JPS6338308A - Switching device for plane of polarization - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a compact and lightweight switching device for plane of polarization by connecting a 1st and a 2nd switches of a four-port switch to an antenna and a transmitter or a receiver respectively and providing a specific operating means for plane of polarization between the 1st and 2nd switches. CONSTITUTION:The 1st and 2nd four-port switches S5 and S6 are connected to an antenna 3 and a transmitter or receiver 2 respectively. An operating means for plane of polarization is set between both switches S5 and S6 and distributes the high frequency electric power to two transmission lines L5 and L6 to operate the phase of said electric power of the line L5 or to synthesize the electric powers of both lines L5 and L6 after operation of the phase of the line L5. Then it is possible to select a vertical polarized wave, a horizontal polarized wave or a right/left polarized wave according to combinations of switching positions of both switches S5 and S6.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to a method in which the plane of polarization of radio waves received or transmitted by an antenna is vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, right-handed circularly polarized, or left-handed circularly polarized. The present invention relates to a polarization plane switching device for switching to a polarization plane.

[Prior art]

If the polarization plane of the destination for transmitting or receiving radio waves is unknown, or if the optimal polarization plane differs depending on the object, such as monopulse radar, the polarization plane of the transmitted or received radio waves is switched. A switching device should be used.

As shown in FIG. 3, a conventional polarization plane switching device 1 is installed between a transmitter/receiver (transmitter, receiver, or transmitter/receiver) 2 and an antenna 30, and is used to switch high-frequency power transmission lines. 4
3-port switch S, ~S4, and 2 transmission paths (a)
, (B) A combiner that combines the high frequency power and outputs it to the transmission line (E) (in the case of reception), or distributes the high frequency power of the transmission line (E) to the two transmission paths (A) and (B) It has a distributor A, and between the 3-port switch Sl and b1, there is a line of length t between the ports 91, and a line of length t+λ/4) between the ports 91 and baud) (λ is the wavelength of the radio wave, (the same applies hereinafter), and between the 3-port switch S8 and 84,
A line L3 of length t is provided between ports 21, and a line L3 of length t+λ/2) is provided between ports 21 and 9g.

To explain the operation of the conventional example using the case of transmission as an example, transmitter 2
The transmission power outputted from is input to the polarization plane switching device 1, and is distributed by the distributor A to two transmission paths (a) and naka), each of which reaches the respective port pI of the 3-port switch 82, S4. .

When the switching positions of all the 3-port switchers 81 to S are between ps and 9w as shown by the solid lines, K is (a) -
The line length between (c) and (b) - (is 4, so each element a, b of the antenna 3 (two elements) a, b
are perpendicular to each other and inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction. ) K is supplied with transmission power in the same phase, and is combined in the same phase in the antenna 3, so that the transmitted radio wave becomes a horizontally polarized wave.

The switching positions of the 3-port switch S1 and SH are between ports p+ and ps as shown by the solid line, and the switching positions of the 3-port switch S1 and SH are between ports p+ and ps, and the switching positions of the 3-port switch S1 and SH are between ports p+ and ps, and the switching positions of the 3-port switch S1 and SH are between ports p+ and ps, as shown by the solid line. As shown by the broken line, the switching position of port p1. When it is between p1, the line length between (c) - 〇 (for 4 and (b) -)
Since The transmitted radio waves are vertically polarized.

When the switching positions of all 3-port switchers S, -S, are between P+ and Pa as shown by the broken lines, (A) -
(c) for the line length (t+λ/4) between (b) -)
Since the line length (t+λ/2) between antennas 3 and 3 is longer by λ/4, the phase of the transmission power supplied to IL of antenna 3 lags the phase of the transmission power supplied to IL of antenna 3 by π/2. By combining the above two transmission powers in the antenna 3, the transmitted radio wave becomes a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

The switching positions of the 3-port switch S, , S, are located between K P + r Pa as shown by the broken line, and the switching position of the 3-port switch S1. When the SH switching position 7 is between P+ and Pa as shown by the solid line, K is the line length between (b) and (c) with respect to the line length (l+λ/4) between (a) and (c). Line length (
Since A is shorter by λ/4, the phase of the transmission power supplied to element a of antenna 3 leads the phase of the transmission power supplied to element b by π/2, and
By combining the two transmission powers mentioned above, the transmitted radio wave becomes a left-handed circularly polarized wave.

As explained above, 3 port switch S! By selecting the switching position in ~S4, one of four polarization planes of the transmitted radio waves can be selected. Further, regarding the received radio waves, the polarization plane of the radio waves that can be received can be selected from one of four types by similarly switching the three-port switchers SI to S4.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

As is well known, a switch for switching high-frequency power is different from a normal switch in that it is large and heavy. In particular, waveguides are used as a means of transmitting high-frequency power at frequencies above the C-band, but the waveguide switch is a so-called block of metal and is extremely heavy and large. The price is also high.

For example, monopulse radar normally has three channels for transmission and reception, so the conventional polarization plane switching device requires 12 large and heavy switching devices, making the system large and heavy. It is heavy and expensive.

The present invention is proposed to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a small, lightweight, and low-cost polarization plane switching device. Therefore, the present invention uses a 4-port switch as a switch, connects the first switch to the antenna, the second switch to the transmitter or receiver, and connects the first switch to the transmitter or receiver. Either divide the high frequency power into two transmission paths and manipulate the phase of the high frequency power on one transmission path, or manipulate the phase of the high frequency power on one transmission path and then divide the two transmission lines including this transmission line. [Configuration of Embodiment] Figures 1 and 2 are circuit diagrams showing a first embodiment and a second embodiment of the present invention, respectively. It is.

The configuration of the first embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the polarization plane switching bag f1 according to the present invention includes two 4-port switching devices S6. 86, and a combiner A that combines two high frequency powers (in the case of reception) or a distributor A that divides one high frequency power into two paths (in the case of transmission).

Between the terminals d and e on the distribution side of the combiner or distributor A and the ports pl of the 4-port switch S and S6, respectively, the total line length between the terminals d and e and the antenna 3 is connected. Transmission lines L!+ and L6, respectively (t+7/4) and (4), are provided, and the combining side terminal C of the combiner or distributor A is connected to port pmK of the 4-port switch S6.

The bauds 1-p of the 4-port switch S, and the baud 1-p of the 4-port switch S6 are connected to each other, and ports p+ and p of the 4-port switch S are connected to each element a of the antenna 3. and b. Further, the transmitter/receiver 2 is connected to port No. 9 of the 4-port switch S.

In addition, the two elements a and b of the antenna 30 are provided perpendicularly to each other, and the element 8 is arranged horizontally.
are set vertically.

Note that the line lengths from ports p+ and pt of the four-port switch S to elements a and b-4 of the antenna 3 are set to be the same.

Next, a second embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG.

The second embodiment uses a π/2 phase operation hybrid (hereinafter referred to as π/2) instead of the combiner or distributor A in the first embodiment.
Using a 2-hybrid (1) B, the corresponding π/2 hybrid B (1) terminals d, e and a 4-port switch S
II, port ps of S6 are connected by transmission lines L'F, L'8 having the same length from the terminals d, e to the antenna 3, other than the above. The relationship between the coupling and the line length is the same as in the first embodiment (FIG. 1).

π/2 hybrid B has two pairs of terminals d, e and f, c, and by terminating one terminal f of one pair of terminals f, c with a load R, the high frequency power of terminal d is transferred to terminal e. This is a circuit element whose phase lags the high frequency power by π/2, and is itself known.

In the first embodiment, the antenna 3 passing through the transmission line
Since the line length (t+λ/4) of all the transmission lines up to Since the phase difference between the high frequency powers of the terminals d and e can be maintained at π/2, a polarization plane switching device with broadband characteristics can be obtained in the second embodiment.

[Effect of the embodiment]

The operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be explained using Example K, which is a case of transmission in the first embodiment.

Two 4-port switchers S11. As shown by the solid line, the switching positions of S and P! are between P+ and P+ and p! =
When the pH is between K, the transmission power from transmitter 2 is [Transmitter 2 → 4-port switch S, (p4 → p+) → 4-port switch 5II (p4 → p+) → Antenna 3 (Niremen)
a) Aerial IIi on the path of J! It is supplied to element a of No. 3. Element b of the antenna 3 is not supplied with power. Since the beam 1-a of the antenna 3 is set horizontally, the transmitted radio waves are horizontally polarized.

The switching position of the 4-port switch S is between Kpl ps and pt I4 as shown by the broken line, and the switching position of the 4-port switch S6 is between pI and pI as shown by the solid line.
94 and between ps and ps, the transmission power from transmitter 2 is t, 1 [transmitter 2 → 4 port switch 5
s (p number → p+) → 4 port switch S should (p number → p go)
→Niremen 1-bK of antenna 3 is supplied via the route of antenna 3 (Niremen) b)J.

Element a of the antenna 3 is supplied with power. Since the beam (b) of the antenna 3 is set vertically, the transmitted radio wave becomes a vertically polarized wave.

The switching position of the 4-port switch SI+ is between pI 94 and pt 94 as shown by the solid line, and the switching position of the 4-port switch S6 is between KpI and PT 94 as shown by the broken line.
T) between 3 and pt 94, the transmit power from transmitter 2 is transferred to port p4 of the 4-port switch S-.
．． The signal is input to terminal C of distributor A via P*, and is then distributed and output to two terminals d and e. The transmission power distributed to the terminal d is supplied to the antenna 3 via the route of [terminal d → → transmission line path, → 4-port switch 5i (ps → pt ) → antenna 3 (niremen) b) J] , and terminal e
The transmission power distributed to [terminal e → transmission line -6 → 4
Port switcher acps→p+)→4 port switcher Sw(
P4→p+)→Aerial fj on the route of antenna 3 (element a) J! 3 of Niremen) aK is supplied.

Since the total line length up to element b via transmission line L6 is longer by λ/4 than the total line length up to element a via transmission line L6, the phase of the transmission power supplied to element b is shifted to element a. The phase of the transmitted power is delayed by π/2, and by combining the above two transmitted powers in the antenna 3, the transmitted radio wave becomes a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

As shown by the broken lines, the switching positions of the two 4-port switchers Sll+Sll are between 'Pr Pa and p
g94, the transmission power from the transmitter 2 is output from the terminal CK ratio of the distributor A as in the case of the right-handed circularly polarized wave, where it is divided and output to the terminals d and e. The transmission power distributed to terminal d is [terminal d → → transmission line path, →
The transmission power is supplied to the element a of the antenna 3 through the path of 4-port switch 5s (ps → p+) → antenna 3 (element a) J, and the transmitted power distributed to terminal et/C is transmitted from terminal e → transmission line -6. → 4-port switch s (Pg → p+) → 4-port switch 5II (p number → pt) → antenna 3 (element b) Element bK of antenna 3 is supplied through the route J. As a result, element a, element b The relationship between the line lengths of the power supply paths to element bK is the opposite of that for right-handed circularly polarized waves, and the phase of the transmitted power supplied to element bK is π/2 Therefore, by combining the above two transmission powers in the antenna 3, the transmitted radio wave becomes a left-handed circularly polarized wave.

The effect explained above is the effect in the case of transmitted radio waves,
In the case of received radio waves, distributor A becomes combiner A, transmitter 2 becomes receiver 2, and the direction of high-frequency power transmission is reversed.The above explanation makes the operation in the case of received radio waves easy. can be understood.

In addition, in the second embodiment, π/2)・Ibrid B
Since the high frequency power at the terminal d is delayed by π/2 phase from the high frequency power at the other terminals e and e, there is no need for phase manipulation based on the length of the transmission line as in the first embodiment. The only difference from the first embodiment is this point, and the operation is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Furthermore, the relationship between the switching positions of the 4-port switch S8 and S6 in the second embodiment and the selected polarization plane is also the same as that of the first embodiment.
It is the same as the example.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above description, the polarization plane switching device according to the present invention requires only half the number of switchers for switching high-frequency power compared to the conventional one (for example, a three-channel monopulse radar requires 12 switches in the past). According to the present invention, only six switching devices are required.

The difference is that the switch used is conventionally a 3-port switch, whereas the present invention uses a 4-port switch.
There is almost no difference in shape, weight, and price between a 3-port switch and a 4-port switch (especially in the case of a waveguide switch, one port of a switch that originally has 4 ports is left unused). (They are exactly the same since they are used as a 3-port switch.) However, the above differences do not impair the effects of the present invention.

As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, a polarization plane switching device can be provided in a small size, light weight, and low cost, and its effects are extremely large.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are circuit diagrams showing a first embodiment and a second embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a conventional example. (Main symbols) 1...Polarization plane switching device A...Synthesizer/divider B...π/2 hybrid b6, S6...4 port switch L,,L,...
・Transmission line.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first 4-port switch connected to an antenna, a second 4-port switch connected to a transmitter or receiver, and the first and second 4-port switch Either the high-frequency power is distributed between the two transmission paths and the phase of the high-frequency power of one transmission path is manipulated, or the phase of the high-frequency power of one transmission path is manipulated and then the phase of the high-frequency power of the two transmission paths is controlled. It is a polarization plane manipulation means for synthesizing high frequency power, and the first and second
A polarization plane switching device in which vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, right-handed polarization, or left-handed polarization can be selected by combining the switching positions of the 4-port switch. 2 The polarization plane manipulation means is configured so that one line is λ more than the other line.
4. The polarization plane switching device according to claim 1, which comprises a pair of long /4 (λ is wavelength) long lines and a combiner or a divider. 3. The polarization plane switching device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization plane manipulation means is a π/2 phase manipulation hybrid.