JPS6343266B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention relates to a shock absorber used in railway vehicles and the like.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] Conventionally, rubber shock absorbers have been used as shock absorbers for couplers of vehicles, etc., which have advantages such as being small, lightweight, having a large buffer capacity, being inexpensive and easy to maintain. It is being The load-deflection characteristics of rubber are non-linear and have an upwardly concave shape, so in the low load range where the cushioning is small, the cushioning capacity is small and the cushioning effect is large. Also, as the impact increases, the cushioning effect is not so great, but the cushioning capacity increases. Rubber shock absorbers provide a certain amount of initial pressure to compensate for the drawback of "sagging" caused by deterioration of the rubber after long-term use.
For this reason, if a force equal to or greater than the initial pressure is applied to the shock absorber, it will exhibit a predetermined performance, but if a force less than that is applied, there will be no buffering effect at all. Conventionally, to solve this problem, two rubber elastic bodies were used as shown in Figure 5.
A type of shock absorber is beginning to be used in which a horizontal H-shaped buffer frame is provided between both elastic bodies and the initial pressure is canceled out by each other. Although this shock absorber has a buffering effect even under low loads with small impact, it requires two sets of main elastic bodies instead of one set, and conventionally, elasticity only needs to be considered in the compression direction, whereas elasticity in the tension direction is Because of this, the compression range of the elastic body needs to be twice that of the conventional one, and for this reason, it is necessary to construct the elastic body by overlapping rubber pads with complicated shapes, and there is no concern about the aging of the rubber elastic body. New problems have arisen.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
103, main elastic body 1 installed between the pair of trailing plates
04 and auxiliary elastic means 105, 106 installed between the outside of each of the trailing plates and the buffer frame, respectively, is disclosed.
In this shock absorber, the secondary elastic means 105, 10
6 are coil springs 107, 108 with an installation load lower than the installation load of the main elastic body, installation bolts 109,
It is composed of cylindrical stoppers 110, 110', stoppers 112, 112' with spring seats 111, 111', etc. When the buffer frame 101 is pulled to the left in the drawing, the left side trailing plate 102 comes into contact with the trailing plate guard 114 of the vehicle body 113 and cannot be moved. As a result, the buffer frame 101, the right side trailing plate 103, and the right side secondary elastic means 106 move to the left while the left side trailing plate 102 remains in its original position. The main elastic body 104 and the right side secondary elastic means 106 are strongly pressed between the left side trailing plate 102 and the right side inner wall 116 of the buffer frame. In this case, the coil spring 108, which has a lower mounting load than the main elastic body 104, is mainly bent. This cushions small impulses. When the stoppers 110 and 112 come into contact with each other, the coil spring 1
Force is applied to the trailing plate 103 through the stopper without going through the stopper 08, and the main elastic body 108 bends to provide a buffer. In this way, the coil spring with a small installation load is compressed. For this reason, the secondary elastic means requires a stopper in order to prevent a force greater than the compressive breaking force of the coil spring from acting on it, and its structure becomes complicated.

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems by using a main elastic body and a pair of auxiliary elastic bodies and providing shoulders that abut within the buffer frame, and can also follow small impulses without a non-buffer band. The purpose is to provide a buffer.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the shock absorber for a coupler of the present invention includes a buffer frame having a pair of shoulders defining a central space and end spaces on both sides of the central space; a pair of trailing plates arranged in the central space and pressed against the shoulder portions; a main elastic body held in a compressed state between the pair of trailing plates in the central space; It is characterized by a pair of auxiliary elastic bodies held in a compressed state mainly in the end space between the opposite surface of the companion plate to the surface in contact with the elastic body and the buffer frame. It is.

In the shock absorber of the present invention, the initial pressure of the main elastic body is balanced by the initial pressure of the auxiliary elastic body. As a result, each of the pair of trailing plates is in a neutral position without being pressed strongly against the shoulders of the buffer frame.

Here, the buffer frame has a pair of shoulders defining a central space and end spaces on both sides of the central space. A trailing plate and a main elastic body are arranged within this central space. Furthermore, a pair of auxiliary elastic bodies are disposed within each end space. The pair of shoulders is for holding each trailing plate in contact with each other, and when compressive force or tensile force is applied to the buffer frame,
This is for pressing each of the companion plates. The main elastic body is held in a compressed state in the space between the respective trailing plates. Further, a secondary elastic body is held in a compressed state in the space between each of the following plates and the buffer frame, that is, in each end space, on the opposite side of the surface that the main elastic body of each of the following plates comes into contact with. Ru.

Further, one end of the buffer frame is usually provided with a mounting hole for connection to a vehicle coupler.

One surface of the pair of companion plates contacts the shoulder of the buffer frame and the end surface of the secondary elastic body, and the other surface contacts the end surface of the main elastic body. However, the one side is
Since it is configured to also come into contact with the guard plate of the vehicle body, when a tensile force or compressive force is applied to the buffer frame, the one surface can be separated from the inner surface of the buffer frame.

Both end surfaces of the main elastic body abut against the pair of companion plates. Further, the main elastic body is preferably one in which several plate-shaped rubber pads are stacked one on top of the other. However, the material is not limited to this, and materials similar to conventional elastic materials can be used.

The auxiliary elastic body is disposed within the end space of the buffer frame, and is assembled in a compressed state with both ends thereof abutting the buffer frame and the trailing plate, respectively. in this case,
Preferably, one of both ends is fixed to a buffer frame or a trailing plate to prevent the secondary elastic body from falling. Further, from the viewpoint of quietness, it is preferable to use block-shaped rubber as the sub-elastic body, but it is not necessarily limited to rubber. A coil spring, a disc spring, etc. may also be used.

[Operations and Effects] In the shock absorber of the present invention, each trailing plate contacts a pair of shoulders, and the initial pressure of the main elastic body and the initial pressure of the auxiliary elastic body are applied to each trailing plate in a well-balanced manner. act. Therefore, each of the pair of trailing plates is in a neutral position without being pressed strongly against the shoulders of the buffer frame. For example, if a compressive force is applied from one side of the buffer,
A companion plate disposed on one side is pressed by the shoulder and moves to the other side of the buffer frame. However, the trailing plate disposed on the other side of the shock absorber cannot be moved because it is in contact with the trailing plate guard on the vehicle body. As a result, the buffer frame, the trailing plate on one side, and the auxiliary elastic body move to the other side while the trailing plate on the other side remains in its original position. And the main elastic body is
It is strongly pressed between the two guide plates and further compressed.

Here, when the entire buffer moves to the other side, the guide plate on the one side moves integrally with the buffer frame because it is in contact with the shoulder of the buffer frame, and the guide plate on the one side moves integrally with the buffer frame. The distance between the companion board and the wall of the buffer frame remains unchanged. Therefore, the secondary elastic body on one side maintains a steady state when no force is applied, and is not compressed any further. On the other hand, since the distance between the abutting guide plate and the wall of the buffer frame increases, the secondary elastic body on the other side stretches from its compressed state and expands to its original state, that is, in the direction in which it is released. put out A force in a direction in which the compression of the secondary elastic body is extended and a force in a direction in which compression of the main elastic body is compressed act on each surface of the trailing plate. Therefore, the trail plate is in a neutral position, and even when a small force is applied, the trail plate moves easily, and the shock absorber can deflect and absorb the impact.

Further, in the shock absorber of the present invention, even if an external force is applied, the secondary elastic body is not compressed by acting on the secondary elastic body. Therefore, even when the secondary elastic body is used for a long period of time, its elastic effect is less affected. Furthermore, the secondary elastic body only needs to have elasticity, and no equipment such as a stopper is required. Therefore, its structure is simple. Further, as the secondary elastic body, it is also possible to use rubber or the like which is prone to sagging or the like.
Therefore, the structure of the shock absorber itself becomes simple and quietness can be improved.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

A plan view of a shock absorber for a coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, and an elevational view is shown in FIG. 2. This shock absorber includes a buffer frame 1 having shoulders 11, 12 and 13, 14 facing each other, a first trailing plate 2 that abuts the shoulders 11, 12, and a second trailing plate 3 that abuts the shoulders 13, 14. , 1st
The main elastic body 4 and the shoulder portion 1 are held in a compressed state between the surface 21 of the trailing plate 2 and the surface 31 of the second trailing plate 3.
The bottom surface 1 of the first recess 20 formed between 1 and 12
The protrusion 51 is inserted and fixed into the hole 151 of 5, and the first secondary elastic body 5 is held between the bottom surface 15 and the back surface 22 of the first follower plate 2 in a compressed state, and the shoulder portions 13 and 14 are formed. A protrusion 61 is inserted and fixed into a hole 171 in a bottom surface 17 of the second recess 16, and the second auxiliary elastic body 6 is held between the bottom surface 17 and the back surface 32 of the second follower plate 3 in a compressed state. The main elastic body 4 is made up of several plate-shaped rubber pads stacked one on top of the other. Also, the secondary elastic bodies 5 and 6
is a block of rubber. As shown in FIG.
74, each back surface 22, 3 of the first trailing plate 2 and the second trailing plate 3
2 are held in contact with each other. A vehicle coupler (not shown) is attached to the coupling part 18 formed at one end of the buffer frame.
are connected to the pin hole 19 by a pin (not shown). Then, when a tensile or compressive impulse occurs between two vehicles to which this impactor is attached,
The guide plates 71 to 74 of the vehicle body 7 and the impact frame 1 move relatively (approaching or separating in the left-right direction in FIG. 1) to absorb impulses.

The functions and effects of this embodiment will be explained below.

In FIG. 1, when the buffer frame 1 is pulled to the left with respect to the vehicle body 7, the elevation view of this buffer is
It becomes as shown by the solid line in the figure. That is, even if the buffer frame 1 is pulled to the left in FIG. 1, the first trailing plate 2 comes into contact with the trailing plate guards 71 and 72 of the vehicle body 7 and cannot be moved. As a result, the buffer frame 1, the second trail plate 3, and the second auxiliary elastic body 6 move inward while the first trail plate 2 remains in its original position. And the main elastic body 4 is the first
Strong pressure is applied between the trailing plate 2 and the second trailing plate, and the material is further compressed. On the other hand, since the distance between the first follow plate 2 and the bottom surface 15 of the buffer frame 1 is increased, the first auxiliary elastic body 5 is released from being compressed to its original state. In this state, the first secondary elastic body 5 is not held between the first follower plates 2, and the first secondary elastic body 5 is the bottom 1
5.

In FIG. 1, when the buffer frame 1 is pressed to the right side with respect to the vehicle body 7, the arrangement of the components of the buffer becomes as shown by the two-dot broken line in FIG. That is, the first trailing plate 2 is pressed against the shoulders 11, 12, the first secondary elastic body 5 returns to its original state, the second trailing plate 3 is separated from 13, 14, and the second secondary elastic body 6 is compressed. It is freed from and extends. However, even in this case, the main elastic body 4 is strongly compressed as in the case of tension.

The movement of the buffer frame 1 with respect to the vehicle body 7 is shown in a fourth deflection-load characteristic diagram. Fourth
In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the displacement (deflection) of the buffer frame 1 with respect to the vehicle body 7. The relative positions of the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1 are closer together as you go to the right in the diagram, and conversely, they become farther apart as you go to the left. The load indicates the compressive load of the main elastic body 4 and the two auxiliary elastic bodies 5 and 6. In addition,
Since the load on the tension side and the compression side are reversed, the load on the tension side is shown with the load reversed. In Figure 4, curve A-B
-C and curve DEF are deflection-load curves of the main elastic body 4. The load at point A is the load when the main elastic body 4 presses the second follower plate 3 in the state shown in FIG. 2, and the load at point D
The load at is the first when the main elastic body 4 is in the state shown in FIG.
This is the load that presses the companion plate 2. Although the loads at points A and D are in opposite directions, they are in the relationship of stress and reaction force, and both are equal. This load is the initial pressure of the main elastic body. The load and deflection at point C indicate the load and deflection between the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1 in the state shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. Further, the load and deflection at point F indicate the load and deflection between the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1 in the state shown by the solid line in FIG. The curve DG is the load-deflection characteristic curve of the second auxiliary elastic body 6, and the curve A-H is the load-deflection characteristic curve of the first auxiliary elastic body 5. The loads at points A and D are the initial pressures of the first auxiliary elastic body 5 and the second auxiliary elastic body 6.

In addition, the load on the curve OB is the sum of the loads that the second follower plate 3 receives from the main elastic body 4 and the second auxiliary elastic body 6, that is, the sum of the load on the curve A-B and the load on the curve DG. be. The load on the curve OB is the load between the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1. Similarly, the curve O-
The load E is the sum of the loads that the first trailing plate 2 receives from the main elastic body 4 and the first auxiliary elastic body 5, that is, the curve D-
It is the sum of the load of E and the load of curve A-H. The load on the curve OE is the load between the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1.

That is, in this buffer, the vehicle body 7 and the buffer frame 1
The load-deflection characteristic between is the curve C-B-O-E.
- Represented by F. Therefore, even if a force lower than the initial pressure of the main elastic body 4 is applied, this shock absorber can deflect and absorb the impulse. Also, curve C
-B-O-E-F is smooth, so stress acts smoothly. Therefore, a vehicle using the shock absorber of the present invention has less impact, smooth acceleration, and improved riding comfort.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a shock absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an elevation view thereof, Fig. 3 is an elevation view of the shock absorber when a load is applied, and Fig. 4 is this shock absorber. and a load-deflection characteristic diagram of the main elastic body and the secondary elastic body. Fig. 5 is an elevational view of a conventional shock absorber having two sets of rubber elastic bodies. Fig. 6 is a conventional shock absorber having a main elastic body and a secondary elastic means. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the buffer. In the figure, reference numerals 1 indicate a buffer frame, 2 indicates a first follower plate, 3 indicates a second follower plate, 4 indicates a main elastic body, 5 indicates a first sub-elastic body, and 6 indicates a second sub-elastic body.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A buffer frame having a pair of shoulders defining a central space and end spaces on both sides of the central space, and a buffer frame disposed in the central space and each abutting the shoulders. a pair of trailing plates that are pressed together, a main elastic body that is held in a compressed state between the pair of trailing plates in the central space, and a surface opposite to the surface of each of the trailing plates that is in contact with the elastic body; A shock absorber for a coupler, comprising a pair of auxiliary elastic bodies each held in a compressed state mainly within the end space between the buffer frame and the shock absorber. 2. The shock absorber for a coupler according to claim 1, wherein each of the auxiliary elastic bodies is made of rubber and is fixed to the buffer frame.