JPS63282416A - Dangerous waste treater - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a hazardous waste treatment device.

[Prior art and its problems]

Current practices for storing, transporting, processing, and disposing of used solvents, activated carbon, heavy metals, and other hazardous wastes that require collection and disposal by industrial waste trucks are difficult for a wide variety of industries. Significant political and environmental issues were arising for industries such as the chemical and electronic industries. Groundwater contamination problems and occupational health problems are increasing. Additionally, under the U.S. Federal Resources, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), those who produce hazardous waste have long-term legal responsibilities because of the end result of these materials. is the responsibility of those who produce hazardous waste from cradle to nursery. Only the largest manufacturing companies can afford the cost of large incinerators that can burn these organic wastes to EPA and other agency acceptable levels. There is currently a need for new technology that is well suited to the magnitude of the problem and the available capital.

In addition to the above, many devices and/or reactors have been developed designed to remove waste from society.

Such devices are usually effective against community waste, and some are directed to the decomposition of waste containing chemicals that are harmful to human health. Most "waste treatment equipment" is directed to the incineration or other disposal of municipal solid waste.

High-temperature waste reactors are very large and expensive and have material limitations such as in US Pat. No. 3,933,434 (MadPitch) and the following patents of the same inventor. Other waste reactors are limited to specific physical forms of waste (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,833
(see issue). The cyclone incinerator is U.S. Patent No. 3,855,
Although useful for incinerating trash and the like, as in No. 951, it does not provide sufficient complete combustion for use with hazardous waste. The present invention provides a relatively simple device that operates at high temperatures to substantially completely decompose hazardous waste and can be economically installed at the waste generation site.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention utilizes a typically refractory material that does not decompose when exposed to hot air or other gases, is not abraded by solids in the process gas stream, and does not react with the hazardous waste to be treated. It consists of a hazardous waste pyrolysis reactor that maintains high temperatures within the liner. This device has a controlled residence time in the incineration zone, liquid,
Directly acting on gases, solids, liquid-solid slurries and gas-liquid aerosols, the reactor converts the waste into mainly non-toxic and non-hazardous products, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and other environmentally acceptable compounds. It can be chemically decomposed, detoxified, or oxidized. Although hot waste reactors are often referred to as thermal destruction reactors, the waste is actually decomposed.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention provides a typically refractory material that does not decompose when exposed to hot air or other gases, is not abraded by solids in the process gas stream, and does not react with the hazardous waste to be disposed of. It consists of a hazardous waste pyrolysis reactor that maintains high temperatures within a wood liner. This equipment chemically decomposes, detoxifies, or oxidizes waste in its reactor into primarily non-toxic and non-hazardous products, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and other environmentally acceptable compounds. , controlled residence time in the incineration zone, liquid, gas, solid, liquid-slurry and gas-
Acts directly on liquid aerosols.

The term "pyrolysis" is used herein to refer to reactions that take place in an oxidizing, inert and/or reducing environment (e.g. high temperature decomposition).
and combinations of these reactions.

A high temperature electrically heated core is provided herein with an upstream cooler series zone through which a flow of process gases can pass longitudinally. Hazardous waste in liquid, gas or solid form is introduced into these zones and the residence time of the waste within the reaction zone is controlled.

The reaction products in this core are inert ash and effluent gases that fall from one end of the core; these effluent gases are
The final effluent stream, which is primarily environmentally acceptable compounds such as carbon dioxide and water, can be recycled for discharge, washed or absorbed. Ash residue is a micronized molten inert solid that can be disposed of as conventional solid municipal waste. In special cases, hazardous components of solid waste can be encapsulated in non-leachable form to comply with the most stringent safety requirements and legal regulations.

〔Example〕

The present invention embodies a pyrolysis reactor 12 having a core 18 shown schematically in FIG. 1 as consisting of a hollow cylinder forming an internal reaction zone 14.

The core 13 may be made of, for example, a high temperature material or an electrically conductive material. As a modification example, core 13
may be formed from high temperature conductive ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, titania, zirconia, molybdenum disilicide, and the like.

The core 13 may consist of a single hollow cylinder, or it may consist of a number of hollow cylinders arranged in series or in parallel. When arranged in series, the temperature can be set to a different level for each hollow cylinder, allowing the device to advantageously process a larger amount of waste material and more efficiently. A cylindrical insulated envelope 16 surrounds the core 13 and completely potses the core with suitable end camps (not shown). Between the core 13 and the sheath 16 there is provided an annular space or spaces 17 which are sealed off from the reaction zone 14 at the top. The use of single or multiple annular spaces around the central reactor core further provides control features, in particular variable residence times, variable temperature gradients and additional reaction or process gas injection points. The annular space typically contains a refractory filler that evenly distributes the flow through the annular region (preventing flow diversion) and increases surface area for reaction. The filler may be particles of spherical or other shape, made of inert, absorbent or catalytic materials, such as alumina, zirconia, magnesia or metal-impregnated or coated ceramics, which the waste passes through the device. Different filling materials may be used in different parts of the annular space 17 to correspond to the increasingly higher temperatures.

Processing gas may be introduced into this annular space as indicated by arrow 18. The process gas may consist of various reactive gaseous substances such as air or carbon monoxide or non-reactive gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon, which serve as carrier gases. In the state of liquid and gaseous wastes, it is advantageous not to utilize process gases to obtain good results in the treatment of such wastes. When operating in pyrolysis mode, the process gas should be present only in small amounts or absent, and the core temperature should be 42°C.
It may be as low as 6.6°C (800°F), but at these conditions the effluent is still toxic after treatment and may require further decomposition at higher temperatures. The process gas, if used, flows through the annular space 17 around the core 13, as indicated by the arrows in the drawing, and thus also through the reaction zone 14 of the core, thereby controlling the flow of the process gas through the reactor. A device, schematically shown as a valve 19, is provided for controlling the . It should be noted that the process gas may be introduced at a point in the device other than the point of confluence with the incoming waste, and that the amount of process gas can vary from no or trace amounts to the number of wastes processed in the device. It can vary up to a factor of two, and the results will inevitably vary.

The temperature inside the core, especially the reaction zone 14, was set to 537.8°C (
Provisions have been made to increase the temperature to high temperatures, such as from 1000"F to over 2900°F. For this purpose, if the core 13 is formed of a conductive material, the controllable The core is electrically heated by passing a current through the core using an external power source 22 .

In the case of cores made of high-temperature materials, any other type of thermal or irradiation energy, such as microwaves, plasma,
Infrared, dielectric, radiation, fossil fuels, etc. may be used as well. In the case of a ceramic core, heating can be achieved by a filament wound around the core 13.

Provision is made to controllably charge hazardous waste into the core 13 at the top of the reaction zone 14 . This is shown schematically in the drawings by a conduit 31 extending vertically downward into the top center of the core. In the case of solid hazardous waste, the solid waste treatment device 33 is first activated as a whole for this waste.

This processing device 33 receives hazardous waste at 34 and crushes it to a predetermined particle size. This particulate waste is then passed through conduit 31 as indicated by arrow 36 into reaction zone 14.
Send it inside. Incidentally, the solid waste is preferably mixed with an inert classification additive. The liquid and gaseous wastes are preferably charged to the reactor by mixing them with the process gas. A controllable nozzle 32 is provided for receiving process gas and liquid waste from line 37 or gaseous waste from line 38.

The reaction zone 14 within the core 13 is physically separated from the annular space 17 around the core at the top of the reactor such that gas flowing vertically through the reaction zone 14 of the core exits the core, e.g. at arrow 47. A recirculator/cooler 46 is fed as shown. For further modifications and controls, if desired, the recirculator portion of the recirculator/cooler 46 may be used to recycle all or a portion of the reactor effluent gas into the reactor system. It may be returned to the reactor at 18, as shown by line M in the drawing, or at any other intermediate point. In many recycle situations, recycle gas 1 can be used to perform pyrolysis in the first and/or second stage of processing. Since the effluent gas has a high temperature, the cooler portion of the recirculator/cooler 46 operates to reduce the temperature so that the effluent gas directed to the atmosphere as indicated by arrow 48 has harmful environmental consequences. prevent this from occurring.

Within the main reaction zone 14 of the present invention, a vertically moving process gas column is preferably provided, supplying solid hazardous waste in finely divided form to the top of the reaction zone and falling down the reaction zone. At that time, a high temperature is maintained by passing an electric current through the core and heating the core. These hazardous wastes undergo a process known as ``pyrolysis,'' where they are converted primarily to carbon dioxide or water, and possibly to solid ash, which is a molten inert solid. The ash from the reactor of the present invention is completely safe and can be disposed of as conventional solid municipal waste.

It should be noted that for the treatment of gaseous or liquid wastes, the device, including the core 13, may be oriented in any direction in space, but for the treatment of solid wastes, the device may be oriented in any direction in space.
The flow of material must be maintained as described above.

The invention is suitable for handling gaseous, aerosol, liquid or solid hazardous wastes and embodies specific means for treating wastes in each state of varying physical properties. First, considering the treatment of gaseous and aerosol hazardous wastes, this can be accomplished with little or no treatment. and injector 32,
That is, it can be injected into the reactor from a nozzle or the like.

Gaseous and aerosol hazardous wastes do not have a lower concentration limit and may not be concentrated prior to treatment.
It is therefore noted that the economics of operating at low charge levels are a factor in determining the desired concentration of influent waste.

Second, for liquid hazardous wastes, e.g. solvents,
The liquid waste is fed to the incoming process gas, which mixes in space 17 and enters reaction zone 14, passing vertically through the reaction zone to undergo high temperature decomposition. This temperature is about 159
Preferably, the temperature is 3.3°C (2900°F).

Liquid injection device 32 preferably includes a nozzle assembly, e.g.
The nozzle is an ultrasonic nozzle, and the nozzle can be controlled by a control device 41 so that the droplets generated by the nozzle and sprayed into the reactor have a predetermined size range. However, other types of atomization or mixing may be desired depending on the size and type of particles to be treated, and the liquid injection device 32 will vary accordingly. These fine droplets mix and entrain the process gas flowing in the annular space 17 and then flow to the main reaction zone 14 . The fine droplets evaporate into the tube, which is preheated and flows through the annular region, into the process gas stream. Hazardous waste is decomposed in the main reaction chamber. It should be noted that complete pyrolysis may be achieved using a series of annular zone flows as well as recirculation throughout the reactor unit. If a series of annular regions are used, each region may be provided with a separate heating source of the same or different design.

In addition, a scrubber or charcoal and carbon absorbent trap may be provided at the outlet 25, for example for complete treatment of waste by-products such as halogens and for neutralization of acids. . It will thus be seen that the present invention is capable of controlling the residence time of hazardous waste within the reaction zone of a reactor. When using processing gas,
The flow rate of this process gas can be varied as part of the above control of the residence time of the waste in the reaction zone to effect complete decomposition of the waste.

It is not necessary, but in some circumstances, to treat the solid hazardous organics by first grinding the waste to silimeter size and then feeding it into a reactor for decomposition.
Sometimes it's desirable. When using this process, the waste is packed between 1 and 120
The residence time of such finely divided solid waste may be controlled by comminution to the micron size range. Thus, for solid hazardous wastes, the processing device 33 can crush the solids to the desired particle size, such that the particle size is reduced as the particles pass through the reaction zone of the present invention. It may be desirable to provide both downflow and upflow reaction zones to provide complete pyrolysis of the hazardous waste. The ash residue formed from the fine-grained waste can be disposed of as conventional solid municipal waste at the reactor outlet 25
It is an inert solid.

The device of the present invention is suitable for installation at locations where hazardous waste is generated, such as semiconductor manufacturing plants, chemical plants, etc. The reactor of the present invention is much smaller than conventional hazardous waste treatment equipment and is compatible with the mechanical/electrical equipment of the manufacturing plants described above. The operation of the device of the invention is uncomplicated and allows the plant operator to easily operate the device, thereby monitoring and analyzing the entire process, e.g. Precise control becomes possible. Also, there are no significant hazardous or toxic products emitted by the device of the invention, such as NOx or acids, and the device is therefore completely safe for widespread use and is widely used throughout the world. Meets or exceeds regulatory requirements.

A preferred embodiment of the hazardous waste reactor according to the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2-5.

Reactor 51 is shown as having an elongated cylindrical barrel or vessel 52, constructed of stainless steel or other high temperature material with structural rigidity and surrounded by insulation 53. It also has flanges on both ends. A cylindrical body 54 is disposed within the sheath or container 52 and is positioned coaxially with the sheath 52 and spaced apart from the sheath 52 to define an annular space 56. There is. The cylinder 54 is made of Hastelloy-C or other high temperature material, and a tube 61 is provided within the cylinder 54 and concentric therewith, creating an annular space between the tube 61 and the cylinder 54. is formed. Tube 61 is made of a high temperature material such as alumina or mullite.

The cylinder 54 is shown having an outer flange around its top that is attached to a top plate 66 from which the cylinder depends. A bottom flange 67 provided on the outer cylinder 52 is spaced apart from the bottom of the cylindrical body 54, and the annular space 62 is sealed between the cylindrical body 54 and the tube 61. Between the bottom flange 67 and the lower end of the cylinder 54, a lateral opening is provided below the cylinder 54, as indicated at 68, providing communication between the annular spaces 56, 62. An inner tube 61 is provided on the bottom flange 67 and is joined with ceramic, and this inner tube 61 extends upward from the bottom flange 67 to the front of the top plate 66 and connects the annular space 62 and the tube 61.
It is designed to communicate with the inside of the building.

Additionally, reactor 51 includes a central cylindrical core 71 positioned concentrically within tube 61 and spaced laterally from tube 61 and surrounding the core with an annular space 72. is formed. Core 71 is attached to top plate 66 and depends from top plate 66 coaxially with the reactor in spaced relation to bottom flange 67 . Further, regarding core 71, it is mentioned that this core is formed of a high temperature conductive ceramic material, such as silicon carbide, titania, zirconia, or molybdenum disilicide (core 71 has a pair of helical slots 73). 74°, the slots extend downwardly from the top a short distance on each diametrical side of the core, then spiral around the core and extend downwardly; The arrangement of the slots 73, 74 is such that they are interlaced over most of the length of the core and mutually connected to each other at the bottom of the core such that the slots terminate short of the bottom. It will be seen that they form a pair of merged bayonet helices 76,77.2
It will be seen that the two helices 76,77 are separated over substantially the entire length of the core at the top of the core and connected to each other at the bottom of the core. This allows the core to be electrically energized by passing a current from the top of one helix down the length of the helix to the bottom and then up the other helix to the top of the core. At the top of the core, a connector 81 is shown schematically as an extension of the top plate 66, to which is connected a conductor 82 for controllingly passing electrical current through the core to heat the core. can.

Means are provided for passing gas into the reactor of the invention, and for this purpose an inlet tube 8 extending radially outwardly through the sheath 52 is provided.
6 and insulation 53 adjacent the top of the reactor are shown. Means is also provided for the gases and reaction products to flow out from the bottom of the reactor; for this purpose, the bottom flange 6
7 is shown as having a central axial opening 88. It will be seen that this opening communicates with the interior of tube 61 below the bottom of core 71.

A heat insulating discharge chamber 91 is provided below the outer cylinder 52.
This discharge chamber 91 is formed by a cylindrical body 92 having a perforated bottom plate 93 that abuts the lower flange 67 and closes this chamber. This discharge chamber 91 communicates with the interior of the reactor via an opening 88 in the lower flange 67 of the reactor and includes an outlet pipe 96 and a bottom for the final removal of the ash formed in the reactor of the invention. A discharge port 97 is provided. This bottom part is provided when solid hazardous waste is to be treated, and in other cases it can be replaced by a single tube connected thereto.

To maximize the thermal efficiency of the reactor, an external heat transfer unit 102 is preferably provided through which the inlet tube 87 and outlet tube 96 pass.
Also provided. All the inlet pipes, such as pipes 86, 87, are connected to each other, for example by a manifold, and pass through a heat exchanger 102, which initially heats the incoming gas with the heat remaining in the effluent of the exhaust pipe 96, i.e., the outgoing gas. You will see that you can.

Additionally, in the preferred embodiment of the pyrolysis reactor of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2-5, the interior of the outer shell 52 contains a refractory or catalyst in the form of small spheres or other shapes, such as alumina spheres. A packed bed 106 of carrier beads or modules is provided in the annular space 56 and is connected to the bottom plate 6.
7 and extends upwardly to a height slightly lower than the inlet pipes 86,87. This packed bed 106 enters the annular space 62 between the cylinders 54, 61 through an opening 68.

Thus, the annular space 62 is further provided with a packed bed 107 which extends upwardly to the same height as the outer wall 106 directly below the top of the tube 61 from the bottom plate 67 . Packed bed 106, 10
7 is provided to enhance heat transfer, control flow, and form an initial reaction surface, as will be explained further below. In the case of a reactor configuration in which no solids are treated in the core space 73, the bottom of the cylinder 61 is used to enhance the reaction and to exchange heat of the exiting gas to the feed gas entering the annular region 62. The area is also filled with refractory material or catalyst support. In reactors that process solids, this refractory filling is omitted.

The reactor described above is adapted to decompose hazardous waste in gaseous, liquid or solid form and preferably the waste liquid or solids are passed through an opening 75 at the top of the core 71 into the center of the reactor. to be introduced. A flow of finely divided solid particles or fine droplets is introduced into opening 75 using a suitable injection device (not shown).
The core is then charged. Gaseous waste is introduced into the reactor by mixing with the gas stream fed to inlet 87. Measures are taken to prevent gas from flowing out from the opening 75.

While the operation of the reactors of Figures 2 to 5 will now be described, considering the example of gaseous waste, it should be noted that such gases can be mixed directly with the air stream at the inlet. tube 8
Supply to 7. through the reactor.

The flow of air and gas is carried under pressure through inlet pipe 87.
or ζ can be accomplished by evacuating the reactor via outlet tube 96. To enhance process results, it may be desirable to operate the reactor at reduced pressure (partial vacuum) or at superatmospheric pressure, for example 2 to 3 atmospheres.

The air and gas flow entering tube 87 is first passed through external heat exchanger 102 to provide initial heating by the residual heat of the exhaust from the reactor passing through tube 96.

A flow of preheated air and gas is then directed into the annular space 56 between the barrel 52 and the cylinder 54 where it passes downwardly through the packed bed 106 and into the opening 68 below the cylinder 54. and passes upward through packed bed 107. Core 71 was heated to 537.8°C (1000°F) to 1593.3°C (29
Heat to very high temperatures (00°F) or higher. This heating is accomplished by passing current from the variable power supply 83 down through the core from one half of its top to the bottom of the core and back up to the other half. According to this power supply, the voltage and current applied to the core can be controlled to control the temperature of the core. Inside the core, an inner thermocouple 108 is positioned adjacent the bottom of the core, and the thermocouple 108 is coupled to provide an indication of the temperature of the core to a meter 109. The temperature of the core may be regulated and maintained at a desired level by varying the voltage and current supplied to the core by power supply 83 to achieve the desired temperature as indicated by meter 109.

Heat generated in hot core 71 is radiated laterally outward from the core to heat tube 61, and this heat passes through packed bed 107, cylinder 54, and packed bed 106.

(Thus, the incoming gas and air through the packed bed 106, 107 are heated to a very high temperature before this air/gas stream reaches the core. As this stream exits the top of the packed bed 107, An annular space 72 passes over the top of the tube 61
and also into the interior of the core through slots 73,74 in the core.

This treated gas/gaseous waste mixture then flows downward to the bottom of the interior of the reactor, during which it is subjected to high temperature heating for effective pyrolysis and/or of the gaseous waste being carried in the gas stream. Oxidizes to safe compounds such as carbon dioxide and water.

During the treatment of hazardous waste, the temperatures achieved are often sufficient to melt the solid residue from the waste into a stable ash etc. which is filtered through a fine screen into chamber 91 below the reactor. The gaseous flow is conveyed and retained in this chamber, and the gaseous stream exits through tube 96 so that it can be further processed as described above. To further control waste decomposition and comminution, measures are taken to recirculate all or a portion of the gas in the outflow gas stream 96 to the inflow stream 87. Sections of recirculation may also be provided at other intermediate points in the reactor.

The reactor described above was used to decompose a variety of chemicals and the results of a number of runs of the reactor are shown in the table below.

Although the invention has been described with respect to specific preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications and variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a central longitudinal view of a hot hazardous waste reactor according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along plane 3--3 of FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged central sectional view of the upper end of the reactor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is an enlarged central sectional view of the lower end of the reactor. 12...Pyrolysis reactor, 13...
... Core, 14 ... Reaction zone, 16
...... Outer cylinder, 17... Annular space,
22...Power supply, 32...Liquid injection device, 33...Solid waste treatment device, 41...
・Control'4'n device. Procedural amendment (formality) 62.8.2, Director General of the Patent Office Kunio Ogawa 1, Indication of case 1986 Patent Case No. 115729
No. 2, Title of the invention Hazardous waste treatment equipment 3, Relationship with the person making the amendment Case Applicant 4, Agent

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a hazardous waste treatment apparatus, (a) a high-temperature core forming a central reaction zone; (b) a high-temperature core provided around the core and connected to the inside of the reaction zone and other outer cylinders; at least one outer cylinder forming a communicating annular space; (c) controlling the temperature of the core to at least 426.6°C (80°C);
(d) continuously charging the reaction zone with hazardous waste in pulverulent, gaseous or aerosol form to remove the waste from the waste; (e) a device for removing said solid reaction products from the bottom end of said reaction zone. . 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the heating means comprises an electric current. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a device for changing the pressure in the reaction zone. 4. A bypass for receiving treated waste from said reaction zone and for recirculating said waste to an inlet chamber or other intermediate chamber of the apparatus, coupled to receive gas flowing from said reaction zone, the temperature of said gas being 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a gas outlet device having a cooler for lowering the temperature of the gas and discharging the cooled gas to the atmosphere. 5. The above core is formed of high temperature material which is non-reactive at very high temperature in the presence of oxygen and hazardous waste, thereby directly processing and decomposing the hazardous waste containing chemically bonded oxygen at high temperature. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is capable of 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the core is made of a material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, zirconia, titania, or molybdenum disilicide. 7. At least one cylindrical body is disposed within the outer cylinder around the core to form at least one annular space between the outer cylinder and the cylindrical body, and a packed bed is disposed in the annular space. so that heat can be transferred to the moisture of the hazardous waste as it passes through this packed bed, which is made of an inert or catalytic material, such as spherical or 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is composed of pellet types of other shapes. 8. The core is hollow and divided lengthwise into two halves from the top to just short of the bottom by a pair of slots, the slots being spiral around the core and extending through the core. An elongated electrical path is formed between the two halves at the top, and a variable power supply is connected to the two halves at the top of the core.
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is connected between two halves. 9. The method of claim 9 further comprising a device for directing a process gas as a flow through the annular space and the reaction zone, said gas being either reactive or non-reactive with said hazardous waste. A device according to scope 1. 10. (a) a solid waste treatment device that receives solid hazardous waste and acts on the waste to grind the waste into particles having a controllable size ranging from 1 to 1200 microns; b) an injection device for directing the particles downwardly through the reaction zone in countercurrent to the process gas and into the top of the core to control the residence time of the particles in the zone; 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: an apparatus according to claim 9; 11. A device for controllably injecting liquid or gaseous waste into the process gas stream, further comprising a controllable nozzle for setting the droplet size as a control value for the residence time in the reaction zone. 10. A device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises: 12. In a hazardous waste treatment device: (a) having a substantially vertical central hollow core of material impermeable to oxygen and said hazardous waste at temperatures above 426.6°C (800°F); (b) a device for heating said core to a very high temperature; (c) a flow of process gas to carry the hazardous waste in solid or gaseous form; (d) a device for continuously feeding into the top of said reaction zone; (d) hazardous waste in said reaction zone for producing primarily carbon dioxide, water and molten solid particles of said waste as products of said reactor; (e) a device for removing the product of the reactor from the bottom of the reaction zone for conventional waste disposal. Device. 13. In a hazardous waste reactor apparatus: (a) an apparatus forming a central reaction zone; (b) a temperature of at least 426.6°C (
(c) forming at least one packed bed adjacent to the reactor and receiving heat from the packed bed; d) a device for injecting hazardous waste in liquid or gaseous form into the reaction zone for heating in the packed bed and thermal decomposition in the reaction zone. 14. The apparatus forming at least one packed bed is further arranged in a heat transfer relationship with each other and with respect to the reaction zone to heat the hazardous waste to an elevated temperature in the bed before entering the reaction zone. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that adjacent countercurrent channels are formed around the reaction zone. 15. The apparatus for forming the reaction zone and the packed bed comprises concentric cylinders with intervening packed beds to form a tortuous labyrinth passage through which the waste mixture passes before entering the reaction zone. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that: 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising a device for directing process gas at the temperature of the hazardous waste as a flow through the packed bed to control temperature and residence time. The device described. 17. In a hazardous waste reactor apparatus: (a) an apparatus forming a central reaction zone; (b) a temperature of at least 426.6°C (
(c) an apparatus for forming a plurality of packed beds in heat exchange relationship with the reaction zone; (d) a hazard in liquid or solid form; and a device for controllably injecting waste into the reactor through the packed bed and the reaction zone in order to decompose it into safe residues. 18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising means for passing process gas through the packed bed and the reaction zone. 19. The device for forming a reaction zone consists of a tube, and the device for forming a packed bed consists of an elongated tube for raising the waste to a predetermined temperature in a zone formed by a separate packed bed. Claim 1, characterized in that the tube has a plurality of concentric cylinders with end communication around the tube, forming heat exchange passages before entering the reaction zone.
The device according to item 7. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a number of central hot cores. 21. The device according to claim 19, further comprising a heating element positioned in the area of the packed bed and increasing the temperature of the hazardous waste before entering the central core area. .