sampling counters 55, 56, while the second input of each comparator circuit 61, 62
The outputs of are digitally connected to the inputs of respective AND elements 67, 68, the outputs of said AND elements being the data outputs of the overall timer 25, further controlling and manipulating the micro-raster movement. Claim 12: A switching circuit having a mode selector switch 79 is provided, and the switch 79 is output-connected in pairs to inputs of a micro-raster horizontal position counter 57 and a micro-raster vertical position counter 58, respectively. Training equipment for welders as described in Section 1. (14) The welding tank image movement path forming device 30 includes a pulse generator that generates a pulse that matches the movement speed of the welding tank image along the horizontal axis, and its output is sent to the operation switch 135.
is connected to the first pair of switching circuits 136, 137 via the same operating switch 135, and is further provided with a pulse generator 138 corresponding to the speed of movement of the welding bath image along the vertical axis, the output of which is connected to the first pair of switching circuits 136, 137 via the same operating switch 135. 2 pairs of switching circuits 139, 140
It further includes a pulse generator 141 that generates pulses corresponding to the movement stages of the welding tank image, the output of which is connected to the input of the trigger 143 and the input of the inverter 145 via the operation switch 135. Trigger 14
The direct output of trigger 143 is connected to the first input of the first AND element, while the inverse output of trigger 143 is connected to the first input of the second AND element 149.
is connected to the input, and the second of AND elements 147, 149
The input is connected via the operation switch 135 to a pulse generator 141 that generates pulses that match the number of stages, and further includes the pulse generator 141 that generates pulses that match the number of stages, the inverter 145, and the AND elements 147, 14.
9 and to the control circuit of the second pair of switching circuits 139, 140 via NOT elements 153, 154, and for controlling the direction of movement of the weld tank image. 14. Welder's welder according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that via a changing switch 157, said switch is connected to the control inputs of the first pair of switching circuits 136, 137. training equipment. (15) A patent claim characterized in that the position determining circuit 169 of the welding electrode simulator with respect to the screen 92 of the display unit 4 has a sensing element 170, the output of which is connected to a comparator 172 via an amplifier 171. A training device for welders according to item 7. (16) The erroneous signal separation circuit 175 includes data processing channels along the horizontal and vertical axes, each of which includes the following connected components: digital delay lines 176, 177, and preprocessing. circuits 178, 179; circuits for determining error values and controlling weld tank image operation; and digital-to-analog converters 182, 183; 6. The welder's training device according to claim 5, wherein the analog converters 182 and 183 are data outputs of the error signal separation circuit 175. (17) The signal determining circuit 198 matching the welding speed is
two logarithmic amplifiers 199, 200, each of which is connected to an input of an adder 205 via a concatenated amplifier 201, 202 and a logarithmic amplifier, the output of which includes a third logarithmic amplifier 206 and a third amplifier 207. Through a series of circuits,
17. The welder's training device according to any one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that it is connected to the input of the third reciprocal amplifier (208). (18) The electronic model 5 is equipped with a video mixer 108, and its inputs include the welding process thermal equilibrium electronic model 1, the welding tank image generator 18, the edge forming image generator, and the welding process spark image generator 20. , a welded joint image generator 22,
The welder according to claims 2 to 17, characterized in that the video mixer 108 is connected to the welding situation simulation process timer 25, and the output of the video mixer 108 is connected to the display unit 4. training equipment. (19) The welder training device according to claim 18, wherein the input of the video mixer 108 is connected to a circuit that controls the brightness of the welding tank image depending on the thermal conditions of the welding process. . (20) The training control/monitoring device 10 includes a channel for determining the inclination angle of the welding electrode simulator, a channel for measuring working time, an audio frequency oscillator for generating an alarm/noise background signal, and an electrode melting simulator drive unit. In the welder's training device equipped with a pulse, the training control and monitoring device 10 includes a channel for maintaining the operating conditions of the welding tank, a falling time measurement channel, a setting time measurement channel for the welding electrode simulator, and a welding tank image monitoring channel. 20. Welder training device according to claims 5 to 19, comprising a false signal forming channel following tracking. (21) The false signal formation channel by tracking the weld tank image has a tracking false signal separation circuit 232 comprising a first AND element 261 , and the output of the first AND element is connected to the first input of the pulse counter 263 . Its direct/inverse output is connected to the input of the second AND element 266, and its output is connected to one input of the third AND element and the output of the overall circuit 232 via a NOT element, while the third AND element The output of 268 is connected to the second input of the pulse counter 263, and the input of the first AND element 261 and the third AN
The second input of the D element 268 is the output of the weld tank image generator 18 and the error signal separation circuit 175 that turns off the simulator 2.
21. The welder training device according to claim 20, wherein the training device for welders is connected to a welding situation simulation process timer device (25). (22) The preprocessing circuits 178 and 179 have two triggers 2
74 and 275, the inputs of which are the inputs of the overall circuit 178, while the outputs are the third trigger 276 and the comparator circuit 27.
17. The welder's training device according to claim 16, wherein the welder's training device is connected to the inputs No. 7 in pairs. (23) The circuit 180 for measuring the error and controlling the weld tank image operation has a two-way counter 283 whose output is an OR element 288 and a NOT whose input is connected to the output of the OR element 288. element 289 and four AND elements 2
It is digitally connected to inputs 84 to 287, and AN
The two outputs of D elements 286, 287 are connected to the inputs of two-way counter 283, while the outputs of the remaining AND elements 284, 285 are the outputs of the overall circuit 180, and all AND elements 284-287 The inputs are the output of the NOT element and the welding situation simulation process timer 2.
17. The welder's training device according to claim 16, characterized in that the welder's training device is connected to the output of No. 5.