JPS6329453A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6329453A JPS6329453A JP61174135A JP17413586A JPS6329453A JP S6329453 A JPS6329453 A JP S6329453A JP 61174135 A JP61174135 A JP 61174135A JP 17413586 A JP17413586 A JP 17413586A JP S6329453 A JPS6329453 A JP S6329453A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- base material
- electrode base
- fuel cell
- anode electrode
- undulations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は燃料電池の構造に関し、特に電池のコンパク
ト化に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the structure of a fuel cell, and particularly to making the cell more compact.
周知の通り、燃料電池は対向して配置された燃料電極と
酸化剤電極の間に電解質を保持した電解質マトリックス
を介在させ、燃料電極および酸化剤電極にそれぞれ燃料
および酸化剤を供給して運転される一種の発電装置であ
る。As is well known, a fuel cell is operated by interposing an electrolyte matrix holding an electrolyte between a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode arranged opposite each other, and supplying fuel and oxidizer to the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode, respectively. It is a type of power generation device.
燃料電池には、■カルノーサイクルの制約がなく高い効
率が期待できる、■電池作動温度に近い比較的高ｌユの
有効利用が容易な廃熱が１）られる、■出力を変えても
効率はあまり変わらない、■負荷変動に対する応答性に
すぐれているなどの利点があり、都市内もしくは都市近
郊に配電用変電所の規模で分散配置する、あるいは火力
発電所の代替発電装置とするへどの利用形態が考えられ
ている。Fuel cells can be expected to have high efficiency because they do not have the constraints of the Carnot cycle; ■ generate waste heat that is relatively high and easy to use effectively, close to the cell operating temperature; and ■ have low efficiency even when the output is changed. It has the advantages of not changing much, ■ excellent responsiveness to load fluctuations, and can be used to distribute electricity within or near cities on the scale of distribution substations, or as an alternative power generation device to thermal power plants. The form is being considered.
燃ネ４電池は用いられる電解質の種類によってアルカリ
型、リン酸型、溶融炭酸塩型などに分類されるが、この
うちリン酸型は第一世代と呼ばれ最も開発が進んでおり
、すでに実用規模での試運転が行なわれている。Fuel 4 batteries are classified into alkaline type, phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, etc. depending on the type of electrolyte used, but among these, the phosphoric acid type is called the first generation and is the most developed and is already in practical use. A large-scale trial run is underway.
燃料電池の構成については、特開昭５９−１８４４６６
号公報などに記載されており、第５図に示す従来例が一
般的である。Regarding the structure of the fuel cell, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-184466.
The conventional example shown in FIG. 5 is common.
第５図において、（１）は電解質マトリックス、（２）
はカソード触媒層、（３）はカソード電極基材、（４）
はアノード触媒層、（５）はアノード電極基材、（６）
〜（７）はガス分離板、（８）はガス分Ｍ板に形成され
た酸化剤すなわち空気流路、（９）はガス分離仮に形成
された燃料流路である。In Figure 5, (1) is an electrolyte matrix, (2)
is a cathode catalyst layer, (3) is a cathode electrode base material, and (4) is a cathode catalyst layer.
is an anode catalyst layer, (5) is an anode electrode base material, (6)
- (7) are gas separation plates, (8) is an oxidizing agent, that is, an air passage formed in the gas portion M plate, and (9) is a fuel passage temporarily formed for gas separation.
また図中り、 は任意の基準の距離を示し、Ｌ２はこれ
に対応する反応面の長さを示している。燃料電池の動作
原理については例えば雑誌（Ｊ、Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅ
ｍ、Ｓｏｃ、、Ｖｏｌ １２７ Ｐ１４３３〜Ｐ１４４
０（１９８０）”Ｖｏｌｔａｇｅ Ｌｏｓｓｅｓ ｉ
ｎ Ｆｕｅｌ Ｃｅ１ｌ Ｃａｔｈｏｄｅ”Ｒ，Ｐ、［
ｃｚｋｏＷｓｋｉ ａｎｄ Ｍ、Ｂ、Ｃｕｔｌｉｐ）
に詳しく説明されているが、電池の出力としてはほぼ反
応面積に対応した出力が得られる。従って面を線で考え
てＬ２の長さについていえばＬ２の長さに対応した出力
が得られることになる。そして出力を太き（する為には
Ｌ２を大きくしなければならないが、Ｌ、とＬ２が一対
−で対応しているので燃料電池全体の大きさもこれに応
じて大きくしなければならない。Further, in the figure, indicates an arbitrary reference distance, and L2 indicates the corresponding length of the reaction surface. Regarding the operating principle of fuel cells, for example, the magazine (J, Electroche
m, Soc,, Vol 127 P1433-P144
0 (1980)”Voltage Losses i
n Fuel Ce1l Cathode"R, P, [
czkoWski and M.B.Cutlip)
As explained in detail in , the output of the battery roughly corresponds to the reaction area. Therefore, considering the surface as a line and talking about the length of L2, an output corresponding to the length of L2 will be obtained. In order to increase the output, L2 must be increased, but since L and L2 correspond to each other, the overall size of the fuel cell must be increased accordingly.
従来の燃料電池は以上のように構成されているので、燃
料電池全体の面積よりも反応面積を大きくすることはで
きず、従って出力密度を上げコンパクト化することが困
難であった。Since conventional fuel cells are configured as described above, it is not possible to make the reaction area larger than the area of the entire fuel cell, and therefore it is difficult to increase the output density and make the fuel cell compact.
この発明は上記のような問題点を解消する為になされた
もので、燃料電池全体の面積を拡大することなく反応面
積を大きくし出力密度を高めてコンパクト化の可能な燃
料電池を得ることを目的とする。This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to obtain a fuel cell that can be made more compact by increasing the reaction area and increasing the output density without increasing the overall area of the fuel cell. purpose.
この発明に係る燃料電池は、カソード電極基材およびア
ノード電極基材の電解質マトリックス対向面にそれぞれ
起伏を設け、上記カソード電極基材の起伏の山部と上記
アノード電極基材の起伏の谷部および上記カソード電極
基材の起伏の谷部と上記アノード電極基材の起伏の山部
をそれぞれ対峙して配置したものである。In the fuel cell according to the present invention, the surfaces of the cathode electrode base material and the anode electrode base material facing the electrolyte matrix are each provided with undulations, and the peaks of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material, the troughs of the undulations of the anode electrode base material, and The valleys of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material and the peaks of the undulations of the anode electrode base material are arranged to face each other.
この発明におけるカソード電極基材及びアノード電極基
材における起伏は反応面積を増大させる為、燃料電池全
体の面積よりも大きな反応面積が得られる。In this invention, the undulations in the cathode electrode base material and the anode electrode base material increase the reaction area, so that a reaction area larger than the area of the entire fuel cell can be obtained.
以下、この発明の一実施例を図について説明する。第１
図はこの発明の一実施例による燃料電池を示す断面図で
あり、（３ａ）はカソード電極基材の起伏の山部、（３
ｂ）はカソード電極基材の起伏の谷部、（５ａ）はアノ
ード電極基材の起伏の山部、（５ｂ）はアノード電極基
材の起伏の谷部であり、図がら明らかなようにカソード
電極基材の起伏の山部（３ａ）とアノード電極基材の起
伏の谷部（５ｂ）およびカソード電極基材の起伏の谷部
（３ｂ）とアノード電極基材の起伏の山部（５ａ）とが
それぞれ対峙（対向）して配置されている。第１図の実
施例では電池の大きさを示す基準長さであるＬｌに対し
て、電池の有効面積を示す長さＬ２が２倍程度にまで拡
大されている。従って電池の面積を拡大することなく出
力密度を２倍にまで高めることができコンパクト化でき
る。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1st
The figure is a cross-sectional view showing a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (3a) shows the undulating peaks of the cathode electrode base material, (3a)
b) is the valley of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material, (5a) is the peak of the undulation of the anode electrode base material, and (5b) is the valley of the undulations of the anode electrode base material. The undulating peaks (3a) of the electrode base material, the undulating valleys (5b) of the anode electrode base material, the undulating valleys (3b) of the cathode electrode base material, and the undulating peaks (5a) of the anode electrode base material are placed facing each other. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the length L2, which indicates the effective area of the battery, is approximately twice as large as the standard length Ll, which indicates the size of the battery. Therefore, the output density can be doubled without increasing the area of the battery, and the battery can be made more compact.
第１図で示した起伏は線状（−次元的）にも面状（二次
元的）にも展開できる。第２図は起伏を８！伏に展開し
た実施例によるカソード電極基材を示す斜視図であり、
第３図は起伏を面状に展開した実施例によるカソード電
極基材を示す斜視図である。第３図のように起伏を面状
に展開した場合には、第２図のように線状に展開した場
合よりも有効面積はさらに拡大され、出力密度も増す。The undulations shown in FIG. 1 can be developed linearly (-dimensionally) or planarly (two-dimensionally). Figure 2 has undulations of 8! FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cathode electrode base material according to an embodiment unfolded upside down;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a cathode electrode base material according to an embodiment in which undulations are developed into a planar shape. When the undulations are developed into a planar shape as shown in FIG. 3, the effective area is further expanded and the output density is also increased compared to when the undulations are developed into a linear shape as shown in FIG.
なお、基材の起伏が面状に展開されている場合には、触
媒層および電解質マトリックスは上記基材へ塗布するこ
とにより形成されるのが好ましく、基材の起伏が線伏に
展開されている場合には、シート状の触媒層および電解
質マトリックスをも用いることができる。In addition, when the undulations of the base material are developed in a planar shape, it is preferable that the catalyst layer and the electrolyte matrix are formed by coating on the above-mentioned base material, and the undulations of the base material are developed in a line shape. In some cases, sheet catalyst layers and electrolyte matrices can also be used.
さて、燃料電池の電池内部の重要な機能として”リザー
ブ機能゛がある。この機能については例えば特開昭５３
−３０７４７号公報に詳しく記載されているが、要する
に電解質の体積変化を基材の空孔で吸収するというもの
で、第１図の燃料電池についていえばアノード電極基材
（５）がカソード電極基材（３）あるいはその両方に１
０水処理を行なわないだけでこの゛リザーブｉ能”を付
加できるが、基材にリザーブされた電解質が反応ガスの
拡散を阻害する程度がカソード側の方が大きいのでリザ
ーブ機能はアノード側に付加するのが望ましい。また、
第４図に示すようにアノード電極基材の谷部（５ｂ）に
おいてアノード触媒層（４）を欠如させ、代わりに例え
ば電解質マトリックス（１１と同し材質などの親水性部
材Ｏ１を配設すれば電解質マトリックスｆｉｌとアノー
ド電極基材（５）との間での電解質のやりとりがよりス
ムーズになりリザーブ機能のａ脂性をさらに高めること
ができる。Now, an important function inside a fuel cell is the "reserve function".
This is described in detail in Publication No. 30747, but in short, the volume change of the electrolyte is absorbed by the pores of the base material.In the fuel cell shown in Figure 1, the anode electrode base material (5) is the cathode electrode base material. 1 for material (3) or both
This "reserve function" can be added just by not performing water treatment, but the electrolyte reserved in the base material inhibits the diffusion of the reaction gas to a greater degree on the cathode side, so the reserve function is added on the anode side. It is desirable to do so.Also,
As shown in FIG. 4, if the anode catalyst layer (4) is omitted in the valley (5b) of the anode electrode base material and a hydrophilic member O1, such as an electrolyte matrix (11) made of the same material, is provided instead. The exchange of electrolyte between the electrolyte matrix fil and the anode electrode base material (5) becomes smoother, and the a-lipidity of the reserve function can be further enhanced.
以上のように、この発明によれば、カソード電極基材お
よびアノード電極基材の電解質マ） ＩＪワックス向面
にそれぞれ起伏を設け、上記カソード電極基材の起伏の
山部と上記アノード電極基材の起伏の谷部および上記カ
ソード電極基材の起伏の谷部と上記アノード電酒基材の
起伏の山部をそれぞれ対峙して配置したので、燃料電池
全体の面積を拡大することなく反応面積を大きくでき、
電池の出力密度が高められる効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, undulations are provided on the electrolyte matrix of the cathode electrode base material and the anode electrode base material, respectively, and the peaks of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material and the anode electrode base material are formed. The valleys of the undulations, the valleys of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material, and the peaks of the undulations of the anode base material are arranged to face each other, so that the reaction area can be increased without increasing the overall area of the fuel cell. Can be made larger,
This has the effect of increasing the output density of the battery.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例による燃料電池を示す断面
図、第２図、第３図はそれぞれ第１図に示すカソード電
極基材の起伏の例を示す斜視図、第４図はこの発明の他
の実施例による燃料電池を示す断面図、第５図は従来の
燃料電池を示す断面図である。
図において、（１＋は電解質マトリックス、（２）はカ
ソード触媒層、（３）はカソード電極基材、（３ａ）は
カソード電極基材の起伏の山部、（３ｂ）はカソード電
極基材の起伏の谷部、（４）はアノード触媒層、（５）
はアノード電８ｉｉ基材、（５ａ）はアノード電極基材
の起伏の山部、（５ｂ）はアノード電極基材の起伏の谷
部、（６）、（７）はガス分離板、（８）は酸化剤流路
、（９）は燃料流路である。
なお、各図中同一符号は同一または相当部分を示すもの
とする。
代理人 大 岩 増 雄、ひっFIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views showing an example of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a fuel cell according to another embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a conventional fuel cell. In the figure, (1+ is the electrolyte matrix, (2) is the cathode catalyst layer, (3) is the cathode electrode base material, (3a) is the peak of the undulations of the cathode electrode base material, and (3b) is the undulation of the cathode electrode base material. valley, (4) is the anode catalyst layer, (5)
is the anode electrode 8ii base material, (5a) is the undulating peak part of the anode electrode base material, (5b) is the undulating valley part of the anode electrode base material, (6), (7) is the gas separation plate, (8) (9) is an oxidant flow path, and (9) is a fuel flow path. Note that the same reference numerals in each figure indicate the same or corresponding parts. Agent Masuo Oiwa, Hi
Claims (3)
ド電極およびアノード電極を、電解質マトリックスを介
在し、上記触媒層同士を対向させて配置する単電池と、
上記カソード電極に対設する酸化剤流路および上記アノ
ード電極に対設する燃料流路を有するガス分離板とを備
える燃料電池において、上記カソード電極基材およびア
ノード電極基材の上記電解質マトリックス対向面にそれ
ぞれ起伏を設け、上記カソード電極基材の起伏の山部と
上記アノード電極基材の起伏の谷部および上記カソード
電極基材の起伏の谷部と上記アノード電極基材の起伏の
山部をそれぞれ対峙して配置したことを特徴とする燃料
電池。(1) A unit cell in which a cathode electrode and an anode electrode each having an electrode base material and a catalyst layer provided thereon are arranged with an electrolyte matrix interposed therebetween and the catalyst layers facing each other;
In a fuel cell comprising a gas separation plate having an oxidant flow path facing the cathode electrode and a fuel flow path facing the anode electrode, the surfaces of the cathode electrode base material and the anode electrode base material facing the electrolyte matrix undulations are provided in each of the undulating peaks of the cathode electrode base material, the undulating troughs of the anode electrode base material, and the undulating troughs of the cathode electrode base material and the undulating peaks of the anode electrode base material. A fuel cell characterized by being arranged facing each other.
のである特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池。(2) The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode electrode base material is not subjected to water repellent treatment.
層の代わりに親水性部材を配設した特許請求の範囲第１
項または第２項記載の燃料電池。(3) A hydrophilic member is provided in place of the anode catalyst layer in the valleys of the undulations of the anode electrode base material.
2. The fuel cell according to item 1 or 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61174135A JPS6329453A (en) | 1986-07-22 | 1986-07-22 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61174135A JPS6329453A (en) | 1986-07-22 | 1986-07-22 | Fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6329453A true JPS6329453A (en) | 1988-02-08 |
Family
ID=15973269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61174135A Pending JPS6329453A (en) | 1986-07-22 | 1986-07-22 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6329453A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02162653A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-06-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electrochemical unit cell and manufacture thereof |
-
1986
- 1986-07-22 JP JP61174135A patent/JPS6329453A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02162653A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-06-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electrochemical unit cell and manufacture thereof |
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