JPS63502758A - Magnetic processing device and method for magnetic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Magnetic processing device and method for magnetic materials Background of the invention 1. Field to which the invention belongs This invention relates to the processing of materials using magnetic fields.

2. Prior art The effects of magnetization and magnetic fields have been widely applied in various fields.

However, to date, advances have been made in treatments to extend the life of metal parts, including cutting tools, etc. do not have. Stress is generated by various factors such as welding, heat treatment, molding, and polishing. example For example, a sharpened tool has internal stress in the cutting edge, which causes the edge to chip or chip. Let it start. Traditionally, articles have been annealed or other Although some treatments had been applied, they did not involve magnetic fields.

Summary of the invention′ This invention relates to (ferro)magnetic materials such as tool bits or magnetic materials containing the same. By exposing the sexual parts to an open magnetic field for selected time cycles, the stress is distributed and said (ferro)magnetic materials to redistribute and reduce high stress areas and extend life The present invention also relates to an apparatus and method for processing magnetic components including the same.

A magnetic field passing through a material such as a tool results in the removal of stress caused by sharpening. , increases the surface hardness and reduces the coefficient of friction on the so treated surface and improves the elastic constant. increases the number, strength and wear resistance, and in some metals, Wolff Alloying metals such as ram, molybdenum and tungsten are combined with oxygen and carbon. concentrate on the surface.

The device consists of a coil into which the part or material to be treated is inserted and the desired It consists of a controlled power source that creates a magnetic field in a coil to achieve the desired effect.

Magnetic processing of magnetic materials can be applied to small parts, including machine tool blades, even at room temperature. known to affect the mechanical and operational performance of and other products. Ru. Magnetic processing is used as a new and effective method for non-cutting tools. metal The magnetic domain walls in the material act as a barrier to the movement of dislocations within the material.

Rapid fluctuations in magnetic pressure cause movement of magnetic domain walls at room temperature, and Wall sway is caused by a relay race from a locally overstressed area of the component to its adjacent area. The result is a rearrangement of dislocations and microscopic stresses called ay race. Become. Furthermore, this phenomenon causes a more even distribution of internal stress in all parts. let The result of magnetic treatment is partial thermal stress relief, tempering, or aging. It is thought that the result is similar, and furthermore, microscopic stress can also be caused by magnetic treatment. It is.

In general, a suitable program such as a programmed period, which led to the example shown in this application. using a pulsed magnetic field of appropriate period, amplitude, and density. If so, the powder metal materials and metal-containing components before and during green molding. , during and after sintering, during and after heat treatment of sintered parts, of sintered or semi-sintered parts. Treatments during and after the sizing, forging, remolding, and shaping processes reduce internal stress. , which improves molding performance and allows compression of more intricate geometries and denser parts. ), making it possible to reduce springback effects.

Magnetic treatment prior to green molding (e.g. in the pulverization process of metal powder) Improves homogeneity of powders and reduces hardening due to cold working (e.g. after milling) reduce In green moldings of powder materials, magnetic treatment can reduce density non-uniformity. cold work hardening, residual strain, stress non-uniformity and required molding pressure. Reduces contraction force. In sintered parts, magnetic treatment is hardening and residual by cold working. Relieve and redistribute stress.

Effective in green powder compaction by reducing springback effect. prevents the propagation of cracks.

More uniform internal stress distribution in both green moldings and sintered parts As a result, long life and high performance of the parts can be obtained.

In addition, magnetic processing of heat-treated parts, such as machine tool blades and other heat-treated parts, is , exposing a part, such as a tool blade, to an open magnetic field for a selected time cycle. By redistributing stress and reducing stress in high stress areas, parts become more valuable. Extend effective life.

Pulsed magnetic fields are useful for reducing stress on machine tools, such as welding, brazing, and soldering. These treatments can also be used for other stress reduction purposes to reduce distortion in parts subjected to these treatments. It is clear that cracking and/or cracking can be prevented. The magnetic field is before and after bonding, It can be applied in the middle or during all three periods.

Materials that have been magnetically treated prior to welding or other thermal joining operations are Due to the low residual stress, it will have better weldability or bonding performance.

Treatments during welding, brazing, and soldering processes increase the amount of crystal nuclei, Improve the diffusion method, limit grain growth, and relieve stress between joints.

Magnetic treatment after cooling or during the cooling process reduces the level of residual stress in the part let

Mechanical tool treatment helps reduce tool stress, and component treatment can improve mechanical equipment. It becomes more layered. For example, processing of ferrite and similar brittle ferromagnetic materials by magnetic fields. The process is based on the area where the tool enters and exits, i.e. the dynamic input of the grinding tool (dye of ferrite in the region where namic 1nput) is most important. Reduce chipping problems.

Furthermore, even in deep-drawn metals, both the tool and the workpiece contain substantial stress. However, during deep drawing, the magnetic field penetrating the workpiece provides appropriate magnetic processing. This greatly contributes to keeping stress levels low and reducing brittleness, breakage and loss. can.

During machining and/or heat treatment, cooling and other commonly hammered material processing The processing of tools and/or components in It is clear that it can reduce cracking in castings and powder metal materials. It became. Also, when bending, twisting, or reshaping operations, these Similar results can be obtained if done in the presence of the world.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 shows a tray positioned in an induction coil to hold tools according to the invention. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2 of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 in FIG.

Figures 4A-4D illustrate typical electrical voltages that have been found to be effective in the apparatus of this invention. It is a typical time chart of a force cycle.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a modified example of a component holder used in the apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram used to obtain variable power levels and power timing for the apparatus of the present invention. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical control device that can be used.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the SCR power control device used in this invention. Work with typical drill bits in use and around the drill bit and workpiece. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic field therein;

Figure 9 shows how the part can be rotated for machining or grinding during machining. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the magnetism generating means for the parts that are used in the present invention.

Figure 10 shows a separated electromagnet held near its end by the chuck shown. Schematic diagram showing a part rotated between and a grinding wheel positioned for grinding the part. This is the essential diagram.

FIG. 11 shows yet another modification of the magnetic field generating means, illustrating the processing of ring-shaped parts. FIG.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the magnetic processing of tools and parts during deep drawing.

FIG. 13 shows that magnetic generating means are used to treat the wire before and during molding. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a wire die built into a die.

Figure 14 shows powder metal, including before forming and after sintering, such as green forming of parts. The flowchart of the parts processing process is shown in Figure 15, which is an overview of the magnetic processing of large gun barrels. Here is a diagram.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing various magnetic field signals useful for processing according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The material processing apparatus of the present invention is indicated generally at 10 in the accompanying drawings and is The frame 11 is provided with a frame 11 on which a file assembly 12 is mounted. Coil assembly as shown 12 has a central core 14 and end flanges 15. Made of suitable wire, A coil 16 having the required number of turns is wound on the core 14 between the flanges 15. It is.

Coil 16 is coupled to a power supply 20 that provides an inverting DC voltage to a desired level. A current having a frequency of and is applied to this coil via the control device 21. In that case Various parameters can be changed using the control device 21.

The power supply preferably has a 5CR (silicon controlled rectifier) controlled output and A control device that allows the application of power at a frequency, average voltage level and duration of It has a location.

Core 14 has a central hole 25 in which a tool holding drawer 26 is mounted. drawer The coil 26 can have any desired shape and structure, but the magnetic field generated from the coil is generally a non-magnetic material so that the material 30 penetrates the tool or other material 30 It will be. The illustrated tool 30 has been freshly sharpened and has internal stresses. Ru.

The controller 21 applies a power cycle to the coil, thereby causing a magnetic field to penetrate the tool. It operates to generate a field. This magnetic field has a number of cycles, a pause between cycles (if the cycle is repeated for a long time), and the amplitude or strength of the magnetic field ) is used to process tools. The cycle length is usually about 1 5 seconds to 50 seconds, but the waveform during the cycle time may be varied to obtain the desired results. can be made into

Perform experiments on specific tool sizes and materials for typical applications. Can be done.

A typical magnetization cycle is shown in Figures 4A-4D.

In FIG. 4A, the power cycle or magnetic field cycle, designated 40, is Relatively small amplitudes (time to the right on the horizontal axis and voltage levels, i.e. E-IR) The current is shown vertically) and has a relatively high frequency, and the continuous duration is tl. It is. This provides a relatively low level stable magnetization state for the tool being processed.

In Figure 4B, different types of cycles are displayed. The voltage is set as zero at line 41. It is indicated by a vertical scale; cycles below this line indicate that the polarity of the current is reversed. to show that In this case the frequency has been reduced and the first frequency indicated at 42 There are only two half cycles during time t2, and after a pause at time t3, the other An inverted voltage cycle 43 follows.

Finally, if necessary, the third cycle 44 may be identical to the previous cycle 42. Can be done. A rest period t3 is also repeated between cycles 43 and 44.

FIG. 4C shows that when a reversal cycle 46 is used, the A high frequency cycle 45 of cycle time t4 is shown with a longer pause time t5. There is. After an additional pause time t5, a similar cycle 48 is applied.

Figure 4D shows another variant. The power is at a higher frequency as shown at 50. , the duration is tG. Dwelling times are of shorter duration and reflect the magnetic field. The same number of cycles are repeated as shown at 51 and 52 without turning. Ru. Furthermore, time t8 can also be made different from time t7. Also, the applied cycle The time of cycle 51 or 52 can also be different from the time of cycle 50.

Preferably, the drawer or tray 26 is a non-magnetic material, but is not made of a thermally conductive material. It should be noted that Bronze material has been found to be suitable, as shown in Figure 5. The tray 60 is modified to include an opening 61 at one end for receiving a tool 62. can be shaped.

The fixing screw 63 screwed onto the outer end member of the tray is fixed when a magnetic field is applied. , the tool is slightly bent or displaced, as shown exaggeratedly by the dashed line in Figure 5. It is used to securely hold the tool 62 in place so that the

Magnetic deformation of materials in a sufficiently strong magnetic field (bend 1 ng) is known . However, in processing the blade of such a processing tool, as a function of the magnetostrictive force or It has never been used for stress relief in direct connection with this.

Figure 6 shows a signal applied to the gate of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) that supplies power. A typical timer and sequence circuit that can be changed to SCR control system The arrangement is well known and any desired control device can be used. Many commercially available control devices are , an adjustable on-off cycle that can be used to supply current to the coil 16. provides the timing, frequency and voltage output of the module.

Power supply 20 has an output (typically 28 volts AC) along lines 70 and 71, respectively. )give. Logic circuit power supply 72 provides line power for the logic circuit being used. 73 to provide a 5 volt DC output. Zero cross detection circuit [CD409 3] half 75 produces an output along line 76 each time the input power crosses zero. For example, the output of the integrated circuit [CD4046] The signal is supplied to a lock loop (PLL) circuit 77.

The output from PLL circuit 77 to line 78 is adjusted to obtain the appropriate range of control frequencies. is given at 128 times the line frequency. The output frequency signal of the PLL circuit 77 is , given to the clock manual of the counter [CD4040B] indicated by reference numeral 82. Ru. The count, which is 64 times the line frequency, is taken from the counter 82 by an LSI 74 type latch. clock frequency line 83 to the clock input of circuit 84.

Different frequencies (32.16.8°4 and 2 times the line frequency respectively) ) five types of output signals are sent to the ROM85 (2764ROM is suitable) via the bus 83A. given).

This ROM provides control signals to latch 84 via a 6-line bus 85A. . The second counter 90 is the cycle control circuit 91 which is the other half of the CD4093. A start signal is supplied from

The start switch (part of cycle control switch 91A) connects the start switch to line 92. Manually configured to give a default signal. Clock input counter i.e. 2 counter 90 is connected to phase lock line 90A with input line frequency. are combined. The output from the second counter 90 is supplied to the second ROM 94. Ru. Bus 90B has 10 lines, 1.2, 3, 4. etc., is given.

The input sequence selection switch 95 selects the sequence related to the cycle that is about to be generated. Set to control the output frequency, number of pieces, length of rest time, and power (fourth The four types of sequences shown in Figures A-4D are typically provided).

The output of ROM 94 is configured to provide an output signal to latch 84 via bus 85A. is applied to the input of the ROM 85 programmed in the ROM 85. The output of latch 84 is SCR The signal is applied to a 7406 circuit 97 that constitutes a driver 97. The output on bus 98 is , used in a conventional manner to generate the output waveforms shown in FIGS. 4A-4D. SCH gates.

The ROM determines which SCR is triggered so that various power waveforms are obtained. and programmed in a known manner to select the frequencies at which they are triggered. can do.

One type of SCR device is shown schematically in FIG.

Each signal is provided via bus 98. Code 101, 102° 103 and 104 The signal to the gate of each silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) shown at one end of the coil 16 is Achieving the transmission of power to or from line 105 leading to do.

Power is provided by a 24 volt transformer 110. Its center tap is coil 16 It is connected to a line 112 that connects to the other end. Therefore, each gate in a known manner The cycling of the current to the coil can be controlled by properly sequentially controlling the ng: repeated application) is achieved. This transformer connects lines 70 and 71 (sixth (Figure) can also be supplied with power in the same way.

The nominal 24 volt power is essentially a reversing DC voltage of about 12 volts (rms). The duration of the bell is as given through the coil 16, controlled by the SCR. It will be done. The current is of course proportional to the resistance of the coil and the input voltage. “Complete” signal is Cycle control device 9 via “cycle done” line 99 The timing of the control current through a complete cycle until it is accepted at 1 is , ranges from 15 seconds to 50 seconds.

In addition, when the operator deems it necessary, disable ) signal is applied to latch 84 to prevent output power from being applied. The cycle control device 91 can be provided with a cut-off button using the control switch 91A. It should also be noted that

The pulse duration provided by SCH varies from about 16 msec to about 120 msec. It can stand. Since the ROM is programmable, the Various cycles and settings and therefore sequence control of the signals to the SCR gates It is possible. Additionally, as shown in Figures 4A-4D, demagnetization or demagnetization may occur during the cycle. There is a magnetic section, which is represented by the vertical line at the far right of each cycle. S.C. R is for reducing the voltage (and therefore current) amplitude and demagnetizing if necessary It can be controlled to reverse the direction of voltage and current.

Commercial demagnetization circuits are currently available. After the tool is removed from the tray, Demagnetized if necessary.

Tool size is an important factor in the length and type of power cycle selected . For example, a generally approximately 0.63 cm (1) 4 inch) steel blade is shown in Figure 4A. A sequence of approximately 3 seconds, i.e. 115 operations with a cycle time of 15 seconds. can be processed (cycled). It undergoes stable magnetization and then the current by reversing the direction of the magnet and reducing the current to zero during a short demagnetization cycle. be magnetized.

It has been found that when steel is magnetized, its elastic modulus increases and it becomes harder. this (bending or displacement when a load is applied) is less likely to occur. This improves tool life and machining efficiency. Therefore, this invention provides stress relief treatment. It is considered that the tool is in a magnetized state after . tools like this It is intended for cutting non-magnetic materials like plastics or non-ferrous metals. cormorant. When a magnetized tool is used on magnetic materials, the chips will stick to the tool and cannot be separated. It becomes.

For example, for an intrinsic 6.35 cm (2 1/2 inch) coil core, NO, 11 square Wrap the square wire 600 times, and the effective value is approximately 1 due to SCR. With a 2 volt DC pulse, the It is possible to generate a current that forms a magnetic field suitable for magnetizing the blade of a processing tool.

The term used here is “Is the processing tool blade a drill bit, a lathe cutting tool, or a component?” refers to tools used to process parts to remove some material from .

Stresses in such cutting tools are also controlled by contact with the workpiece. This is caused by sharpening and resharpening tools in an atmosphere that is not This is caused by the tip being partially overheated. This overheating is usually accompanied by overstressing .

Wear, cracking or chipping of cutting edges generally originates from areas of overstress; By redistributing (uniforming or reducing) the stresses in the tool The lifespan of will be significantly increased.

Furnace heat treatment, mechanical vibration, low temperature treatment, or laser heat treatment, or annealing Although stress relief using rings is known, the device of this invention It uses the magnetostrictive effect by generating a magnetic field through the material. This is an iron-based material For use in materials, crystals, and component materials I can ride it. The cutting tool can be used in many ways during the magnetostrictive or magnetic processing process of this invention. directional forces along the surface and, most importantly, along the cutting edge (blade). It gives stress.

This stress is a function of magnetization, which in turn is dependent on the applied magnetic field, i.e. the coil used. magnetization and stress relief are a function of the voltage level applied to the coil. monitor the magnetic field's timing signature in terms of strength, duration and frequency. It can be controlled by adjusting the

This variability of the magnetic field allows for compatibility with a variety of different tools. in general , the larger the tool, the longer the processing time required and the current that must be applied growing.

For the apparatus shown in Figure 5, the bending action is performed by placing the tool in a position other than the axis of the coil. , is achieved by fixing it firmly. This is where the fixing screw is attached. The head of the tray is firmly fixed inside the coil so that it does not displace. means that it must be done. It can also be firmly placed in place if necessary. May be clamped.

The control shown in Figs. 1 to 7 applies to Several magnetic treatments have been shown to be effective in bringing about removal. It will be appreciated that the invention can be used in mechanical equipment.

In FIG. 8, the cutting tool is mounted on the chuck 121 of the drill head 122. It also has a drill blade 120, and when power is applied, the drill rotates, as shown in the figure. , is used for drilling holes in the workpiece 123 held below the blade.

The treatment of the drill bit involves a magnetic coil 125 that surrounds the drill bit on its path. As shown in Figure 8, the drill must be evacuated. It is exposed to magnetic fields even when the workpiece is being machined.

Thus, the effectiveness of stress relief in the drill bit depends on the use of the drill bit. This can actually be achieved during use. Furthermore, the ring-shaped coil 127 throughout, during drilling (or during other machining operations), with suitable strength and duration. , or even a pulsed magnetic field as mentioned above, to reduce stress on the workpiece. used to reduce and parts 123, which can be of any suitable metal. The body is also located inside the ring-shaped coil 127.

As mentioned above, magnetic treatment of machine tool blades extends the tool life and keeps them sharp for a long time. to prevent unnecessary idle time during machining. Stop.

Other methods of processing the part 123, especially if the part is ferrite or similar. In the case of brittle ferromagnetic materials such as Alternatively, it is held by an electromagnet. The component holding member is usually indicated by the reference numeral 130. It consists of a strong permanent magnet or electromagnet that holds the part 123 in place. as well as the magnetic field applied during and before and after machining. The magnetic field is Maintained at a sufficiently high level during machining to prevent parts from moving or slipping It is. This greatly improves the machinability of ferrite and other brittle materials. It is valid. A magnetic field is applied to the part during machining to ensure that stress is kept to a minimum. added.

FIG. 9 shows an application example of the present invention, in which an N magnetic pole 135 and a gap formed between the N magnetic pole 135 and this magnetic pole are A yoke 133 having an S magnetic pole 134 is provided, and this yoke is configured to provide a magnetic field. The coil 136 is connected to a power source 136A. Separate magnetic poles A rotating part 137 can be located between 134 and 135, for example. In the direction of arrow 140, motor 138 rotates holding shaft 139 to rotate component 137. A magnetic field can be applied even while rotating.

Grinding wheels and similar tools (e.g. stone or concrete cutting saws) are It can be used on the surface and peripheral surface of the component 137 when it is in use. Therefore, the internal response during machining operations to minimize force-related problems and equalize stress. It is also possible to apply a magnetic field. Due to the presence of magnetic fields, powder metal parts can also be Breakage and damage during tool use can be reduced.

FIG. 10 shows still another example of application of the present invention.

In the illustration, a chuck or other tool gripping member 142 is shown with a chuck and part length. It grips a cylindrical part 144 that rotates around a hand axis 145. Grinding wheel 14 7 is provided so as to be applied to the outer surface of the component, and simultaneously with the rotation of the component 144. is driven by a motor 148.

To assist in this type of operation, if the part is made of brittle material, a , can form N magnetic pole and S magnetic pole to form magnetic field for processing parts As shown in FIG. I left a gap. A suitable power supply is used to obtain the required magnetic field by the coil. be done. If there is movement of the part along the axial direction indicated by arrow 155, then the part The introduction tip of the is treated by a magnetic field as it is guided into the abrasive tool, which This ensures that parts fragmentation and missing parts tend to be reduced.

Figure 11 shows a cup-shaped magnet, which is a toroidal component that can be heat-treated and , used for stress relief after processes such as welding, brazing or soldering. can be

This cup-shaped magnet 160 has an outer peripheral wall 161 having an end portion forming a north pole. , and a central portion 162 forming a south pole. toroidal or annular The part 163 can be inserted into the cup part and a suitable holder 1 can be inserted so that a magnetic field can be applied. It is held at 67. If necessary, use a code to strengthen the magnetic field as necessary. A suitable coil such as 165 may also be used. This type of device Can be easily used on parts that are already molded and can be used for maintenance on machine tools. It can also be applied to holding parts.

FIG. 12 shows a deep drawing die 175, which has a die space 176. It also includes a die 177 supported by this base. Dice 177 is It has an opening 178 in the center, into which a workpiece made of a flat metal material 180 is placed. Shaping is performed using a punch 181 using a conventional method. The material is held at its circumference and the die The opening 178 is extended, for example, to form a cup.

A magnetic coil 182 is provided around the die space, and the workpiece 180 is placed around the die space. When on pace, it is possible to be further influenced by the magnetic field. and before The coil 182 further produces a magnetic field passing through the die 177, causing the die 177 to The stress on the workpiece is kept to a minimum during the forming process. Furthermore, it reduces stress during processing. For this application, another coil may be added to handle the die 177 and punch 181. can be added. Coil 182 is positioned at the desired location.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a similar device for wire drawing dies.

In the figure, a die 190 has a wire drawing hole 191, and a chain hole 191 is drawn by suitable means. The wire 192 can be passed through and drawn.

For magnetic processing, a coil 193 is provided to surround the wire at the entrance of the die, Additionally, a coil 194 is provided around the die itself so that the magnetic field is Annealing or stress relief of the wire not only during wire drawing but also during wire drawing. It consists of ensuring that the Process the wire after drawing. Another coil can also be added at the exit of the die to increase the

Suitable control means similar to those described above are provided, as indicated at 196, and one or more control means are provided. can select the other coil to operate at any time, and both coils can be activated at the same time. Hopefully it will be up and running again.

Similarly, the magnetic field reduces the internal stress in the wire and increases the internal stress in the wire after drawing. used for not. The magnetic field also reduces the internal stress accumulated in the die. Also used for

Figure 14 schematically depicts another typical processing step suitable for powder materials and mixture parts. vinegar. Coil housing 200 has a central opening 20 for positioning dish 202 therein. 1 and the coil is powered by a suitable power source 203. plate 202 contains a powder material 204, which is magnetic as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. In order to reduce the stress in fine metal powder by applying a field, it is necessary to It is.

Of course, this plate 202 can be of any shape and size, and can be adapted to suit your needs. Contains a movable balgn for continuous processes that can be adapted to There is. The powder may also be incorporated (freely or by some external manipulation), Alternatively, it can flow through a vertical magnetic field process.

During the subsequent process, the fine metal powder is formed into a green molded tube shape as shown by the reference numeral 205. Molded into a member and loaded inside the toroidal or annular coil 206 Can be done. The coil is used to obtain a magnetic field to reduce stress on the green molded product. Therefore, power is supplied appropriately. Processing in compression molding also improves compression molding performance, especially It is more effective if the magnetic treatment is performed while the powder metal is being compacted.

Using a magnetic field on powder can improve moldability, allowing more intricate shapes to be molded. So worth it. Magnetic field treatment can also reduce the effects of springback. I illustrated it In the process inside the toroidal core 206, residual air bubbles ( porous) decreases.

After processing, the green molded article is sent to furnace 210 for sintering. After that, The molded product is taken out and placed in the toroidal core 212 as indicated by the reference numeral 211. Ru. The sintered parts are then processed for residual stress removal and redistribution, and then machined. This simplifies subsequent compression molding and generally improves processing performance.

Raise the temperature of the component to the desired level, as the component can be effectively processed at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the coil 212 can be placed in the furnace or placed adjacent to the heater. Ru. It is also effective to heat the powdered metal during magnetic field treatment and before compression molding. be. For example, the heater and control unit 225 may include a schematically illustrated drill bit or the like. A sensor 226 is provided close to the processed part.

When using heater 225, the temperature of the parts is usually between 200°C and 400°C. and in special cases and special materials to 600°C.

Figure 15 shows a magnet used to relieve stress during use of a large gun barrel and after firing. A schematic diagram of the coil device is shown. For example, a tank 2 having a gun barrel 231 protruding from a turret 30, it is held in place and powered by a portable power back 233. , can be processed by the portable magnet coil 232. The coil is the length of the barrel 231 It is moved several times in the direction to relieve stress on the barrel.

The strength of the magnetic field is controlled by a portable control device when required and by a coil device. is moved or held by hand along the barrel of the gun. Or, inside the barrel is engaged. It is equipped with a roller that allows the coil to slide in the longitudinal direction of the gun barrel. , back up against the outer end of the barrel if necessary.

In all proposed treatment methods, the magnetic field strength is variable and the magnetic field is pulsed. The waveform of the magnetic field can be square wave, sine wave, sawtooth wave, as well as interval It can also lead to uneven waveforms. In order to obtain the required magnetic field profile, Prepare appropriate control equipment and power supply.

Figure 16 shows the magnetic Shows typical variations of the world. The horizontal axis represents time t, and the vertical axis represents the power signal. Indicates voltage level.

Certain ferromagnetic materials (iron, nickel, carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel and some stainless steel) undergoes elastic deformation when placed in a magnetic field. Magnetostriction is ferromagnetic causing a change in physical dimensions in a specimen made of wood.

When a magnetic field is applied to a magnetically conductive material that is transparent to the magnetic field, the magnetization of the material becomes uniform. does not change. Internal magnetization lags behind magnetization on the surface of the specimen. The delay time is influenced by the shape of the specimen, the conductivity of the material, the frequency of magnetic field fluctuations, and the permeability of the material. .

At the initial stage of magnetization, the surface layer of the component or test piece receives the entire magnetic field, but the magnetic field inside I don't receive it. As a result, the outer surface of the part or specimen may stretch or contract; The center of the specimen remains stable. Precise magnetization at the end of the pulse section When cycles are applied, the magnetic field saturates the specimen.

Magnetostriction is a shear force because the response speed to the magnetic field in the center and surface of the part is different. is generated within the test piece. Shearing force causes changes in the crystal structure of the metal, creating microscopic stress. remove. Phase changes can occur due to magnetostriction. For example, austenite is Changes to tensite. Magnetostriction works similar to heat treatment and vibration.

The nature of the magnetic field is equally important. Rise time and magnetic field until maximum magnetic field strength is reached The decay time of also affects the effectiveness of the process.

Materials that can be processed include sintered carbide alloys (super hard metals), hot-worked ceramics such as alumina containing nickel and cobalt. and brazed tooling and tool steel. turbine blades and fasteners Fasteners are treated to increase the strength of the component and extend its service life.

In particular, after the turbine blades are assembled into the motor or starter, Treated to reduce stress. Furthermore, the turbine blades absorb the accumulated stress. Also treated as part of maintenance for removal.

Processes in casting, including continuous casting, during and after casting include the diffusion process. Applied to refinement and homogenization, reduce internal stress, improve the performance of casting materials, Improve usage performance and processing performance. Prevents crack propagation in high pressure valves and spout parts and can be processed for reduction.

Other parts and materials to be processed are as shown below. In other words, the pore tools, needles, rollers, razors, membranes, bearings, bimetals, mining tools, mining tool holders Tools, journals, shafts, screw teeth, bolts, springs, screws, pinions, gears, gear equipment holder, chain, knife, ax, knife, guide rail, press tool, battery can, gold Metal fiber composite products, pipe making by drawing and welding, pipe joints, oil pipes, molten steel transportation, and nuclear power. Pipelines such as steam and liquid transportation at bases, dental and Surgical medical instruments, steel jacketed discs, etc.

If this method is used for cutting tools, the workpiece is sintered carbide. Metals including alloys, wood, stone, leather, plastic, concrete, fibers, gold Examples include synthetic fiber composites, green moldings containing ceramics, and welded seams. can give.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Magnetic means for applying a magnetic field located in the vicinity of the part to be treated, said part said magnetic means for applying a magnetic field of such strength as to reduce the stress in a portion of said magnetic field. , a processing device to equalize the stresses within the part. 2. To provide periodic variations in the magnetic field acting on the component, the magnetic field as a function of time 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising means for changing the . 3. The vicinity of the part to be treated for a selected time to reduce the stress within said part 2. The processing device according to claim 1, comprising an electromagnet disposed in the processing device. 4. Claim 3, wherein the part to be treated is a powder material green molding. processing equipment. 5. The process according to claim 3, wherein the part to be processed is a sintered powder material part. equipment. 6. The magnetic means includes a coil disposed near the drill press. , the first part comprises a drill bit, and the coil is held in a holder during use. The processing device according to claim 1, which is disposed at a suitable position surrounding the held drill bit. Place. 7. Said drill blade acts on another part and another magnet hand to operate on it Claim in which the stage generates a magnetic field in the vicinity of the separate part during operation of the drill bit. The processing device according to item 6. 8. The part is a deep-drawn metal material, and the magnetic field supply magnet means is a deep-drawn metal material. It is placed near the die where the material is to be molded, and is used during processing of the material into a molded product. 2. A processing device according to claim 1, comprising a coil to be excited. 9. said magnet means having a U-shaped magnet with opposing magnetic poles; means for holding the workpiece between the magnetic poles while machining is being performed; A processing device according to claim 1, comprising: 10. The magnet means comprises a pair of coils each energizing a separate magnetic pole piece; 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said separate pole pieces each form one of the magnetic poles. 11. The magnet means is a cup having a central pole and a rim-like pole around the periphery. a cup-shaped magnet, and around said central pole and on the walls of said cup-shaped magnet. Claim 1, further comprising means for supporting a toroidal annular component on the inside. equipment. 12. The part is a rotatably mounted part on which a grinding wheel is operated. and said magnet means is capable of holding said rotatably mounted component while performing a grinding operation. Claims comprising electrical coils at opposite positions of the The processing device according to item 1 below. 13. The part is a long thin wire drawn with a die, and the magnet Provided near the die and wire to protect the die and wire during drawing. The processing device according to claim 3, which processes both. 14. The part is a gun barrel, and the magnetic means surrounds and extends along the barrel. 4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, comprising a portable coil movable by the user. 15. The time during which the part is exposed to the magnetic field, in order to raise the temperature of the part, said part 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising heating means disposed in close proximity to the apparatus. 16. positioned in the vicinity of the piece of material to be treated to provide a magnetic field acting on the piece of material magnetic means acting on the piece of material in order to redistribute the stresses within it; stress in the ferromagnetic material comprising said magnet means including means for varying the strength of the magnetic field; A processing device that equalizes the 17. Said magnetic means has a selected magnetic field sufficient to redistribute stress in said piece of material. 17. The processing apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising time control means for applying the magnetic field for a period of time. 18. The magnet means includes a coil attached to the housing and a core of the coil ( and a holding means for holding the material inside the core. processing equipment. 19. The piece of material has a welded part with internal stress, and the means for applying a magnetic field is A magnetic field is applied to the weld for a sufficient period of time to redistribute its internal stresses. 17. The processing device according to claim 16. 20. The required strength and time, the step of generating the magnetic field, and the treatment by causing the magnetostrictive action. said part under the influence of a magnetic field for a sufficient time to redistribute the stresses within the part to be treated. A method for stress relief treatment of a ferromagnetic material, comprising the steps of: locating a ferromagnetic material; 21. energizing the center aperture coil to provide a magnetic field; placing said component within the central opening of the coil and redistributing stress within the component; applying a periodic variation to the voltage applied to the coil for a selected period of time; 21. The method according to claim 20. 22. While carrying out the processing steps, at the same time the material undergoes a processing step. 21. The method of claim 20, comprising: 23. Claims involving increasing the temperature of the material while the material is exposed to a magnetic field The method according to item 20.