JPS63501590A - Neurological and biological molecular electro-optical devices and methods - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] and how Cross-reference to related applications This application was filed on September 26, 1983 and is commonly assigned to co-filed applicants. This is a continuation-in-part of US patent application Ser. No. 535.672. Please note that the US patent The entire disclosure of the application is incorporated herein by reference.

background caused by electrical and/or optical excitation or back excitation of electrons within the molecule electrical and optical properties of individual molecules adsorbed onto conductors or semiconductors Observable changes in the information It can be used as a signal for reading. Such a single molecule or multiple molecules , observed using optical molecular photometry methods to obtain Raman spectra. Can be done. This Raman spectrum is, for example, one or more electric currents in a molecule. the position of the molecules, especially the free quanta, and the activation level of the molecules and/or electrons, e.g. An incident laser beam, such as a laser beam used to direct molecules in the Raman spectrophotometry process, This includes the properties of the emitted electromagnetic beam, etc., and reveals the activation state or situation of molecules.

For a given state/activation of the molecule, the Raman spectra so derived A beam usually has one or more Raman lines of respective intensities. This Raman line The whole can be thought of as a “fingerprint” of the molecular state.

Such molecular devices are characterized by a fast response. The aforementioned U.S. patent As disclosed in Application No. 535.672, the switching time is IQ-13. It can be on the order of seconds, or on the order of 10-” seconds if the molecule exhibits tunneling effects. It could even be a cardholder.

Dyes have been used in the past to obtain information about nerve conditions. child In some cases, this nerve is stained with methyl orange and this stain When a nerve is irradiated with a 488 nm laser beam, the resonant Raman effect occurs. was observed. One problem with such techniques is that the dye can penetrate and stain The damaged nerves die or lose their vitality in a relatively short period of time. other problems The points are similar to those for Robusta nerves stained with methyl orange, for example. When using observation methods, the resonant Raman spectrum has a high resolution or resolving power. It is a lack.

In the medical/technical field, RNA and DNA are separated for information storage. It has been proposed to use child-like nucleic acid molecules. The storage capacity of a DNA molecule is It is estimated to be between 2+a bits and 220 bits of information. like this Until now, sufficient technology for inputting and reading out such information has not been available. not present.

summary According to one feature of the invention, the macrocycle is in a state capable of performing a function. The structure is, for example, a neurological or biological material, a nucleic acid molecule or other material. information, electrical potential, optical properties, and energy for different materials. It is used to input and/or read out files, status information, etc. aforementioned In one example, disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 535.672, the macrocycle The molecules were adsorbed onto the silver base. In the present invention, the function can be Macrocyclic molecular structures in a ready state include, for example, nerve cells, muscles, nucleic acid molecules (RNA and D have been adsorbed onto other substrates such as NA).

As used herein, a “macrocyclic molecule or molecule in a state capable of performing a function” "child structure" means a macrocycle or a macrocycle capable of performing the functions described in more detail below. It means a molecule that behaves like a molecule. Examples of macrocycles are For example, metal phthalocyanines (one of the preferred ones is iron (Fe)), sulfones (one suitable sulfonation is tetrasulfonation (T s). ) cobalt or copper phthalocyanine, porphyrin, chlorophyll, heme , hemoglobin (a macrocyclic molecule with protein molecules) and cytochromes. Contains eel phthalocyanine (Pc).

Examples of materials (molecules) that behave like macrocycles rather than macrocycles It's ROHM. Phytochromes are produced when such molecules are packaged within plants. As shown in , it is a molecule that changes state when irradiated with light. This kind of material It is possible to expose materials to light of one frequency and make them sensitive to light of other frequencies. It is. Next, throughout this specification with respect to a single macrocycle or multiple macrocycles, It should be understood that it includes a macrocyclic molecular structure that is capable of performing a function. I can do it.

Another feature of the invention is: (a) the state of being able to perform a function on neurological or biological substances; (b) directing electromagnetic radiation to said macrocycle; and (C) detecting light scattered by the macrocycle. the detected light is indicative of the state of the neurological or biological substance; Concerning methods for reading out the status of neurological or biological substances. Ru.

Additional features of the invention include: (a) the state of being able to perform a function on neurological or biological substances; directly or indirectly linking macrocycles of (b) said macrocycle influencing the state of said neurological or biological substance; applying at least one electrical or optical input to the shaped molecule; Equipped with Concerning methods of influencing the state or function of neurological or biological substances It is something.

Other features are (a) Linking a macrocyclic molecule capable of performing a function to a nucleic acid molecule and (b) between the macrocyclic molecule and the nucleic acid molecule in a state capable of performing the above function; Applying an electrical or optical input to cause a charge transfer or other change of state comprising adding to the macrocycle in a state capable of performing the function of It relates to methods that do not affect nucleic acid molecules.

Furthermore, another feature is (a) linking a nucleic acid molecule to a macrocycle in a state capable of performing a function; , (b) a wavelength that does not affect the macrocycle but can be scattered from the macrocycle; or applying electromagnetic radiation to said macrocycle at a frequency and (C) the scattered information is representative of the state of at least a portion of the nucleic acid molecule; comprising detecting electromagnetic radiation The present invention relates to a method of reading out the state of at least a portion of a nucleic acid molecule.

Additionally, additional features include: (a) a nucleic acid molecule; etc.) to input and/or read out information about this nucleic acid molecule. A macrocyclic molecule in a state that can perform the function of being linked to a molecule. The present invention relates to a memory device having:

In addition, other features are (a) Attachment of macrocycles to the nerves and/or muscles of living animals and Beauty (b) said macrocyclic segment so as to artificially stimulate biological or neurological functions; It is about stimulating the child. Examples include light and other electromagnetic radiation The use of said device to detect radiation and radiation from non-biological/non-neurological sources. or for use in artificial limbs that utilize input from biological or neurological sources. Something can happen. Other examples include natural behavior or can be an artificial control of a natural limb that is deprived of function.

Another feature is that macrocycles and other structures have different energy levels Activation of macrocycles and other structures to various quantum levels such as moving into wells The various state bases in resonance spectral analysis of macrocycles and other structures are The invention relates to the discovery that vector output fingerprints can be generated. this discovery is a multilevel versus single-molecule device with very fast switching speed capabilities. and enable the use of multiple output features.

The above objects and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent as the following description proceeds. become.

Next, in order to accomplish the above-mentioned related objects, the present invention has been disclosed hereinafter. It embodies the features fully explained in the specification and pointed out in the claims. It is growing.

The following description and accompanying drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention. do. However, there are various ways in which the principles of the present invention can be used. Only some of the methods are represented.

Brief description of the drawing In the attached drawings, Figure 1 shows macrocyclic molecules adsorbed on the substrate of the Raman spectrophotometric detector. is a schematic illustration of an electro-optical switch, FIG. as well as on body or semiconductor substrates, such as nerve, muscle or nucleic acid molecules. Tetrasulfonate, which can be used according to the invention as a monolayer adsorbed on is a schematic illustration of a macrocycle in the form of an ionized phthalocyanine, Figure 3 shows a system for activating a silver electrode and adsorbing macrocycles onto this silver electrode. Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the system. and macrocycles coupled directly to optical systems, such as Raman spectrophotometers. Figure 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pair of ganglia, and Figure 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pair of ganglia. animals in physiological solutions, and affect the state of neurons or neurons Schematic of an exposed ganglion pair coupled to a macrocycle to read out the state of the Illustrated, Figure 7 shows a large cell connected to neural and electrical systems via an interface material. cyclic molecules, and those that affect and alter the state of such nerves. Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of an optical system for reading out the state of the nervous system. macrocycles linked to optical systems for reading out the state of nerves and nerves. FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a laser system affecting the state of nerve wire connected to a variable voltage source to apply different electrical potentials to the nerve It is a schematic illustration of FIG. is a schematic illustration of a spectrophotometric optical system; Figure 11 shows the data to aid in the analysis of the data obtained from the nerves in Figure 10. To obtain data, the electro-optical switch of Figure 1 is used to perform controlled testing of macrocycles. Figure 12 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system similar to System 4, with a temperature of approximately 20°C. God with various polarization potentials in millivolts across the membrane at temperatures Iron tetrasulfonated fluoride at a concentration of 10-5 molar in artificial seawater was adsorbed on the fibers of Togami. Schematic table of resonance Raman spectrum from talocyanine (Fe-TsPc) It is an indication, Figure 13 shows the resonance Raman spectrum from 5X10-5 moles of methyl orange in seawater. ctram and 5X10-5 moles of methyl in the inactive resting potential. Resonance Raman spectrum from Robusta nerve stained by orange It is a diagrammatic representation, Figures 14 and 15 are schematic illustrations of macrocycles used with nucleic acid molecules. The solution is Figures 16 and 17 show neurological/biological substrates according to individual embodiments of the invention. 1 is a schematic illustration of neurological/biological uses of macrocycles adsorbed thereon.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 shows an electro-optical system useful in the present invention. There is. The electro-optical system 1 includes a molecular electro-optical device 2, which includes a molecular electro-optical device 2. Close-up view of one variant of the molecular electro-optic device 2 in the form of a pneumatic-optic switch 3 It is shown. This molecular electro-optic switch 3 was adsorbed on the surface of a silver electrode. Contains macrocycles.

A selectively adjustable variable voltage power source 4 activates the macrocycle 5 of the molecular electro-optic device 2. In other words, it is used to provide electrical potential. one more The plurality of laser beams 6.7 are e.g. If the wave number is large enough to affect the macrocycle 5, it will have an activation function. A molecular electro-optical device is used to read out the state of the sea urchin and/or macrocycle 5. Optical input is provided to position 2.

A Raman spectrophotometric analyzer or detector 10 is the remaining part of the electro-optical system 1. be. This Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 receives from the molecular electro-optical device 2. a group for dividing the light into spatially distributed elements of the Raman spectrophotometric detector 10; It has a rating of 11. These split lights can be observed. on a screen 12 or on a flat surface that can be detected electro-optically or electro-optically. Directed. For this latter purpose, a Raman spectrophotometric analyzer or detector 1 0 includes one or more photosensitive detection devices, such as those shown in 13.14. (photosensitive button device). This light-sensitive button device 13.14 is a light-sensitive button device. 13.14 form an electrical signal or characteristic representing the intensity of light received by For example, photomultipliers made of macrocyclic molecules, photosensitive damascene, etc. It can be a diode, a grid of semiconductor sensors, etc.

In operation of electro-optic system 1, incident light 20 is directed into molecular electro-optic device 2. I get kicked. The scattered light 21 from this molecular electro-optical device 2 is analyzed by Raman spectrophotometry. This scattered light 210 intensity, wavelength, frequency and/or configuration is directed toward the source 10. The spatial distribution of the components is analyzed. Is macrocycle 5 in the native or undisturbed state? Excitable in response to electrical and/or optical input to change from to excited state and the level or range of such excitation depends on the electrical potential and and/or depending on the wavelength, frequency and/or intensity of the incident light. like this Excitation can lead to ionizing effects resulting in inter- or intra-molecular charge transfer. kinetics, trapping, or excited states of electrons at specific positions in (multiple) molecules. There seems to be an excitation towards the state.

The position of such trapped or excited electrons depends on the input potential and/or or may be a correlated factor of optical wavelength, optical frequency and/or optical intensity; , can change the natural vibrational properties of bonds within a molecule. Such changes are changes the optical properties of the light scattered by the particles.

The Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 determines the spatial distribution of scattered light in the frequency domain. Raman to measure the intensity of each spectrum component. Preferably it is a spectrophotometer. The operation of this Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 is Raman scattering can be enhanced along the lines of the surface. however, Other optical analyzers are also capable of detecting the desired information according to the present invention. It can be used in some cases.

In the Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 of FIG. 1, the triangular envelope 22 is It is divided by grating 11 and detected with electro-optical sensitivity. Therefore, the stream of scattered light 21 scattered or re-emitted from the molecular electro-optical device 2 is Represents the extreme end of the spatial distribution of spectrum components.

Within this envelope 22, there are usually several Raman spectrum lines 23. there will be. If the bandwidth of the monochromator of the Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 is If the screen is relatively wide, for example 20 cm-', then the photosensitive button device 1 3 is the macrocycle shown in 24 50 intensity-potential output volts-Raman It would be possible to produce a graph. Different Bordeaux Rahman graphs 25 2 photosensitive button device 14 and each other photosensitive button device . Each of these light-sensitive button devices preferably includes grating 1 of the monochromator. It will be placed to detect light at a predetermined frequency when divided by 1.

As disclosed in detail in the above-mentioned specification, the electric charge imparted to the macrocycle 5 Electro-optical system as a high-speed switch that responds quickly to optical potential 1 from approximately 2X10-'' seconds to 5 seconds at an ambient room temperature on the order of approximately 60-80F''. Can have response times of up to 10-” seconds The configuration is used to decipher and/or utilize the output from the electro-optical system 1. be able to. An example shown in FIG. Multiple logical levels that pass the output signal only if the signal exceeds a specified level. Bell discriminator 26, which operates logically by the output from this logic level discriminator 26. It has logic gates 27 and the like. Analog detection devices can also be used, e.g. To be used to provide an analog output representing the intensity of light in the man spectrum line Can be done.

An example of a water-soluble TsPc molecule that can be adsorbed onto the silver electrode shown in FIG. As shown in the figure. The water-soluble TsPc molecule 30 in Figure 2 is a tetrasulfonated phthalate. It is cyanine (TsPc). This water-soluble TsPc molecule 30 has a large inner ring and and four pyrrole rings 31 and four benzene rings 32 constituting the large outer ring. It consists of This large inner ring is metal-free phthalocyanine ()lsub2 -Pc), or various metal phthalates. Four central metal ions arranged in a certain order that create cyanine (M-Pc) can have. Such metal ions are designated by “M” in Figure 2. In the preferred embodiment and top aspect of the invention, iron is shown. (Copper and cobalt are also useful.) Such phthalocyanins are commercially available Available from Kodak Corporation (New York, Rochester) Can be done. Sulfonation should have minimal impact on overall molecular properties Seem. However, sulfonation makes other water-insoluble Pc molecules soluble in aqueous media. , which is desirable when water is used as a solvent. Kere However, when using an organic solvent, such Pc molecules are soluble in the solvent. All you need is that. Therefore, sulfonation may not be necessary and Or it may be unwanted.

Figure 3 shows a system for activating a silver electrode and adsorbing macrocyclic molecules to it. Stem is shown. Further details are disclosed in the above-mentioned specifications. Sucking Silver electrodes with attached macrocycles can be used for example in neurological and biological substrates. In order to provide control information for analysis of Raman spectra obtained from Can be used. In the system shown in Figure 3, a macrocyclic molecule (TsPc) 3 5 was adsorbed to form a monomolecular film on the silver electrode 36. This silver electrode 36 is phi 0.05 molar concentration of sulfonic acid and 10-s molar concentration of macrocycle. saturated calomel for 30 to 60 seconds. 500 mV anodization pot with respect to the reference electrode 38 was applied. The potentiostat type device 39 is a conventional potentiostat. Used in cut-type technology to provide electrical input for anodizing. This step activates the interface of the silver electrode 36, and at the same time activates the adsorbed macrocyclic molecules. was used to form a monolayer of

Turning now to FIG. 4, a macrocycle 40 is shown coupled to a nerve 41. It is. According to a principal aspect of the invention, the macrocyclic molecular device comprises neurological substances and and/or adsorbed onto biological materials, these materials can be e.g. It serves as an alternative substrate for the silver electrode 36 in the above example. Nerve 41 is of the neural membrane. It is composed of protein molecules 42 held together by lipids 43 as moieties. Ru.

The connection shown at 44 between this nerve 41 and the macroannulus 40 is 1, which greatly reduces the possibility of deleterious effects by macrocycles 40. It seems that there is. Also, in FIG. 4, such a connection (preferably a single A straight line between the macrocycle 40 and the neural membrane (only macrocycles of Shown as a concatenation.

Furthermore, this linkage may include, for example, the transfer of one or more electrons, or the transfer of one or more electrons. Charge transfer, such as excitation or de-excitation of multiple electrons, occurs between the macrocycle 40 and the nerve 4. 1, resulting in a detectable change in the state of this macrocycle 40. It is something that can be done. the macrocycle 4 without affecting the macrocycle 40. a laser source 45 with charge radiation at a frequency or wavelength that can be scattered by As mentioned, this scattered radiation, in other words preferably light, is detected. The characteristics, state, etc. of the nerve 41 are read using the Raman spectrophotometric detector 10. be able to. In particular, the resonant Raman spectrum is or can be obtained to reflect other characteristics.

It is significant that the inventor discovered the compatibility of macrocycles with nerve cells. This way Such compatibility supports the use of the present invention with living neurological and biological materials. significantly improve results. The reason for this is that macrocycles are biological and neurological substances. This is because it does not tend to hasten the death of the target substance.

Its advantageous features of the present invention are that conventional neurological and biological materials are In direct contrast to the use of dyes, such as methyl orange, ing.

Again, it is noted that if desired, the waveform of the incident beam from the laser length or frequency causes charge transfer that in turn affects the neural state or situation. can be selected to affect thick linear molecules, such as It is. In this way, macrocycles can be used as neural input devices. . Furthermore, it is noted that the detailed description herein This is about the connection of . However, this kind of connection also goes against the plot. and/or other neurological and/or biological substances. That will be recognized. In this way, macrocycles according to the invention can be used in neurology. for readout and/or input purposes for physical or biological substances; provides a connection with the optical system.

FIG. Fifty segmental pairs are shown. FIG. 6 shows the physiological solution 52 or artificial seawater. A truncated ganglion pair 50 is shown schematically. Within this ganglion pair 50, there are multiple There are 53 nerve cells. In the past, the activity of certain nerve cells 53 was monitored. , or to directly apply an external stimulus to the predetermined nerve cell 53. , it was necessary to attach an electric probe to this predetermined nerve cell 53. Therefore, non- At any given time, a large number of such electrical probes are required to monitor a corresponding number of neurons. was considered essential. The available locations for such electrical probes are 50 or more ganglion pairs. and is limited by the very small size of neurons within its ganglion pairs. Ta. This limitation makes experimental procedures prone to having deleterious, even destructive effects on cysts. It is.

Next, according to the present invention, it is possible to directly target nerve cells, neurological cells or biological cells. In order to directly read out or input information, macrocycles are non-injected into this cell. Can be coupled directly, destructively and non-invasively.

Example 1 Culture or staining of neurons 53 within ganglion pairs 50 of gastropods 51 50, in other words the gastropod at 54 to expose the nerve cells 53. Movement 51 is performed by cutting the tissue. Physiological solution (artificial sea A solution of macrocycles with a molar concentration of io''~10-6 in water) 52 is an iron phthalocyanide. It is produced using Gastropod 51 is left with its ganglion pair 50 exposed. immersed in a solution such as

Example 2 Behavioral analysis and temporary mutations in gastropods 51 are neuronal cells with linked macrocycles. This is possible when using 53.

In particular: - the gastropod 51 is provided with an external non-neural stimulus; food is A feeling of bloating from the food (beer and squid are particularly effective) When placed close to the gastropod 51, this sensing will cause the gastropod 51 to have them open. As soon as such an opening is encountered, it is obvious that the gastropod 51 Negative stimuli that tend to induce pleasure sensations are present in one or more exposed ganglion pairs 51. by providing input to macrocycles connected to multiple neurons 53. Supplied. Usually after several repetitions, less than 10 times, gastropod movements 51 become new They learn the behavior and stop opening their mouths in response to food stimuli.

When using the approach described above, for example, as shown in FIG. Stimulus experiments as food is placed near the animal and as food is removed During this time, the state of the nerve cells 53 can be read out.

Linking the macrocycle to the nerve cell membrane or nerve cell as seen in Figure 7 An interface material 44' may be used to do so. Such an interface The face material 44' applies electrical stimulation to the nerve 41 from a controllable power source 56. Give a medium for. For this purpose, the coupling interface is a semiconductor-type material. Examples of polydiacetylene, polypyrrole and Contains doped lipids. Another coupling interface material 44' is used for optical stimulation. Rhodopsin that inputs electrical stimulation to the nerve 41 of a responsive photosensitive material, Also good. In the system of FIG. 7, a power source 56 directly applies electrical stimulation to the nerve 41. This allows macrocycles to be unaffected by laser45 and Raman spectroscopy. Added area for providing information readout using photometric detector 10 Otherwise, it is operationally identical to the system of FIG.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. In Figure 8, nerve 41 is a macrocyclic segment. a laser 45 and a Raman spectrophotometric detector 10. It is used to read out the state of nerve substances. However, in Figure 8 If the laser 57 2. Provides a source of electromagnetic radiation 58 that is incident on the tube. The wavelength/frequency of such radiation The wave number is selected to have such an effect. These macrocyclic molecules 40, The laser 45 and the Raman spectroscopy photodetector 10 receive such excitation by the laser 57. It is used to read out the state of the nerve 41 that is being stimulated. However, If desired, the coupling interface material 44' and power source 56 also It can also be used for excitation in the embodiment shown in FIG.

In view of the foregoing, various technologies are available, particularly with Raman spectrophotometric detector systems. The use of macrocycles to provide information and encouragement about neurological and biological substances Make sure that you fully understand and understand that it can be used to input and/or read data. be recognized. Next, examples of methods and apparatus for carrying out such techniques are presented in the ninth section. Further details will be explained with reference to FIGS. 12 to 12.

Illustrated in FIG. 9 is a nerve fiber 60 having an adventitia 61 and an intima 62. knowledge The robusta and human nervous systems have similar characteristics, as shown in . One of these features is that the adventitia 61 and the intima 62 are at a relative ground potential. The nerve has an electrical potential drop of 1'i'omV between It is a natural tendency. This electrical potential of -70mV is normally used for nerve activity. known as the rest potential. The voltage source 63 in FIG. 9 is a nerve wire. selectively adjustable or separable to provide various electrical potentials to fiber 60. It is possible to - the example is -70mV, in other words the voltage source 63 has no effect from the resting state of the nerve with no activity to OmV.

Consequences in the Raman spectrum for nerves as analyzed by the present invention The results are shown graphically in Figure 12, and the equipment for analysis is shown diagrammatically in Figure 10. It is shown that.

More particularly, each macrocyclic structure that has been cultured or otherwise linked to The nerve fibers 60 are placed in a support container 64 shown in FIG. Using petroleum jelly as a material, it is supported in an electrically insulated state from the wall of the support container 64. It was stored away. Laser light 65 from laser 45 is directed toward nerve fiber 60. The light scattered from the nerve fiber 60 is then passed through a suitable lens 66 and a monochromator. 11 and a Raman spectrophotometric detector 10 having a photosensitive detection device 13. Analyzed. The schematic graph 67 of FIG. 10 shows the neural line at a given potential. The type of resonance Raman spectrum obtained from the detection of scattered light from fiber 60 is shown. are doing.

Properties of macrocycles used in analysis of nerve fibers 60 and various electrical potentials The apparatus 70 of FIG. was used. This device 70 comprises a silver substrate 36 having a monolayer of macrocycles 40. is illuminated by the laser beam 65 from the laser source 45, as shown in FIG. and similar to the apparatus of FIG. The various resonance Raman spectra are at 71 The working electrode (a large measured at various potential values of a silver substrate (with a monolayer of cyclic molecules). is shown in a graph. Furthermore, the periodic voltage-current curve is 72, such as expands as the potential is changed and a resonant Raman spectrum is obtained. It will be opened. Such a periodic voltage-current curve indicates that the data is for the nerve fiber 60. can be used for reference purposes when obtained and/or analyzed . In FIG. 12, the top curve 75a was measured using the apparatus of FIG. It shows the Raman spectrum results obtained for seawater.

The remaining three curves in FIG. 12 indicated by 75b, 75c and 75d are Using the apparatus shown in Figure 10, the nerve's inactive resting potential of -70 mV, −10 mV potential, nerve fiber 60 measured at OmV potential. It is a resonance Raman spectrum. The differences in these curves can be compared , giving information about the state and activation level of the nerves. What is noteworthy is that The Raman line at 1543 cm-' represents the vibration of carbon-carbon bonds, and 134 The 6 cm-' Raman line represents the vibration of the carbon-nitrogen bond.

In this way, during changes in the activation potential for the nerve fibers 60, Cargo transfer occurs between a nerve and a macrocycle connected to the nerve. Also, this The result of such charge transfer is similar to the Raman spectrophotometry technique used by the present invention. can be read out optically.

The foregoing has been accomplished in the past using various materials that stain neurological substances. In contrast to the results. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, curve 76a is Resonance Raman spectra for methyl orange at 5XIO-' molar concentration in seawater It represents a tram. However, curve 76b in FIG. Clean sea several times stained by 5x10' molar methyl orange Showing the Luhrmann spectrum obtained from Robusta nerves washed by water There is. 488 nm and resolution for nerves in inactive resting potential Curve 76a and the recording was made with a 100 mv laser excitation at 2 cm-'. and the resolution or characteristic of the Raman line in the curve indicated by 75 in FIG. The lack of Raman line resolution in curve 76b compared to The present invention reveals substantial advantages over conventional techniques of analytical analysis.

Each resonance Raman spectrum for a given substrate and adsorbed macrocycle is Multiple outputs, r, □x+r2m, each representing a different Raman spectrum line. , ......rl+a□, the present invention provides a multiple output system. It can be said that it all comes down to temu.

In the field of quantum mechanisms, it has been pointed out that various materials have relatively maximum can also fall into one or more energy wells with lower free energy levels. That is.

For example, a macrocycle has six separate energy wells or quantum wells, or The fact that macrocycles can have forced or natural states The inventor paid attention to this. For each energy well, the resonance Raman spectrum We know that Ram can be different from the resonant Raman spectrum of other energy well values. The inventor has also discovered.

Such states are physically determined by the position of free electrons in a given macrocycle. expressed. Such a state can also be represented by a state vector . In this state vector, for example, each vector represents a different Raman line. N has a plurality of four values, and each state vector is When illuminated by a laser beam starting at □You can go up to 8).

Thus, a given energy well of a given material with adsorbed macrocycles or For a quantum well, the state vector N can be expressed as:

That each r□8 value can be different from other r□8 values in a given state vector is In other words, the adsorbed macrocycle and substrate are - in a well, the system has a multi-level output, in other words a multi-level This means that it is possible to form a single output system. Such multiple levels The output can be used for analytical purposes or for theoretical, mathematical, electronic, or It can be used for purposes such as data. For example, light as shown diagrammatically in FIG. An exemplary encoding surface path for converting scientific information is, for example, a given Raman spectrum. It can be used to derive electrical signals representative of the multi-level output of the ram.

However, the inventors also discovered that a given substrate and various types of linked macrocycles Energy well states or quantum well states can form various state vectors. I am discovering what is possible. Thus, rim for one state vector.

cannot be the same as r,′　,□ for different state vectors. Also, this conclusion The results, for example on memory usage, can be achieved using the present invention in computers and the like. The information that can be obtained using the present invention is similar to the output as in other techniques. A system using the present invention that adds even more scope to the magnitude, quantity and importance of information. This is known as the possibility of a system's multistate output.

Mathematically, the multi-state output possibility of the present invention is expressed by the state vector equation as It can be expressed as

The peak of the periodic voltage-current curve 72 in FIG. It represents the part where the energy well of the child monolayer occurs. given potential By adding energy to the macrocycle and the substrate, various values of energy can be applied to the macrocycle and the substrate. - Wells can be forced to form. For example, one of these is shown in Figure 11. ing. Similarly, other products may be used to accomplish the results of the analysis and/or input functions. Forcing various energy wells into physical and neurological matter Can be done.

Briefly referring to Figures 14 and 15, for example, nucleic acid components such as DNA The child 80 is in the form of a helix with many base molecules making up this nucleic acid molecule 80. Ru. According to the present invention, in order to read out the state of a nucleic acid molecule or when desired, A layer 81 can be correlated between a pair of bases 82,83 of this nucleic acid molecule 80. Ru. For readout purposes, the laser 45 directs light onto the macrocycle and captures the Raman fraction. A photometric detector 10 analyzes the results. The frequency/wavelength of this laser light is macrocyclic There should be no effect on either molecules or nucleic acid molecules. However, the place If desired, the light from the laser 45 can be transmitted in a known manner, for example for research purposes. or to affect a nucleic acid molecule in an unknown manner. Macrocyclic structure so that arrangement changes can occur in the offspring, in other words, charge transfer can occur. Can affect molecules.

In FIG. 15, a laser 45 is inserted into the macrocycle to read out status or other information. One wavelength of light is directed onto the child 81. Other frequencies that affect nucleic acid molecules The laser is incident on the nucleic acid molecule. Check whether the laser 84 is working or not. The wavelength, frequency and/or intensity of light or other electromagnetic radiation output by a laser Thus, a detectable result corresponding to macrocycles will occur.

Given the complexity of nucleic acid molecules or similar molecules, e.g. As a memory device that stores huge amounts of information in a very small space for the purpose Nucleic acid molecules etc. can be highly valued. Such records are based on the size of nucleic acid molecules. Note that, and possibly other similar methods, quantum well values and the resulting It may be in the form of a state vector.

16 and 17 as well, the figures show, for example, human artificial Use of the invention in conjunction with optical sensors and control of artificial or immobilized hands Diagrammatically shown. For example, in the device 88 of FIG. There are a plurality of macrocycles 89a placed for the purpose. In addition, such macrocyclic molecules 8 9a is connected to nerve 89b for influencing nucleic acid molecules. This nerve 8 9b to a computer or any other type of decoder, e.g. sending signals even to the device 90, which may be an interface with the brain of an animal such as can give information about the incident light. In FIG. 17, the device 91 transmits information to muscles or nerves that in turn connect to control muscles or artificial devices that produce movement can give. The input to the macrocycle 92 associated with this device 91 is, for example (for macrocycles to be inputs of either electrical or optical type, an external device such as a computer 93 (provided with either electrical or optical input) can be from other sources, such as other nerves, nerve cells, muscles, etc. Can be from natural sources.

Industrial applicability It is appreciated that the present invention is suitable for use in neurological and biological materials for various purposes. It can be used to read information from and input information from Ru. It can also be used to control artificial limbs or immobilized limbs. be. Additionally, it can be used for information storage and information retrieval purposes. be. The present invention also relates to neurological and/or biological substances, and Effects of pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals and other intrusions on substances and/or biological materials Can be used for analytical type tests.

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Claims (47)

[Claims] 1. (a) capable of performing a function on neurological or biological substances; linking macrocycles of states; (b) directing electromagnetic radiation at the macrocycle; and (c) directing electromagnetic radiation at the macrocycle. Detecting the scattered light wherein the detected light is indicative of a state of the neurological or biological material. Wasu A method for reading out the status of neurological or biological substances. 2. Directing electromagnetic radiation to the macrocycle includes directing the electromagnetic radiation to the macrocycle using laser radiation. The method of claim 1 comprising illuminating the macrocycle. 3. A condition capable of performing a function on the neurological substance or biological substance. linking the macrocycle in the form to the neurological or biological substance. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising physically linking the macrocycles. 4. A state capable of performing a function on the neurological substance or biological substance. Linking the macrocycle of the macrocycle and the neurological substance or Claims that include physically connecting an interface to a biological material The method described in box 1. 5. The physically connecting uses a semiconductor material as the interface. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising: 6. The macrocycle is responsive to the condition of the neurological or biological substance. and the state of the macrocycle physically changes the state of the neurological or biological material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method represents a state of 7. said neurological or biological substance is that neurological substance or biological substance; one or more electrons or electron energies in response to a specified state of quality the macrocycle undergoes the charge transfer. The correlation between the acceptance of electrons and the position of the electrons for this macrocycle. 7. The method of claim 6, which affects the incident light as a filter element. 8. Directing electromagnetic radiation at the macrocycle affects the macrocycle. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising directing radiation at a frequency and wavelength that does not occur. 9. Directing electromagnetic radiation to the macrocycle using Raman spectrophotometry The method of claim 1 comprising: 10. further comprising inducing a condition in said neurological or biological substance. The method according to claim 1. 11. Inducing a condition in said neurological or biological substance may include optically In light of said macrocycle, said macrocycle is said to be said neurological substance or biological substance. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising effecting charge transfer with respect to the material. 12. Inducing a condition in said neurological substance or biological substance 11. The method of claim 10, comprising applying an electrical input to the shaped molecule. 13. Furthermore, physically the macrocyclic molecule and the neurological or biological substance electrically conductive material or electrically semiconducting material as an interface connection between 13. The method of claim 12, comprising connecting. 14. The electrically conductive or electrically semiconducting material may be substantially selected from the group consisting of lydiacetylene, polypyrrole and doped materials 14. The method of claim 13. 15. The electrically conductive or electrically semiconducting material is a compatible conductive polymer. 14. The method of claim 13. 16. Claims wherein the electrically conductive material or electrically semiconductor material is a semiconductor. The method of Section 13. 17. Applying an electrical input to the macrocycle includes converting the electrical input to the input. Any of claims 13 to 16 including addition to surface connection. That method. 18. (a) capable of performing a function on neurological or biological substances; (b) said neurological or biological substance; The reduction of electrical or optical input to the macrocycle that affects the quality state including adding at least one A method of affecting the state or function of neurological or biological substances. 19. Said macrocycle responds to said electrical or optical input to said neurological Claim 18: releasing at least one electron into a substance or biological substance the method of. 20. The neurological or biological substance is at least one of nerves or muscles. and affect the state or function of said neurological or biological substance. Claim 18, wherein affecting the nerve or muscle includes affecting the nerve or muscle. Section method. 21. Claim 20 further comprising reading out the condition of the nerve or muscle. the method of. 22. said neurological or biological material is at least an animal part; applying at least one of said electrical or optical inputs to said animal; 19. The method of claim 18 which results in behavioral change. 23. capable of performing a function on said neurological or biological substance The process of linking macrocyclic molecules in the state is a process in which a liquid containing a plurality of macrocyclic molecules is Claims 1 or 2 which include placing said neurological or biological material in or the method of paragraph 18. 24. The neurological substance or biological substance is present in the liquid containing the plurality of macrocycles. Placing a physical substance means placing said neurological substance or biological substance in an electrolyte. 24. The method of claim 23, comprising: 25. The neurological substance or biological substance is present in the liquid containing the plurality of macrocycles. Placing the physical substance does not include placing it in seawater or artificial seawater. Method of Section 24. 26. capable of performing a function on the neurological or biological substance Linking the macrocycles in the state involves approximately a 10-4 molar concentration of said macrocycles. The neurological substance is added to a physiological solution containing an approximately 10-6 molar solution of 19. The method of claim 1 or claim 18, comprising placing a biological substance. . 27. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the macrocycle comprises iron phthalocyanine. 28. Said macrocycles include substantially phthalocyanines, porphyrins, cytochromes, etc. of claim 26 selected from the group consisting of chromium, chlorophyll and phytochrome. Method. 29. said neurological or biological material is at least an animal part; and wherein said macrocycle is substantially compatible with said animal or part of said animal. The method of item 1 or item 18 of the scope. 30. Claims that the neurological or biological material includes animal nerves or muscles. The method of item 1 or item 18 of the scope. 31. (a) Linking a macrocyclic molecule that can perform a function to a nucleic acid molecule. and (b) between the macrocyclic molecule in a state capable of performing the function and the nucleic acid molecule; electrical or optical input to perform its function, resulting in charge transfer in the and adding to the macrocycle in a state where Methods of influencing nucleic acid molecules. 32. Claim wherein said nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting essentially of RNA and DNA. The method of paragraph 31. 33. The electrical or In response to optical input, the change in the state of the nucleic acid molecule is mediated through a structural state change. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the method is: 34. (a) linking a nucleic acid molecule to a macrocycle that is capable of performing its function; That, (b) a wavelength that does not affect the macrocycle but can be scattered from the macrocycle; or applying electromagnetic radiation to said macrocycle at a frequency and (c) said scattered information is representative of the state of at least a portion of said nucleic acid molecule; comprising detecting electromagnetic radiation A method for reading out the state of at least a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. 35. scattered electromagnetic radiation representing the state of at least a portion of the nucleic acid molecule; Detecting radiation comprises detecting a macrocyclic molecule in a state capable of performing the function; Raman spectral fingerprint of the portion of the nucleic acid molecule linked to this macrocycle The method of claim 34 includes using Raman spectrophotometry to detect Method. 36. Furthermore, charge transfer to the macrocyclic molecule in a state capable of performing the above function This nucleic acid molecule is treated by emitting radiation to the nucleic acid molecule in a manner that causes 35. The method of claim 34, comprising influencing the state of the child. 37. (a) Macrocycles in a state capable of performing a function; (b) neurological substances; or a linking means for linking the macrocycle to a biological substance; (c) directing means for directing electromagnetic radiation onto said macrocycle; (d) detecting the light scattered by the macrocycle so that the detected light is Detection means indicative of the state of neurological or biological material A device for reading out the status of neurological or biological substances. 38. (a) a macrocycle in a state capable of performing a function; (b) this macrocycle; a coupling means for coupling the child to neurological or biological material and ( c) said macrocycle influencing the state of said neurological or biological substance; comprising application means for applying at least one electrical or optical input to the molecule; device that affects the condition or function of neurological or biological material. 39. (a) a macrocycle in a state capable of performing a function; (b) this macrocycle; a linking means for linking the child to the nucleic acid molecule; and (c) between the macrocyclic molecule in a state capable of performing the function and the nucleic acid molecule; electrical or optical input to perform its function, resulting in charge transfer in the Application means for adding to the macrocyclic molecule in a state where A device that affects nucleic acid molecules. 40. (a) a macrocycle in a state capable of performing a function; (b) this macrocycle; a linking means for linking the child and the nucleic acid molecule; (c) wavelengths that do not affect the macrocycle but are scatterable from the macrocycle; (d) applying means for applying electromagnetic radiation to said macrocycle at a frequency of the scattered electromagnetic radiation as representative of the state of at least a portion of the nucleic acid molecule; Detection means for detecting rays A device for reading out the state of at least a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. 41. (a) a nucleic acid molecule; (b) to input and/or read out information about this nucleic acid molecule; and a macrocyclic molecule capable of performing the function of being linked to an acid molecule. memory device. 42. (a) Linking macrocycles to the nerves and/or muscles of living animals Toto and (b) said macrocycle so as to artificially stimulate a biological or neurological function; How to provide stimulation to your child. 43. Furthermore, in order to detect electromagnetic radiation, the linked macrocycle and a living 43. The method of claim 42, which comprises using nerves and/or muscles of an animal that . 44. Live animals with linked macrocycles to detect electromagnetic radiation Claims that using the nerves and/or muscles of includes detecting light The method of paragraph 43. 45. Additionally, the linked macrocycles can be used to control natural or artificial limbs. Claim 4 includes using nerves and/or muscles of living animals. Method 2. 46. Live animals with linked macrocycles to detect electromagnetic radiation using the nerves and/or muscles of the macrocycle to provide input to the macrocycle and also The method of claim 45 includes using a computer to read the information. Method. 47. In combination, (a) The energy levels of macrocycles and other structures move into different quantum wells. to activate the macrocycles and other structures to various quantum levels, such as activation means and (b) various types of resonance spectrum analysis of the macrocycles and other structures; Detection means for reading state vector output fingerprint A device comprising: