JPS6350099B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6350099B2 JPS6350099B2 JP15549082A JP15549082A JPS6350099B2 JP S6350099 B2 JPS6350099 B2 JP S6350099B2 JP 15549082 A JP15549082 A JP 15549082A JP 15549082 A JP15549082 A JP 15549082A JP S6350099 B2 JPS6350099 B2 JP S6350099B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ladle
- molten metal
- nozzle
- rotating ring
- ladles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は溶融した金属中の不純物除去方法及び
その装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing impurities in molten metal.
製品の品質を向上させる為に行なう溶融金属中
の不純物除去法は、特に製鋼工程に於いて真空脱
ガス法として著しく発展しており、成分の均一
化、不純物の除去が期待出来る等、現在不可欠の
ものとなりつつある。 The method of removing impurities in molten metal, which is used to improve the quality of products, has developed significantly as a vacuum degassing method, especially in the steelmaking process, and is currently indispensable as it can be expected to homogenize the components and remove impurities. It is becoming a thing of the world.
この真空脱ガス法には種々の方法があり、昇降
式槽脱ガス法（DH脱ガス法）、じんかん式槽脱
ガス法（RH脱ガス法）の様に槽を用いるもの、
電磁撹拌によるもの或いは下方からエアーガスを
吹き込んで撹拌する（取鍋脱ガス法）、流滴脱ガ
ス法の様に滴下を利用して大きな表面積を得るも
の等が代表的である。 There are various methods for this vacuum degassing method.
Typical methods include electromagnetic stirring, stirring by blowing air gas from below (ladle degassing method), and droplet degassing method which uses dripping to obtain a large surface area.
槽脱ガス法は処理容量が多くなると規模が大き
くなり設備費がかさむ上、比較的真空との接触面
積を大くくとり難い反面、温度降下が少い上エア
ーガスによるボイリング効果の援助もあつて比較
的広く用いられている。 The tank degassing method increases the scale and equipment cost as the processing capacity increases, and it is relatively difficult to increase the contact area with the vacuum, but on the other hand, the temperature drop is small and the boiling effect is assisted by air gas. It is widely used.
取鍋脱ガス法及び流滴脱ガス法は設備費が安い
が、スラグ除去を必要とし且つ温度降下が大きく
生産性の向上を計るために広く用いる連続鋳造処
理にあたつて著しく作業性を損なう欠点を有す
る。 The ladle degassing method and the droplet degassing method have low equipment costs, but they require slag removal and have a large temperature drop, which significantly impairs workability in the continuous casting process that is widely used to improve productivity. It has its drawbacks.
溶融金属中にはガスのみならず、数多くの不純
元素が含まれており、これらの不純元素の蒸気圧
は各々異なるので、この差によつて溶融金属を真
空処理すれば或る程度の成分除去は可能である。 Molten metal contains not only gas but also many impurity elements, and the vapor pressures of these impurity elements are different, so if the molten metal is vacuum treated, a certain amount of components can be removed due to this difference. is possible.
しかし、溶融金属中のガスの場合は、エアーに
よる気泡により撹拌することによつて充分除去す
ることができるが、不純元素（例えば、マンガン
Mn、銅Cu、鉛Pb、ヒ素Ag等）の蒸発除去は僅
かの量しか期待できない。これは、ガス（水素
H2、窒素N2等）の場合の拡散速度に比べ不純元
素の蒸発速度が著るしく遅いからであり、そのた
め従来の設備では非常に多くの時間をかける必要
があり実用的でなく、又化学反応等により除去す
る方法がとられるがこれらも工程の増加に加えて
副原料の増加、撹拌設備、成分の再調整が必要と
なる。 However, gases in molten metal can be sufficiently removed by stirring with air bubbles, but impurity elements (such as manganese)
Only a small amount of Mn, copper Cu, lead Pb, arsenic Ag, etc.) can be expected to be removed by evaporation. This is gas (hydrogen
This is because the evaporation rate of impurity elements is significantly slower than the diffusion rate of H 2 , nitrogen N 2 , etc.), and therefore conventional equipment requires a very large amount of time, making it impractical and Removal methods such as chemical reactions are used, but these also require an increase in the number of auxiliary raw materials, stirring equipment, and readjustment of ingredients in addition to an increase in the number of steps.
金属資源のリサイクルが進むにつれ、不純元素
の割合が増加することが予想されることから、ガ
スを除去すると同時にこら不純元素を容易に除去
可能な設備が必要となる。 As the recycling of metal resources progresses, the proportion of impure elements is expected to increase, so equipment that can easily remove these impurity elements at the same time as removing gas is required.
従来の不純物除去法の中で槽脱ガス法及び取鍋
脱ガス法は表面積に多少の相違はあつても略一定
であり大幅に増加させることは出来ない。これに
対し、流滴脱ガス法は以上の方法に較べて飛抹に
することにより表面積が比較的大きくとり易い。
しかし、流滴法は一度の処理にて完了するため、
所定の目的値に到達し得なかつた場合に再度処理
を繰り返すことが極めて困難であり、又表面積が
大きい為に温度降下も大きい欠点がある。 Among the conventional impurity removal methods, the tank degassing method and the ladle degassing method have a slightly different surface area, but the surface area remains approximately constant and cannot be significantly increased. On the other hand, the droplet degassing method makes it easier to obtain a relatively large surface area by scattering the gas compared to the above methods.
However, since the droplet method is completed in one treatment,
It is extremely difficult to repeat the process again if a predetermined target value cannot be reached, and the temperature drop is also large due to the large surface area.
本発明は斯かる従来の不純物除去方法の欠点を
除去することを目的として為したものである。即
ち、真空容器内の回転リングに対向する２個の取
鍋を設け、上方の取鍋から下方の取鍋へ溶融金属
を加熱雰囲気中で落下させ、次に前記回転リング
を半回転して再び溶融金属を加熱雰囲気中で落下
させることを繰り返すことにより、表面積を広く
とれて、温度降下を生ずることなく繰り返し処理
することのできる溶融金属中の不純物除去方法及
びその装置にかかるものである。 The present invention has been made with the object of eliminating the drawbacks of such conventional impurity removal methods. That is, two ladles are provided facing a rotating ring in a vacuum vessel, and the molten metal is dropped from the upper ladle to the lower ladle in a heated atmosphere, and then the rotating ring is rotated half a turn and then turned again. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing impurities in molten metal, which can increase the surface area by repeatedly dropping the molten metal in a heated atmosphere, and can perform repeated treatments without causing a drop in temperature.
以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しつつ説明
する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図及び第２図は本発明の装置の一実施例で
ある。 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
排気ダクト１と接続した真空容器２内に、転動
面が互いに向かい合う一対の駆動ローラ３を二対
並列に配設し、該二対の駆動ローラ３上に回転リ
ング４を夫々載置し、該二つの回転リング４間の
対向する位置に、防熱カバー５を設けたレードル
受台６，６′を軸７により夫々枢支し、該各レー
ドル受台６，６′にレードル８，８′を夫々載置せ
しめて、駆動ローラ３により回転リング４を回転
するとき対向する二個のレードル８，８′が交互
に上方又は下方に位置し得るよう構成してある。 In a vacuum container 2 connected to an exhaust duct 1, two pairs of drive rollers 3 whose rolling surfaces face each other are arranged in parallel, and a rotating ring 4 is placed on each of the two pairs of drive rollers 3, At opposing positions between the two rotating rings 4, ladle pedestals 6 and 6' each having a heat insulating cover 5 are pivotally supported by a shaft 7, and ladles 8 and 8' are attached to each of the ladle pedestals 6 and 6'. The ladle 8, 8' is configured such that when the rotary ring 4 is rotated by the driving roller 3, the two opposing ladles 8, 8' can be alternately positioned above or below.
更に、前記レードル８，８′にはその底部に溶
融金属を排出するためのノズル９を穿設してあ
り、該ノズル９の開口部には該ノズル９を開閉し
得るようスライデイングノズル１０をノズル駆動
シリンダ１１により移動可能に夫々設けてある。
該ノズル９の下方の防熱カバー５部にそれぞれ孔
１２を設けると共に、上方のレードル８から下方
のレードル８′へ落下する溶融金属の流路を囲む
円筒と下方のレードル８′の開口部を覆う円板と
を組み合せ且つヒータ１３を配設して成る温度降
下防止筒１４を設けてある。図中、１５は真空容
器２の蓋、１６は蓋吊上シリンダ、１７は蓋移動
台車、１８はレール、１９は軸受を示す。 Furthermore, a nozzle 9 for discharging molten metal is provided at the bottom of the ladle 8, 8', and a sliding nozzle 10 is provided at the opening of the nozzle 9 to open and close the nozzle 9. They are each movably provided by a nozzle drive cylinder 11.
A hole 12 is provided in each of the heat insulating covers 5 below the nozzle 9, and the opening of the lower ladle 8' and the cylinder surrounding the flow path of the molten metal falling from the upper ladle 8 to the lower ladle 8' are covered. A temperature drop prevention cylinder 14 is provided, which is made up of a combination of a circular plate and a heater 13. In the figure, 15 is a lid of the vacuum container 2, 16 is a lid lifting cylinder, 17 is a lid moving truck, 18 is a rail, and 19 is a bearing.
まず蓋吊上げシリンダ１６により真空容器２の
蓋１５を持上げ、蓋移動台車１７を走行させて蓋
１５を開き、空のレードル８′をレードル受台
６′に設置し、回転リング４を駆動ローラ３によ
り180゜回転させて下方に位置させる。次に、処理
すべき溶融金属を満杯にしたレードル８を上方の
レードル受台６に設置して前記蓋１５を閉じ、排
気ダクト１により真空容器２内を真空とすると共
に、ヒータ１３により温度降下防止筒１４を予熱
しておく。 First, the lid 15 of the vacuum container 2 is lifted by the lid lifting cylinder 16, the lid moving cart 17 is moved to open the lid 15, the empty ladle 8' is placed on the ladle pedestal 6', and the rotating ring 4 is moved to the driving roller 3. Rotate it 180° and position it below. Next, the ladle 8 filled with the molten metal to be processed is placed on the upper ladle pedestal 6, the lid 15 is closed, the inside of the vacuum container 2 is evacuated by the exhaust duct 1, and the temperature is lowered by the heater 13. Preheat the prevention cylinder 14.
上方のレードル８のノズル駆動シリンダ１１に
よりスライデイングノズル１０を引き、該上方の
レードル８のノズル９を開くと、溶融金属は落下
し、上方の防熱カバー５の孔１２、温度降下防止
筒１４を通つて下方のレードル８′に入る。真空
容器２内は真空であり且つ溶融金属が落下する際
に広い表面積が得られるので効率よく揮発性の不
純物及びガスを除くことができる。 When the sliding nozzle 10 is pulled by the nozzle drive cylinder 11 of the upper ladle 8 and the nozzle 9 of the upper ladle 8 is opened, the molten metal falls and penetrates the hole 12 of the upper heat insulating cover 5 and the temperature drop prevention cylinder 14. and enters the lower ladle 8'. Since the interior of the vacuum container 2 is vacuum and a large surface area is obtained when the molten metal falls, volatile impurities and gases can be efficiently removed.
上方のレードル８が空になつたら、回転リング
４を180゜回転させてレードル８，８′の位置を入
れ替え下方のレードル８のノズル９を閉じ、上方
のレードル８′のノズル９を開いて前記と同様の
操作により溶融金属を落下させる。 When the upper ladle 8 is empty, rotate the rotating ring 4 by 180 degrees to swap the positions of the ladles 8 and 8', close the nozzle 9 of the lower ladle 8, open the nozzle 9 of the upper ladle 8', and then Drop the molten metal using the same operation as above.
以上の操作を繰り返すことにより、溶融金属中
の不純物は効率よく除去される。又、レードル受
台６，６′には防熱カバー５を設けて輻射熱を防
止し、又温度降下防止筒１４により落下中の溶融
金属の輻射による放熱を防止すると共に、下方の
レードルからの放熱を防止することにより、溶融
金属の温度降下を防止して前記操作の繰り返し処
理を可能にしている。 By repeating the above operations, impurities in the molten metal are efficiently removed. In addition, a heat insulating cover 5 is provided on the ladle pedestals 6, 6' to prevent radiant heat, and a temperature drop prevention tube 14 prevents heat radiation due to radiation from falling molten metal, and also prevents heat radiation from the ladle below. This prevents the temperature of the molten metal from dropping, making it possible to repeat the above operations.
なお、本発明の溶融金属中の不純物除去方法及
びその装置は上述の実施例のみに限定されるもの
ではなく、蓋に測温装置、サンプリング装置等を
備えて処理後上方に移動したレードル中の溶融金
属の成分を測定すること、ノズルを複数個設ける
ことにより処理時間を短縮すること等、本発明の
要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え
得ることは勿論である。 Note that the method and device for removing impurities in molten metal of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the lid is equipped with a temperature measuring device, a sampling device, etc. to remove impurities in a ladle that is moved upward after processing. Of course, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention, such as measuring the components of the molten metal and shortening the processing time by providing a plurality of nozzles.
以上述べたように本発明の溶融金属中の不純物
除去方法及びその装置によれば、下記の如き種々
の優れた効果を発揮する。 As described above, the method and apparatus for removing impurities in molten metal of the present invention exhibits various excellent effects as described below.
(i) 回転リングに二個のレードルを取付けて交互
に落下処理するようにしたので、容易に真空処
理を繰返し行なうことができる。(i) Since two ladles are attached to the rotary ring and drop processing is performed alternately, vacuum processing can be easily repeated.
(ii) 温度降下防止筒を設置したので、処理中の温
度降下を防止できる。(ii) A temperature drop prevention tube was installed to prevent temperature drop during processing.
(iii) 設備、構造が単純であり且つ操業も簡単であ
る。(iii) The equipment and structure are simple and the operation is easy.
(iv) レードルに複数個のノズルを設置すれば、大
きな表面積を得ることが出来、短時間に多量の
溶融金属の処理をすることができる。(iv) By installing multiple nozzles on the ladle, a large surface area can be obtained and a large amount of molten metal can be processed in a short period of time.
(v) 測温装置、サンプリング装置等を備えれば、
溶融金属中の不純物の含量を容易に知ることが
できる。(v) If equipped with a temperature measuring device, sampling device, etc.
The content of impurities in molten metal can be easily determined.
第１図は本発明の溶融金属中の不純物除去装置
の説明図、第２図は第１図のレードル部の詳細説
明図である。
図中、２は真空容器、３は駆動ローラ、４は回
転リング、８，８′はレードル、９はノズル、１
３はヒータ、１４は温度降下防止筒、１５は蓋を
示す。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an apparatus for removing impurities in molten metal according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the ladle portion of FIG. 1. In the figure, 2 is a vacuum container, 3 is a drive roller, 4 is a rotating ring, 8, 8' is a ladle, 9 is a nozzle, 1
3 is a heater, 14 is a temperature drop prevention tube, and 15 is a lid.
Claims (1)
取付けた二個のレードルの上方のレードルから下
方のレードルへ溶融金属を加熱雰囲気中で落下さ
せ、次いで回転リングを180゜回転させた後上方の
レードルから下方のレードルへ溶融金属を加熱雰
囲気中で落下させることを繰り返すことを特徴と
する溶融金属中の不純物除去方法。 ２ 開閉自在なノズルを底部に有する２個のレー
ドルを回転リングに対向して取付け、該回転リン
グを真空容器内に回転自在に配設し、更に上方の
レードルのノズル下方であつて下方のレードルの
上方に加熱装置を有する温度降下防止筒を備えた
ことを特徴とする溶融金属中の不純物除去装置。[Claims] 1. In a vacuum vessel, molten metal is dropped in a heated atmosphere from the upper ladle to the lower ladle of two ladles installed opposite to the rotating ring, and then the rotating ring is rotated at 180° A method for removing impurities in molten metal, which comprises repeatedly rotating the molten metal and then dropping the molten metal from an upper ladle to a lower ladle in a heated atmosphere. 2. Two ladles each having a nozzle at the bottom that can be opened and closed are mounted facing each other on a rotating ring, and the rotating ring is rotatably disposed in a vacuum container, and the lower ladle is located below the nozzle of the upper ladle. An apparatus for removing impurities in molten metal, comprising a temperature drop prevention cylinder having a heating device above the cylinder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15549082A JPS5945058A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Method and device for removing impurities in molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15549082A JPS5945058A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Method and device for removing impurities in molten metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5945058A JPS5945058A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
| JPS6350099B2 true JPS6350099B2 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
Family
ID=15607181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15549082A Granted JPS5945058A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Method and device for removing impurities in molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5945058A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0353607U (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-05-23 | ||
| CN105312551A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-02-10 | 张家港市润坤耐磨材料有限公司 | Ash removing device for horizontal type heat preserving furnace |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102463340A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | Method for improving metallurgical quality of cast |
-
1982
- 1982-09-07 JP JP15549082A patent/JPS5945058A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0353607U (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-05-23 | ||
| CN105312551A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-02-10 | 张家港市润坤耐磨材料有限公司 | Ash removing device for horizontal type heat preserving furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5945058A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2530578C2 (en) | Flexible electric arc furnace with minimum electric power consumption and method of steel products fabrication | |
| KR20100017425A (en) | Device and method for obtaining non-ferrous metals | |
| DE1408908A1 (en) | Process for the production of alloy steel under vacuum with subsequent casting into semi-finished products | |
| US4790750A (en) | Automated flexible installation for a rapid thermochemical treatment | |
| US3380511A (en) | Apparatus for automatically filling a receptacle | |
| JPS6350099B2 (en) | ||
| US1554368A (en) | Process and apparatus for making steel | |
| WO1995032312A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for refining molten metal | |
| US3013789A (en) | Mobile apparatus for oxygen refining of metal | |
| EP0124541B1 (en) | Processing of metal | |
| JP4391653B2 (en) | Secondary meltable vacuum melting casting equipment | |
| US2300141A (en) | Remelting method and apparatus | |
| NO127754B (en) | ||
| EP0785402B1 (en) | Heat treatment installation for metallic article loads | |
| US5215709A (en) | Method and device for treatment of metal baths by means of a material having a high gas vapor potential | |
| US3633649A (en) | Decarburization of ferrous material under low pressure at elevated temperature | |
| JP3958384B2 (en) | Metal block manufacturing method and apparatus | |
| JPS5918437A (en) | Automatic continuous manufacturing apparatus of analysis sample solution for analysis | |
| JP2001198664A (en) | Vacuum casting and heat treatment apparatus | |
| US4427373A (en) | Method of discharging material from a rotary furnace | |
| US3341187A (en) | Apparatus for handling molten metal | |
| EP4192636B1 (en) | System for charging, melting and casting metal and metal alloys in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere and method for quasi-continuous melting and casting of metal in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere | |
| JPH0133269B2 (en) | ||
| Murakami et al. | Effect of Silica in Ash of Coke on Carburization and Melting of Iron | |
| JP2022525051A (en) | Manufacturing method of steel ingot |