JPS6338438B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS6338438B2 JPS6338438B2 JP55102469A JP10246980A JPS6338438B2 JP S6338438 B2 JPS6338438 B2 JP S6338438B2 JP 55102469 A JP55102469 A JP 55102469A JP 10246980 A JP10246980 A JP 10246980A JP S6338438 B2 JPS6338438 B2 JP S6338438B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- sulfuric acid
- film
- colored film
- coloring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はアルミニウム着色皮膜形成法に係り、
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金等のアルミニ
ウムに硫酸浴中で陽極酸化処理を施した後、10〜
100g／の蓚酸と0.1〜5g／の硫酸を含む常温
の自然発色液を用いて、前記陽極酸化処理時の電
解電圧より高い40〜80Vの電解電圧、及び0.5〜
5A／ｄm2の電流密度で電解処理を施すことによ
り、着色皮膜の形成が容易、特に電解液の温度が
常温なので浴管理が容易で、かつ浅田法の如く重
金属塩を用いないので排液処理及び作業環境上極
めて優れたものとなり、さらには着色皮膜の光沢
が著しく優れたものになり、又着色皮膜の厚さが
厚くても比較的淡色のものとできるアルミニウム
の着色皮膜形成法を提供することを目的とする。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for forming an aluminum colored film,
After anodizing aluminum such as aluminum or aluminum alloy in a sulfuric acid bath,
Using a natural color-forming solution at room temperature containing 100g/of oxalic acid and 0.1~5g/of sulfuric acid, an electrolytic voltage of 40~80V, which is higher than the electrolytic voltage during the anodizing treatment, and 0.5~
By performing electrolytic treatment at a current density of 5 A/dm 2 , it is easy to form a colored film. In particular, since the temperature of the electrolyte is room temperature, bath management is easy, and since heavy metal salts are not used as in the Asada method, drainage treatment is easy. To provide a method for forming a colored film on aluminum, which is extremely excellent in terms of the work environment, and furthermore, allows the colored film to have extremely excellent gloss, and can be made relatively light in color even if the colored film is thick. The purpose is to
従来、アルミニウム表面に着色皮膜を形成する
方法として、例えば有機酸電解液により着色と同
時に陽極酸化皮膜を作る方法、アルミニウムを陽
極酸化処理後、金属塩を用いて二次電解し、着色
皮膜を得るといつた、例えば浅田法、又はアルミ
ニウムに陽極酸化皮膜を形成した後、Hz１〜６の
無機酸若しくは有機酸中で30℃以上の高温度下で
二次電解し、白色皮膜を得る方法（特公昭55−
21838号）等がある。しかし、これらの着色皮膜
形成法のうち、最初の方法は、膜厚によつて着色
濃度が決まり、例えば膜厚が厚くなると着色濃度
が濃く、厚膜においては比較的淡色のものとする
ことができない。そこで、淡色のものを得ようと
すると、膜厚を薄くせざるを得ないのであるが、
これでは膜厚が薄いので下地の表面状態が敏感に
反映し、着色むらが生じ易く、着色皮膜の美感が
劣つたものとなる。又、耐蝕性の面から建材等外
装材としての使用には適さない。又、浅田法に代
表される従来の二次電解着色法は、比較的高価な
金属塩を用いるので、その着色コストが高くつ
き、又液組成の管理が面倒であり、かつ金属塩を
含む排液処理も面倒なものとなり、さらには作業
環境上にも問題が残されている。又、特公昭55−
21838号に開示された方法は、二次電解時の液温
を必ず30℃以上の高温にしなければならず、それ
だけ浴管理が面倒なものとなり、しかも白色皮膜
しか作れないという致命的欠点がある。その他、
特公昭55−21118号に着色皮膜生成法が開示され
ているが、この方法においてもやはり金属塩を用
いたり、又二次電解時の浴温を50℃以上に保持し
なければならないといつた欠点がある。 Conventionally, methods for forming a colored film on an aluminum surface include, for example, using an organic acid electrolyte to color and simultaneously create an anodic oxide film, and after anodizing aluminum, secondary electrolysis is performed using a metal salt to obtain a colored film. For example, the Asada method, or the method of forming an anodic oxide film on aluminum and then performing secondary electrolysis in an inorganic or organic acid at Hz 1 to 6 at a high temperature of 30°C or higher to obtain a white film (special method) Kosho 55-
21838) etc. However, in the first of these methods for forming a colored film, the coloring density is determined by the film thickness; for example, the thicker the film, the higher the coloring density, and the thicker the film, the darker the coloring density. Can not. Therefore, if you want to obtain a light-colored product, you have no choice but to reduce the film thickness.
In this case, since the film is thin, the surface condition of the base is sensitively reflected, uneven coloring is likely to occur, and the colored film becomes less aesthetically pleasing. Also, due to its corrosion resistance, it is not suitable for use as exterior materials such as building materials. In addition, the conventional secondary electrolytic coloring method, typified by the Asada method, uses relatively expensive metal salts, resulting in high coloring costs, troublesome liquid composition control, and wastewater containing metal salts. Liquid processing becomes troublesome, and furthermore, problems remain in the working environment. Also, special public service in 1972-
The method disclosed in No. 21838 has the fatal drawback that the liquid temperature during secondary electrolysis must be kept at a high temperature of 30°C or higher, which makes bath management more troublesome, and that only a white film can be produced. . others,
A method for producing a colored film is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-21118, but this method also requires the use of metal salts and the need to maintain the bath temperature at 50°C or higher during secondary electrolysis. There are drawbacks.
本発明は上記欠点を除去したものであり、以下
その実施例について説明する。 The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, and examples thereof will be described below.
実施例 １
A1050P―H24のアルミニウム材を界面活性剤
により脱脂した後、100g／苛性ソーダ液で45
℃の条件下で２分間エツチングし、その後
100g／硝酸で中和し、アルミニウム材の前処
理をする。Example 1 After degreasing A1050P-H24 aluminum material with surfactant, 100g/45
Etch for 2 minutes at ℃, then
Neutralize with 100g/nitric acid and pre-treat the aluminum material.
その後、100〜200g／、例えば150g／の硫
酸電解液中で、約0.8〜2A／ｄm2の電流密度、15
〜20V、例えば17Vの電解電圧で15〜60分間、例
えば30分間電解処理し、9μの陽極酸化皮膜を形
成する。 Thereafter, in a sulfuric acid electrolyte of 100-200 g/, e.g. 150 g/, a current density of about 0.8-2 A/dm 2 ,
Electrolytic treatment is performed at an electrolytic voltage of ~20V, for example 17V, for 15 to 60 minutes, for example 30 minutes, to form a 9μ thick anodic oxide film.
次に、二次電解液として、蓚酸と硫酸の混液、
望ましくは蓚酸が10〜100g／、例えば60g／
の水溶液、硫酸が0.1〜5g／、例えば2g／の
水溶液からなる電解液中で、液温が望ましくは15
〜25℃、例えば20℃、電解電圧が望ましくは40〜
80V、例えば55Vの直流又は交流重畳で、電流密
度が望ましくは0.5〜5A／ｄm2の条件下で２〜30
分間陽極酸化処理し、約１〜15μの琥珀色系の着
色皮膜をさらに形成する。 Next, as a secondary electrolyte, a mixture of oxalic acid and sulfuric acid,
Preferably oxalic acid is 10 to 100g/, for example 60g/
In an electrolytic solution consisting of an aqueous solution containing 0.1 to 5 g of sulfuric acid, for example, 2 g of sulfuric acid, the solution temperature is preferably 15
~25℃, e.g. 20℃, electrolysis voltage preferably 40~
80V, e.g. 55V DC or AC superimposed current density is preferably 2-30V under conditions of 0.5-5A/ dm2 .
Anodic oxidation treatment is performed for a minute to further form an amber colored film of about 1 to 15 μm.
最後に、10〜30分間脱イオン沸騰水封孔処理等
の後処理を行なう。 Finally, post-treatment such as deionized boiling water sealing treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes.
実施例 ２
実施例１と同材料を用いて、実施例１と同様に
前処理を施した後、実施例１と同様にして20分間
電解処理し、6μの陽極酸化皮膜を形成する。そ
の後、実施例１と同様にして、電解電圧が60Vの
条件下で５〜15分間陽極酸化処理し、約２〜7μ
の着色皮膜をさらに形成する。最後に実施例１と
同様に後処理を施す。Example 2 Using the same material as in Example 1, pretreatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and then electrolytic treatment was performed for 20 minutes in the same manner as in Example 1 to form an anodic oxide film of 6μ. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, anodization treatment was performed for 5 to 15 minutes at an electrolytic voltage of 60V, and approximately 2 to 7μ
A colored film is further formed. Finally, post-treatment is performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
比較例 １
実施例１において、前処理後硫酸電解液中で陽
極酸化処理を施さず直ちに実施例１と同様に蓚酸
硫酸混液中で陽極酸化処理を行ない、着色皮膜を
形成した後、実施例１と同様に後処理を施す。Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, after the pretreatment, the anodizing treatment was not performed in the sulfuric acid electrolyte, but immediately anodizing treatment was performed in the oxalic acid/sulfuric acid mixture in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a colored film. Perform post-processing in the same way.
比較例 ２
実施例１において、硫酸と蓚酸との混合液を用
いての電解処理時の電流密度を7A／ｄm2とする
他は全く同様に行なう。Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the current density during the electrolytic treatment using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid was changed to 7 A/dm 2 .
比較例 ３
実施例１において、硫酸と蓚酸との混合液を用
いての電解処理時の電流密度を0.1A／ｄm2とす
る他は全く同様に行なう。Comparative Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the current density during the electrolytic treatment using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid was changed to 0.1 A/dm 2 .
比較例 ４
実施例１において、硫酸と蓚酸との混合液を用
いての電解処理時の硫酸濃度を6g／とする他
は全く同様に行なう。Comparative Example 4 Example 1 was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sulfuric acid concentration during the electrolytic treatment using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid was changed to 6 g/.
比較例 ５
実施例１において、硫酸と蓚酸との混合液を用
いての電解処理時の蓚酸濃度を8g／とする他
は全く同様に行なう。Comparative Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the oxalic acid concentration during the electrolytic treatment using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid was changed to 8 g/.
比較例 ６
実施例１において、硫酸と蓚酸との混合液を用
いての電解処理時の硫酸濃度を0.05g／とする
他は全く同様に行なう。Comparative Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the sulfuric acid concentration during the electrolytic treatment using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid was changed to 0.05 g/.
上記実施例１、２及び比較例によつて形成され
た着色皮膜の着色濃度及び光沢を測定した結果を
第１図及び第２図に示す。同図中、実線は実施例
１によるもの、点線は実施例２によるもの、一点
鎖線は比較例１によるものを示す。これによれ
ば、本発明による着色皮膜の濃度は、従来の自然
発色法によるものよりも同一膜厚でも比較的淡色
のものとなり、従つて膜厚を厚くしても比較的淡
色のものを得ることができる。しかも膜厚が比較
的厚ければ下地の影響はなく、従つて着色むらも
なく、その美感は優れたものである。又、第２図
に示す如く、鏡面光沢度についても本発明による
ものは従来の自然発色法によるものより著しく優
れており、着色による光沢度の低下は極めて小さ
い。又、着色皮膜の耐蝕性及び耐摩耗性について
も、実施例１及び２によるものは比較例１による
ものとほとんど同じであり、耐蝕性及び耐摩耗性
についても優れたものであつた。 The results of measuring the color density and gloss of the colored films formed in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the figure, the solid line shows the result of Example 1, the dotted line represents the result of Example 2, and the dashed line represents the result of Comparative Example 1. According to this, the density of the colored film according to the present invention is relatively lighter than that obtained by the conventional natural coloring method even with the same film thickness, and therefore, even if the film thickness is increased, a relatively lighter color can be obtained. be able to. Furthermore, if the film is relatively thick, there will be no influence from the underlying material, so there will be no uneven coloring, and the aesthetic appearance will be excellent. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the specular gloss of the present invention is significantly superior to that of the conventional natural coloring method, and the decrease in gloss due to coloring is extremely small. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the colored coatings according to Examples 1 and 2 were almost the same as those according to Comparative Example 1, and the corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance were also excellent.
尚、二次電解の際の液温が高くなると、例えば
30℃といつた高温になると、着色が不充分なもの
となり、又低すぎる温度では電解液を強力に冷却
する必要があり、大容量の冷凍機を必要とするの
で望ましくなく、又電解電圧が高くなりすぎると
皮膜に焼けが生じ、逆に低すぎると発色が不充分
なものとなり、又比較例３に示す如く電流密度が
小さすぎると着色が不充分であり、逆に比較例２
に示す如く大きすぎると焼けが生じ、又蓚酸が10
〜100g／硫酸が約0.1〜5g／としたのは、例
えば蓚酸が10g／以下硫酸が0.1g／以下では
比較例５及び比較例６に示す如く着色不充分で、
又比較例４に示す如く硫酸が5g／以上となる
と焼けが生じた。 In addition, when the liquid temperature during secondary electrolysis increases, for example,
At temperatures as high as 30°C, the coloring will be insufficient, and at temperatures that are too low, the electrolyte must be strongly cooled, which is undesirable and requires a large-capacity refrigerator. If the current density is too high, the film will be burnt, and if it is too low, the coloring will be insufficient.As shown in Comparative Example 3, if the current density is too low, the coloring will be insufficient.
As shown in the figure, if it is too large, it will cause burns, and if the oxalic acid is
~100g/sulfuric acid/approximately 0.1-5g/is because, for example, if oxalic acid is 10g/or sulfuric acid is 0.1g/or less, coloring is insufficient as shown in Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
Furthermore, as shown in Comparative Example 4, when the amount of sulfuric acid exceeded 5 g/min, burning occurred.
上述の如く、本発明に係るアルミニウムの着色
皮膜形成法は、アルミニウムに硫酸浴中で陽極酸
化処理を施した後、10〜100g／の蓚酸と0.1〜
5g／の硫酸を含む常温の自然発色液を用いて、
前記陽極酸化処理時の電解電圧より高い40〜80V
の電解電圧、及び0.5〜5A／ｄm2の電流密度で電
解処理を施し、アルミニウムに着色被膜を形成す
るので、着色皮膜の形成が容易であり、特に電解
液の温度は常温付近なので浴管理が極めて簡単で
あり、しかも電解液として安価で排液処理の簡単
な蓚酸や硫酸を用いることができ、高価でかつ排
液処理に難点のある金属塩を用いる必要が全くな
く、又着色皮膜には着色むらがなく、しかも光沢
にも優れており、着色皮膜の美感は極めて優れて
おり、建築材料等に適したものとなり、さらに膜
厚が厚くても比較的淡色のものとすることがで
き、又耐蝕性、耐候性及び耐摩耗性にも優れたも
のである等の特長を有する。 As mentioned above, in the method of forming a colored film on aluminum according to the present invention, aluminum is anodized in a sulfuric acid bath and then treated with 10 to 100 g of oxalic acid and 0.1 to 0.1 g of oxalic acid.
Using a natural coloring solution at room temperature containing 5g of sulfuric acid,
40~80V higher than the electrolytic voltage during the anodizing process
Electrolytic treatment is performed at an electrolytic voltage of 0.5 to 5 A/dm 2 and a current density of 0.5 to 5 A/dm 2 to form a colored film on aluminum, making it easy to form a colored film. In particular, since the temperature of the electrolyte is around room temperature, bath management is easy. It is extremely simple, and can use oxalic acid or sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, which is inexpensive and easy to treat as a waste liquid.There is no need to use expensive metal salts, which are difficult to treat as a waste liquid. It has no uneven coloring and has excellent gloss, and the colored film has an extremely good aesthetic appearance, making it suitable for construction materials, etc., and even if the film is thick, it can be relatively light-colored. It also has features such as excellent corrosion resistance, weather resistance, and abrasion resistance.
第１図は膜厚と着色濃度との関係を示すグラ
フ、第２図は膜厚と鏡面光沢度との関係を示すグ
ラフである。
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between film thickness and coloring density, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between film thickness and specular gloss.
Claims (1)
した後、10〜100g／の蓚酸と0.1〜5g／の硫
酸を含む常温の自然発色液を用いて、前記陽極酸
化処理時の電解電圧より高い40〜80Vの電解電
圧、及び0.5〜5A／ｄm2の電流密度で電解処理を
施し、アルミニウムに着色皮膜を形成することを
特徴とするアルミニウムの着色皮膜形成法。 ２ 常温は15〜25℃である特許請求の範囲第１項
記載のアルミニウムの着色皮膜形成法。[Scope of Claims] 1. After anodizing aluminum in a sulfuric acid bath, a natural coloring solution at room temperature containing 10 to 100 g of oxalic acid and 0.1 to 5 g of sulfuric acid is used to perform the anodizing treatment. 1. A method for forming a colored film on aluminum, which comprises forming a colored film on aluminum by electrolytically treating the aluminum at an electrolytic voltage of 40 to 80 V higher than the electrolytic voltage and a current density of 0.5 to 5 A/dm 2 . 2. The method for forming a colored film on aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the room temperature is 15 to 25°C.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10246980A JPS5729595A (en) | 1980-07-28 | 1980-07-28 | Formation of colored film of aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10246980A JPS5729595A (en) | 1980-07-28 | 1980-07-28 | Formation of colored film of aluminum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5729595A JPS5729595A (en) | 1982-02-17 |
| JPS6338438B2 true JPS6338438B2 (en) | 1988-07-29 |
Family
ID=14328305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10246980A Granted JPS5729595A (en) | 1980-07-28 | 1980-07-28 | Formation of colored film of aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5729595A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62133240A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-06-16 | 三井建設株式会社 | Structural material |
| JP2619171B2 (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1997-06-11 | 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 | Organic photoreceptor for electrophotography and base treatment method thereof |
| US7008463B2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2006-03-07 | Central Research Institute Of Electric Power Industry | Method for producing amorphous metal, method and apparatus for producing amorphous metal fine particles, and amorphous metal fine particles |
| CN1325698C (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2007-07-11 | 东莞理工学院 | Process for producing ordered porous anodic alumina form |
| CN100460092C (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2009-02-11 | 东莞理工学院 | Method for improving quality of nanometer particle material |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS497136A (en) * | 1972-05-12 | 1974-01-22 | ||
| JPS506536A (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1975-01-23 | ||
| JPS5332351A (en) * | 1976-09-08 | 1978-03-27 | Boeicho Gijutsu Kenkyu Honbuch | Main body of fuel cell |
| JPS5696060A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-03 | Seiko Epson Corp | Stainless alloy for casting |
| JPS5696061A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Cobalt-nickel alloy magnetic thin film |
-
1980
- 1980-07-28 JP JP10246980A patent/JPS5729595A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS497136A (en) * | 1972-05-12 | 1974-01-22 | ||
| JPS506536A (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1975-01-23 | ||
| JPS5332351A (en) * | 1976-09-08 | 1978-03-27 | Boeicho Gijutsu Kenkyu Honbuch | Main body of fuel cell |
| JPS5696060A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-03 | Seiko Epson Corp | Stainless alloy for casting |
| JPS5696061A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Cobalt-nickel alloy magnetic thin film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5729595A (en) | 1982-02-17 |
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