JPS6363296B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6363296B2 JPS6363296B2 JP54501156A JP50115679A JPS6363296B2 JP S6363296 B2 JPS6363296 B2 JP S6363296B2 JP 54501156 A JP54501156 A JP 54501156A JP 50115679 A JP50115679 A JP 50115679A JP S6363296 B2 JPS6363296 B2 JP S6363296B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- mold
- shell
- binder
- refractory
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyoxychloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006853 Ziegler synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/165—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents in the manufacture of multilayered shell moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Description
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
ïŒ ïœ é³é ããèŠçŽ ã®æ¶èããŠãããååãäœ
ãã ïœ æ¶èããŠãããååãèç«æãšãã€ã³ããŒãš
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠè©²ååäžã«æ¹¿ã€ã被è
ã圢æãã ïœ è©²æ¹¿ã€ã被èã®äžã«ç²å€§ãªèç«æç²æ«ããµã
ããã ïœ è©²æ¹¿ã€ã被èã也ç¥ãã ïœ å·¥çšïœãïœåã³ïœãå埩ããããã«ãã€ãŠã·
ãšã«åãæãåãã«ãã ïœ æ¶èããŠãããååã該ã·ãšã«åããåãé€
ãããããŠ ïœ ã·ãšã«åãçŒæãã ããšããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãå·¥çšã«ããã·ãšã«åã®è£œé
æ³ã«ãããŠã 該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯å®è³ªçã«éç¹ç¶è³ªã®ç圢ã¢ã«ã
ã¢ãŒã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããª
ãã 該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ã·ãªã«ãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãã 該ã¹ã©ãªãŒã®é žåºŠã¯ã²ã«åãé²ãã®ã«ååã§ã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããã·ãšã«åã®è£œé æ³ã ïŒ è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã®PHã¯çŽ2.7ã5.4ã§ããè«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã®PHã¯çŽ3.6ã4.4ã§ããè«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã®ãã€ã³ããŒã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯ééåºæºã§
ïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã¯ç³è±ãè解ã·ãªã«ãåææ¶ãžã«ã³ã
ã¢ãå®å®åããé»æ°è解ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãã ã©ã€ãã
ã¢ã«ããã·ãªã±ãŒãé¡ãçŒæã¢ã«ãããè解ã¢ã«
ãããã»ãªã¢ãŸãã¯ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®
以äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ããããžã«ã³ãã¢ãŸãã¯ã€ãã
ãªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒ
ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯èç«æã®ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãããªããå
被èã¯è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã§çµåãããŠããããããŠè©²
ã·ãšã«åã¯åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯èç«æã®ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãããªãã該
被èã¯è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã§çµåãããŠããããããŠè©²
ã·ãšã«åã¯åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯ã¢ã«ããã§çµåãããèç«æã®ïŒ
ã€ã®è¢«èãããªãã該ã¢ã«ãããšç°ãªããã€ã³ã
ãŒãçšããè¿œå ã®ã·ãšã«åã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ æ¶èããŠãããååã¯ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ååã§ã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ å·¥çšïœ ã®åŸãæ¶èããŠãããååã該ã·ãš
ã«åããé€å»ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ã
ããåã ïŒïŒ 溶èããåéãã·ãšã«åãžæ³šå ¥ããããšã
ããªãæ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããåçãæããåé
被èã®è£œé æ³ã«ãããŠãã·ãšã«åãšããŠè«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®ã·ãšã«åã䜿çšããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããæ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åéã¯ããã±ã«ããã³ã³ãã«ããªãã³ã«ã
ããŠããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãã¢ã«
ãããŠã ããã¿ã³ãããªããã¢ãªããã³ãççŽ ã
ã±ã€çŽ ããã³ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã€ãããªãŠã ã®ïŒçš®ãŸã
ã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹
æ³ã ïŒïŒ åéã¯ããã±ã«ãŸãã¯ã³ãã«ããšããžã«ã³
ããŠã ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ãã¿ã³ãšãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«ã2000ãã3100ãïŒ1093âã1705âïŒã«å ç±
ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«ã2750ãã3100ãïŒ1510âã1705âïŒã«å ç±
ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ããžã«ã³ãã¢ã
ãã³ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 溶èããåéãã·ãšã«åãžæ³šå ¥ããããšã
ããªãåéã®é³é æ³ã«ãããŠãéç¹ç¶è³ªã®ã¢ã«ã
ãã§çµåããèç«æãããªãè¡šé¢ãæããåãçš
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«é«ãããã枩床ã«äºç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«2000ãã3100ãã«å ç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«2750ãã3100ãã«å ç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ããžã«ã³ãã¢ã
ãã³ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãã€ã³ããŒãšèç«æãšãããªãèç«æ§è¢«è
ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã®å®è³ªçã«éç¹ç¶è³ªã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²
ãããªãã該åæ£æ¶²äžã®é žã®éã¯ã²ã«åãé²ãã®
ã«ååãªéã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèç«æ§è¢«èã®
補é æ³ã ïŒïŒ è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé
ãããèç«æ§è¢«èã æè¡åé æ¬çºæã¯ãèç«æ被èã®è£œé ããšãã«æ¹åæ§ã
ãã€ãåºåããã³åå¿æåãå«æããåéãé³é
ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã·ãšã«åã«é¢ããã èæ¯ã®æè¡ å°ããªè€éãªè¢«èãããšãã°ãã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬ãŒ
ããçŸœæ ¹ãããºã«ããã³å€æ°ã®ä»ã®éšåãäœãã®
ããã®äž»ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãã»ã©ããã¯ã·ãšã«åæ³ã§ã
ããé³é ããéšåã®æ¶èããŠãããååã®ïŒã€ã®
ã°ã«ãŒãã¯ãããšãã°ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã§äœãããããŠ
ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã«çµã¿ç«ãŠãã次ãã§ãã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããåãåºããã
ããŠç²ç²ã®èç«æã湿ã€ãã¹ã©ãªãŒè¢«èäžã«ãµã
ãããåºåãŸãã¯ã硬åãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæ°å
å埩ããŠãååãªåãã®ã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã¯ã¹
ã®ååäžã«ä»çããããåå±€ã«ä¹Ÿç¥ãŸãã¯ååŠç
硬åãå®æœã§ãããæçµåãã«å°éããåŸãã¢ã»
ã³ããªå šäœãã硬åããŸãã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããã次ãã§ã
ã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãããã€ãã®èš±å®¹ã§ããæè¡ã®ïŒã€ã
ããšãã°ãæ°Žèžæ°ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžã§ãŸãã¯åã
å®éã«çŒæããŠãã¯ãã¯ã¹ãèåºããããšã«ãã€
ãŠé€å»ããã次ãã§åãé©åœãªæž©åºŠã«äºç±ããã
ããŠéå±ãåŸãããåã«æ³šå ¥ããã ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ä»£ããã«ãæ¶èããŠãããååã¯ã
ãªã¹ãã¬ã³ããã©ã¹ããã¯å€æ§ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãªã©ãã
圢æã§ããã ãã®ç³»ã«äœ¿çšãããéåžžã®èç«æã¯ãè解ã·ãª
ã«ãçµæ¶æ§ã·ãªã«ãã¢ã«ããã±ã€é žå¡©é¡ããžã«ã³
ã³ããã³ã¢ã«ããã§ããã åŸæ¥ããããã®èç«æç²åã®çµåã¯ããããŠã
å æ°Žå解ããã±ã€é žãšãã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãŸã
ã¯ã·ãªã«ã®ã³ãã€ãç¶æ°Žåæ£æ¶²ã«ããå®æœãããŠ
ããŠãããã·ãšã«åã也ç¥ãããšãã·ãªã«ã¯èç«
æç²åã®ããã®çµåæãšããŠäœçšãããå žåçãª
ã·ãšã«åæ³ã¯ã次ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ã«èšèŒãããŠããïŒ
3165799ã3933190ã3005244ããã³3955616ã ã·ãªã«ã§çµåããã·ãšã«åã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãé³é ã®æ¹
åæ§ããã€ãåºåæè¡ã«ãããŠãšãã«é¡èã§ã
ãã ãã®ãããªæè¡ã¯æ¹åæ§ããã€ãåºåããåç
ïŒgrainaïŒãæããé³é ç©ã補é ããããã«éçº
ãããŠããã瞊æ¹åã®åçãæããã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬
ãŒãã®è£œäœã«ãšãã«å¿çšã§ããããã®ãããªåç
ãæããã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬ãŒãã¯ããã®åçæ§é ã®çµ
æé«æž©ç¹æ§ãæ¹è¯ãããŠããããã®ãããªæ§é ç©
ã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããæè¡ã®ïŒã€ã¯ãVer Snyder
ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±3260505ã«èšèŒãããŠãããé·ããã€
ããããå·åŽé床ã®ãããæ³šå ¥ãããåéã¯ãã
ãçšåºŠæ¯èŒçåå¿æ§ã®æåãå€ãã®å Žåå«æãã
ããšããããé·æéç±ãåã«æŽé²ããããŸãŸã«ã
ããã·ãªã«ã®çµåæãçšãããšããã®ãããªæŽé²
ã¯çµåæãšããçš®ã®åéãšã®åå¿ãçããããæ¯
èŒçå£ã€ãè¡šé¢ãšæ¯èŒçå£ã€ãé«æž©ç¹æ§ãæãã
é³é ç©ãçæããã ããã«ãæ£èŠã®é³é äœæ¥ã«ãããŠéåžž1800ã
ïŒ982âïŒä»è¿ã§ããã»ã©ããã¯ã®åã«åéãæ³šå ¥
ãããšãã枩床ã®åºãäžäžèŽã®ãããåéã¯ã»ãš
ãã©çŽã¡ã«åºåãããããããã¯éåã«é£æ¥ãã
ãšããã§çŽã¡ã«åºåããããã®åºåæ段ã¯çµæ¶ã®
圢æãæå³ããããããé³é ã«ãããã¹ãŠã®æ¹å
ã«ãããŠçãã寞æ³ããã€åçã®é³é ç©ãçã
ããæ¹åæ§ããã€ãåºåã«ãããŠããã®æè¡ã¯çµ
æ¶ã®çé·ããã¬ãŒãã®åºããéå§ããããšã§ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãåçŽã«ãŸãã¯çžŠæ¹åã«çé·ãããŠ
ãã¬ãŒãã®é·ãæ¹åã«é·ãçµæ¶ã圢æããããšã§
ããããããããšæè¯ã®çµæãåŸããããéå±æž©
床ãšå枩床ã®éã®äžäžèŽãå°ãªããªãã°ãªãã»
ã©ããããè¡ãããšãã§ãã確çã¯ãã€ãã倧ã
ããªããçæ³çã«ã¯ãåã¯å°ãªããšãåéã®åºå
ç¹ä»¥äžã§ãã€ãŠãåéãæ³šå ¥ãããšãããããå
è¡šé¢ã«é£æ¥ããŠçŽã¡ã«åºåããªãã§ããã®æå·åŽ
ãæãä»»æã®æ¹åãã調ç¯ã§ããããã«ãã¹ãã§
ããããããã€ãŠãåãæ£èŠã®é³é 枩床ãããé«
ã枩床ã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãåçæ§é ã«ã€ããŠã
ã€ãã調ç¯ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããããã§äžè¬ã«æ
é«ã®äœ¿çšæž©åºŠã¯çŽ2500ãïŒ1371âïŒã§ããããã
以äžã®æž©åºŠã¯ããããçŸåšãµã€ãã«äœ¿çšãããŠã
ãã·ãªã«ã®çµåãè»åããåå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãæªåã
ãã ã·ãªã«åãšã®åå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãå æããããšãã
è©Šã¿ã®ïŒã€ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±3933190ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ãã®ç¹èš±ã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããªãªãã·ã¯ãã©ã€ãã®
ãã€ã³ããŒãã¢ã«ããèç«æãšãã€ããã«äœ¿çšã
ãŠåã圢æããããšã«é¢ãããããããªãããã
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ç匷床ãšé«æž©åŒ·åºŠã«ã²ã
ããã«å£ããããããåè¡šé¢ã«å²ãç®ã圢æãã
ãã€ãã®è¡šé¢ãç Žå£ããªãããã«ããŠãåããã¯
ãã¯ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãå°é£ã§ãããåæ§ã«ãã¢
ã«ãããŠã ããªãªãã·ã¯ãã©ã€ãã¯æ°Žèžæ°ã«å¯æº¶
æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãåããªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžã§è±ã¯ãã¯
ã¹ããããšãäžå¯èœã§ããã ã¢ã«ããã¯å°éã®åå¿æåãå«æããããã±ã«
ããã³ã³ãã«ããåºæãšããã»ãšãã©ã®åéã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠãã·ãªã«ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãæ¯èŒçäžæŽ»æ§ã§ããããš
ãæ°äººã®èŠ³å¯è ã¯ç€ºãããããããŠãå®å šã«æºè¶³
ãã¹ãã¢ã«ããã ãã®ã·ãšã«åã¯é«åºŠã«æãŸããŠ
ããã æºè¶³ãã¹ãã¢ã«ããã ãã®ã·ãšã«åã¯ã¯æ¬çºæ
è ã®1978幎ïŒæ20æ¥ä»ãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬889142
å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããããªããããã®åã¯ã
ããé«äŸ¡ãªæåã§ããç¹ç¶è³ªã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã³ãã€ã
ç¶ã¢ã«ãããçšãããã®ã§ããã 以äžãããæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹è¯ãããé«æž©è
ç«æ被èãæäŸããããšã§ããã ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹è¯ãããé«æž©ã·ãšã«åãæäŸã
ãããšã§ããã ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããé³é ç©ã®
補é ã«äœ¿çšããæ¬è³ªçã«ã¢ã«ããã ãã®ãæ¯èŒç
å®äŸ¡ãªæçµåãæäŸããããšã§ããã ããã«ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãåå¿æ§æåãå«æããåé
ã®ããã®éåå¿æ§åè¡šé¢ãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãããã®ç®çããã³ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãã·ãšã«åãäœ
ãããã®ãã€ã³ããŒãã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ã®éç¹ç¶
質ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããªãããã€ã³ããŒãã·ãª
ã«ãæ¬è³ªçã«å«æããªããæ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠå®çŸã
ããã åèšãã€ã³ããŒã䜿çšããããšã«ãã€ãŠãçã
ãåã¯ããããŠããããç匷床ã瀺ãããªãŒãã¯
ã¬ãŒãäžã®ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ段ã«ããè±ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãä¿
é²ãããããç±³åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬889142å·ã®ç¹ç¶è³ªã®
ã¢ã«ããã·ãšã«åãããå®äŸ¡ã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®åã¯è±ã¯ãã¯ã¹äœæ¥äžååãªåŒ·
ããä¿æããŠåã®å²ããé²ãããããŠååãªåŒ·ã
ããã¡çŽ3100ãïŒ1704âïŒãŸã§ãããšãã°ã2750
ã3100ãïŒ1510ã1704âïŒã®æž©åºŠã«äºç±ã§ããã ããã«ããã¹ãŠãã¢ã«ããã§ããç³»ãæäŸãã
ããšããäºå®ã«ãããåå¿æ§æåãå«æããå
éãããšãã°ãããããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³
ã°ã¹ãã³ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã¿ã³ãããªããã¢ãª
ããã³ãççŽ ãã±ã€çŽ ããã³ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã€ãããª
ãŠã ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãå«æããããã±ã«ã
ãã³ã³ãã«ããåºæãšããåéãããããã®åå¿
æ§ã«ããæªåœ±é¿ãåããªãã§ã泚åã§ããã 詳现ãªèª¬æ ã·ãšã«åã補äœããããã®åºæ¬æ³ã¯ãé³é ãã
èŠçŽ ã®æ¶èããŠãããååãäœããæ¶èããŠãã
ãååãã»ã©ããã¯ç²æ«ãšãã€ã³ããŒãšã®ã¹ã©ãª
ãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠè©²ã¯ãã¯ã¹ååäžã«æ¹¿ã€ã被èã
圢æãã該湿ã€ã被èã®äžã«ç²å€§ãªèç«æç²æ«ã
ãµãããã該湿ã€ã被èã也ç¥ãããããŠæµžæŒ¬ã
ãµãããããã³ä¹Ÿç¥ãå埩ããããã«ãã€ãŠè©²ã·
ãšã«åãæãåãã«ããæ¶èããŠãããååã該
ã·ãšã«åããåãé€ãããããŠã·ãšã«åãçŒæã
ãããšããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã®ãã€ã³ããŒã¯æ°Žäžã®ã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©
ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ããã¯æ¬è³ªç
ã«ç圢ã®ç²åã§ãããããªãã¡ããã®ã¢ã«ããã¯
éç¹ç¶ã§ãããäž»ãšããŠããŒãã€ãæ§é ããã€ã
èšããŸã§ããªããããã€ã³ããŒã¯ã·ãªã«ãæ¬è³ªç
ã«å«æããªãã§ãåè¿°ã®åå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãåé¿ãã¹
ãã§ããã å žåçãªåæ¥çã«å ¥æã§ããã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã¯ããã€ã©ãã«ãã€ã¢ã»ã³ã«ã瀟
ïŒPhiladelphia QuartzïŒããåæšâDispuralâã
ãã³ã³ãã³ç€ŸïŒConocoïŒããåæšâCatapalâ
ã®ããšã«åŸã補åã§ãããäžè¡šã¯ãããã®ïŒçš®é¡
ã®è£œåã®ç¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠã®å žåçããŒã¿ã§ããïŒ
ãã ïœ æ¶èããŠãããååãèç«æãšãã€ã³ããŒãš
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠè©²ååäžã«æ¹¿ã€ã被è
ã圢æãã ïœ è©²æ¹¿ã€ã被èã®äžã«ç²å€§ãªèç«æç²æ«ããµã
ããã ïœ è©²æ¹¿ã€ã被èã也ç¥ãã ïœ å·¥çšïœãïœåã³ïœãå埩ããããã«ãã€ãŠã·
ãšã«åãæãåãã«ãã ïœ æ¶èããŠãããååã該ã·ãšã«åããåãé€
ãããããŠ ïœ ã·ãšã«åãçŒæãã ããšããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãå·¥çšã«ããã·ãšã«åã®è£œé
æ³ã«ãããŠã 該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯å®è³ªçã«éç¹ç¶è³ªã®ç圢ã¢ã«ã
ã¢ãŒã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããª
ãã 該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ã·ãªã«ãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãã 該ã¹ã©ãªãŒã®é žåºŠã¯ã²ã«åãé²ãã®ã«ååã§ã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããã·ãšã«åã®è£œé æ³ã ïŒ è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã®PHã¯çŽ2.7ã5.4ã§ããè«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã®PHã¯çŽ3.6ã4.4ã§ããè«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã®ãã€ã³ããŒã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ã¯ééåºæºã§
ïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã¯ç³è±ãè解ã·ãªã«ãåææ¶ãžã«ã³ã
ã¢ãå®å®åããé»æ°è解ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãã ã©ã€ãã
ã¢ã«ããã·ãªã±ãŒãé¡ãçŒæã¢ã«ãããè解ã¢ã«
ãããã»ãªã¢ãŸãã¯ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®
以äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ããããžã«ã³ãã¢ãŸãã¯ã€ãã
ãªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒ
ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯èç«æã®ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãããªããå
被èã¯è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã§çµåãããŠããããããŠè©²
ã·ãšã«åã¯åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯èç«æã®ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãããªãã該
被èã¯è©²ãã€ã³ããŒã§çµåãããŠããããããŠè©²
ã·ãšã«åã¯åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã·ãšã«åã¯ã¢ã«ããã§çµåãããèç«æã®ïŒ
ã€ã®è¢«èãããªãã該ã¢ã«ãããšç°ãªããã€ã³ã
ãŒãçšããè¿œå ã®ã·ãšã«åã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æãããŠã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ æ¶èããŠãããååã¯ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ååã§ã
ãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ å·¥çšïœ ã®åŸãæ¶èããŠãããååã該ã·ãš
ã«åããé€å»ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ã
ããåã ïŒïŒ 溶èããåéãã·ãšã«åãžæ³šå ¥ããããšã
ããªãæ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããåçãæããåé
被èã®è£œé æ³ã«ãããŠãã·ãšã«åãšããŠè«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®ã·ãšã«åã䜿çšããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããæ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åéã¯ããã±ã«ããã³ã³ãã«ããªãã³ã«ã
ããŠããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãã¢ã«
ãããŠã ããã¿ã³ãããªããã¢ãªããã³ãççŽ ã
ã±ã€çŽ ããã³ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã€ãããªãŠã ã®ïŒçš®ãŸã
ã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹
æ³ã ïŒïŒ åéã¯ããã±ã«ãŸãã¯ã³ãã«ããšããžã«ã³
ããŠã ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ãã¿ã³ãšãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«ã2000ãã3100ãïŒ1093âã1705âïŒã«å ç±
ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«ã2750ãã3100ãïŒ1510âã1705âïŒã«å ç±
ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ããžã«ã³ãã¢ã
ãã³ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ 溶èããåéãã·ãšã«åãžæ³šå ¥ããããšã
ããªãåéã®é³é æ³ã«ãããŠãéç¹ç¶è³ªã®ã¢ã«ã
ãã§çµåããèç«æãããªãè¡šé¢ãæããåãçš
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«é«ãããã枩床ã«äºç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«2000ãã3100ãã«å ç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ åãããã®äžã«æº¶èããåéã泚ãå ¥ãã
åã«2750ãã3100ãã«å ç±ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ èç«æã¯ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ããžã«ã³ãã¢ã
ãã³ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãããªãè«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ ãã€ã³ããŒãšèç«æãšãããªãèç«æ§è¢«è
ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã該ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã®å®è³ªçã«éç¹ç¶è³ªã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²
ãããªãã該åæ£æ¶²äžã®é žã®éã¯ã²ã«åãé²ãã®
ã«ååãªéã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèç«æ§è¢«èã®
補é æ³ã ïŒïŒ è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé
ãããèç«æ§è¢«èã æè¡åé æ¬çºæã¯ãèç«æ被èã®è£œé ããšãã«æ¹åæ§ã
ãã€ãåºåããã³åå¿æåãå«æããåéãé³é
ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã·ãšã«åã«é¢ããã èæ¯ã®æè¡ å°ããªè€éãªè¢«èãããšãã°ãã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬ãŒ
ããçŸœæ ¹ãããºã«ããã³å€æ°ã®ä»ã®éšåãäœãã®
ããã®äž»ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãã»ã©ããã¯ã·ãšã«åæ³ã§ã
ããé³é ããéšåã®æ¶èããŠãããååã®ïŒã€ã®
ã°ã«ãŒãã¯ãããšãã°ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã§äœãããããŠ
ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã«çµã¿ç«ãŠãã次ãã§ãã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããåãåºããã
ããŠç²ç²ã®èç«æã湿ã€ãã¹ã©ãªãŒè¢«èäžã«ãµã
ãããåºåãŸãã¯ã硬åãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæ°å
å埩ããŠãååãªåãã®ã»ã©ããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã¯ã¹
ã®ååäžã«ä»çããããåå±€ã«ä¹Ÿç¥ãŸãã¯ååŠç
硬åãå®æœã§ãããæçµåãã«å°éããåŸãã¢ã»
ã³ããªå šäœãã硬åããŸãã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããã次ãã§ã
ã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãããã€ãã®èš±å®¹ã§ããæè¡ã®ïŒã€ã
ããšãã°ãæ°Žèžæ°ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžã§ãŸãã¯åã
å®éã«çŒæããŠãã¯ãã¯ã¹ãèåºããããšã«ãã€
ãŠé€å»ããã次ãã§åãé©åœãªæž©åºŠã«äºç±ããã
ããŠéå±ãåŸãããåã«æ³šå ¥ããã ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ä»£ããã«ãæ¶èããŠãããååã¯ã
ãªã¹ãã¬ã³ããã©ã¹ããã¯å€æ§ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãªã©ãã
圢æã§ããã ãã®ç³»ã«äœ¿çšãããéåžžã®èç«æã¯ãè解ã·ãª
ã«ãçµæ¶æ§ã·ãªã«ãã¢ã«ããã±ã€é žå¡©é¡ããžã«ã³
ã³ããã³ã¢ã«ããã§ããã åŸæ¥ããããã®èç«æç²åã®çµåã¯ããããŠã
å æ°Žå解ããã±ã€é žãšãã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãŸã
ã¯ã·ãªã«ã®ã³ãã€ãç¶æ°Žåæ£æ¶²ã«ããå®æœãããŠ
ããŠãããã·ãšã«åã也ç¥ãããšãã·ãªã«ã¯èç«
æç²åã®ããã®çµåæãšããŠäœçšãããå žåçãª
ã·ãšã«åæ³ã¯ã次ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ã«èšèŒãããŠããïŒ
3165799ã3933190ã3005244ããã³3955616ã ã·ãªã«ã§çµåããã·ãšã«åã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãé³é ã®æ¹
åæ§ããã€ãåºåæè¡ã«ãããŠãšãã«é¡èã§ã
ãã ãã®ãããªæè¡ã¯æ¹åæ§ããã€ãåºåããåç
ïŒgrainaïŒãæããé³é ç©ã補é ããããã«éçº
ãããŠããã瞊æ¹åã®åçãæããã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬
ãŒãã®è£œäœã«ãšãã«å¿çšã§ããããã®ãããªåç
ãæããã¿ãŒãã³ãã¬ãŒãã¯ããã®åçæ§é ã®çµ
æé«æž©ç¹æ§ãæ¹è¯ãããŠããããã®ãããªæ§é ç©
ã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããæè¡ã®ïŒã€ã¯ãVer Snyder
ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±3260505ã«èšèŒãããŠãããé·ããã€
ããããå·åŽé床ã®ãããæ³šå ¥ãããåéã¯ãã
ãçšåºŠæ¯èŒçåå¿æ§ã®æåãå€ãã®å Žåå«æãã
ããšããããé·æéç±ãåã«æŽé²ããããŸãŸã«ã
ããã·ãªã«ã®çµåæãçšãããšããã®ãããªæŽé²
ã¯çµåæãšããçš®ã®åéãšã®åå¿ãçããããæ¯
èŒçå£ã€ãè¡šé¢ãšæ¯èŒçå£ã€ãé«æž©ç¹æ§ãæãã
é³é ç©ãçæããã ããã«ãæ£èŠã®é³é äœæ¥ã«ãããŠéåžž1800ã
ïŒ982âïŒä»è¿ã§ããã»ã©ããã¯ã®åã«åéãæ³šå ¥
ãããšãã枩床ã®åºãäžäžèŽã®ãããåéã¯ã»ãš
ãã©çŽã¡ã«åºåãããããããã¯éåã«é£æ¥ãã
ãšããã§çŽã¡ã«åºåããããã®åºåæ段ã¯çµæ¶ã®
圢æãæå³ããããããé³é ã«ãããã¹ãŠã®æ¹å
ã«ãããŠçãã寞æ³ããã€åçã®é³é ç©ãçã
ããæ¹åæ§ããã€ãåºåã«ãããŠããã®æè¡ã¯çµ
æ¶ã®çé·ããã¬ãŒãã®åºããéå§ããããšã§ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãåçŽã«ãŸãã¯çžŠæ¹åã«çé·ãããŠ
ãã¬ãŒãã®é·ãæ¹åã«é·ãçµæ¶ã圢æããããšã§
ããããããããšæè¯ã®çµæãåŸããããéå±æž©
床ãšå枩床ã®éã®äžäžèŽãå°ãªããªãã°ãªãã»
ã©ããããè¡ãããšãã§ãã確çã¯ãã€ãã倧ã
ããªããçæ³çã«ã¯ãåã¯å°ãªããšãåéã®åºå
ç¹ä»¥äžã§ãã€ãŠãåéãæ³šå ¥ãããšãããããå
è¡šé¢ã«é£æ¥ããŠçŽã¡ã«åºåããªãã§ããã®æå·åŽ
ãæãä»»æã®æ¹åãã調ç¯ã§ããããã«ãã¹ãã§
ããããããã€ãŠãåãæ£èŠã®é³é 枩床ãããé«
ã枩床ã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãåçæ§é ã«ã€ããŠã
ã€ãã調ç¯ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããããã§äžè¬ã«æ
é«ã®äœ¿çšæž©åºŠã¯çŽ2500ãïŒ1371âïŒã§ããããã
以äžã®æž©åºŠã¯ããããçŸåšãµã€ãã«äœ¿çšãããŠã
ãã·ãªã«ã®çµåãè»åããåå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãæªåã
ãã ã·ãªã«åãšã®åå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãå æããããšãã
è©Šã¿ã®ïŒã€ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±3933190ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ãã®ç¹èš±ã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããªãªãã·ã¯ãã©ã€ãã®
ãã€ã³ããŒãã¢ã«ããèç«æãšãã€ããã«äœ¿çšã
ãŠåã圢æããããšã«é¢ãããããããªãããã
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã€ã³ããŒã¯ç匷床ãšé«æž©åŒ·åºŠã«ã²ã
ããã«å£ããããããåè¡šé¢ã«å²ãç®ã圢æãã
ãã€ãã®è¡šé¢ãç Žå£ããªãããã«ããŠãåããã¯
ãã¯ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãå°é£ã§ãããåæ§ã«ãã¢
ã«ãããŠã ããªãªãã·ã¯ãã©ã€ãã¯æ°Žèžæ°ã«å¯æº¶
æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãåããªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžã§è±ã¯ãã¯
ã¹ããããšãäžå¯èœã§ããã ã¢ã«ããã¯å°éã®åå¿æåãå«æããããã±ã«
ããã³ã³ãã«ããåºæãšããã»ãšãã©ã®åéã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠãã·ãªã«ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãæ¯èŒçäžæŽ»æ§ã§ããããš
ãæ°äººã®èŠ³å¯è ã¯ç€ºãããããããŠãå®å šã«æºè¶³
ãã¹ãã¢ã«ããã ãã®ã·ãšã«åã¯é«åºŠã«æãŸããŠ
ããã æºè¶³ãã¹ãã¢ã«ããã ãã®ã·ãšã«åã¯ã¯æ¬çºæ
è ã®1978幎ïŒæ20æ¥ä»ãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬889142
å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããããªããããã®åã¯ã
ããé«äŸ¡ãªæåã§ããç¹ç¶è³ªã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã³ãã€ã
ç¶ã¢ã«ãããçšãããã®ã§ããã 以äžãããæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹è¯ãããé«æž©è
ç«æ被èãæäŸããããšã§ããã ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹è¯ãããé«æž©ã·ãšã«åãæäŸã
ãããšã§ããã ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãæ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããé³é ç©ã®
補é ã«äœ¿çšããæ¬è³ªçã«ã¢ã«ããã ãã®ãæ¯èŒç
å®äŸ¡ãªæçµåãæäŸããããšã§ããã ããã«ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãåå¿æ§æåãå«æããåé
ã®ããã®éåå¿æ§åè¡šé¢ãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãããã®ç®çããã³ä»ã®ç®çã¯ãã·ãšã«åãäœ
ãããã®ãã€ã³ããŒãã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ã®éç¹ç¶
質ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããªãããã€ã³ããŒãã·ãª
ã«ãæ¬è³ªçã«å«æããªããæ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠå®çŸã
ããã åèšãã€ã³ããŒã䜿çšããããšã«ãã€ãŠãçã
ãåã¯ããããŠããããç匷床ã瀺ãããªãŒãã¯
ã¬ãŒãäžã®ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ段ã«ããè±ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãä¿
é²ãããããç±³åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬889142å·ã®ç¹ç¶è³ªã®
ã¢ã«ããã·ãšã«åãããå®äŸ¡ã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®åã¯è±ã¯ãã¯ã¹äœæ¥äžååãªåŒ·
ããä¿æããŠåã®å²ããé²ãããããŠååãªåŒ·ã
ããã¡çŽ3100ãïŒ1704âïŒãŸã§ãããšãã°ã2750
ã3100ãïŒ1510ã1704âïŒã®æž©åºŠã«äºç±ã§ããã ããã«ããã¹ãŠãã¢ã«ããã§ããç³»ãæäŸãã
ããšããäºå®ã«ãããåå¿æ§æåãå«æããå
éãããšãã°ãããããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãã¿ã³
ã°ã¹ãã³ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã¿ã³ãããªããã¢ãª
ããã³ãççŽ ãã±ã€çŽ ããã³ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã€ãããª
ãŠã ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãå«æããããã±ã«ã
ãã³ã³ãã«ããåºæãšããåéãããããã®åå¿
æ§ã«ããæªåœ±é¿ãåããªãã§ã泚åã§ããã 詳现ãªèª¬æ ã·ãšã«åã補äœããããã®åºæ¬æ³ã¯ãé³é ãã
èŠçŽ ã®æ¶èããŠãããååãäœããæ¶èããŠãã
ãååãã»ã©ããã¯ç²æ«ãšãã€ã³ããŒãšã®ã¹ã©ãª
ãŒäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠè©²ã¯ãã¯ã¹ååäžã«æ¹¿ã€ã被èã
圢æãã該湿ã€ã被èã®äžã«ç²å€§ãªèç«æç²æ«ã
ãµãããã該湿ã€ã被èã也ç¥ãããããŠæµžæŒ¬ã
ãµãããããã³ä¹Ÿç¥ãå埩ããããã«ãã€ãŠè©²ã·
ãšã«åãæãåãã«ããæ¶èããŠãããååã該
ã·ãšã«åããåãé€ãããããŠã·ãšã«åãçŒæã
ãããšããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã®ãã€ã³ããŒã¯æ°Žäžã®ã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©
ã®æ°Žæ§é žæ§åæ£æ¶²ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ããã¯æ¬è³ªç
ã«ç圢ã®ç²åã§ãããããªãã¡ããã®ã¢ã«ããã¯
éç¹ç¶ã§ãããäž»ãšããŠããŒãã€ãæ§é ããã€ã
èšããŸã§ããªããããã€ã³ããŒã¯ã·ãªã«ãæ¬è³ªç
ã«å«æããªãã§ãåè¿°ã®åå¿æ§ã®åé¡ãåé¿ãã¹
ãã§ããã å žåçãªåæ¥çã«å ¥æã§ããã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã¯ããã€ã©ãã«ãã€ã¢ã»ã³ã«ã瀟
ïŒPhiladelphia QuartzïŒããåæšâDispuralâã
ãã³ã³ãã³ç€ŸïŒConocoïŒããåæšâCatapalâ
ã®ããšã«åŸã補åã§ãããäžè¡šã¯ãããã®ïŒçš®é¡
ã®è£œåã®ç¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠã®å žåçããŒã¿ã§ããïŒ
ãè¡šã
çŽ
ãè¡šã
ãããã®ææã®ããã€ãã¯ããŒã°ã©ãŒåå¿ã
ããããšãã°ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã䜿çšã
ãŠé«ååéããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãçæãã
ãããé žåããŠã¢ã«ãããŠã ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ããçæ
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããã次ãã§ããããæ°Žã§
å æ°Žå解ããŠã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ãçæãããå€å
ãã埮éã®é žãããšãã°ãç¡«é žãååšãããããš
ãã§ããã äžã®ã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ã¯æ®éã®PHç¯å²ã®å€éšã§ã²
ã«åããåŸåã瀺ãããããã€ãŠPHãæ£ç¢ºã«ã³ã³
ãããŒã«ããéçãããªãã¡ã2.7ã5.4ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯3.6ã4.4ã®ç¯å²å ã«ç¶æããããšãéèŠã§ã
ãã PHãäžã®ç¯å²å ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããªããšãã¢ã«
ãããã·ãšã«åã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠäœ¿çšããå Ž
åã䜿çšããèç«æã¯å°éã®äžçŽç©ãããšãã°ã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªãå«æããã®ã§ãé倧ãªåé¡ãçããã
ããŠããã¯åžè²©ã®æ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãããçšãããšãåœãŠ
ã¯ãŸããã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ã®é žåºŠã¯äœ¿çšãã埮ç²æ«
äžã®ãã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªãäžåããããããåæ£æ¶²ã®PH
ã¯å®å®ãªç¯å²ã«ãšã©ãŸãã åæ£æ¶²ãååã«é žæ§ãšããã®ã«çš®ã ã®é žã䜿çš
ã§ããã 䜿çšãã奜ãŸããé žã¯é±é žãããšãã°ãå¡©é žã
ç¡«é žããã³ç¡é žã§ãããã匷ææ©é žãããšãã°ã
ã¢ãã¯ããé ¢é žã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã æ¯èŒçå®å®ãªå žåçãªã³ãã€ãç¶ã¢ã«ãããŸã«
ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±3935023ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã®ãã€
ã³ããŒãçšããåŸæ¥ã®ç 究ã¯ãæ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãããšæ··
åãããšãæ¯èŒçäžå®å®ãªã¹ã©ãªãŒãçæããã
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯è¢«èãšããŠèª¿è£œããã€æœããããšã
ã§ããããçµå±ã²ã«åããã§ãããããã®ã¹ã©ãª
ãŒã¯ã¢ã«ããèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®ééæ¯ãïŒã
è¶ ãããšããäžè¬ã«äžå®å®ãšãªãã§ãããããã®
ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯æ¿åãšãªãã挞é²çã«ãããœãããŒã
æ§ãšãªãããããŠèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®æ¯ãïŒã
ã3.75ã«å¢å ãããšçµå±ã²ã«ã®ããã«ãªãã§ãã
ãã ããããŠæ¬çºæã¯ãå®éçãªèŠ³ç¹ããããããŠ
ããããå質ã®ã·ãšã«åã補é ããã®ã«ååã«å®
å®ã§ããã¹ã©ãªãŒã補é ããæ段ãæäŸããã ã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ãé©åãªé žæ§ææããã§ã«å«
æããå Žåããããåãªãæ°Žã«åæ£ã§ãããããŠ
ããã¯ååãªè²¯èµå¯¿åœããã€é©åãªã¹ã©ãªãŒã補
é ããã®ã«ååã«å®å®ã§ããããšãã§ããããã®
ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯ããã«é žã§å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠå€æ§ã§ããã åæ£æ¶²ã也ç¥ãå ç±ãããšãã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ããã«å€ããã次ã
ã§ã¬ã³ããŒã¢ã«ããã«å€ããã çš®ã ã®èç«æããåè¿°ã®ããã«ãç¹å®ã®çšéã«
å¿ããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ããªãã¡ãããšãã°ãæçšãªèç«æã¯ãç³è±ã
è解ã·ãªã«ãåææ¶ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãå®å®åããé»æ°
è解ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãã ã©ã€ããã¢ã«ããã±ã€é žå¡©
é¡ãçŒæã¢ã«ãããè解ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ãŸãã¯
ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãå å«ããã ããçš®ã®èç«æãããšãã°ãè解ã·ãªã«ã¯ãä»
ã®èç«æã®ããã«å€ãã®é žã䜿çšããããšãå¿ èŠ
ãšããªãã æ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããé³é ç©ã®å Žåãã¢ã«ã
ãããªãã¡éåå¿æ§èç«æãæããã䜿çšããã
é©åœãªã¢ã«ããèç«æã®äŸã¯ãè解ã¢ã«ãã
ïŒNorton Grade38ïŒããŸãã¯æ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãã
ïŒAlcoa Grade â61ïŒã§ãããéåžžã«é«ãè»
å枩床ããã€å®å®åãããžã«ã³ãã¢ãé«æž©åæ§é
ç©ã«äœ¿çšã§ããããŸããåå¿æ§éå±ã«å¯ŸããŠã²ã
ããã«äœãåå¿æ§ããã€ã€ãããªã¢ããã¢ã«ãã
ãŸã«ã§çµåããåè¡šé¢ã®ããã«æãŸããã ã¢ã«ãããŸã«ã§çµåãã被èã®æ°ãç¹å®ã®çšé
ã®èŠæ±ã«å¿ããŠå€åãããã ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢åŠçã¯ãã®ãŸã«ç³»ã«ç¡¬åã®ããã«äœ¿
çšããŠããããªããŠããããããã¯äžè¬ã«äžå¿ èŠ
ã§ããããæããªãã°äœ¿çšã§ãããããã«é¢ã
ãŠãå被èŠåŸã®ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢èžæ°ãçšããã¢ã«ãã
ãŸã«ã®åŠçã¯ãã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ãããã«äžæº¶åã
ãäœçšããããã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢èžæ°ãžã®æŽé²ã¯ã¢ã«ã
ããŸã«ã®PHãå¢å ããããã«ãã€ãŠå®å®åç¯å²ã
ãåºããäºåç硬åãèµ·ããããŸãã浞挬åŸã®å®
å šãªã·ãšã«ã®ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ç¡¬åã¯ã·ãšã«å šäœã硬å
ãããèæ°Žæ§ãšãããããšãè¿°ã¹ãã¹ãã§ããã
ãã®åã«ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãªãã§ã¯ã·ãšã«ã¯èæ°Žæ§
ã«å£ãã ããçšéã«å¯ŸããŠãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãŸã«ã§çµåãã
èç«æã®ãããïŒã€ãŸãã¯ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãé©çšãã
次ãã§ç°ãªããã€ã³ããŒãããšãã°ãã³ãã€ãç¶
ã·ãªã«ãŸãã¯å æ°Žå解ããã±ã€é žãšãã«ãå«æã
ãè¿œå ã®ã·ãšã«æ§é ç©ã®åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã§æ®ãã®
被èãæ§æããããšãæãŸããããšãããã ããã€ãã®ãã€ããåå¿æ§ã®åéã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã
å¿ èŠãªããšã®ãã¹ãŠã¯é³é åè¡šé¢ãåå¿æ§ææã
å«ãŸãªããšããããšã§ããã®ã§ãã¢ã«ãããŸã«ã§
çµåããã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ãã€ãããªã¢ããŸãã¯
ãžã«ã³ãã¢ã®åã®åäžè¢«èã¯ãããŠãã®åå¿æ§å
éã«å¯ŸããŠé©åã§ãããšèããããã次ãã§ãã®
被èåºäœã®åæ§é ç©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®çš®é¡ã®ã·ãšã«æ§é
ç©ã§æ¯æã§ãããããã¯ç°ãªãã¿ã€ãã®ãã€ã³ã
ãŒã§äœã€ããã®ãå«ãä»ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã·ãšã«åæ§é
ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æã§ããã å®éã«ã¯ãå®å šã«éåå¿æ§ã®è¡šé¢ãååšããã
ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã䜿çšããããšã«ããã
é³é æ¡ä»¶ãšåå¿æ§éå±ãå«æããåéã«èããã
ä»ã®ãããªãçš®é¡ã®åã®ç³»ã§ãããæ¯æããããš
ãã§ããã ããŠã次ã®å®æœäŸã«ãã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®çš®ã ãªé¢ã
説æããããããã®å®æœäŸã¯ãæ¬çºæãéå®ãã
ãšèããŠã¯ãªããªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãã®å®æœäŸããã³ä»¥äžã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãäžã®
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3935023å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã¿ã€ãã®
ãŸã«ãå©çšããã¹ã©ãªãŒã䜿çšããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3935023å·ã®æ瀺ã«åŸããåºåœ¢åã
25ïŒ ã§ããã60ãïŒ15.6âïŒã«ãããå¯åºŠã1.19
ã§ããUispuralã®åæ£æ¶²ã調補ããããã®ãŸã«
ã¯ãè¡šã«èšèŒããã¹ã©ãªãŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒ
äžã®ãã€ã³ããŒã®ããŒã¹ãšããŠã¯ãããã
ããããšãã°ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã䜿çšã
ãŠé«ååéããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãçæãã
ãããé žåããŠã¢ã«ãããŠã ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ããçæ
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããã次ãã§ããããæ°Žã§
å æ°Žå解ããŠã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ãçæãããå€å
ãã埮éã®é žãããšãã°ãç¡«é žãååšãããããš
ãã§ããã äžã®ã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ã¯æ®éã®PHç¯å²ã®å€éšã§ã²
ã«åããåŸåã瀺ãããããã€ãŠPHãæ£ç¢ºã«ã³ã³
ãããŒã«ããéçãããªãã¡ã2.7ã5.4ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯3.6ã4.4ã®ç¯å²å ã«ç¶æããããšãéèŠã§ã
ãã PHãäžã®ç¯å²å ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããªããšãã¢ã«
ãããã·ãšã«åã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠäœ¿çšããå Ž
åã䜿çšããèç«æã¯å°éã®äžçŽç©ãããšãã°ã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªãå«æããã®ã§ãé倧ãªåé¡ãçããã
ããŠããã¯åžè²©ã®æ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãããçšãããšãåœãŠ
ã¯ãŸããã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ã®é žåºŠã¯äœ¿çšãã埮ç²æ«
äžã®ãã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªãäžåããããããåæ£æ¶²ã®PH
ã¯å®å®ãªç¯å²ã«ãšã©ãŸãã åæ£æ¶²ãååã«é žæ§ãšããã®ã«çš®ã ã®é žã䜿çš
ã§ããã 䜿çšãã奜ãŸããé žã¯é±é žãããšãã°ãå¡©é žã
ç¡«é žããã³ç¡é žã§ãããã匷ææ©é žãããšãã°ã
ã¢ãã¯ããé ¢é žã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã æ¯èŒçå®å®ãªå žåçãªã³ãã€ãç¶ã¢ã«ãããŸã«
ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±3935023ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã®ãã€
ã³ããŒãçšããåŸæ¥ã®ç 究ã¯ãæ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãããšæ··
åãããšãæ¯èŒçäžå®å®ãªã¹ã©ãªãŒãçæããã
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯è¢«èãšããŠèª¿è£œããã€æœããããšã
ã§ããããçµå±ã²ã«åããã§ãããããã®ã¹ã©ãª
ãŒã¯ã¢ã«ããèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®ééæ¯ãïŒã
è¶ ãããšããäžè¬ã«äžå®å®ãšãªãã§ãããããã®
ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯æ¿åãšãªãã挞é²çã«ãããœãããŒã
æ§ãšãªãããããŠèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®æ¯ãïŒã
ã3.75ã«å¢å ãããšçµå±ã²ã«ã®ããã«ãªãã§ãã
ãã ããããŠæ¬çºæã¯ãå®éçãªèŠ³ç¹ããããããŠ
ããããå質ã®ã·ãšã«åã補é ããã®ã«ååã«å®
å®ã§ããã¹ã©ãªãŒã補é ããæ段ãæäŸããã ã¢ã«ããïŒæ°Žåç©ãé©åãªé žæ§ææããã§ã«å«
æããå Žåããããåãªãæ°Žã«åæ£ã§ãããããŠ
ããã¯ååãªè²¯èµå¯¿åœããã€é©åãªã¹ã©ãªãŒã補
é ããã®ã«ååã«å®å®ã§ããããšãã§ããããã®
ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯ããã«é žã§å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠå€æ§ã§ããã åæ£æ¶²ã也ç¥ãå ç±ãããšãã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ã
ãïŒæ°Žåç©ã¯ã¢ã«ãã¢âã¢ã«ããã«å€ããã次ã
ã§ã¬ã³ããŒã¢ã«ããã«å€ããã çš®ã ã®èç«æããåè¿°ã®ããã«ãç¹å®ã®çšéã«
å¿ããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ããªãã¡ãããšãã°ãæçšãªèç«æã¯ãç³è±ã
è解ã·ãªã«ãåææ¶ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãå®å®åããé»æ°
è解ãžã«ã³ãã¢ãã ã©ã€ããã¢ã«ããã±ã€é žå¡©
é¡ãçŒæã¢ã«ãããè解ã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ãŸãã¯
ã€ãããªã¢ã®ïŒçš®ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžãå å«ããã ããçš®ã®èç«æãããšãã°ãè解ã·ãªã«ã¯ãä»
ã®èç«æã®ããã«å€ãã®é žã䜿çšããããšãå¿ èŠ
ãšããªãã æ¹åæ§ããã€ãŠåºåããé³é ç©ã®å Žåãã¢ã«ã
ãããªãã¡éåå¿æ§èç«æãæããã䜿çšããã
é©åœãªã¢ã«ããèç«æã®äŸã¯ãè解ã¢ã«ãã
ïŒNorton Grade38ïŒããŸãã¯æ¿ç¶ã¢ã«ãã
ïŒAlcoa Grade â61ïŒã§ãããéåžžã«é«ãè»
å枩床ããã€å®å®åãããžã«ã³ãã¢ãé«æž©åæ§é
ç©ã«äœ¿çšã§ããããŸããåå¿æ§éå±ã«å¯ŸããŠã²ã
ããã«äœãåå¿æ§ããã€ã€ãããªã¢ããã¢ã«ãã
ãŸã«ã§çµåããåè¡šé¢ã®ããã«æãŸããã ã¢ã«ãããŸã«ã§çµåãã被èã®æ°ãç¹å®ã®çšé
ã®èŠæ±ã«å¿ããŠå€åãããã ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢åŠçã¯ãã®ãŸã«ç³»ã«ç¡¬åã®ããã«äœ¿
çšããŠããããªããŠããããããã¯äžè¬ã«äžå¿ èŠ
ã§ããããæããªãã°äœ¿çšã§ãããããã«é¢ã
ãŠãå被èŠåŸã®ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢èžæ°ãçšããã¢ã«ãã
ãŸã«ã®åŠçã¯ãã¢ã«ããåæ£æ¶²ãããã«äžæº¶åã
ãäœçšããããã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢èžæ°ãžã®æŽé²ã¯ã¢ã«ã
ããŸã«ã®PHãå¢å ããããã«ãã€ãŠå®å®åç¯å²ã
ãåºããäºåç硬åãèµ·ããããŸãã浞挬åŸã®å®
å šãªã·ãšã«ã®ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ç¡¬åã¯ã·ãšã«å šäœã硬å
ãããèæ°Žæ§ãšãããããšãè¿°ã¹ãã¹ãã§ããã
ãã®åã«ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãªãã§ã¯ã·ãšã«ã¯èæ°Žæ§
ã«å£ãã ããçšéã«å¯ŸããŠãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãŸã«ã§çµåãã
èç«æã®ãããïŒã€ãŸãã¯ïŒã€ã®è¢«èãé©çšãã
次ãã§ç°ãªããã€ã³ããŒãããšãã°ãã³ãã€ãç¶
ã·ãªã«ãŸãã¯å æ°Žå解ããã±ã€é žãšãã«ãå«æã
ãè¿œå ã®ã·ãšã«æ§é ç©ã®åºäœã®åæ§é ç©ã§æ®ãã®
被èãæ§æããããšãæãŸããããšãããã ããã€ãã®ãã€ããåå¿æ§ã®åéã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã
å¿ èŠãªããšã®ãã¹ãŠã¯é³é åè¡šé¢ãåå¿æ§ææã
å«ãŸãªããšããããšã§ããã®ã§ãã¢ã«ãããŸã«ã§
çµåããã¢ã«ãããã»ãªã¢ãã€ãããªã¢ããŸãã¯
ãžã«ã³ãã¢ã®åã®åäžè¢«èã¯ãããŠãã®åå¿æ§å
éã«å¯ŸããŠé©åã§ãããšèããããã次ãã§ãã®
被èåºäœã®åæ§é ç©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®çš®é¡ã®ã·ãšã«æ§é
ç©ã§æ¯æã§ãããããã¯ç°ãªãã¿ã€ãã®ãã€ã³ã
ãŒã§äœã€ããã®ãå«ãä»ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã·ãšã«åæ§é
ç©ã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æã§ããã å®éã«ã¯ãå®å šã«éåå¿æ§ã®è¡šé¢ãååšããã
ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã䜿çšããããšã«ããã
é³é æ¡ä»¶ãšåå¿æ§éå±ãå«æããåéã«èããã
ä»ã®ãããªãçš®é¡ã®åã®ç³»ã§ãããæ¯æããããš
ãã§ããã ããŠã次ã®å®æœäŸã«ãã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®çš®ã ãªé¢ã
説æããããããã®å®æœäŸã¯ãæ¬çºæãéå®ãã
ãšèããŠã¯ãªããªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãã®å®æœäŸããã³ä»¥äžã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãäžã®
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3935023å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã¿ã€ãã®
ãŸã«ãå©çšããã¹ã©ãªãŒã䜿çšããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3935023å·ã®æ瀺ã«åŸããåºåœ¢åã
25ïŒ ã§ããã60ãïŒ15.6âïŒã«ãããå¯åºŠã1.19
ã§ããUispuralã®åæ£æ¶²ã調補ããããã®ãŸã«
ã¯ãè¡šã«èšèŒããã¹ã©ãªãŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒ
äžã®ãã€ã³ããŒã®ããŒã¹ãšããŠã¯ãããã
ãè¡šã
ãããã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒãïŒïŒã¶ãŒã³ïŒZahnïŒã«ã
ãã§æž¬å®ããŠçŽ30ç§ã®ç²åºŠã«èª¿è£œããããã®ç²åºŠ
ã¯33ã35ç§ã®éã«ããã¹ãã§ããã第ïŒåã®æµžæŒ¬
ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã·ãŒãããæ§æããè©Šéšçšå
åã«æœãããã浞挬çŽåŸãå ¬ç§°70ã°ã¬ã€ã³ãµã€ãº
ã®ç²å€§è解ã¢ã«ããã湿ã€ãååã®äžã«ãµããã
ããããã次ãã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããããã°ããããŠã¹ã©ãª
ãŒã®ç²åºŠããã¢ã«ãããã€ã³ããŒæº¶æ¶²ãããã«æ·»
å ããŠãçŽ15ç§ïŒïŒïŒã¶ãŒã³ã«ããã«æžå°ããã
瀺ãã也ç¥æéã®çµãã«ãããŠãååãåã³æµžæŒ¬
ããé©åœãªã¹ã¿ãã³ïŒstuccoïŒã°ã¬ã€ã³ããµãã
ãããè¡šåç §ã
ãã§æž¬å®ããŠçŽ30ç§ã®ç²åºŠã«èª¿è£œããããã®ç²åºŠ
ã¯33ã35ç§ã®éã«ããã¹ãã§ããã第ïŒåã®æµžæŒ¬
ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã·ãŒãããæ§æããè©Šéšçšå
åã«æœãããã浞挬çŽåŸãå ¬ç§°70ã°ã¬ã€ã³ãµã€ãº
ã®ç²å€§è解ã¢ã«ããã湿ã€ãååã®äžã«ãµããã
ããããã次ãã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããããã°ããããŠã¹ã©ãª
ãŒã®ç²åºŠããã¢ã«ãããã€ã³ããŒæº¶æ¶²ãããã«æ·»
å ããŠãçŽ15ç§ïŒïŒïŒã¶ãŒã³ã«ããã«æžå°ããã
瀺ãã也ç¥æéã®çµãã«ãããŠãååãåã³æµžæŒ¬
ããé©åœãªã¹ã¿ãã³ïŒstuccoïŒã°ã¬ã€ã³ããµãã
ãããè¡šåç §ã
ãè¡šã
ããã也ç¥ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒçªç®ã®è¢«èãæœ
ãããããŸã§ç¶ãã第ïŒçªç®ã®è¢«èã¯ç²å€§èç«æ
ã¹ã¿ãã³ãåãåããªãã€ãã次ãã§æçµã®æµžæŒ¬
ããååã宀枩ã§å®å šã«ä¹Ÿç¥ããã次ãã§ãã¯ã
ã¯ã¹ã溶åºãããããçŽ110âã®äœã枩床ã®çã
çšããã 浞挬æéã¯è¡šã«èŠçŽããã
ãããããŸã§ç¶ãã第ïŒçªç®ã®è¢«èã¯ç²å€§èç«æ
ã¹ã¿ãã³ãåãåããªãã€ãã次ãã§æçµã®æµžæŒ¬
ããååã宀枩ã§å®å šã«ä¹Ÿç¥ããã次ãã§ãã¯ã
ã¯ã¹ã溶åºãããããçŽ110âã®äœã枩床ã®çã
çšããã 浞挬æéã¯è¡šã«èŠçŽããã
ãè¡šã
次ãã§ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã·ãŒãã®ååŽé¢ã®å¹³ããªã·ãšã«
è©Šæãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ãããã§å¹ ïŒã»ã³ã
ïŒ2.54cmïŒãé·ã2.5ã€ã³ãïŒ6.35cmïŒã®è©Šéšè©Šæã«
åæãããããããæšªè£ å¡«æ©ïŒTransverse
loadingmachineïŒã§ç Žå£åŒ·ãã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšããã
ããã€ãã®è©Šæãç Žå£ããŠã宀枩ã®å¹³åç Žå£ä¿æ°
å€ãåŸãã次ãã§è¿œå ã®è©ŠæãïŒæé以å ã®ããª
ãæ¥éã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«åŸãé«æž©çå ã§å€åãã枩床
ã«çŒæããæé«æž©åºŠã§ïŒæéãœãŒãã³ã°ãã次ã
ã§çå ã§å®€æž©ã«å·åŽããã次ãã§è©Šæã宀枩ã§ç Ž
å£åŒ·ãã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšãããåè©Šæã«ã€ããŠå€ãè¡š
ã«å ±åããã
è©Šæãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ãããã§å¹ ïŒã»ã³ã
ïŒ2.54cmïŒãé·ã2.5ã€ã³ãïŒ6.35cmïŒã®è©Šéšè©Šæã«
åæãããããããæšªè£ å¡«æ©ïŒTransverse
loadingmachineïŒã§ç Žå£åŒ·ãã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšããã
ããã€ãã®è©Šæãç Žå£ããŠã宀枩ã®å¹³åç Žå£ä¿æ°
å€ãåŸãã次ãã§è¿œå ã®è©ŠæãïŒæé以å ã®ããª
ãæ¥éã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«åŸãé«æž©çå ã§å€åãã枩床
ã«çŒæããæé«æž©åºŠã§ïŒæéãœãŒãã³ã°ãã次ã
ã§çå ã§å®€æž©ã«å·åŽããã次ãã§è©Šæã宀枩ã§ç Ž
å£åŒ·ãã«ã€ããŠè©Šéšãããåè©Šæã«ã€ããŠå€ãè¡š
ã«å ±åããã
ãè¡šã
ïŒ ç€ºãã枩床ã«çŒæãã宀枩ã«å·åŽããã
ããŠè©Šéšããã
èç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒæ¶²äœã®æ¯ãïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ã
ãæºè¶³ãã¹ãã¹ã©ãªãŒãåŸãåºæ¬çåçã¯ãé žã
ã¹ã©ãªãŒãžæ³šæããã€èŠåæ£ããå ããããšã§ã
ãã å€ãã®å Žåããã¯åãèç«æã®æ·»å åã«ãªãã
ãšãã§ããããä»ã®å Žåé žã®æ·»å ãšèç«æã®æ·»å
ã亀äºããããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããããã¯ã¢ã«ããè
ç«æããã³ããªã埮现ç²æ«ãæãããã®ã«ãšãã«
é¢ä¿ããããã«æããããé©åœã«ãããŸããªãã
é žã泚æããŠå ããããšã«ãããã²ã«åããã«ã
ïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ããèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®æ¯ããã€
æºè¶³ãªç²åºŠã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã調補ã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ æ¯èŒçé žæ§ã®Dispural ããã³Dispural ã®
ïŒã€ã®è©ŠæïŒããŒãã€ãç²æ«ïŒããŸã«ã®èª¿è£œã«ãŸ
ã䜿çšãããå€åä¿æããé žã®ããã®ããããã®
é žæ§ããèŠãŠãæ¬æ¥ã®ååŠåå¿ã«é¢ä¿ããªããš
ãããããããã€ã³ããŒãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããã
ãæ°Žã«å ããèç«æãšäžç·ã«ã¹ã©ãªãŒåããŠã¹ã©
ãªãŒïŒããã³ã¹ã©ãªãŒïŒã調補ãããäžè¡šã«ã¹
ã©ãªãŒã®çµæãèšèŒããã
ããŠè©Šéšããã
èç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒæ¶²äœã®æ¯ãïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ã
ãæºè¶³ãã¹ãã¹ã©ãªãŒãåŸãåºæ¬çåçã¯ãé žã
ã¹ã©ãªãŒãžæ³šæããã€èŠåæ£ããå ããããšã§ã
ãã å€ãã®å Žåããã¯åãèç«æã®æ·»å åã«ãªãã
ãšãã§ããããä»ã®å Žåé žã®æ·»å ãšèç«æã®æ·»å
ã亀äºããããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããããã¯ã¢ã«ããè
ç«æããã³ããªã埮现ç²æ«ãæãããã®ã«ãšãã«
é¢ä¿ããããã«æããããé©åœã«ãããŸããªãã
é žã泚æããŠå ããããšã«ãããã²ã«åããã«ã
ïŒå¯ŸïŒãã倧ããèç«æ察ãã€ã³ããŒã®æ¯ããã€
æºè¶³ãªç²åºŠã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã調補ã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ æ¯èŒçé žæ§ã®Dispural ããã³Dispural ã®
ïŒã€ã®è©ŠæïŒããŒãã€ãç²æ«ïŒããŸã«ã®èª¿è£œã«ãŸ
ã䜿çšãããå€åä¿æããé žã®ããã®ããããã®
é žæ§ããèŠãŠãæ¬æ¥ã®ååŠåå¿ã«é¢ä¿ããªããš
ãããããããã€ã³ããŒãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããã
ãæ°Žã«å ããèç«æãšäžç·ã«ã¹ã©ãªãŒåããŠã¹ã©
ãªãŒïŒããã³ã¹ã©ãªãŒïŒã調補ãããäžè¡šã«ã¹
ã©ãªãŒã®çµæãèšèŒããã
ãè¡šã
ã¹ã¿ãã³è¢«èãäžè¡šã«èšèŒããã
ãè¡šã
ãããã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯å®æœäŸïŒã«ãããããã«èª¿
補ãããç Žå£ä¿æ°å€ãè¡šã«èšèŒããã
補ãããç Žå£ä¿æ°å€ãè¡šã«èšèŒããã
ãè¡šã
ïŒ ç€ºãã枩床ã«çŒæãã宀枩ã«å·åŽããè©Š
éšããã
äžè¡šããã³ã¯ãDispural ããã³
Dispural ã«é¢ããåæã®æ å ±ãé瀺ããã
éšããã
äžè¡šããã³ã¯ãDispural ããã³
Dispural ã«é¢ããåæã®æ å ±ãé瀺ããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
åã¯é¿ããããã
å·¥æ¥çå¿çš æ¬çºæã®ãã€ã³ããŒããã³ããã«ãã€ãŠçµåã
ããèç«æã¯ãã·ãšã«å以å€ã®åºç¯ã®çšéãããš
ãã°ãé«æž©ã«ãããŠãããšã«åå¿æ§ã®æº¶èããé
å±ãšãããšãã°2000ã3100ãïŒ1093ã1704âïŒã®
éã®æž©åºŠã«ãããŠãæ¥è§Šããå Žåãèä¹ æ§ãèŠæ±
ãããä»ã®ã¿ã€ãã®åããã³è£ 眮ã«ã䜿çšããã
ããšãèããããã
å·¥æ¥çå¿çš æ¬çºæã®ãã€ã³ããŒããã³ããã«ãã€ãŠçµåã
ããèç«æã¯ãã·ãšã«å以å€ã®åºç¯ã®çšéãããš
ãã°ãé«æž©ã«ãããŠãããšã«åå¿æ§ã®æº¶èããé
å±ãšãããšãã°2000ã3100ãïŒ1093ã1704âïŒã®
éã®æž©åºŠã«ãããŠãæ¥è§Šããå Žåãèä¹ æ§ãèŠæ±
ãããä»ã®ã¿ã€ãã®åããã³è£ 眮ã«ã䜿çšããã
ããšãèããããã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/921,832 US4216815A (en) | 1978-07-03 | 1978-07-03 | Method of making a ceramic shell mold |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS55500401A JPS55500401A (ja) | 1980-07-03 |
JPS6363296B2 true JPS6363296B2 (ja) | 1988-12-07 |
Family
ID=25446042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP54501156A Expired JPS6363296B2 (ja) | 1978-07-03 | 1979-06-25 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4216815A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0016127B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS6363296B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2965720D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1980000134A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2126569B (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1986-01-15 | Rolls Royce | Non-silica based ceramic cores for castings |
JPS6183445U (ja) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-06-02 | ||
JPS6431549A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1989-02-01 | Morita Mfg | Molding material for precision casting |
US4948765A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-08-14 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Refractory coating for making refractory shells |
US5297615A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-03-29 | Howmet Corporation | Complaint investment casting mold and method |
JPH1052736A (ja) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-24 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ãã¹ãã¯ãã¯ã¹æ³ã«ããäžç©ºé³ç©ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
CN1299850C (zh) * | 2004-05-28 | 2007-02-14 | æ²é³éžé ç 究æ | éçšåé¶ç·å壳éåéç暡粟å¯éžé æ¹æ³ |
RU2499650C1 (ru) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-11-27 | ЀеЎеÑалÑМПе гПÑÑЎаÑÑÑвеММПе бÑЎжеÑМПе ПбÑазПваÑелÑМПе ÑÑÑежЎеМОе вÑÑÑегП пÑПÑеÑÑОПМалÑМПгП ПбÑÐ°Ð·ÐŸÐ²Ð°ÐœÐžÑ "ЮжМП-УÑалÑÑкОй гПÑÑЎаÑÑÑвеММÑй ÑМОвеÑÑОÑеÑ" (МаÑОПМалÑÐœÑй ОÑÑлеЎПваÑелÑÑкОй ÑМОвеÑÑОÑеÑ) (ЀÐÐÐУ ÐÐÐ "ЮУÑÐУ" (ÐÐУ)) | СпПÑПб пÑОгПÑÐŸÐ²Ð»ÐµÐœÐžÑ Ð±ÐµÑкÑеЌМезеЌМПгП ÑвÑзÑÑÑегП ÐŽÐ»Ñ Ð»ÐžÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐŸ вÑплавлÑеЌÑÐŒ ЌПЎелÑÐŒ Ñ ÐžÐŒÐžÑеÑкО акÑОвМÑÑ ÑплавПв |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722577A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1973-03-27 | Mellen E | Expansible shell mold with refractory slip cover and the method of making same |
JPS4837497A (ja) * | 1971-09-13 | 1973-06-02 | ||
US3933190A (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1976-01-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating shell molds for the production of superalloy castings |
US3935023A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1976-01-27 | Philadelphia Quartz Company | Alumina dispersions |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE513113A (ja) * | 1951-09-14 | |||
US3859153A (en) * | 1970-06-25 | 1975-01-07 | Du Pont | Refractory laminate having improved green strength |
US3894572A (en) * | 1971-06-01 | 1975-07-15 | Du Pont | Process for forming a refractory laminate based on positive sols and refractory materials containing chemical setting agents |
US3752689A (en) * | 1971-06-01 | 1973-08-14 | Du Pont | Refractory laminate based on positive sols and organic or inorganic bases |
GB1434370A (en) * | 1973-08-01 | 1976-05-05 | Zirconal Processes Ltd | Ceramic sheel mould |
GB1448398A (en) * | 1974-04-01 | 1976-09-08 | Zirconal Processes Ltd | Moulds for casting metals device for measur9ng |
-
1978
- 1978-07-03 US US05/921,832 patent/US4216815A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1979
- 1979-06-25 DE DE7979900837T patent/DE2965720D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-06-25 JP JP54501156A patent/JPS6363296B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1979-06-25 WO PCT/US1979/000446 patent/WO1980000134A1/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-02-12 EP EP79900837A patent/EP0016127B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722577A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1973-03-27 | Mellen E | Expansible shell mold with refractory slip cover and the method of making same |
JPS4837497A (ja) * | 1971-09-13 | 1973-06-02 | ||
US3935023A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1976-01-27 | Philadelphia Quartz Company | Alumina dispersions |
US3933190A (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1976-01-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating shell molds for the production of superalloy castings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1980000134A1 (en) | 1980-02-07 |
EP0016127A4 (en) | 1980-11-14 |
JPS55500401A (ja) | 1980-07-03 |
EP0016127B1 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
US4216815A (en) | 1980-08-12 |
DE2965720D1 (en) | 1983-07-28 |
EP0016127A1 (en) | 1980-10-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4196769A (en) | Ceramic shell mold | |
US4093017A (en) | Cores for investment casting process | |
US8235092B2 (en) | Insulated investment casting mold and method of making | |
US4664172A (en) | Method for production of investment shell mold for grain-oriented casting of super alloy | |
US4530722A (en) | Binder and refractory compositions and methods | |
US4078029A (en) | Process for preparing mold | |
US3748157A (en) | Refractory laminate based on negative sols or silicates and basic aluminum salts | |
US3860476A (en) | Method of forming refractory laminates | |
US6000457A (en) | Investment casting mold and method of manufacture | |
JPS6363296B2 (ja) | ||
US4602667A (en) | Method for making investment casting molds | |
WO1999041030A1 (en) | Investment casting mold and method of manufacture | |
US3767458A (en) | Particulate refractory material coated with a negative silica sol setting agent | |
WO2005030460A2 (en) | Molding composition and method of use | |
EP0502580A1 (en) | Casting mould | |
KR20030057134A (ko) | ìžëŒë¯¹ ì€ì ì ì¡°ì© ì¬ëŠœ ë° ê·ž ì ì¡°ë°©ë² | |
US4605057A (en) | Process for producing core for casting | |
US4664948A (en) | Method for coating refractory molds | |
US4927673A (en) | Rapid technique for making improved laminar ceramic shell molds using a phosphate modified aluminum salt binder | |
US4624898A (en) | Processes for the application of refractory compositions to surfaces such as for the preparation of refractory shell molds and refractory compositions produced thereby | |
GB1577836A (en) | Calcia ceramic shell mould system | |
GB2155484A (en) | Binder and refractory compositions | |
JP6368596B2 (ja) | 粟å¯é³é é³å補é çšã¹ã©ãªãŒçµæç©åã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
KR100348713B1 (ko) | ì ë°ì£Œì¡°ì© ì룚믞ëê³ ì£Œí ë° ê·ž ì ì¡°ë°©ë² | |
WO1990010608A1 (en) | Refractory coating for making refractory shells |