JPS63500352A - Coating elements with light cascade effect especially for agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention provides a coating element with a light cascade effect, especially for agricultural purposes. By absorbing electromagnetic waves in the −th band of the specified wavelength, one or more optical cascades (Cα5cada 15m1na) re-emitting in the second band of luminescent and/or scintillating dopines forming Organic material containing multiple matigrgs (dopaga) It relates to a covering element of the type consisting of lix.

Applicant's French Patent Application No. 81.16678 (September 2, 1981) and No. 85.08385 discloses the use of such elements as cladding elements and weed control screens in agricultural greenhouses. It is written for film use. The first application uses wavelength bands that are unfavorable to plant growth. The aim is to absorb it and benefit plants' photosynthesis. In the second use, this and On the contrary, it absorbs light in the wavelength range that is effective for photosynthesis and suppresses the growth of plants. The purpose is to re-release the light of the field.

These two elements invented and developed by the applicant have been tested in experiments and field trials in various climate regions. Achieved excellent results. These results are particularly relevant to French Patent Application No. 81.16. Although it is disclosed in No. 678, it is completely unprecedented.

However, to date, the products manufactured for the above three purposes have two drawbacks, and the general It was too expensive for practical use. One is the drive used to form the original cascade. The other reason is that the cleaning agent is a very expensive and complex chemical substance. The stability of the doping agent in the liquid is relatively limited and the resulting product This is a major disadvantage in agricultural applications, as the useful life is significantly reduced. ing.

The essential purpose of the present invention is to improve the active life to enable general use in the three above-mentioned applications. The objective is to create improved elements.

The type coating element of the invention is made of organic material (IJ socks), which scatter incident light. It is characterized in that it further contains a material that makes it easier to use.

The presence of scattering material increases the stability of the doping agent in the organic material matrix In addition to significantly improving the yield of the formed optical cascade, This was unexpectedly discovered through a practical experiment. The combination of these two effects Although the reason for this is not clear, the scattering material protects the dopant from the directly incident light. Applicants believe that this increases the stability of the doping agent. Furthermore, Due to the presence of scattering material in the matrix, the number of incident light photons is The path length within the matrix increases, so that each photon has a path length across the matrix. The probability of encountering a dopant increases. For this reason, the predetermined nature of the elements of the invention With respect to the concentration of doping agent applied to the thickness, the yield of the optical cascade is It increases very significantly.

The scattering material of the invention is a mineral material used in the form of particles of very small diameter. .

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the scattering material is titanium oxide.

In another advantageous variant, the scattering material is ultrafine silica. Both these materials gives extremely satisfactory results.

However, known organic scattering materials, especially organic resins, may equally be used in the present invention. I can do it.

In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned materials are A thick film containing approximately 10 to 40% by weight of polystyrene resin in the form of an emulsion. Miro.

It is a polyethylene sheet of about 200μ to 200μ.

In a further advantageous variant of the invention, the organic material matrix comprises: Containing 1 to 3 x 10'' moles/liter of water as scattering material, approximately 3 thick This is Ryu's polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet.

The present invention provides that the absorption band of the original cascade is located at a wavelength that is not effective for photosynthesis in plants, -1 The re-emission band is a wavelength effective for photosynthesis, especially 4000 to 5000λ and 60 00 to 7000, and the doping agent Covers, especially for agricultural greenhouses, of the type containing one or more pentanuclear aromatic cyclic substances TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the use of scattering materials within elements to form elements.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned The concentration of the aromatic cyclic first material is approximately 5 x 10" moles/liter; That of the two substances is approximately 9 x 10-' moles/liter.

The reason why we were able to reduce the doping agent concentration so much (1ioo) was because of the organic material. The presence of scattering material in the material matrix improves the yield of the optical cascade. This is because

When such agricultural greenhouse covering element further contains third and fourth aromatic cyclic substances, Therefore, even if the concentration of these substances is reduced by the same proportion for a given sheet thickness, the optical radiation Skade yield does not decrease.

The absorption bands of the optical cascade are 4200 to 5000A0 and 6000 to 700A0 Covering the wavelength of 0A, the -1 re-emission band is 5000 to 6000A and 7000A, 4 and the doping agent is a first and a second aromatic cyclic substance. scattered on elements forming a weed-killing sheet placed on cultivated ground, of the type containing It is also an object of the invention to use the material.

In the present invention, the concentration of the first and second aromatic cyclic substances is approximately 80 μm thick. about 5 x 10-4 mol/liter and about 5 x 10-' for the sheet, respectively. mole/liter. Even if this doping agent concentration is reduced to -100%, it is clearly not suitable for this application. Although it is clearly possible, it does not reduce the convergence fjk of the original cascade.

The doping agents of the present invention can be prepared by simple compounding or by following known chemical bonding methods. ) Can be introduced into IJ socks. The latter method uses organic material matrix improve the stability of the dopant within the solution.

To further increase the yield of the optical cascade in the elements of the invention, the organic material M) Provide micropores at regular intervals on the entire surface of IJ France. The diameter of the hole is approx. 1 dragon is preferred, and the spacing is approximately 1. ．． 5 cm is preferred. This hole is responsible for re-emitting photons. It serves as a waveguiding means to avoid automatic absorption of photons when the average path exceeds a given critical length. Ru.

A set of diamond tip shapes on the surface of the organic material matrix exposed to the incident light. The yield of the optical cascade is further improved by adding an anti-reflective texture, such as a texture.

Other embodiments and advantages of the invention will be described in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will become clear in the morning.

FIG. 1 shows the results obtained with the prior art agricultural greenhouse cover sheet and the sheet of the present invention. Ombragg effect and optical cascade obtained by the sheet of the present invention FIG. 2 is a diagram conceptually showing the effect of the

Figures 2 to 5 show that the sheets of the present invention are used for cultivating various types of kidney beans in agricultural tunnels. FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a neutral (neutrg) film, the French patent application No. 81.1. 6768 and the film of the present invention. The resulting shielding effect is expressed as a percentage of the total incident solar energy as a function of wavelength. Solution To make it easier to understand, this figure shows the shielding effect as a uniform phenomenon over the entire wavelength band covered by the incident light. In other words, it is displayed as a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis of the figure. The top line is for reference only. represents the 100% level corresponding to the total energy of the incident light. Position below reference line The straight line represents the shielding effect of an ordinary ethylene-vinyl acetate sheet that does not contain any dopant. The result is approximately 85% of the incident light energy. The next line is the franc containing original cascade-forming dopants as described in Patent Application No. 81.16678. This figure shows shielding by ethylene-vinyl acetate sheet. This sheet is 8 of energy Allows 4% to pass through.

Finally, the line below shows the shielding effect that can be obtained with the film according to the invention and shows the incoming solar radiation. Only 76% of the light energy is transmitted, so the temperature does not increase excessively. , which alone provides a very advantageous and important shielding effect.

Furthermore, in Fig. 1, the re-emission band is the effective wavelength band for photosynthesis, that is, 000λ and an optical cascade located between 6000 and 7000A. The boxed lines 1 to 4 are shown to conceptually indicate the re-emission results.

Curves 2 and 4 represent the original cascade fibrils described in the applicant's said French patent application. The figure shows the re-emission obtained by the lumen, the top of which shows the incidence of the two bands, respectively. reaching 105% and 110% of the ray energy.

Curves 1 and 3 show the results obtained with the inventive film at 109% of the incident rays and and reached a level of 128%.

Thus, the present invention can improve the shielding effect of the sheet and the yield of light cascade at the same time. I understand that.

Thus, the present invention utilizes the sheet described in French patent application No. 81°16,678. This is a significant and unexpected improvement.

The elements described in the said patent application are characterized by poor stability of the doping agent and optical cues. The disadvantage is that the yield of cades is limited.

In the present invention, in addition to the doping agent in the organic material matrix, mineral materials and organic Introducing a scattering material such as extremely fine particles of resin. Such scattering materials increases the stability of the binding material and the yield of the original cascade and is therefore extremely expensive. This dramatically reduces the required concentration of doping agents.

Ultrafine mineral materials such as titanium oxide or silica are deposited to a thickness of approximately 100 to 200 mm. When used at a concentration of approximately 3 x 10-' moles/liter for a sheet of Finally, favorable results were obtained. Similarly, use organic resin such as polyester resin to a thickness of 1 It is used at a concentration of 10 to 20% for extremely thin films of 00 to 200μ. Ta.

The following examples are based on the agricultural temperature described in the applicant's French patent application no. 81°16678. This example shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a room covering film, but it is clear from this example. As expected, the present invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the concentration of doping agents. became. Each of the films in the examples below are as described in the French patent application cited above. Organic materials containing four types of doping agents formed from aromatic cyclic substances such as For example, it is composed of poly(methyl methacrylate).

Example 1゜ Film thickness = 80μ (HoIJ ethylene-ethylene/vinyl acetate) Doping agent concentration solu/liter 1 5 X 10-” 2 9 X 10-' 3　7　X　I　F’ 4 2.5X10-' Scattering agent polystyrene 20% by weight Example 2゜ Film thickness = 200μ (polyethylene-ethylene/vinyl acetate) Doping agent concentration mol/liter 3 2.5X10' 4 1.5X1 (1' Scattering agent polystyrene 7 10% by weight Since this density is a function of film thickness, the density cited in the above example is The light cascade yield is much lower (-100%) than that of is confirmed. This result was obtained using a scattering material, and the applicant This also explains some coincidentally good results observed during experiments with the greenhouse covering film of the prior invention. It's clear.

That is, the observed variation in the original cascade function is due to the fact that the optical cascade yield of scattered light is This can be explained by saying that it is more important than direct light.

The elements of the present invention provide the following two advantages for applications such as agricultural greenhouse covering elements: It is.

- For direct light, the elements of the invention form an effective filter scatterer and Limit heat and reduce the maximum and minimum illuminance intervals.

For single scattered light, the yield of the original cascade is even better, and the plant growth when necessary. promote. (coverage period before harvest season in %) In Examples 1 and 2, the above-mentioned scattering material and the following doping agent were used in combination. and obtained good results.

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Fourth substance ppo ppo pp.

The following is a description of the field tests carried out with a simple film and a similar film of the present invention. s) Showing the results of comparative cultivation experiments.

The variety of Nojishiya is VIT, basic plot of 40 frames (parcgle) :l:　mg*tatrms) was sown in November and completely harvested by the end of the third year of adulthood. .

Figures 2 to 5 show talisman (C, V, Ta l i sman, Figure 2), Martingal CC, V, Martingal, Fig. 3), Calpy (C, V, Ca1vy, Fig. 4) and crystal (C, V, Cr1stal, Fig. 5) This shows the production curve (cumulative yield Duram 7 days) of four types of kidney beans in a plot. At Moroguchi, the dashed line shows the normal ethylene-vinyl acetate control system without the optical cascade. One ignition line contains the light cascade and the scattering material. The figure shows the production amount achieved by the sheet of the present invention. When using the sheet of the present invention , it is clear that yield is improved for all varieties and throughout the entire plant development period. Ru. This result is particularly advantageous with respect to crystal species (FIG. 5). in this case, At the end of a normal harvest, the cumulative yield will exceed approximately 6,600 to 12,500 grams per plot. I can do it. The above results indicate that the concentration of the doping agent used in the film of the present invention is extremely high. This is completely unexpected given its rarity.

As previously disclosed, the present invention provides a light cascade-containing film that inhibits plant growth. The applicant's French patent application No. 85.08385 for the purpose of also applies. Again, the introduction of scattering materials into the organic material matrix results in Similarly, the concentration of doping substances can be reduced, yet the yield of the optical cascade can be increased. can be done. Approximately 80 mm thick containing two types of aromatic cyclic substances as dopants Regarding the μ factor, by introducing the scattering material of the present invention, the dopant concentration can be reduced to about 5 X I O-' moles/liter.

In the three previously cited applications, micropores of approximately 1 mm in diameter are formed in the organic material matrix. The results are further improved by spacing 1.5C7rL. In this 5th This allows the automatic absorption of photons to be avoided.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. ·Ku Fig, 2nd day 9.3 international search report 0111"wd4111"-PCT/FR8610n76ANNEX To fhE INTERNATIONAL 5EARCHREPORT ON

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Absorb electromagnetic waves in the first band of one or more predetermined wavelengths to generate one or more forming one or more optical cascades that re-emit at a second band of predetermined wavelengths; containing multiple luminescent and/or scintillating doping agents In a covering element composed of an organic material matrix, the organic material is A covering element characterized in that it further contains a light-scattering material. 2) The scattering material is a mineral material used in the form of particles of extremely small diameter. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3) The scattering material according to claim 2, wherein the scattering material is titanium oxide. element. 4) According to claim 2, wherein the scattering material is ultrafine silica. elements of. 5) The essentials according to claim 1, characterized in that the scattering material is an organic material. Basic. 6) The essentials according to claim 5, characterized in that the scattering material is an organic resin. Basic. 7) The above matrix contains polystyrene in the form of a uniform emulsion as a scattering material. Polyester with a thickness of about 100μ to 200μ containing about 10 to 20% by weight of resin 7. Element according to claim 6, characterized in that it is a tyrene sheet. 8) The organic material matrix contains 1 to 3 x 10-4 moles of water as a scattering material. About 3 mm thick polymethyl methacrylate (P 6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that it is a sheet of MMA). 9) Waves in which the absorption band(s) of the optical cascade is not effective for photosynthesis in plants. on the other hand, its re-emission band is exclusively located at wavelengths effective for photosynthesis, especially around 4000 Located in the bands included in the range of 5000 Å to 6000 Å to 7000 Å, and The doping agent is one or more types of 3-nucleotype primary aromatic cyclic substance and 1 type of 5-nucleotype secondary aromatic cyclic substance. Claim for forming covering elements for agricultural greenhouses of the type containing aromatic cyclic substances In the element according to any one of items 1 to 8, the thickness is 100 to 20 For a matrix of about 0μ, the concentration of the first aromatic cyclic substance is about 5×10 -3 mol/liter, and the concentration of the second aromatic cyclic substance is about 9×1 0-5 mol/liter Elements listed in any of the above. 10) Tertiary aromatic cyclic substance for a matrix with a thickness of about 100 to 200μ a tertiary aromatic ring, characterized in that the concentration of 10. A covering element according to claim 9 of the type containing a substance. 11) Form the fourth aromatic cyclic substance into a matrix with a thickness of approximately 100 to 200 μm. A claim characterized in that the content is 5 x 10-5 mol/liter. Coating element according to paragraph 10. 12) The absorption band of the optical cascade is 4200 to 5000 Å and 6000 to 7 000 Å, while the emission band extends from 5000 to 6000 Å. wavelengths included and wavelengths greater than 7000 Å, and the doping agent is the first and a second aromatic cyclic substance, a weed killing sheet for placement on cultivated land. in which the first and second aromatic cyclic substances are It is noted that the amount of each is about 5 x 104 mol/liter for a sheet with a thickness of about 80μ. The element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is characterized by: 13) Introducing the above-mentioned doping agent into the organic material matrix by compounding. A covering element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: 14) Introducing the doping agent into the organic material matrix by chemical bonding. A covering element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: 15) Providing micropores at regular intervals on the entire surface of the organic material matrix. The covering element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that Basic. 16) Diamonds are placed on the surface of the organic material matrix exposed to the incident light. Claims characterized in that an anti-reflective structure such as a point-shaped structure is provided. The covering element according to any one of items 1 to 12. 17) The pore diameter is approximately 1 mm, and the interval between them is approximately 1.5 cm. A covering element according to claim 16.