JPS6329655A - Artificial kidney apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a hemodialysis system that uses dialysate, a hemofiltration system that uses replenishment fluid, or a hemodiafiltration system that uses these in combination. The present invention relates to an artificial kidney device that can control the amount of water removed to a dialyzer (filter) in a normal manner so that the amount of water removed is a predetermined value, and can adjust the amount of water removed with high precision.

(Prior art) Conventionally, as artificial kidney devices, there are two systems: a hemodialysis system that purifies blood by continuously supplying dialysate to a dialyzer, and a hemodialysis system that purifies blood by continuously supplying dialysate to a dialyzer, and one that pumps replacement fluid directly into the blood and filters the blood using a filter. A hemofiltration system that performs hemodiafiltration and a hemodiafiltration system that uses these in combination are known.However, in this type of artificial kidney device, in a hemodialysis system, blood and dialysate are passed through a semipermeable membrane of a dialyzer. The movement of solutes due to the difference in concentration of solutes between performs blood filtration by ultrafiltration through a filtration membrane, and at the same time replenishes with a replenisher of an appropriate composition to remove waste products, remove excess water, and correct abnormalities in electrolyte and acid-base balance. In correcting these excess fluids, a particularly rapid decrease in body fluids can cause a drop in blood pressure and imbalance syndrome in patients, which can be extremely dangerous.For this reason, traditional hemodialysis systems require two There are known methods for controlling the amount of dialysate flowing in and out of a dialyzer using a metering pump or metering container, or for controlling ultrafiltration pressure by measuring the ultrafiltration rate of the dialyzer. There is.

In contrast, in conventional hemofiltration systems, the total amount of replacement fluid and filtrate for one treatment is measured, and the supply amount of replacement fluid and/or the pressure of the filter is adjusted and controlled to balance this amount. Are known.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Generally, in a blood dialysis system, approximately 1,500 dialysis fluids are required for one treatment for one patient. In this case, the permissible error in the amount of water removed from the patient is about 150 mf, so it is necessary to ensure an error of about 0.1% for the dialysate. In order to maintain such accuracy, it is necessary to regularly and rigorously maintain and inspect the membranes and flow path switching valves in high-precision metering pumps and metering containers, and to prevent foreign objects and other objects in the flow path. There are drawbacks such as the risk of precipitates getting caught in the valve part and impairing quantitative performance. Furthermore, when using a dialyzer with a high ultrafiltration rate (good water permeability), the amount of water removed changes due to minute pressure fluctuations, making control difficult and increasing the ultrafiltration pressure. There are drawbacks such as the need for a large number of accurate pressure measuring means.

On the other hand, in a hemofiltration system, the replacement volume of replenisher required for one treatment for one patient is approximately 20 to 3 (liters). It is necessary to suspend the scale on a single scale, and to perform zero adjustment of the scale with the replenisher container filled with replenishment fluid for one treatment at the start of treatment.Therefore, there is a large load on the scale. Because of this, a large scale is required and the entire device is also large.Also, when adding replenishment fluid during treatment, it is necessary to zero-adjust the scale again, which requires handling and operation. However, in order to be able to continue treatment, it is necessary to interrupt the treatment.
Not only is a plurality of weighing devices required, but the weighing devices are also required to be free of long-term drift, and there are drawbacks such as an increase in the size of the device and an increase in manufacturing costs.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to continuously supply and discharge dialysate to a dialyzer or to supply replenisher to an extracorporeal circulation system and to discharge filtrate from a filter, and in a single weighing device. Weigh the amount of supplied liquid and the amount of discharged liquid at the same time, convert the deviation signal into a control signal for each pump installed on the supplied liquid side and discharged liquid side, and operate each pump appropriately based on this control signal. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial kidney device that can improve performance at a low cost.

[Means for solving problems]

The artificial kidney device according to the present invention includes a supply liquid system that supplies dialysate and/or replacement fluid by a supply pump to an extracorporeal blood circulation system equipped with a dialyzer or filter, and a supply liquid system that supplies dialysate and/or replacement fluid to an extracorporeal blood circulation system equipped with a dialyzer or filter. In an artificial kidney device comprising a drainage system for discharging fluid by a drainage pump, a supply fluid container is branch-connected to the supply fluid system, and a drainage container is connected to the drainage system, and the supply fluid container and and a discharge liquid container are suspended on a single weighing device, a supply pump is operated to supply a predetermined amount of supply liquid filled in the supply liquid container, and a discharge pump is operated to store the supply liquid in the discharge liquid container. In the artificial kidney device described above, a main controller is provided that controls the operation of the supply pump and the discharge pump so that the total weight of the supply fluid container and the discharge fluid container becomes a predetermined value. Alternatively, the drained liquid container is equipped with a liquid volume detector that detects the upper and lower limits of the storage amount, and an automatic opening/closing valve is installed on the upstream side of the supply liquid system where this supplied liquid container is installed, and the drained liquid is further equipped with a drained liquid container. An automatic on-off valve is provided on the downstream side of the system, and the main controller is configured to control the opening and closing of each automatic on-off valve and control the drive of the supply pump and the discharge pump based on detection signals from the liquid level detector and the weighing device. do.

In this case, the main controller performs metering operation in which each automatic on-off valve is closed to adjust and control each pump when a predetermined amount of supply liquid is stored in the supply liquid container from the open state of each automatic on-off valve. and a filling operation step in which each automatic opening/closing valve is opened to control the operation of each pump when a predetermined amount of the supply liquid in the supply liquid container is discharged.

Further, the artificial kidney device of the present invention can be applied to a hemodialysis system in which the supply liquid system is connected to a dialyzer provided in an extracorporeal blood circulation system and a dialysate is supplied. Similarly, the present invention can also be applied to a hemofiltration system in which the supply liquid system is connected to the upstream or downstream side of an extracorporeal blood circulation system provided with a filter to supply a replenisher. Furthermore, the dialysate supply system is connected to a diafilter installed in the extracorporeal blood circulation system, and the replenisher supply system is connected to the upstream or downstream side of the blood extracorporeal circulation system, so that the dialysate and the replenisher are It can also be applied to hemodiafiltration systems that supply In these dialysis and filtration systems, it is preferable that the discharged liquid system is provided with a pressure removal pump, a degasser, a pressure reduction valve, a water removal pump, etc. as necessary.

[Effect]

According to the artificial kidney device according to the present invention, in order to properly maintain the balance of fluid volumes in the supply fluid system and the drainage fluid system, the pumps provided in the supply fluid system and the drainage fluid system are continuously operated. The operating condition of the pump can be adjusted intermittently while supplying the same amount of water. Therefore, in the present invention, a supply liquid container is provided in the supply liquid system, and a drain liquid container is provided in the discharge liquid system, and these containers are suspended on a single weighing device, and the feed liquid in the supply liquid container is supplied. By carrying out a metering operation in which the pump discharges and the discharge pump stores the discharged liquid in the discharged liquid container, the operation of each of the pumps is adjusted and controlled so that the weighing detection signal of the weighing device becomes a predetermined value. Next, the supply pump continues supplying the supply liquid to the supply liquid container, and a filling operation is performed by controlling each pump under adjusted conditions until a predetermined amount of the supply liquid is stored in the supply liquid container. Then, when a predetermined amount of the supply liquid is stored in the supply liquid container, the metering operation is performed. In this way, by repeating the metering operation and the filling operation, the balance between the amount of supplied liquid and the amount of discharged liquid can be maintained stably, and highly accurate sac liquid purification, ultrafiltration, and water removal operations can be performed.

〔Example〕

Next, embodiments of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the artificial kidney device of the present invention, and shows the case where it is applied to a hemodialysis system. That is, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 indicates a dialysate preparation tank, and the dialysate prepared in this dialysate preparation tank 10 is sent to the dialyzer via a heater 12), a membrane gas generator 14, and a supply pump 16. 18 and constitutes a feed liquid system 20. In this supply liquid system 20, an automatic opening/closing valve 22 is provided between the insufflator 14 and the supply pump 16, and a branch line 26 communicating with the supply liquid container 24 is provided on the downstream side thereof.

However, in the present invention, a weighing device 30 is provided which suspends the supply liquid container 24 and the discharge liquid container 28 and measures their total weight. Therefore, in the drain liquid container 28,
A drain fluid system 34 led out from the dialyzer 18 via a drain pump 32 is connected in communication with the drain fluid system 34 .
communicates with the discharge treatment system via an automatic on-off valve 36.

In this embodiment, the automatic opening/closing valves 22 and 36 are configured with, for example, electromagnetic valves, and the supply liquid container 24 is equipped with liquid level, volume, weight, displacement, etc., and liquid level detection is performed using a float switch, for example. The supply pump 16 and the discharge pump 32 are each provided with a drive motor controller 40,42. The main control inputs the detection signals from the scale 30 and the liquid level detector 38, processes the signals for controlling the automatic on-off valve 22.36 and the drive motor controller 40.42, and outputs the results. A container 44 is provided. Further, an extracorporeal blood circulation system 46 is connected to the dialyzer 18.
6 includes a blood pump 48, a bubble detector 50, and a pressure gauge 52.
will be provided as appropriate. Note that the drain system 34 is provided with a pressure gauge 54 and a blood leakage detector 56 as appropriate.

Next, the operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 constructed in this way will be explained with reference to the operation waveforms of the control system shown in FIG. 2. First, in this embodiment, in the supply liquid system 20, the dialysate is sent to the dialyzer 18 at a predetermined supply amount Q1 by the supply pump 16, and on the other hand, in the discharge liquid system 34, the dialysate is discharged from the dialyzer 18 by the discharge pump 32. Discharge amount Q2. At this time, if each pump 16.32 is operated under the flow rate condition of Q, =Q2, there will be no change in the patient's weight. Also, if each pump 16.32 is operated under the flow rate condition of Ql - Q2, then Q2 - Q
1 of water is removed from the patient's blood to the dialysate side by ultrafiltration.

Therefore, in FIG. 1, the dialysate is supplied to the feed pump 1 by the pressing force generated in the dialysate preparation tank 10 in the supply liquid system 20.
6, and one dialysis treatment is performed by each of the following control steps.

1. Initial filling step The automatic opening/closing valve 22 is opened, the dialysate is filled into the supply liquid container 24, and when the upper limit set value of the liquid amount detector 38 is reached, the automatic opening/closing valve 22 is closed. During this time, the automatic opening/closing valve 36 is opened to discharge the drained liquid in the drained liquid container 28 to the outside.

Note that this initial filling step is a preparatory operation that is performed only for the first time.

2) Metering operation process (1) Supply pump 1 with automatic on-off valve 22 closed
6 to supply the dialysate in the supply liquid container 24 to the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 18.

(2) At the same time, the automatic opening/closing valve 36 is also closed, and the drain pump 32 causes the drain fluid to flow from the dialysate outlet of the dialyzer 18 into the drain container 28 and is stored therein.

(3) At this time, the flow rate of each pump 16.32 or one of the pumps is controlled by the drive motor controller 40.42 via the main controller 44 so that the weighing detection signal of the weigher 30 is maintained at a predetermined value. The flow rate Q, , Q, of the pump is adjusted and controlled.

(4) In this way, when the dialysate in the supply liquid container 24 decreases and reaches the lower field setting value of the liquid volume detector 38, the automatic opening/closing valve 22.36 is opened and the next filling is started. Move on to the operation process.

3. Filling Operation Step (1) Dialysate is filled into the supply liquid container 24 with the automatic opening/closing valve 22 open, and the supply pump 16 is operated to supply the dialysate to the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 18.

(2) At the same time, the drained liquid is discharged from the drained liquid container 28 to the outside while the automatic on-off valve 36 is also kept open.
The drain pump 32 drains the drain fluid from the dialysate outlet of the dialyzer 18 .

(3) At this time, each of the pumps 16, 32 is operated according to the pump drive control signal obtained based on the weighing detection signal in the previous metering operation step.

(4) In this way, when the amount of dialysate in the supply fluid container 24 gradually increases and reaches the upper limit set value of the fluid amount detector 38, the automatic opening/closing valve 22° 36 is closed. Move to the metering operation process.

The above operation completes one cycle process, and by repeating the metering operation process and filling operation process, the amount of dialysate delivered to the dialyzer, Q, Q2, is accurately controlled to a predetermined value, and the patient The amount of water removed can be adjusted with precision.

FIG. 2+11 to (6) are time charts showing the operating states of each of the operating steps. In other words, when controlling the patient's body N decrease to "0", the supply pump 16 and the discharge pump 32 should be operated at a pump rotation speed that provides approximately the same flow rate during the initial metering operation process. As a result, the flow rate of each pump Q1. When Q2 becomes Q2>Q, the scale 30 at time t
The weighing detection signal gradually increases [Fig. 2 (4), (5)
)reference〕.

Therefore, at the next time t2, an operation is performed to reduce the flow rate Q2 of the discharge pump 32 in order to correct the increase in the amount of the weighing device 30. As a result, at the final stage t of the metering operation process,
The discharge pump 32 can be operated at an appropriate flow rate Q2. Next, when entering the filling operation process, the suction pressure of the supply pump 16 changes due to process switching, causing a slight fluctuation in the flow rate Q1 [see time t4 in FIG. 2 (5)]. When entering the metering operation process again, the flow rate adjustment of the discharge pump 32 with respect to the supply pump 16 has also been set approximately appropriately, so
There is no significant variation in the weighing detection signal from the weighing device 30.
By simply making a minute flow rate adjustment of the discharge pump 32 at the final stage t6 of the process, the flow rate Q1 can be adjusted in the next filling operation process.
= Q2 pump operation can be achieved [Figure 2 (
See 6)]. Note that when removing water to adjust the patient's weight, the flow rate Q1. Q2-Q per Q2.

=K (predetermined value).

In addition, as mentioned above, if the flow rate of each pump fluctuates due to the switching operation of the automatic on-off valve during the filling operation process, if the fluctuation value is empirically determined and corrected, the weighing detection signal of the weighing device can be adjusted. more accurate control based on Further, the main controller 44 controls the automatic on-off valve 22 based on the detection signals from the weighing device 30 and the liquid level detector 38 described above.
．． It is preferable that the opening/closing control of 36 and the operation control of each pump 16 and 32 be configured to be executed programmably while retaining computer functions.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the artificial kidney device of the present invention, in which it is applied to a hemofiltration system. Incidentally, for convenience of explanation, the same reference numerals are attached to the same components as those shown in FIG. 1 and the explanation will be given. In this embodiment, the replenisher filled in the replenisher bottle 58 is used as the supply liquid for the supply liquid system 20, and this replenisher is filled into a flexible bag as the supply liquid container 24 via the automatic opening/closing valve 22. and further includes a supply pump 16.
, a heater 60, and a liquid cut-off detector 62, which are connected to an extracorporeal blood circulation system 46 to which a filter 64 is connected. Further, in this embodiment, as the liquid level detector 38 for the flexible bag 24, for example,
It is possible to use a displacement detector or the like which detects the amount of replenisher filled by contacting the side surface of the replenisher by its expansion displacement. Further, in this embodiment, the discharge pump 32 provided in the discharge liquid system 34 of the filter 64 functions as a filtration pump, and the pressure on the inlet side thereof becomes negative pressure, and the filter 64 performs the filtration operation. The other configurations are the same as those of the previous embodiment.

In the apparatus of this embodiment configured in this manner, the automatic opening/closing valve 22.36, the supply pump 16, and the filtration pump 32 are controlled based on the detection signals from the weighing device 30 and the liquid amount detector 38, as in the previous embodiment. Each drive motor controller 40 of
．． 42 are each calculated and controlled by the main controller 44, and as shown in FIG.
Suitable blood purification can be achieved by performing the metering operation process and the filling operation process as shown in 1) to (6).

FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a modification of the artificial kidney device shown in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, instead of supplying replenisher from the replenisher bottle 58 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a replenisher obtained by filtering dialysate through a pyrogen cut filter 66 is used. In addition, in this embodiment, a depressurizing pump 68 and a degasser 70 are attached to the discharged liquid system 34,
A bypass line 74 equipped with a back pressure valve 72 is connected to the pressure relief pump 68 .

Furthermore, a water removal line 80 equipped with a water removal pump 76 and a back pressure valve 78 is branched out from the degasser 70 . Note that the discharge liquid system 34 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 82 as appropriate, and the degasser 70 is equipped with a gas vent line 8 equipped with an automatic opening/closing valve 84.
Connect 6. The rest of the configuration is the same as the device shown in FIG.

Note that in the hemodialysis system shown in FIG.
The pressure relief pump, degasser, pressure reduction valve added in the example shown in the figure,
It is also possible to add a water removal pump or the like.

In the device of this embodiment configured in this manner, since the inlet pressure of the filtration pump 32 becomes negative pressure in the device shown in FIG. This makes the control unstable, but by providing the depressurizing pump 68, the degasser 70, and the pressure reducing valve 82, it is possible to suppress gas generation and flow rate changes and achieve stable control. Furthermore, by providing the water removal line 80 equipped with the water removal pump 76, the burden on the main controller 44 can be reduced and the amount of water removed from the patient can be controlled. That is, in this case, it is sufficient to control the supply pump 16 and the filtration pump 32 so that the flow rates Q1 and Q2 are the same, respectively. Other operations in the metering operation process and the filling operation process are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a system diagram showing still another embodiment of the artificial kidney device of the present invention, in which it is applied to a hemodiafiltration system that uses hemodialysis and hemofiltration in combination.

Therefore, the system of this embodiment is a combination of the configuration shown in FIG. 1 and the configurations shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. I will explain it by attaching it. In this embodiment, a diafilter 90 is provided in the extracorporeal blood circulation system 46,
Supply liquid system 2 that supplies dialysate to this dialysis filter 90
0a is connected, and a replenishment fluid supply system 20b is connected to the blood extracorporeal circulation system 46.

In this case, the dialysate supply system 20a and the discharge system 34 are provided with dual pumps 92 that change the volume in the same way, so that the supply amount and the discharge amount are maintained constant. On the other hand, the replenishment fluid supply system 20b has the same configuration as shown in FIG. Automatically open/close valve 22.36 and feed pump 1 based on signal
The main controller 44 calculates and controls the drive motor controllers 40 and 42 of the filtration pump 32 and the filtration pump 32.
Suitable blood purification can be achieved by performing the metering operation step and the filling operation step as shown in 6).

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the various embodiments described above, according to the present invention, in an artificial kidney apparatus employing a hemodialysis system or a hemofiltration system, a supply liquid container is provided in the supply liquid system, and the supply liquid system is supplied with a supply pump. Liquid feeding flow rate Q
By supplying a larger amount of feed liquid than 1, the metering operation process and the filling operation process of the supply pump and the discharge pump (filtration pump) are repeated alternately, and the flow rate of each pump is adjusted frequently in the metering operation process. , for a dialyzer or filter, the dialyzer or filter can be operated continuously by continuously supplying dialysate or replenisher. Also,
The amount of dialysate or replacement fluid to be dispensed can also be accurately controlled to a predetermined value at all times to prevent performance deterioration of the dialyzer or filter over time, so the amount of water removed from the patient can be adjusted with precision. Furthermore, by increasing the number of repetitions of the metering operation process and the filling operation process, changes in the pump over time can be absorbed and errors can be reduced. Incidentally, the upper and lower limit setting range of the liquid amount detector is 11, the supply pump flow rate is 100mf/min,
If the flow rate during the filling operation step is set to 200 mβ/min, the cycle of the metering operation step and the filling operation step can be repeated at approximately 10 minute intervals.

In addition, in the device of the present invention, by using a roller pump for each of the 4° pumps, there is an advantage that the liquid feeding part can be made disposable and that it can be sterilized and manufactured at low cost. Of course, various variable flow pumps can be used without limitation.

In addition, the scale can repeat short-term measurements of about 10 minutes, and the weighing value is updated each time it is repeated, so there is no need to ensure long-term stability (as long as there is no drift for about 10 minutes) ), an inexpensive scale can be used.

Furthermore, in hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration systems, the replenisher can be supplied either downstream or upstream to the filter of the blood extracorporeal circulation system.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it goes without saying that various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention; Fig. 2 (1) to (6) are time chart diagrams showing control operations of the artificial kidney device shown in Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention;
The figure is a system diagram showing a modification of the artificial kidney device shown in Fig. 3;
FIG. 5 is a system diagram showing still another embodiment of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention. 10... Dialysate preparation tank 12... Warmer 14...
Deaerator 16... Supply pump 18... Dialyzer 20... Supply liquid system 22... Automatic opening/closing valve
24... Supply liquid container 26... Branch line 28.
...Drainage liquid container 30...Weighing device 32...Drainage pump (filtration pump) 34...Drainage liquid system 36...
Automatic opening/closing valve 38...Liquid level detector 40.42...Drive motor controller 44...Main controller 46...Blood extracorporeal circulation system 48...Blood pump 50...Bubble detector 52 ...Pressure gauge 54...Pressure gauge 56
... Blood leakage detector 58 ... Replenishment bottle 60 ...
Heater 62...Liquid out detector 64...Filter

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A supply liquid system that supplies dialysate and/or replenishment fluid to the blood extracorporeal circulation system equipped with a dialyzer or filter using a supply pump, and a discharge pump that discharges fluid from the dialyzer or filter. In an artificial kidney device comprising a drain fluid system, a feed fluid container is branch-connected to the feed fluid system, and a drain fluid container is connected to the drain fluid system;
The supply liquid container and the discharge liquid container are suspended on a single weighing device, and a supply pump is operated to supply a predetermined amount of the supply liquid filled in the supply liquid container, and a discharge pump is operated to supply the discharge liquid. An artificial kidney device comprising: a main controller that controls the operation of the supply pump and the discharge pump so that the total weight of the supply liquid container and the discharge liquid container becomes a predetermined value by storing the liquid in a container. (2) In the artificial kidney device according to claim 1, the supply liquid container and/or the discharge liquid container is provided with a liquid amount detector for detecting the upper and lower limits of the storage amount, and the supply liquid container is provided. An automatic opening/closing valve is provided on the upstream side of the supply liquid system, and an automatic opening/closing valve is provided on the downstream side of the draining liquid system including the drain liquid container, and the main controller is used to control the flow rate based on the detection signals from the liquid volume detector and the weighing device. An artificial kidney device configured to perform opening/closing control of each of the automatic opening/closing valves and drive control of a supply pump and a discharge pump. (3) In the artificial kidney device according to claim 2, the main controller controls each automatic opening/closing valve when a predetermined amount of supply liquid is stored in the supply liquid container from the open state of each automatic opening/closing valve. A metering operation step in which the valves are closed to adjust and control each pump; and a filling step in which each automatic opening/closing valve is opened to control the operation of each pump when a predetermined amount of the supply liquid in the supply liquid container is discharged. An artificial kidney device configured to repeatedly perform the operation process. (4) In the artificial kidney device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the hemodialysis system connects the supply fluid system to a dialyzer provided in the extracorporeal blood circulation system and supplies dialysate. An artificial kidney device consisting of. (5) In the artificial kidney device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the supply fluid system is connected to the upstream or downstream side of the extracorporeal blood circulation system provided with a filter, and the replenishment fluid An artificial kidney device consisting of a blood filtration system that supplies blood. (6) In the artificial kidney device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a dialysate supply system is connected to a diafilter provided in an extracorporeal blood circulation system, and a replenisher is supplied. An artificial kidney device comprising a hemodiafiltration system that connects a liquid system to the upstream or downstream side of an extracorporeal blood circulation system and supplies dialysate and replacement fluid. (7) In the artificial kidney device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, a negative pressure pump, a degasser, a pressure reducing valve, a water removal pump, etc. are installed in the drainage system as necessary. An artificial kidney device is provided.