JPS6366498B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to chewing gum compositions. More specifically, the present invention incorporates a combination of at least one non-toxic acid source and calcined carrion particles. The present invention relates to a chewing gum composition capable of cleaning and highly polishing teeth, and further capable of reducing the rate of tooth chafing. Dental research has revealed convincing evidence that dental whiskers are a major etiological factor for periodontal ligament disease and dental caries. Dental caries is a localized progressive decay of teeth. Dental caries is the result of demineralization caused by the acids produced when bacteria in the dental canals ferment the carbohydrate foods present in the mouth. The discovery of fluorides has led to great advances in caries prevention technology. However, this progress has been somewhat offset by a variety of reasons. These reasons include, for example, increased intake of sugar-containing processed foods and snack foods, poor oral hygiene habits, and sexual proclivities. In fact, dental caries, which affects more than 95% of Americans by the time they reach adulthood, is the most prevalent disease in the United States other than the common cold. The main reason for tooth loss after the age of 35 is due to periodontal ligament disease. The single most important factor that causes periodontal ligament disease is the accumulation of dental floss and calculus (eg, salivary calculus) on the teeth. These deposits cause inflammation of the surrounding gingival tissue, and as the condition worsens, even the supporting bone is adversely affected. These reactions destroy the supporting structures, resulting in large amounts of tooth loss, including healthy teeth without cavities. Brushing teeth with a toothbrush and toothpaste is widely recognized as a way to maintain dental health, but the average American only brushes about once a day for about a minute. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop other methods of improving oral hygiene on a daily basis. Chewing gum has been said for many years to be a viable and excellent adjunct to cleaning teeth. This is because people find great pleasure in making chewing gum easier, and
This is because it makes it easier to chew gum for a much longer period of time than it takes to brush your teeth.
Chewing gum is particularly suitable for use in situations where tooth brushing is not possible or difficult, such as after lunch, while traveling or at work. However, it is known that making chewing gum easier to chew can reduce the amount of debris on or between the teeth, but chewing gum alone can remove debris from the teeth unless used in conjunction with another therapeutic agent. , tartar or stains cannot be removed. Additionally, chewing gum has often been suggested as a vehicle for administering dental therapeutic agents such as fluorides, phosphates, enzymes, and other substances, and there are no commercially available products that can be used for these purposes. Not at all.
This is because supporting data was insufficient or there were toxicological problems, which prevented it from being commercially available. The concept of well polishing or polishing the enamel is recognized as absolutely essential for good oral hygiene. This is because a smooth tooth surface that is well polished or polished provides fewer nests or sites for oral bacteria to adhere to than a rough enamel surface that is not polished or polished. The main cause of dental caries and periodontal ligament disease is oral bacteria that attach to and grow on the enamel surface. By physically abrading the tooth enamel, the effect of bacterial colonization on the tooth surface is reduced. In addition, tooth whiskers are not often generated. As a result, dental caries and periodontal ligament disease are prevented. Therefore, thorough polishing or polishing can have a significant effect on preventing chafing and extrinsic staining, if a suitable vehicle for the polishing or polishing can be developed. When commercially available dentifrice abrasives were used in toothpastes, the enamel polishing or polishing properties were relatively poor. Therefore, re-accumulation of dental plaque, oral debris, dental plaque, fungal film, dirt, and tartar cannot be sufficiently prevented. In particular, when regular toothbrush cleaning and abrasive agents are used in regular daily tooth brushing, plaque, food particles, and
Although they can remove extrinsic stains and other staining substances that adhere to tooth surfaces, they are generally insufficient to remove more stubborn forms of enamel staining contaminants, and are generally It lacks the polishing or polishing properties necessary to provide a smooth surface that is less susceptible to re-forming of dental scars and tartar. In fact, commonly used medications can often be too abrasive to the tooth surface, thus tending to damage the tooth's enamel and surrounding soft dentin areas. If you polish the tooth surface too much, the tooth surface will become rough.
bacterial membranes (precursors of tooth stains), and dental cavities (precursors of dental caries, periodontal ligament disease, and tartar).
significantly promotes the re-accumulation of Additionally, these conventional dental polishes detract from tooth aesthetics to a greater extent than more effective polishes. A chewing gum that can clean and polish or polish teeth is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,120, issued June 29, 1971. This patent discloses the addition of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO ₄ ) with high unit particle size and surface topography to the formulation of chewing gum. The chewing gum made by U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,120 cleans the teeth well because the zirconium silicate is a hard mineral, but the teeth are somewhat overly abraded. Furthermore, zirconium silicate is somewhat radioactive, which limits the use of the technology of US Pat. No. 3,590,120. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,120 also suggests that zirconium silicate can be used in conjunction with other abrasives such as kaolinite, but kaolinite must be calcined to highly polish teeth. is not taught. The use of calcined kaolin as a toothpaste abrasive with fluorides is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,122,163. This patent relates to the use of highly purified calcined kaolin in toothpastes. However, this patent is silent about the existence of other useful uses in the field of oral hygiene. Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum that can remove dental chafing and thoroughly brush teeth. Another object of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum that can clean and polish teeth without unduly abrasive or abrasive the enamel surface. The above objects, other objects, advantages and features of the present invention can be achieved by a chewing gum composition that is capable of cleaning and thoroughly polishing teeth. The chewing gum composition comprises (a) a chewing gum base; (b) at least one non-toxic acid source; and (c) calcined kaolin particles having a median diameter of about 2 micrometers (μm) or less than this, with approximately all particles having a diameter of 20 micrometers (μm)
less than The calcined kaolin particles are incorporated in an amount ranging from about 1 to 50%, preferably 5 to 15%, based on the weight of the chewing gum. Calcined kaolin can be used as a filler incorporated into the formulation of the gum base, as a component of the solubles added during the manufacture of chewing gum; or as a combination of the filler and solubles components. The non-toxic acid source is preferably blended in an effective amount. Preferably, when an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1 g of chewing gum per ml of deionized water is measured, the concentration is about 2.6
Use in an amount sufficient to provide an aqueous PH value within the range of ~3.3. This acid is an essential component for adequate tooth brushing according to the invention. The acid source is one or more organic acids, inorganic acids, or acid salts thereof. Suitable non-toxic acids that can be used in the present invention include organic acids such as saturated and unsaturated hydroxy or non-hydroxy C ₁ -C ₆ monobasic, dibasic and tribasic carboxylic acids;
Examples include citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and mixtures thereof. Inorganic acids that can be used in the present invention include phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and boric acid. Suitable acid salts are the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of the aforementioned acids, such as monobasic calcium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium bisulfite and sodium pyrophosphate. Regular chewing of the chewing gum of the present invention, which has the properties described herein, can provide a high degree of polishing of the hard tissues of the oral cavity and can also remove dental plaque from the surfaces of the teeth. In accordance with the present invention, normal chewing of the chewing gum of the present invention may also reduce the rate of plaque regeneration. In accordance with the present invention, an improved chewing gum capable of highly polishing teeth comprises (a) a chewing gum base; (b) at least one non-toxic acid source; and (c) calcined kaolin particles. It can be manufactured by The median diameter of the calcined kaolin particles is about 2 μm or less, with substantially all particles having a diameter of less than 20 μm. The kaolin particles are incorporated into the chewing gum composition in an amount of about 1 to 50% based on the weight of the chewing gum composition. (Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts and proportions mentioned herein are expressed in terms of total weight of chewing gum.) Preferably, kaolin is included in an amount of about 5 to 15 parts by weight. The calcined kaolin particles of the present invention are obtained by calcining (ie, heat treating) kaolinite [Al ₄ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₈ ]. After kaolinite is mined, it is cleaned, dried, and classified before being fired. The kaolinite can also be subjected to a refining operation before firing. For example, it can be subjected to flocculation and related processes as disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,477,809. Preferably, the kaolin is calcined at a temperature within the range of about 1000°C to 1100°C. If the temperature does not reach 1000°C, the kaolinite remains primarily meta-kaolin, and from a dental point of view this material is not sufficiently hard for satisfactory cleaning and polishing. It is enough. The material fired at approximately 1000℃ is mainly gamma-alumina. If the refined material is over-calcined (i.e., subjected to temperatures above about 1100°C), gamma-alumina can become significantly crystalline mullite (3Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ ) or cristobalite (composition, SiO ₂ ) changes. This mullite is usually in the form of tiny needle-like crystals.
Materials containing large amounts of cristobalite and mullite crystals are undesirable from a dental point of view. This is because such materials tend to be excessively abrasive to tooth enamel. Therefore, the calcined kaolin used in the present invention is preferably primarily in the form of gamma-alumina. During firing, kaolin grows into large chunks. After firing, the kaolin must be crushed and/or pulverized. Polishing agents are thus obtained having a particle size distribution within a range that has been found to be useful from a dental point of view. Conventional milling methods (eg Bauer milling, wet grinding, etc.) can be used. Kaolin particles with a diameter exceeding approximately 20 μm must not be present in the chewing gum. This is because particles larger than 20 μm in diameter are felt as "coarse powder" in the mouth. The intermediate particle size can be varied without any negative effect on the polishing ability of the chewing gum. However, the particle size is slightly larger (median diameter is approx.
10 μm or less) compared to smaller particle size particles.
Indicates the breaking point of improved polishing ability. However, it is important to carefully control the particle size of the calcined kaolin particles to avoid excessive abrasion or abrasion of the enamel. If the intermediate size of the calcined kaolin particles is within the range of about 2 μm or less,
Never over-polish. Kaolin of such particle size exhibits abrasive values comparable to those of acceptable standard toothpaste abrasives. The best results, both in terms of polishing and polishing, are achieved with the largest intermediate particle size distribution that can be used consistent with an acceptable degree of polishing. According to the invention, preferred particle size distributions meeting these absolute requirements are those shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Calcined Kaolin Particle Size Particle Size (μm) Weight (%) 0-3 70 3-5 15 5-10 10 10-20 5 20 0 As mentioned above, kaolin particles are measured based on the weight of the total gum composition. about 1-50%, preferably 5-15
It is used in combination in an amount of %. Calcined kaolin particles can also be supplied as an add-on ingredient during the actual manufacture of the final chewing gum;
Alternatively, it may be incorporated into the gum base as part or all of the bulking agent component. As a filler component and ad-
Although kaolin particles can be used in both forms as an on-component, it is preferred to use at least some calcined kaolin particles as an add-on component. For example, the gums of the present invention advantageously contain up to about 50% calcined kaolin filler, based on the weight of the gum base ingredients, and up to about 50% add-on ingredients, based on the weight of the total gum composition. can contain. When calcined kaolin is present as both a filler and an add-on component, it provides about 5-30% as filler based on the weight of the gum base, and the remainder provides about 50% based on the total weight of the gum. % or less as an add-on ingredient. As mentioned above, in order to adequately polish tooth enamel according to the present invention, a non-toxic acid source must be used with the kaolin particles. Acid sources that can be used in the present invention are organic acids, inorganic acids and acid salts. Suitable non-toxic organic acids that can be used include saturated or unsaturated hydroxy or non-hydroxy C ₁ -
C ₆ monobasic, dibasic and tribasic carboxylic acids. Suitable carboxylic acids are natural and commonly used edible acids such as citric acid,
These include fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid. Suitable inorganic acids include phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and boric acid. Suitable acid salts are the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of the aforementioned acids. Preferred acid salts are monobasic calcium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium bisulfite. Mixtures of acids and salts can also be used. Chewing gum containing no acid source but calcined kaolin particles was slightly better in terms of tooth polishing (i.e. polishing) effect than the control gum containing no kaolin particles, although it was The best polishing effect on tooth enamel can be obtained when the amount of kaolin is incorporated into the gum. Improved polish (i.e. polishing) can be obtained with any measurable amount of acid. However, about PH
The polishing effect can be doubled if the acid source is used at a concentration that results in an aqueous PH value within the range of 2.6 to 3.3. Generally, the acid component should be provided at a level greater than 0 wt% and no more than about 3 wt% to provide a PH value within the range of about 2.6 to 3.3. For certain acids, increasing the amount of acid above about 3 wt% results in a loss of enamel polishing effect, which may be due to the clouding of tooth enamel caused by high acid concentrations. . For other acids, such as ascorbic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid and especially adipic acid, unpleasant taste limits the amount of acid used to a maximum of about 3.0 wt%.
Such acids can be used in amounts of 3.0 wt% or more if the taste problem is resolved. The taste of inorganic acids and especially phosphates can be more easily masked than the taste of carboxylic acids. Various inorganic acids are suitable in all respects for use in calcined kaolin gum.
Inorganic acids are preferred over carboxylic acids when there is a taste problem where acidity must be masked. However, gums with sour fruit flavors do not need to mask acidity. Therefore, carboxylic acids are preferred over inorganic acids for such gums. The acid source is incorporated into a conventional chewing gum base containing calcined kaolin. Suitable chewing gum bases are commercially available. Suitable raw materials for the gum base that can be used in the present invention include chicle, latex, RBH resin, ester gum, petroleum waxes, rosins, crown gum, Malsa compound,
PU-C, picrillite resin, candelilla wax,
These include tikivir gum, polyvinyl acetate, and styrene butadiene. Most gum bases made without the use of any calcium carbonate as a filler are generally suitable. However, as exemplified later in this document, certain gum bases particularly enhance the cleaning and polishing properties of calcined kaolin-containing gums. A suitable conventional gum base for stick gum (i.e.
(for the base for bubble gum) is "Paloja T", "Paloja T"
(Firm Paloja T)” and “Nova T”
etc. Suitable bubble gum bases are “Paloja Bubble T”, “Ladco Bubble T” and Grand
Grand Bubble T". All of these gum bases are commercially available from LADreyfus. The usual amount of gum base is in the range of about 10-60% based on the total weight of the gum. Preferably. is about 15-30% of the total gum composition, preferably about 18-26% of the total gum composition.
% is gum based. In addition to the calcined kaolin particles, non-toxic acid source and gum base described above, the chewing gum of the present invention may contain excipients such as corn syrup, white sugar, sorbitol, xylitol, and other flavoring agents and sweeteners and various inert fillers. Contains. According to the invention, it is preferred to prepare the gum without the use of sugar or other caries-inducing sweeteners. Such gums can be manufactured in several preparative forms, such as, for example, regular gum sticks, bubble gum, and the like. The excipient component of the gum can contain conventional flavors and sweeteners to levels within the range of about 30-80%, based on the total weight of the gum. Flavoring agents such as spearmint, peppermint, wintergreen, fruit flavors, etc. can be used. Preferred gum compositions use non-cavity-inducing sweeteners consisting of natural and synthetic sweeteners rather than corn syrup and sugar. This is because natural sweeteners tend to induce tooth decay. Inert fillers such as talc, sorbitol, annitol, glycerin, lecithin, etc. are included in the gum base to improve the overall consistency of the gum composition. The gas base, excipients and fillers mentioned above are all known chewing gum ingredients. These ingredients are blended in conventional amounts. As such, they do not form part of the invention. In all cases, the gum base and other ingredients used must be non-acidophilic.
(i.e. these components must be inert to attack by the acid or otherwise non-reactive with the acid component.) Thus, for example:
Gums containing calcium carbonate as a filler cannot be used satisfactorily. This is because the acid reacts with calcium carbonate on the spot, causing the gum to crumble when chewed, and also makes the texture of the gum loose and chewy, and also has a high polishing efficiency of the gum. It neutralizes the The calcined kaolin particles and the acid source can be incorporated into the chewing gum in a conventional manner during its manufacture. In particular, the calcined kaolin particles can be incorporated as part of the filler used during the preparation of the chewing gum base, or they can be incorporated at a later stage when producing the chewing gum. Preferably, the calcined kaolin particles and the edible acid are incorporated into the chewing gum, at least in part, as add-on ingredients. Similarly, an acid source can be included in the chewing gum formulation or as an add-on ingredient. An illustration of the process for preparing chewing gum according to the invention is provided in the Examples below. Example 1 A conventional chewing gum production method was used to produce conventional sugar-free chewing gum. Therefore, there was no need to particularly change the manufacturing method. It is most convenient to incorporate calcined kaolin as an add-on component early in gum production. For the production of sugar-free gum, 260 g of chewing gum base containing 29.5% calcined kaolin as a filler were placed in an unheated sigma mixer and stirred for several minutes. Next, the add-on components of fully calcined kaolin (23.3 g) and approximately half the amount of powdered sorbitol (250 g) were added and mixed for 5 minutes. Next, all the glycerin (20g) and 1/3
of sorbitol solution (60g) was added to the mixer. After 5 minutes, remaining sorbitol powder (118g)
and half of each of sorbitol solution (55 g) were blended. After an additional 5 minutes, the remaining sorbitol solution (55g) and sorbitol powder (118.7g) were added to the gum. Acid source (30g) and flavor (10g) were added slowly and mixed until homogeneous in the gum. The finished gum is then removed from the sigma mixer, shaped into the desired shape such as a rod, sprayed with mannitol or starch, cooled, and then
The gum was wrapped and packaged. When producing sugar-containing gum, the mixer must be heated during the above-mentioned mixing operation. Other exemplary compositions of chewing gum according to the invention are shown in the Examples below. Example 2 parts by weight Chewing gum base containing 29.5% calcined kaolin filler 26.0 Sorbitol powder 48.7 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 17.0 Glycerin 2.0 Calcined kaolin 2.3 Adipic acid 3.0 Flavor (mixed fruit flavor) 1.0 100.0 Example 3 Ingredient parts by weight Paloja T Gum base 19.4 Corn syrup 19.8 Powdered sugar 47.3 Glycerin 0.5 Calcined Caelin 10.0 Lactic acid 2.0 Flavoring 1.0 100.0 Example 4 Ingredient parts by weight Paloja Bubble T Base 26.0 Sorbitol powder 36.8 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin ( Calcined at 1000℃.Median particle size: 1.8μm
15.0 Citric acid 1.0 Adipic acid 1.0 Flavor (guarana) 0.7 100.0 Example 5 components by weight Nova T Gum base 25.0 Sorbitol powder 44.5 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1050°C. Median particle size: 1.2 μm )
8.0 Tartaric acid 1.5 Flavor (grape) 1.5 100.0 Example 6 components by weight Paloja T Gum base 25.0 Sorbitol powder 46.5 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1100°C. Median particle size: 0.8 μm)
5.0 Fumaric acid 1.0 Ascorbic acid 2.0 Flavor (orange) 1.0 100.0 Example 7 components by weight Grande Bubble T 26.0 Sorbitol powder 31.5 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1050°C. Median particle size: 0.2 μm )
20.0 Malic acid 2.0 Flavor (apple) 1.0 100.0 Example 8 components by weight Ladco Bubble T 16.8 Corn syrup 22.4 Powdered sugar 48.2 Glycerin 0.3 Water 0.3 Kaolin (calcined at 1050°C. Median particle size: 1.5 μm)
10.0 Glutaric acid 0.5 Citric acid 0.5 Flavoring 1.0 100.0 Example 9 components Bubble gum base containing 20.0% calcined kaolin filler by weight 26.0 Sorbitol powder 49.5 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (intermediate grains calcined at 1100℃) Diameter: 1.0μm) 3.0 Succinic acid 1.0 Flavor (peppermint) 1.0 100.0 Example 10 ingredients Chewing gum base containing 40.0% calcined kaolin filler by weight 30.0 Sorbitol powder 49.3 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Adipic acid 0.2 Flavor (Spearmint) 1.0 100.0 Example 11 Ingredients Chewing gum base containing 29.5% calcined kaolin filler by weight 26.0 Sorbitol powder 48.7 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 17.0 Glycerin 3.0 Calcined kaolin 2.3 Hydrochloric acid (2M aqueous solution) 2.0 Flavor (Peppermint) 1.0 100.0 Example 12 parts by weight Paloja T Gum base 19.4 Corn syrup 10.8 Powdered sugar 49.0 Glycerin 0.5 Calcined kaolin 10.0 Phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) 0.3 Flavor (spearmint) 1.0 100.0 Example 13 parts by weight Paloja Bubble T Base 26.0 Sorbitol powder 37.7 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1000℃. Intermediate particle size: 1.8μm)
15.0 Sulfuric acid (96% aqueous solution) 0.1 Boric acid (3M) 1.0 Flavor (guarana) 0.7 100.0 Example 14 components by weight Nova T Gum base 25.0 Sorbitol powder 45.8 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1050℃) .Intermediate particle size: 1.2μm)
8.0 Nitric acid (70% aqueous solution) 0.2 Flavor (mint) 1.5 100.0 Example 15 components by weight Paloja T Gum base 25.0 Sorbitol powder 49.1 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1100°C. Median particle size: 0.8 μm)
5.0 Hydrochloric acid (37% aqueous solution) 0.3 Adipic acid 0.1 Flavor (orange) 1.0 100.0 Example 16 components by weight Grande Bubble T 26.0 Sorbitol powder 33.2 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1050℃. Intermediate grains) Diameter: 0.2μm)
20.0 Perchloric acid (70% aqueous solution) 0.3 Flavor (peppermint) 1.0 100.0 Example 17 components ( parts by weight) Ladco Bubble T 16.8 Corn syrup 22.4 Powdered sugar 49.0 Glycerin 0.3 Water 3 Kaolin (calcined at 1050°C. Median particle size: 1.5 μm)
10.0 Phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) 0.1 Sodium pyrophosphate 0.1 Fragrance (Untergreen) 1.0 100.0 Example 18 ingredients Bubble gum base containing 20.0% calcined kaolin filler by weight 26.0 Sorbitol powder 50.2 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Kaolin (calcined at 1100℃. Intermediate particle size: 1.0μm)
3.0 Sodium sulfite 0.2 Monobasic calcium phosphate 0.1 Flavor (peppermint) 1.0 100.0 Example 19 ingredients Chewing gum base containing 40.0% calcined kaolin filler by weight 30.0 Sorbitol powder 49.2 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) 0.2 Sodium phosphate monobasic 0.1 Flavor (spearmint) 1.0 100.0 Example 20 ingredients Chewing gum base containing 10.0% calcined kaolin filler by weight 25.0 Sorbitol powder 46.6 Sorbitol solution (70% aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Glycolic acid 0.1 Phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) 0.1 Calcined kaolin 8.0 Flavor (peppermint) 0.7 100.0 Example 21 ingredients (parts by weight ) Chewing gum base containing 10.0% calcined kaolin filler 25.0 Sorbitol powder 46.58 Sorbitol solution (70%) Aqueous solution) 15.0 Glycerin 4.5 Glycolic acid 0.08 Phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) 0.08 Calcium phosphate monobasic 0.07 Calcined kaolin 8.0 Flavor (peppermint) 0.7 100.0 Each of the above examples includes a different combination of a non-toxic acid source and calcined kaolin particles. can be modified by using according to the invention. Evaluation Test The effect of the high gloss (polishing) chewing gum obtained according to the present invention was evaluated by the polishing (polishing) of the gas.
and demonstrated by in vitro studies on polishing properties. Furthermore, the effectiveness of chewing gum according to the present invention in removing dental scars was evaluated in an in-vivo test in a human clinical study. The polishing and abrasive properties of the test chewing gum according to the invention and the commercially available chewing gum were determined by chewing the chewing gum in the oral cavity using two well-interlocking teeth and a salivary medium maintained at a body temperature of 37°C. The evaluation was carried out using a device that resembles amber. This device is compatible with Kleber, Schimmele Rutt and
“A Mastication Device” by Muhler
Designed for the Evaluation of Chewing
Gums, "J.Dent.Res. 60:109 (1981). The device consists essentially of a heat-regulated reservoir of 40 ml capacity, a motorized reciprocating shaft, and two paddles. The reservoir has a 2 cm square machined recess in the center for receiving the test tooth sample. A set screw secures the test tooth sample in the recess of the reservoir. The reservoir also serves to receive the chewing gum and saliva to be tested. Two holes at the bottom of the reservoir receive a rheostat-controlled heating element and a thermocouple.
Used to maintain temperature at ℃. The entire reservoir assembly is held firmly in place by two thumb bolts and can be easily removed for cleaning. The reciprocating shaft is attached to one end of an offset pin on a 40-tooth gear. This gear is powered by a 1/120 horsepower electric motor (Dayton
It meshes with an 80-tooth gear driven by Electric Mfg. (Mcdel 27808). This 2:1 gear ratio produces a drive torque of 35.0 kg-cm. The rotation of the gears causes the shaft to move repeatedly in and out of the reservoir at a rate of five times per minute. The free end of the shaft is secured to a removable holder. Another test tooth sample can be attached to one end of the shaft. During the descending stroke, the upper teeth in the holder engage the lower teeth mounted in the reservoir. Furthermore, the center of the shaft is surrounded by a special adjustable sleeve, which adds the up-and-down movement of the shaft to the rocking movement at the moment the teeth engage. In this way, chewing and shearing actions are performed at the same time. The two paddles mimic jaw and tongue movements by placing the gum back onto the teeth in the reservoir after each chewing cycle. The center of each paddle rests on a pin attached to the rim on either end of the reciprocating shaft. The tips of the paddles are connected by steel springs. This spring holds the paddle in position adjacent to a circular cam mounted on a gear driven by an electric motor. The other two ends of the paddle are fitted into the reservoir and have pieces of inert resin. This piece of inert resin is flush with the bottom and sides of the reservoir. In the descending stroke, the circular cam releases the spring force on the upper part of the paddle, which causes the two opposing paddles to open. As the shaft rises at the end of the chewing cycle, the circular cam forces the springs on the top of the paddle apart, causing the two pieces of inert resin at each end to move toward each other and position the gum over the teeth in the reservoir. Adjust,
Move on to the next chewing cycle. A mechanical stroke counter is attached to the side wall of the device to automatically record the number of chews. The device is also equipped with on-off switches for the motor and heating device. All metal parts of the device are made of medical-grade stainless steel to prevent corrosion. The method for measuring the enamel polishing effect of chewing gum using a chewing device is as follows. Finally, in order to warm the saliva reservoir to body temperature,
The heating element was activated. The upper and lower test tooth samples were then clouded in 0.2NHCl for 30 seconds.
These test tooth samples were previously placed in Wood's metal support and the exposed lip surfaces were slightly flattened with a surface grinder. A flat surface is required to obtain reliable reflectance measurements. After clouding, one test tooth sample was firmly attached to a predetermined position in the reservoir, and the other test tooth sample was attached to a holder. This holder is attached to the shaft above the reservoir. Two paddles were then placed on each end of the tooth. The reservoir was then fixed in place and the easy-to-chew counter was set to zero. The gum to be evaluated was then pre-softened by the operator and placed between the teeth and the paddle in the reservoir. Each test includes approximately
20g of large balls of pre-softened gum are required.
All saliva produced during the softening process was collected and placed in a reservoir. Once the temperature stabilized at 37℃,
The chewing device was activated and mastication started. During each stroke, the gum is "chewed" between the interlocking upper and lower teeth. The upper shaft is designed to create a rocking motion when the upper and lower teeth interlock to mimic the shearing action that occurs during normal mastication in the human mouth. After each chewing cycle, the paddle moves the chewing gum back into place on the lower teeth in preparation for the next chewing cycle. After evaluating the gum for a given number of chews, the test tooth sample is collected and the amount of polish obtained is measured with a reflectometer. This reflectometer is specially designed to emit a beam at a 45° angle to the flattened tooth surface. The higher the amount of polish on the surface, the more the incident light beam is reflected to the photoelectric detector mounted at a complimentary angle of 45°. The enamel glaze rating is compared to that of a white Carrara marble standard. Let the reflectance of white Carrara marble be 100.
On the other hand, the non-reflectance in total darkness is assumed to be 0. The average polish rating observed for the baseline acid-clouded teeth is 18. This chewing device can also be used to evaluate the abrasive effectiveness of chewing gum. For polishing tests, use a smooth flattened enamel piece placed in a wood metal support. The surface of each specimen is finely scratched and a lateral image of the initial surface is then obtained using a profilometer.
Measured using. The test tooth samples were then treated by chewing with the test chewing gum a predetermined number of times. After treatment, another surface side view was measured for each sample. By comparing the abrasion depth in the lateral view before and after the procedure,
The amount and depth of polished enamel can be calculated. Using the method described above, enamel polish ratings were determined for various commercially available chewing gums containing calcium carbonate or talc as filler components in the gum base. The gloss ratings of these commercially available gums are shown in Table 2 below. The results in Table 2 demonstrate that commercially available chewing gum is largely ineffective in brightening tooth enamel.

Table: Shine ratings were also determined for a number of gums containing calcined kaolin particles at various concentrations in the chewing gum, either as a filler ingredient or as an add-on ingredient. Furthermore, 3% adipic acid was added to a specific test chewing gum and its gloss rating was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
Shown below. As is clear from the data in Table 3, a slightly better polishing effect is obtained when calcined kaolin particles are blended as an add-on component, and the polishing score also increases as the kaolin concentration increases. The most dramatic increase in polish rating was for the sample containing adipic acid with calcined kaolin.

[Table] A series of studies were conducted to determine the effect of varying the concentration of acid components. Table 4 below shows the gloss ratings of a series of calcined kaolin-containing gums with varying adipic acid content between 0 and 3%. As is evident from the data in Table 4, the enamel polish rating doubled as the concentration of adipic acid was progressively increased to about 3%.

[Table] <Footnotes>

Table 5 shows comparative acid concentration data for lactic acid. As the amount of lactic acid in the calcined kaolin-containing gum increased, there was a corresponding increase in the enamel polish rating.
However, when the concentration exceeded 3% (PH2.6), the enamel gloss rating decreased significantly because tooth enamel was clouded by the acid.

TABLE Table 6 shows acid concentration data for phosphoric acid.
As before, as the amount of acid increases, the enamel polish rating also increases. Phosphoric acid concentration is 0.357%
However, the enamel polish score hardly decreased. This indicates that higher concentrations of acid can be used without causing deleterious mineral loss of the tooth.

[Table] Other acids were similarly tested for their ability to enhance the enamel polishing effect of calcined kaolin gum. Table 7 shows citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and lactic acid.
% of a series of calcined kaolin-containing gums. Table 8 shows similar data for inorganic acids at 3M concentrations. In all cases,
The gloss rating was higher than the acid-free gum. However, fumaric acid gave the lowest results among the acid-containing gums due to its low solubility. Similarly, boric acid, a very weak acid, also had the lowest polish rating.

【table】

【table】

Table: Tests were also conducted to show that mixtures of acids that yield aqueous PH values within the range of about 2.6 to 3.3 can also be used to achieve high enamel polishing capabilities.
The results are shown in Table 9 below.

[Table] The effect of kaolin firing temperature was similarly evaluated.
A series of chewing gums containing kaolin calcined at various temperatures were prepared and evaluated for polishing effect according to the method described above. Enamel polish ratings are shown in Table 10 below.

[Table] Chewing gum that was not baked and containing an acid source had almost no difference in glossing effect from conventional chewing gum. Only slight improvements were seen for kaolin calcined at 900°C. However, when the firing temperature was 1000°C or higher, a remarkable enamel polishing effect was obtained. Even if the firing temperature exceeds 1100℃,
The enamel polishing effect was only slightly improved. The effect of firing temperature on polishing was studied as well. Enamel and dentin polishing scores were measured by the American Dental Association toothbrush polishing method. These data are shown in Table 11 below. For comparison,
Data for calcium pyrophosphate are also shown. Calcium pyrophosphate is a standard dental abrasive according to the method described above.

【table】

[Table] <Footnotes>
* Intermediate particle size: 0.6μm
※※ Median value ± standard value, n = 8.
The data in Table 11 illustrates that kaolin particles calcined at temperatures within the range of about 1000-1100°C have dentin and enamel polishing ratings comparable to standard calcium pyrophosphate polishes. It was also confirmed that kaolin particles calcined at temperatures within this range are preferable for the present invention. As shown in Table 11, as the firing temperature increases, the abrasiveness also increases, so high temperatures of 1100° C. or higher should be avoided. A further study was conducted to determine the effect of calcined kaolin particle size on the enamel polish produced by the chewing gum of the present invention. 0.2μm
A series of chewing gum samples with calcined kaolin particles with an intermediate particle size of ~9.5 μm and an acid source were produced. Then, the enamel polish rating was determined according to the method described above. The data presented in Table 12 below demonstrates that as the particle size increases, the polishing effect also increases.

【table】

[Table] Particles with a large intermediate particle size seem to have a slightly better polishing effect, but particles with a large intermediate particle size pose a risk of excessive polishing and scratching. This fact is supported by the data shown in Table 13 below.

TABLE The data in Table 13 demonstrate that harmful abrasion can occur when calcined kaolin particles having an intermediate particle size greater than about 2.0 μm are used. According to the invention, the calcined kaolin of the largest intermediate particle size that can be used without harmful abrasiveness must be used in such a manner that maximum cleaning as well as polishing of the enamel is achieved. The abrasive data shown in Tables 11 and 13 were obtained using the American Dental Association Toothbrush Abrasiveness Test Method, which consists of brushing radioactive enamel and dentin specimens with a slurry of an abrasive. In order to more accurately evaluate the polishing effect of the chewing gum according to the present invention, further polishing studies were conducted using the chewing device described above. In this way, the following was demonstrated. That is, neither the acidified calcined kaolin-containing chewing gum nor the commercially available conventional control chewing gum significantly removed tooth surface enamel after 2000 chews. These data are shown in Table 14 below.

Table: Calcined kaolin and acid-containing chewing gums according to the invention were prepared using a variety of different chewing gum bases and bubble gum bases. The enamel polishing effect of the test gums was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 15 below. According to the invention, in order to obtain the desired high polishing effect, it is essential to use an acid source in the gum, so that gum bases containing calcium carbonate fillers cannot be used.
Calcium carbonate-containing gum will fall apart if you try to chew it because the calcium carbonate reacts with acid. Therefore, it prevents the polishing effect as shown by the data in Table 15 below. However, when a gum base containing talc as a filler was used, chewing gums were obtained which exhibited very good enamel polishing effects.

Table: In addition to the above-described in vitro laboratory studies demonstrating the features of the present invention, human clinical studies were also conducted to determine the ability of the chewing gum of the present invention to remove cane from teeth. Before conducting the evaluation test, 16 male children between the ages of 8 and 14 were instructed not to brush their teeth for 24 hours in order to allow the accumulation of frag on their teeth. after that,
Each subject's initial baseline dental scar score was determined. Three drops of 0.75% fluorescein revealing agent were placed under the subject's tongue and the subject was instructed to spread the coloring agent over all of the teeth with the tongue, thereby raising the canopy. Subjects were then given 1/2 ounce of distilled water and instructed to rinse their mouth with it and spit it out.
In this way, any excess amount of blemish-revealing solution was removed. Subsequently, the amount of canker on the intraoral (or labial) and tongue surfaces of all teeth was scored using the Quigley-Hein scoring index. In order to be able to visualize the exposed teeth, it is necessary to use a particularly narrow band white light energy beam (Plak-Lite) to illuminate the inside of the mouth. This white light causes the bright yellow color of fluorescein to radiate from all the canals on the tooth surface. After scoring the initial amount of tooth loss, subjects were randomly assigned to 2
Divided into two groups. One group received a gum containing 9.5% calcined kaolin (3.0% filler, 6.5% add-on) and 0.8% lactic acid, and the other group received a control containing no calcined kaolin or acid. Gave him gum. After allowing the child to chew the gum under supervision for 15 minutes, the amount of tooth loss was measured again using the method described above. The amount of tooth whiskers removed was determined by comparing the initial amount of tooth whiskers with the final test amount. The removal effect was expressed as a percentage of the amount of tooth whiskers removed. Separate whisker reduction scores were calculated for all teeth and posterior teeth. Matsushido-pairs to determine the significance of the results.
(matched-pair) statistical analysis was performed. The results shown in Table 16 show that the control chewing gum without calcined kaolin was unable to remove the cane from the teeth, whereas the chewing gum containing kaolin and acid removed the cane after being chewed for 15 minutes. It has been demonstrated that 8.2% of
Considering only the rear tooth row where chewing gum is mainly made easier to masticate, in the case of burnt kaolin gum, the reduction rate of tooth loss was 12.4%. Both tooth whisker reduction rates were statistically significant. Therefore,
This study demonstrated that a 3.0 g piece of acid-containing calcined kaolin gum was able to remove canals from tooth surfaces, particularly in the posterior dentition region of the mouth.

[Table] Ngam

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A chewing gum capable of cleaning teeth and polishing teeth to a high degree, the chewing gum comprising: (a) chewing gum base; (b) deionized water. (c ) from about 1% to 50%, based on the total weight of the gum, of calcined carrion particles; the average diameter of the carrion particles being about 2 micrometers (μm) or less, with almost all of the carrion particles having a diameter of Chewing gum characterized in that it is less than about 20 micrometers (μm). 2. The chewing gum according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the carrion particles are incorporated into the chewing gum as an add-on component. 3. Chewing gum according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the carrion particles are incorporated into the chewing gum as a filler component. 4. The chewing gum according to claim 1, wherein most of the acidophilic components are excluded from the gum. 5. Chewing gum according to claim 1, wherein the carrion particles are baked at a temperature within the range of about 1000-1100°C. 6. The chewing gum of claim 1, wherein the calcined carrion particles are incorporated in an amount of about 5 to 15% based on the total weight of the gum. 7 Non-toxic acid sources include citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid,
selected from the group consisting of malic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, glycolic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof The chewing gum according to claim 1, which is a chewing gum. 8. Chewing gum according to claim 1, wherein the non-toxic acid source is a mixture of glycolic acid and phosphoric acid.