JPS6371898A - Key assigner for electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a key assigner for an electronic musical instrument that electronically scans the scanning status of the key switch of the electronic musical instrument to obtain information and control a musical tone generator.

When the key assigner knows the operation status of the key switch and operates the sound processing means, the key switch has a first and second contact structure as a contact structure, and is operated with a time delay from the first contact. After detecting that the second contact was operated, the sound generation process was performed. Therefore, two methods are adopted in which each contact has its own means for generating sound based on the output signal of each contact.
When different types of pronunciation processing were performed one after another, when the keys were pressed extremely slowly, the musical tones produced an unnatural sound, which was unpopular with performers. Improvements to this problem are desired.

[Conventional technology]

In electronic musical instruments, especially electronic keyboard instruments, the speed with which a performer presses a key is often detected and a "touch response" effect is often added to the tone. In order to detect this key pressing speed, a key switch usually employs a contact structure shown in FIG. 12 or 13. That is, one key has a first contact point and a second contact point 2, and the key pressing speed is detected from the time it takes for the key 3 to move between the two contact points. This structure can be manufactured uniformly and is inexpensive compared to those using piezoelectric elements or optical methods. In FIG. 12, a positive voltage Vcc is always applied to the first contact output terminal 5 to which a high-speed pulse is applied to the common line 4, and since the first contact 1 is normally closed, the terminal 5 The signal repeats pulse-like cycles between the positive voltage VCC and zero voltage at high speed. The second contact output terminal 6 is constant at the value of the positive voltage VCC. When the key 3 is pressed, the rod 7 is pressed, opening the first contact 1 and shortly closing the second contact. Since the potential of the second contact output terminal 6 is then repeated in a pulsed manner, the key pressing speed is the same as that of the first contact output terminal 5.
It is inversely proportional to the number of pulses from when the pulse-like change of 2 stops until the second contact output terminal 6 starts a pulse-like change.

In FIG. 13, the crown-shaped upper cover 8 and the contact base 9 are facing each other. As shown in FIG. 13B, the contact surface la of the first contact and the contact surface 2a of the second contact have an annular shape. Figure 13C
As shown in the figure, on the contact surface of the contact base 9, the first contact
c, 2b and 2c are at the second contact point. When the key 3 is pressed down, the top cover 8 is pressed down and first contacts 1a and 1b are closed, so that a signal with pulse-like changes is obtained from the first contact output terminal 5. The second contact is a DC output with no change. When the second contact is closed, a signal with a pulse-like change is obtained from the terminal 6, and a signal with a change is still obtained from the terminal 5. Therefore, the interval between the terminals 5 and 6 at the start of the pulse-like change is determined, and the value inversely proportional to the number of pulses generated during that time is the key pressing speed.

Therefore, the number of pulses is measured using the contact structure shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, and is used as a touch response effectiveness signal.

When we investigated the time from when the key press starts and the first contact 1 opens or closes until the second contact 2 closes, we found that the first
As shown in Figure 4, it was found that there was an extremely large difference between 1 msec and 20 msec, and the value was often between 6 and 12 msec. Although FIG. 14 is shown in the form of a bar graph, intermediate values also exist. FIG. 15 shows an example in which the key pressing speed is determined as the reciprocal of the required time. The highest speed is obtained in 1 msec and the lowest speed is obtained in 20 msec. An example of key pressing speed is 7Fll for 1 ms (H indicates hexadecimal notation), and Oo for 20 ms or more.

It is.

For tibia and drawbar sounds that do not require a touch response effect, such as those produced by a Hammond organ, the first contact output signal immediately starts the sound generation process, and for sounds that do not require a touch response effect, such as piano sounds. Consideration has been given to performing sound generation processing on a certain sound using a second contact output signal.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Two sets of sound generation processing means are provided, and when the two sets of sound generation processing means start producing sounds separately as time elapses during key presses, a time difference occurs in the rise of the sound. When the time difference becomes large, for example when keys are pressed slowly, a window of discomfort is created for the performer. If the performer intentionally interrupts the key press between the first contact point and the second contact point, a piano sound with a touch response effect cannot be generated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a key assigner for an electronic musical instrument that can improve the above-mentioned drawbacks and can start the operation of a sound generation processing means as naturally as possible even when an unnatural key is pressed.

[Means for Solving the Problems] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 10 is a key switch, 11 is a first contact, 1
2 is a second contact, 13 is a switching switch, 20 is a key assigner, 21 is a first sound processing means, and 31 is a second sound processing means.The key switch 10 has first and second contacts per key. In contrast, the present invention has the following configuration in a key assigner for an electronic musical instrument that performs scanning to obtain key opening/closing information.

That is, the contacts of the key switch 10 have a contact structure that provides an output signal when the first contact 11 is opened or closed, followed by an output signal when the second contact 12 is closed. . The switching switch 3 is normally connected such that the output signal of the first contact is applied to the first sound processing means 21, and the output signal of the second contact is applied to the second sound processing means 31. When the connection of the switching switch 13 is changed, only the output signal of the second contact is applied to the first and second sound generation processing means 21 and 31.

[Function] When the switching switch 13 is set to the solid line position, the output signal of the first contact 11 of the opening/closing information of the pressed key switch 10 is applied to the first sound processing means 21.
Generates a musical sound that does not require a touch response, such as a drawbar sound. Furthermore, since the output signal of the second contact 12 is applied to the second sound generation processing means 31, it is possible to independently generate a musical tone with a tone different from that of the first sound generation processing means 21 (for example, a piano sound with a touch response). can. Tibia
When generating both the drawbar sound and the piano sound, the switch 13 is switched to the position indicated by the broken line and the key is pressed. At that time, neither of the sound generation processing means operates depending on the output signal of the first contact 11, and when the output signal of the second contact 12 is obtained, both the sound generation processing means 21 and 31 simultaneously generate sound, and both of the above-mentioned to generate people.

[Embodiment] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a case where the switching switch 13 is realized by software. Therefore, it goes without saying that the switching switch 13 may be configured by hardware.

In the key assigner 20 shown in FIG. 2, 30 is a microprocessor, and 23 and 33 are memories, which collectively represent an old key data memory, a new key data memory, and an initial touch data memory. 24.34 is an assignment memory, 25.35 is a key press order memory, and 26.36 are counters, including an area counter, a priority order counter, a key scan counter, and a bit counter. 27 is a first musical tone generator, 37 is a second musical tone generator, 28 is an assignment memory for the XTV series, and 38 is an assignment memory for the TVI and TV2 series. When starting processing, the microprocessor 30 checks the operating status of the assignment memory 28, 38 in the musical tone generator, learns the conditions required for musical tone generation, and operates the sound generation processing means individually or both simultaneously. The general explanation is to distinguish between the two types of operations and to start the operation.

Next, the main routine of the above operation will be explained with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, after the start, predetermined initial settings for the key assigner and musical tone generator are performed in process (11(2)).Next, in process (3), scanning of the key switch is started, and in process (4), changes are made. Sends the tone data related to the key opening/closing information to the musical tone generator.In conditional branch (5), in order to instruct the musical tone generator to press a key, the control signal of the switching switch is either on the solid line side (individual sounding) or the dotted line. In the case of individual sound generation, the key assigner (11, that is, the first sound processing means 21 operates in step (6)), and in step (7)
Assignment memory 24 in which results are stored
The change data of is sent to the tone generator 27, and the key assigner (2), that is, the second sound generation processing means 31 operates, and the processing (9) is performed.
) Assignment memory 3 where the results are stored
4 is sent to the tone generator 37. Conditional branch (5
), when it is the simultaneous sound generation side, the key assigner (2), that is, the second sound generation processing means 22 operates in step (10). Change data of assignment memory 34 on TV
I, XTV at the same time as sending to the musical tone generator 37 of the TV2 series.
Process (11) to also send to the series musical tone generator 27 (
12). When the above processing is completed, the main routine is completed, so a loop is drawn and the processing is repeated from step (3).

Next, the assignment memory 28 of the musical tone generator 27.37
．． 38 will be explained. As shown in FIG. 4, it consists of 48 note registers (NR). T shown in Figure 4A
The VI and TV2 series allocate the same information to similar addresses and belong to the second sound generation processing means that requires a touch response. The XT, V series shown in FIG. 4B belongs to the first sound generation processing means that does not require a touch response.

Each note register stores key on/off, key number, key pressing speed, area, etc. What is key on/off?
'0' turns it off, @11 turns it on.

The key number consists of 7 bits, and when it is C0, it is 00.1.
．． For C+, one octave is 1, like OCR.
The value increases by 2. The key pressing speed is the initial key pressing speed.
Touch data is stored in the 0 area, which uses 6 bits, and a value assigned to each key.The solo keyboard is 00i (m stands for 2 game keys).

Ols on the upper keyboard, 10++ on the lower keyboard, 11 on the pedal keyboard
m.

Tone color data in the musical tone generator is stored as shown in FIG. Figure 5 shows the second sound processing means side, Figure B
is located on the first sound processing means side. In the TVI series shown in FIG. 5A, NROO to NROB are boost priority systems for a total of 12 channels of upper/lower keys, and are used to generate preset verkancilan sounds such as piano and harpsichord. NROC and NROD are two-channel boost priority systems, and are used to generate percussion bass sounds such as electric bass. NROE and NRIE constitute a 2DCO, and two note registers are used to generate one solo sound. N
ROF and NRIF constitute 2QCO as described above.

Like the TVI series, the TV2 series' NRIO to NRIB are boost priority systems with a total of 12 channels of upper and lower keys, and are used to produce string and lead orchestral sounds. NRIC-NR1 [) is a 2-channel boost priority system, and is used to generate orchestral bass sounds.

, NR2O to NR2B of the XTV series are boost priority systems with a total of 12 channels of upper and lower keys, and are used to produce tibia drawba sounds. Note that NR2B-NR2F are not used in this example.

Next, FIG. 6 shows the assignment memory 24, 34 managed by the microprocessor 30. FIG. 6A shows the assignment made using the information obtained by the second contact SW2,
Touch speed data is also useful. The contents of this assignment memory are transferred to the 32 note registers NROO to NPIF in FIG. 3 to generate a sound having a touch response effect. FIG. 6B shows the assignment made using the information obtained by the first contact SWI. The touch speed data is written to the "Key press speed" field of CHO-CIl D in the assignment memory shown in Fig. 6B, with the value that allows the microprocessor to produce sound at an appropriate volume as default data. The contents of this assignment memory shown in Fig. 4 are NR2O to NR2 in the case of individual pronunciation.
Transferred to the 14 note registers of D.

FIG. 7 shows the key press order memory used when making the assignment to the assignment memory shown in FIG.

7A belongs to the second sound generation processing means, and FIG. 7B belongs to the first sound generation processing means. For 7th nationals, the second contact point SW
In FIG. 7B, the key on/off bits and channel number for the first contact s w 1 are stored.

Next, the initial touch data memory in the memory 23.33 is shown in FIG. 8 using an example of a 61-key keyboard. In FIG. 8, the initial touch data has a 7-bit configuration.
The other most significant bit indicates the state of the contact SW2 of each key. Key on/off bit is on at 111, IIQ
Addresses in the touch information area shown in FIG. 8, which indicate off in II, are stored one-to-one with the keyboard from 0ON to 7F, and key information for low notes is stored in small addresses. In FIG. 7, the data after address 80A stores the switch status obtained by scanning, and 1 byte (8 bits) contains information for 4 keys.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing old key data regarding contacts SWI and SW2.

FIG. 10 shows an operation flowchart of the first sound generation processing means. In step (1) of FIG. 10, the area counter in the counter 26 is set to zero. Next, in step (2), the key scan counter in the counter 26 is set to zero. 1st
The data corresponding to the key scan counter, that is, the data at address zero, is read from the old data memory in the memory 23 in which the data scanned last time regarding the state of the contact SW1 is stored. Data obtained by newly scanning this data (
A comparison with new key data) is performed in step (5).

At this time, an EOR circuit is usually used. The data to be compared is in 4-bit units, and on/off changes can be detected for four keys at once. Step when there is no change (
In step 6), the key scan counter is incremented by 1 and the same process is performed. If the key scan counter exceeds in step (7), add 1 to the area counter (step (8))
Repeat the same process. Processing ends when the area counter exceeds the limit. This key scanning increases the speed of detecting changes in key status and reduces the burden on the processor.

Note that the above-mentioned areas are words that identify and indicate the keyboard; for example, area 00 is the solo keyboard, area 01 is the upper keyboard, area 10 is the upper keyboard, etc.
indicates the lower keyboard, and area 11 indicates the foot keyboard.

Next, the operations after the conditional branching step (5) will be explained.

When it is detected in step (5) that a change in the situation has occurred, the focus counter in the counter 26 is set to zero in step (10) (the 4-bit data in the initial touch data memory in the memory 23 is Check which bit of the 4 pinpoints has changed.For this purpose, in step (11), check each bit from the least significant bit among the 4 pinpoints, masking all the pinpoints other than the 0th pinpoint indicated by the focus counter, and once again compare the new bit to the old bit. The bits are checked. If there is no change in step (12), the focus counter is incremented by 1 in step (13). Repeat until a change is detected, and then the changed bits are checked in step (15). For example, if the data bit is "1", it is determined that the key-on state has changed, and if it is "0", it is determined that the key-off state has been changed, and the process proceeds to each process.

[About key-off processing]

When key-off is detected, a key number is obtained in step (19). Next, in steps (20) and (21), it is checked whether there is a key-on channel corresponding to the key number that has been keyed off in the assignment memory 24, which will be described later. If it can be found, step (22) is performed as a process for signing a key offer to that channel. If all 12 channels are not found even after all 12 channels are searched, the key offer is not performed and the old data memory is rewritten in step (28). This process searches the key press order memory 25 for the same channel number as the channel to which the key offer has been made, and since its on/off bit should always be on, processing is performed to turn it off. Thereafter, the corresponding bit in the old key data memory is turned off. If the same key number is not found even after searching all 12 channels of the assignment memory 24 using step 20) and conditional branching (21), do not perform steps 22 and 23 to turn off the key. Key data SWI
Only the rewriting is performed and the process returns to Step 7 (13).

[Regarding key-on processing] When key-on is detected by the conditional branch (16), a key number and key-on processing code are created in step (25), and these become the first byte of the assignment memory 24. Further, in step (26), a table is referred to based on the initial touch data, the data is converted into key press speed data, and area data consisting of 2 bits and knots is added to create the second byte. Next step (27)
The conditional branch (28) searches the assignment memory 24 for a channel with the same key number and whose on/off bit is turned off. This is because if you assign the same key to other channels one after another, the volume will gradually increase and become unnatural, especially for tones with a long sustain, so the idea is to assign the same key number to the channel that is currently being released. be.

If it is found using the conditional branch (2nd day), then in step (32), the channel with the same key number is set as the assigned channel for the new key press. If the same key number is not found in all the channels in the assignment memory 24 in the conditional branch (28), it is determined in the conditional branch (29) whether there is a key-off channel in the key press order memory 25.
I can go around. If it is determined that there is a key-off channel, in step (31), the channel that was pressed first among the key-off channels of SW1 in the key press order memory 25 is searched for and is set as the channel to be assigned to the new key press.

In the conditional branch (29), S Wl is stored in the key press order memory 25.
If there is no key-off channel and all are key-on channels, the channel that was pressed first in the key-pressing order memory 25 is searched for as the channel to be assigned to the new key-pressing channel in step (30). Key press order memory 2
5 stores channel numbers assigned in the order of oldest key presses starting from the first address, so the channel number stored in the memory at the first address is the channel that was pressed the earliest.

No matter which of the processing steps (30), (31), and (32) are performed, the allocation to the assignment memory 24 is then performed in the processing step (33). After that, processing to the key press order memory 25 is performed in steps (34) to (41).
Do it with If the priority order counter exceeds due to conditional branching (38), error processing of process (39) is entered. Thereafter, in a processing step (42), the corresponding bit of the old key data SWI is turned on.

When detecting the presence or absence of a key press, if it cannot be detected, proceed to the next 4.
To detect the key, increment the key scan counter by one and return to the beginning of the routine. When the key scan counter exceeds the end value, the value of the area counter is increased by 1 and key press detection is performed from the first key of the next area. When the value of the area counter exceeds the end value, the processing of the first sound generation processing means ends.

FIG. 11 is an operation flowchart of the second sound generation processing means. The difference compared to the case in Figure 10 is that the former is 5W1=
The key is turned on when it is "1" and the key is turned off when 5W1='0'' in steps (16) and (19), whereas in the latter case, the key is turned on when 5W2-'1' is turned on.

5W2-0" and 5WI-"O", key-off processing is performed in step (16) ('17).

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, when two sets of sound generation processing means are provided and each means produces sounds with different tones, each output signal of the first contact and the second contact is individually processed. pronounced. When simultaneously producing sounds, the sounds are produced by the output signal of the second contact, which eliminates any unnaturalness for the performer.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the principle configuration of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 4 and 6 are diagrams showing data storage in the assignment memory, Figure 5 is a diagram showing a memory that stores tone data, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing touch data. Figure 9 shows the memory to store the old key data. Figure 1 shows the memory to store the old key data.
Figure 0 is an operation flowchart of the first sound generation processing means, Figure 11 is an operation flowchart of the second sound generation processing means, Figures 12 and 13 are diagrams showing the contact structure of the key switch, and Figure 14 is the key press time. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of key pressing speed. 1.11...First contact 2.12...-Second contact 3...Key 5...-First contact output terminal 6-...Second contact output terminal 13...Switching switch 21. ...First sound processing means 31...First sound processing means

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] In a key assigner for an electronic musical instrument that obtains key opening/closing information by scanning a key switch (10) having two contacts per key, the switch (10) has two contacts. Following the output signal when the first contact (11) opens or closes, the second contact (12)
) is closed, and the key assigner has a first sound processing means (21) and a second sound processing means (21).
Switching the connection path between the sound generation processing means (31), each contact output signal terminal, and each sound generation processing means, and applying only the second contact (12) output signal when both sound generation processing means are operated simultaneously. A key assigner for an electronic musical instrument, comprising a switch (13).