JPS63312578A - Reed valve - Google Patents
Reed valveInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63312578A JPS63312578A JP14613487A JP14613487A JPS63312578A JP S63312578 A JPS63312578 A JP S63312578A JP 14613487 A JP14613487 A JP 14613487A JP 14613487 A JP14613487 A JP 14613487A JP S63312578 A JPS63312578 A JP S63312578A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reed valve
- valve
- base material
- metal
- metal layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Check Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、各種のエンジンにおいて気化器からの燃料の
吸入部に用いられるリード弁に係り、特に耐久性を大き
く向上させたリード弁に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a reed valve used in a suction section for fuel from a carburetor in various engines, and particularly to a reed valve with greatly improved durability.
（従来技術とその問題点）
一般に、２サイクルエンジン等においては気化器からの
燃料の吸入部に第５図および第６図に示すようなリード
弁装置１が設けられている。(Prior Art and its Problems) Generally, in a two-stroke engine or the like, a reed valve device 1 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is provided at a suction portion of fuel from a carburetor.
このリード弁＠＠１は弁本体２をもって燃料の吸入部に
取付けられている。この弁本体２は燃料を吸込む入口３
と吐出す３個の出口４．４・・・とを有する帽体状に形
成されており、ボルト等の緊締具（図示せず）をもって
適正位置に固着される。This reed valve @@1 is attached to a fuel suction portion with a valve body 2. This valve body 2 has an inlet 3 that sucks fuel.
and three discharge outlets 4, 4, etc., and is fixed in a proper position with a fastener (not shown) such as a bolt.
また、各出口４が穿設されているサポート５の外側には
、各出口４を１Ｆ１１１！Ｉする薄板状の樹脂製または
金Ｂ製のリード弁６と、このリード弁６の［ｆｆｌ Ｉ
ｆｆを外側から規制する弯曲した金ａｖＪのストッパ７
とが締着ボルト８．８・・・をもって固着されている。In addition, each exit 4 is provided on the outside of the support 5 in which each exit 4 is drilled 1F111! A thin plate-shaped reed valve 6 made of resin or gold B, and [ffl I
Curved gold AVJ stopper 7 that regulates ff from the outside
and are fixed with tightening bolts 8.8...
更に説明するど、リード弁６は、樹１ｉｆｔ製の場合は
ｍＭに樹脂を含浸させた薄板材、金属製の場合はステン
レス等の薄金属板材からそれぞれプレス打抜き加工によ
って打抜かれたものであり、各出口４を開閉する３本の
開閉可動部５ａ、５ａ・・・を基部６ｂから延出した略
Ｅ字状の形状をしている。To further explain, if the reed valve 6 is made of wood, it is punched out of a thin plate material impregnated with mmM resin, or if it is made of metal, it is punched out by press punching from a thin metal plate material such as stainless steel. Three movable opening/closing parts 5a, 5a, . . . for opening and closing each outlet 4 extend from the base 6b and have a substantially E-shape.
また、ストッパ７はｆｓ部７ｂから［Ｆｆｌ閏可動部６
ａより短尺な３本の抑え部７ａ、７ａ・・・を延出した
略Ｅ字状に形成されている。また、サポート５の各出口
４の周囲にはリード弁６の各開閉可動部６ａとなじみの
よいゴムクッション等からなる弁座９がそれぞれ設けら
れている。Further, the stopper 7 is moved from the fs portion 7b to the [Ffl leap movable portion 6
It is formed into a substantially E-shape in which three restraining portions 7a, 7a, . . . , shorter than a are extended. Further, around each outlet 4 of the support 5, a valve seat 9 made of a rubber cushion or the like that is compatible with each open/close movable part 6a of the reed valve 6 is provided.
そして、このように形成されているリード弁装置１にお
いては、エンジン側の吸込部の圧力が気化器側の圧力よ
り低くなる排出および吸込行程の時にリード弁６の各１
ｌｆｌｒｒ１可動部６ａが外側に吸引されて、第６図の
４Ｉ線の全開状態から同図実線の全開状態に移動し各出
口４を闘放し、燃料をエンジンの燃焼室内へ吸引させる
。一方、エンジン側の吸込部の圧力が気化器側の圧力よ
り高くなる圧縮、爆発および膨張行程の時に、リード弁
６の各開閉可動ｔｌＩＪ６ａが同図実線の全開状態から
同図鎖線の全開状態に戻り、各出口４を全ｆｆＪとさせ
る。In the reed valve device 1 formed in this way, each one of the reed valves 6 is closed during the exhaust and suction strokes in which the pressure of the suction part on the engine side is lower than the pressure on the carburetor side.
The lflrr1 movable part 6a is sucked outward and moves from the fully open state indicated by the line 4I in FIG. 6 to the fully open state indicated by the solid line in the figure, opening each outlet 4 and sucking fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. On the other hand, during the compression, explosion, and expansion strokes in which the pressure in the suction section on the engine side is higher than the pressure on the carburetor side, the movable opening/closing tlIJ6a of the reed valve 6 changes from the fully open state shown by the solid line in the figure to the fully open state shown by the chain line in the figure. Go back and make each outlet 4 full ffJ.
一方、今日のコストの低廉化の要請に応えるために、出
口４の周縁部に弁座９を設けないで弁本体２をポリブチ
レンテレフタレートやフェノール樹脂等の樹脂もしくは
アルミニウム等の金属単体で成形することが行なわれて
いる。On the other hand, in order to meet today's demand for cost reduction, the valve body 2 is molded from a resin such as polybutylene terephthalate or phenol resin or a single metal such as aluminum without providing a valve seat 9 at the peripheral edge of the outlet 4. things are being done.
ところが、弁座９を設番プない弁本体２に前記従来の樹
脂または金属の薄板材からなるリード弁６を取付けて用
いた場合、リード弁６が樹脂製または金ｆｉｔｊのサポ
ート５部分と直接激しく繰返し衝突することとなり、リ
ード弁６はサポート５と当接する部分に早期にチッピン
グを起してしまい、適正な弁開閉動作を行なうことがで
きなくなり、例えば気化燃料の吸込不良が生じるという
不都合があった。However, when the conventional reed valve 6 made of a resin or metal thin plate is attached to the valve body 2 without a valve seat 9, the reed valve 6 is directly connected to the support 5 made of resin or gold. As a result of the violent and repeated collisions, the reed valve 6 quickly chips at the part where it contacts the support 5, making it impossible to properly open and close the valve, resulting in problems such as poor suction of vaporized fuel. there were.
（発明の目的〕
本発明はこれらの点に鑑みてなされたものであり、リー
ド弁の当接部にクッション材によって製せられた弁座が
設けられていない弁本体に取付・ノて用いても、十分な
耐久性を発揮し、長期に亘って適正な弁ｆ［１１３作を
継続することのできるリード弁を提供することを目的と
する。(Object of the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of these points, and is a reed valve that can be attached to and used in a valve body where a valve seat made of a cushion material is not provided at the abutting part of the reed valve. Another object of the present invention is to provide a reed valve that exhibits sufficient durability and can continue to operate properly over a long period of time.
（発明の＃Ａ要）
本発明のリード弁は、薄板状の基材によって形成されて
いるリード弁において、前記基材の弁本体の少なくとも
出口部分と当接する部分に、前記基材より耐久性の大き
い金８８を形成することによりリード弁の耐久性を大き
く向上させたことを特徴とする。(Point #A of the invention) In the reed valve of the present invention, in a reed valve formed of a thin plate-like base material, a portion of the base material that contacts at least an outlet portion of the valve body has a structure that is more durable than the base material. The feature is that the durability of the reed valve is greatly improved by forming gold 88 with a large diameter.
（発明の実施例）
以下、本発明の実施例を第１図から第４図について説明
する。(Embodiments of the Invention) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
第１図および第２図は本発明の一実施例を示す。1 and 2 show one embodiment of the invention.
本実施例のリード弁１１は、従来の樹脂製のリード弁を
改良したものであり、樹脂製の薄板状の基材１２の弁本
体２の出口４部分と当接する部分に、金属層１３を形成
して構成されている。本実施例では、金属層１３を基材
１２の一面全面ではなく、出口４を全１１するのに十分
な部分のみに段けでいる。The reed valve 11 of this embodiment is an improved version of the conventional resin reed valve, and a metal layer 13 is provided on the portion of the resin thin plate base material 12 that contacts the outlet 4 portion of the valve body 2. formed and composed. In this embodiment, the metal layer 13 is not provided over the entire surface of the base material 12, but only on a portion sufficient to cover all the outlets 4.
このリード弁１１の一方の基材１２としては、ガラス繊
維、カーボン繊維等に樹脂材を含浸させ、固有振動数の
高い薄板材を用いるとよい。他方の金属層１３としては
、基材１２より耐久性の大きいものであればよく、また
、金属箔を基材１２に接着して形成したり、基材１２に
金属を蒸着等の公知の他の手段によって形成してもよい
。更に、金Ｒ層１３の一種である金ｒＩ！ｈ箔の材質と
しては、ステンレス箔等の結晶質金属箔、アモルファス
合金等の非結晶質金属箔等の中から設計条件等に応じて
選択するとよい。すなわち、非結晶質金属箔は、結晶質
金属に比べると高価ではあるが、硬度および強度等の機
械的性質み優れているとともに、化学的安定性（耐食性
）にも優れているので、これらの性質を考慮しつつ設計
条ｎ等に適合するものを選択するとよい。・
次に、本実施例の作用を説明する。As one base material 12 of this reed valve 11, it is preferable to use a thin plate material having a high natural frequency, such as glass fiber or carbon fiber impregnated with a resin material. The other metal layer 13 may be made of a material that is more durable than the base material 12, and may be formed by adhering metal foil to the base material 12, or by depositing metal on the base material 12, etc. It may be formed by means of. Furthermore, gold rI, which is a type of gold R layer 13! The material of the foil may be selected from among crystalline metal foils such as stainless steel foils, non-crystalline metal foils such as amorphous alloys, etc., depending on the design conditions. In other words, although amorphous metal foil is more expensive than crystalline metal, it has superior mechanical properties such as hardness and strength, as well as superior chemical stability (corrosion resistance). It is advisable to select one that conforms to the design criteria n, etc. while considering the properties. - Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.
本実施例のリード弁１１は、弁本体２の出口４を全閉ど
するに十分な開閉可動部１４８部分のみに金属ＩＩＪ１
３を形成し、ｕ部１４ｂ部分は樹脂製としているので、
リード弁１１自身としては樹脂製のリード弁としての高
い固有振動数を保持しつつ、金属層１３により耐久性を
大きく向上させている。従って、このリード弁１１を装
着する弁本体２が樹脂または金属の単体によって製せら
れたものであっても、弁本体２と激しく当接する開閉可
動部１４ａ部分にチッピング等が発生することなく、長
１υｌに亘って極めて良好な弁開ｒ１動作を継続するこ
とができる。The reed valve 11 of this embodiment has metal IIJ1 only in the opening/closing movable part 148 which is sufficient to completely close the outlet 4 of the valve body 2.
3, and the u part 14b is made of resin, so
The reed valve 11 itself maintains a high natural frequency as a resin reed valve, while the metal layer 13 greatly improves durability. Therefore, even if the valve body 2 to which this reed valve 11 is attached is made of a single piece of resin or metal, chipping or the like will not occur in the opening/closing movable part 14a that comes into violent contact with the valve body 2. An extremely good valve opening r1 operation can be maintained over a length of 1υl.
第３図は本発明の他の実施例を示す。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention.
本実施例のリード弁１１ａは、前記実施例のリード弁１
１における金帽１３を、基材１２の一面全面に形成した
ものである。本実施例によれば、基材１２への金ａ層１
３の形成を前記実施例より良好に行なうことができる。The reed valve 11a of this embodiment is the reed valve 1 of the embodiment described above.
The metal cap 13 in No. 1 is formed on the entire surface of the base material 12. According to this embodiment, the gold a layer 1 on the base material 12
3 can be formed better than in the previous embodiment.
また、金ａ？Ｊ１３として固有撮動数の高い金属箔を選
定すれば、リード弁１１ａ全体の固有振動数を高（維持
することもできる。そして、前記実施例と同様に耐久性
が大きく向上させられる。Also, gold a? If a metal foil with a high specific frequency is selected as J13, the natural frequency of the entire reed valve 11a can be maintained at a high value.Then, the durability can be greatly improved as in the previous embodiment.
第４図は本発明の他の実施例を示す。FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention.
本実施例のリード弁１１ｂは、従来の金ｌ１ｌＩｌｌの
リード弁を改良したものであり、ステンレス薄板材等の
結晶資金ＷＡ！ｙＪの薄板材からなる基材１２ａに対し
て、弁本体２の出口４部分と当接する而の全面に、アモ
ルファス合金等の非結晶質金属製の金属層１３ｂを形成
して構成されている１１本実施例においては、金１層１
３ｂはアモルファス合金箔からなり、基材１２ａに接着
もしくは溶着することにより形成されている。The reed valve 11b of this embodiment is an improved version of the conventional reed valve made of gold, and is made of crystalline metal such as thin stainless steel plate material. A metal layer 13b made of a non-crystalline metal such as an amorphous alloy is formed on the entire surface of the base material 12a made of a thin plate material of yJ that contacts the 4 outlet portions of the valve body 2. In this example, 1 gold layer 1
3b is made of an amorphous alloy foil and is formed by adhering or welding to the base material 12a.
前述したように、金属Ｐ［１１３ｂの非結晶質金属は基
材１２ａの結晶質金属より耐久性が大きいので、本実施
例のリード弁１１ｂも前記各実施例と同様に、従来例と
比較して耐久性が大きく向上させられ、長期に亘って良
好な弁開閉動作が継続される。As mentioned above, since the amorphous metal of the metal P[113b is more durable than the crystalline metal of the base material 12a, the reed valve 11b of this embodiment is also similar to the previous embodiments and compared with the conventional example. The durability is greatly improved, and good valve opening/closing operation continues over a long period of time.
なお、本実施例のリード弁１１ｂは全体が金属製であり
、耐久性が極めて大きいものであるから、使用環境条件
が過酷な圧縮機の吐出弁として用いても有効である。The reed valve 11b of this embodiment is entirely made of metal and has extremely high durability, so it is effective even when used as a discharge valve for a compressor that is used under severe environmental conditions.
また、前記各実施例において、金属箔からなる金属１ｍ
１３．１３ａ、１３ｂを基材１２．１２ａに接着する場
合、金属層１３．．１３ａ、１３ｂにシール性を低下さ
せない位置にｎ過小孔を所々に穿設して、雨音の接着力
を増大させるようにしてもよい。In addition, in each of the above examples, 1 m of metal made of metal foil
13.13a, 13b to the substrate 12.12a, the metal layer 13.13. ．． N undersized holes may be formed here and there in the holes 13a and 13b at positions where the sealing performance is not deteriorated to increase the adhesive force of the rain sound.
なお、本発明は前記各実施例に限定されるものではなく
、必要に応じて変更することができる。Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be modified as necessary.
このように本発明のリード弁は構成され作用するもので
あるから、リード弁の当接部にクッション材によって製
せられた弁座が設けられていないか本体に取付けて用い
ても、十分な耐久性を発揮し、長期に０つで適正な弁開
閉動作を継続することができ、しかもコストも低置であ
る等の効果を秦する。Since the reed valve of the present invention is constructed and operates in this manner, it is sufficient to provide a valve seat made of a cushion material at the abutting part of the reed valve or to use it by attaching it to the main body. It exhibits durability, can continue proper valve opening/closing operation at zero for a long period of time, and has advantages such as low cost.
第１図から第４図は本発明のリード弁の実施例を示し、
第１図は一実施例の斜視図、第２図は第１図のＩｆ−Ｉ
線に沿った断面図、第３図および第４図はそれぞれ本発
明の他の実施例を示す第２図同様の断面図、第５図は従
来のリード弁を装着したリード弁装置を示す斜視図、第
６図は第５図のＶｌ−Ｖｌ線に沿った断面図である。
１・・・リード弁１１ｆ、４・・・出口、５・・・サポ
ート、１１．１１８・・・リード弁、１２．１２ａ・・
・基材、１３．１３ａ、１３ｂ−・・金ｍ層。
出願人代理人 中 尾 俊 輔第１図
第２因
第３図
第４図
第５図
ａ
第６９1 to 4 show embodiments of the reed valve of the present invention,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment, Figure 2 is If-I of Figure 1.
3 and 4 are cross-sectional views similar to FIG. 2 showing other embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a reed valve device equipped with a conventional reed valve. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line Vl--Vl in FIG. 5. 1... Reed valve 11f, 4... Outlet, 5... Support, 11.118... Reed valve, 12.12a...
- Base material, 13.13a, 13b--gold m layer. Applicant's agent Shunsuke Nakao Figure 1 Figure 2 Cause Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5a Figure 69
Claims (1)
いて、前記基材の弁本体の少なくとも出口部分と当接す
る部分に、前記基材より耐久性の大きい金属層を形成し
たことを特徴とするリード弁。 ２）基材は樹脂製であり、金属層は結晶質金属製または
非結晶質金属製であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項記載のリード弁。 ３）基材は結晶質金属製であり、金属層は非結晶質金属
製であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
リード弁。[Claims] 1) In a reed valve formed of a thin plate-like base material, a metal layer having greater durability than the base material is formed on a portion of the base material that contacts at least the outlet portion of the valve body. A reed valve characterized by: 2) The reed valve according to claim 1, wherein the base material is made of resin, and the metal layer is made of crystalline metal or amorphous metal. 3) The reed valve according to claim 1, wherein the base material is made of a crystalline metal and the metal layer is made of an amorphous metal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14613487A JPS63312578A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Reed valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14613487A JPS63312578A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Reed valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63312578A true JPS63312578A (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| JPH0570758B2 JPH0570758B2 (en) | 1993-10-05 |
Family
ID=15400910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14613487A Granted JPS63312578A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Reed valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63312578A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6415877U (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-01-26 | ||
| JPH0566380U (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-09-03 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | Reed valve |
| US6116866A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2000-09-12 | Kasei Optonix, Ltd. | Reed valve for a pump |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53136727A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1978-11-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Lead valve for use in compressor |
| JPS5670266U (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-06-10 | ||
| JPS5868562A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Reed valve |
-
1987
- 1987-06-11 JP JP14613487A patent/JPS63312578A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53136727A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1978-11-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Lead valve for use in compressor |
| JPS5670266U (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-06-10 | ||
| JPS5868562A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Reed valve |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6415877U (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-01-26 | ||
| JPH0543329Y2 (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1993-11-01 | ||
| JPH0566380U (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-09-03 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | Reed valve |
| US6116866A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2000-09-12 | Kasei Optonix, Ltd. | Reed valve for a pump |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0570758B2 (en) | 1993-10-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |