JPS63280876A - Lubricating mechanism of swash plate type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable lubrication to be carried out by utilizing the lubricating oil mixed into a coolant gas, by providing a main suction passage through which returned coolant gas is introduced from the inlet of a compressor into a swash plate chamber, and an auxiliary suction passage through which the bottom of a housing is communicated with the swash plate chamber via a throttle. CONSTITUTION:When a swash plate 32 is turned with a drive shaft 26, a piston 36 reciprocates inside a cylinder core bore 12 via a ball joint 38. And, for instance, when the piston 36 moves to the left, a suction valve 42b fitted on the piston head part 36b on the rear side opens, so that the coolant gas is sucked inside the cylinder bore 12 on the right side. In this case, the coolant gas is sucked through a machinery body suction port 46 of a suction cylinder 44 formed in a rear housing 18 into an auxiliary suction passage 48b. Further, the sucked coolant gas is reversed from the bottom 48c of the auxiliary suction passage 48b, and is supplied to a main suction passage 48a. Thus, the lubricating oil separated from the coolant gas is reserved at the bottom part 48c, and the lubricating oil is supplied to respective bearings or the like through a throttle 52 via a small chamber 54 and a lubricating oil passage 56.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a swash plate compressor, and in particular, a piston that reciprocates within the cylinder pore according to the rotation of the swash plate sucks refrigerant gas into a cylinder pore and compresses it. , relates to an internal lubrication mechanism in a swash plate compressor that discharges compressed refrigerant gas into a discharge chamber.

[Prior art]

A swash plate compressor compresses refrigerant gas by reciprocating a piston within a cylinder pore by rotating a swash plate fixed on a rotary drive shaft. In particular, radial and thrust bearings, piston sliding surfaces, cylinder walls, and the engagement area between the swash plate and piston are maintained in a proper lubricated state by supplying lubricating oil, and the cooling effect of lubricating oil prevents abnormalities. Preventing wear and seizure phenomena is essential to ensure the durability of the compressor.

To this end, various types of in-machine lubrication mechanisms have been conventionally provided for swash plate type pressurizers that mix lubricating oil into the refrigerant fluid and supply the lubricating oil to the respective operating parts. For example, Utility Model Application Publication No. 50-19002 and Utility Model Application No. 54-8
Publication No. 106 provides a lubricating oil storage chamber at the bottom of the cylinder,
Furthermore, an oil pump is disclosed that is attached to one end of a drive shaft to which a rotating swash plate is fixed, and supplies lubricating oil accumulated in a lubricating oil storage chamber to required parts such as a T-bearing via the drive shaft.

Furthermore, the swash plate compressor disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-203883 is a compressor that has an overhead valve type piston with a suction valve mechanism on the working surface of the piston, and the space between the cylinder bores is used for refrigerant gas. The bottom of the space forming the suction passage is formed as a lubricating oil storage chamber, and the lubricating oil storage chamber is communicated with the swash plate chamber, so that lubrication is achieved by rotation of the swash plate. It has a structure that splashes oil to supply lubricating oil to operating elements. Furthermore, it can be seen that the cylinder pore is configured such that when the refrigerant gas is sucked into the cylinder pore from the overhead valve, the inside of the cylinder pore can be lubricated with lubricating oil in the refrigerant gas.

[Problems and effects to be solved]

However, the former lubrication mechanism described above requires an oil pan and oil pump means as a lubrication oil chamber, which inevitably increases the size of the outside of the compressor. However, in the latter case, there is a problem in that it is difficult to secure a place to mount the compressor in the vehicle, and the latter lubrication mechanism requires a refrigerant suction passage and a lubricating oil storage chamber to be secured between the cylinder bores. Therefore, the number of cylinders in the compressor is inevitably limited, and the number of cylinders must be limited to about 3 cylinders on each side.For example, if there are 5 cylinders on each side, both the intake and discharge refrigerant passages will be sufficiently It has the disadvantage of being difficult to secure. Also, inhalation,
The structure in which the discharge pipe protrudes in the axial direction from the cylinder end face increases the axial length of the compressor body, and installation in a vehicle also increases the space, making it difficult to install it in the vehicle engine compartment. There are issues that make it difficult.

Therefore, the present invention eliminates such disadvantages and problems,
The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-machine lubrication mechanism that can be applied to a swash plate compressor that is as compact as possible.

[Means of solution and action]

That is, according to the present invention, a rotating swash plate is provided in a swash plate chamber in a cylinder block and rotates together with the drive shaft, and the refrigerant is sucked by being pushed by the rotating swash plate and reciprocating within the multi-cylinder cylinder bore. , a plurality of pistons that perform compression;
An overhead valve is provided on the working end surface of the piston and opens during the suction stroke of the piston to allow refrigerant gas to be sucked into the cylinder bore from the swash plate chamber; A swash plate compressor comprising front and rear housings each having a discharge chamber received from the cylinder bore, the main suction refrigerant passage introducing return refrigerant from the compressor inlet into the swash plate chamber; is formed as another branch passage, and has a bottom part in one of the front and rear housings, and is connected to the swash plate chamber from the bottom part via the drive shaft and the rotating mechanism part of the swash plate via the throttle passage. A swash plate compressor is provided with a auxiliary suction refrigerant passage that communicates with the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage, and is configured to lubricate the drive shaft and the rotating mechanism portion of the swash plate with lubricating oil mixed in the refrigerant in the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage. The suction refrigerant is sucked into the cylinder bore from the main suction refrigerant passage mainly through the swash plate chamber, and the sub suction refrigerant passage supplies lubricating oil. This eliminates the need to provide a refrigerant suction chamber in at least one of the housings, thereby reducing space and downsizing the compressor body. Moreover,
By penetrating and extending into the rotational drive shaft to which the swash plate is fixed, the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage supplies sufficient lubricating oil to various operating parts such as the rotating mechanism in the front and rear parts of the compressor. I'm trying to do what I can. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a swash plate compressor equipped with a lubrication mechanism according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of one side of the swash plate compressor according to the same embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment.

Now, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the swash plate compressor according to the present invention includes a substantially cylindrical cylinder block 10, and a plurality of cylinder bores 12 are arranged around the central axis of the cylinder block 10. These cylinder bores 12 are bored parallel to the central axis and parallel to each other, and are formed as through holes opening in both the front and rear end surfaces of the cylinder block 10. A front housing 16 and a rear housing 18 are hermetically attached to the front and rear end faces of the cylinder block 10 via a valve plate 14 by jointly tightening through bolts 11, and inside the front housing 16 is an annular front discharge chamber 16a. On the other hand, the rear housing 18
A similarly annular rear discharge chamber 18a is formed in the rear discharge chamber 18a.

And both ridge projecting chambers 16a, 18a are connected to each valve plate 14.
When the discharge valves 20a and 22a attached to the discharge chamber side open, the high-pressure refrigerant gas chamber receives compressed refrigerant gas from the cylinder bore 12. The compressed refrigerant is sent from the compressor to the air conditioning circuit outside the compressor. Now, cylinder block 10
Bearing holding parts 10a and 10b are provided at the front and rear of the center of the
A drive shaft 26 is rotatably supported by radial bearings 24a and 24b held by the bearing holders 10a and 10b, and the front end of the drive shaft 26 is connected to a shaft provided at the center of the front housing 16. It extends forward through the sealed chamber 27 and is rotationally driven by a driving force from an external rotational drive source, for example, a vehicle engine. A shaft sealing device 30 is provided inside the shaft sealing chamber 27 . A swash plate 32 is fixed to approximately the center of the drive shaft 26 by appropriate fixing means, such as a cutting means, and is integrally attached to the drive shaft 26 in the swash plate chamber 2.
The cylinder block 1 is rotatable within the cylinder block 8 through front and rear thrust bearings 34a and 34b.
It is supported on the end faces of the bearing holding parts 10a and 10b of 0.

When the swash plate 32 rotates together with the drive shaft 26, the pistons 36, which are slidably and tightly fitted into each of the plurality of cylinder bores 12 of the cylinder block 10, receive an axial operating force via the ball joint 38. It reciprocates within the cylinder bore 12 of the cylinder. That is, as will be described later, the three operations of suction and compression of refrigerant gas and discharge of the compressed refrigerant gas are sequentially repeated within the cylinder bore 12. Here, the piston 36 has two heads 36a on the front side and the rear side,
36b and both g36a, 2 formed in the center of 36b.
1. The latter swash plate engaging portion 36c engages with the swash plate 32 via the ball joint 38 as described above, and the former piston head 36
A, 36b are provided with an appropriate number of small diameter axial refrigerant suction holes 4.
A suction valve 42 is provided with 0 and is mounted on the piston action surface.
a and 42b to suck refrigerant gas into the cylinder bore 12 on the suction side. That is, the piston 3 shown in FIG.
6 slides to the left, the rear piston head 3
Suction valve 42b attached to the piston action surface in 6b
When the valve is opened, the cylinder bore 12 on the right side flows from the refrigerant suction hole 40.
Refrigerant gas is sucked into the tank. Now, when the refrigerant gas returns from the external air conditioning circuit, it passes through the airframe suction port 46 opened at the upper end of the suction cylinder 44 formed vertically in the rear housing 18 of the compressor and into the sub-suction refrigerant passage in the suction cylinder 44. I'm heading towards 48b. The auxiliary suction refrigerant passage 48b extends vertically within the suction cylinder 44, and is bifurcated from the main suction refrigerant passage 48a near directly below the body suction port 46. The main suction refrigerant passage 48a opens substantially perpendicularly to the vertically extending auxiliary suction refrigerant passage 48b, and the passage wall 5 of the cylinder block 10 bulges out.
0 is extended and communicated with the aforementioned swash plate chamber 28. In other words, the main suction refrigerant passage 48a is provided as the main suction passage for return refrigerant gas, and the refrigerant gas that has entered the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage 48b from the body suction port 46 also flows into the suction cylinder 44 to the bottom 48C of the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage 48b. When the refrigerant collides with the refrigerant, it reverses and rises, passing through the main suction refrigerant passage 48a and eventually being sucked into the swash plate chamber 28. As described above, the sub-intake refrigerant passage 48b has a relatively long hole structure so that collision and reversal of the refrigerant gas occur at the bottom 48C, and the bottom 48C is formed by a throttle formed in the rear housing 18. 52 to communicate with a small chamber 54 , and the small chamber 54
is connected to the drive shaft 26 through the center hole 56b of the rear valve plate 14.
It communicates with a lubricating oil passage 56 bored in the center of the rear radial bearing 24b and the rear thrust bearing 34b. The lubricating oil passage 56 extends inside the drive shaft, opens into the shaft sealing chamber 27 of the front housing 16, and further passes through the center hole 56a of the front valve plate 14 to the front radial bearing 24a and the front thrust bearing 34a. is connected to.

Here, if we pay further attention to the refrigerant gas that has flowed in from the airframe suction hole 46, lubricating oil is mixed in this refrigerant gas. Since the flow rate is restricted by the throttle effect of the throttle 52 at 48c, most of the gas flows to the bottom 48.
It collides with c and is reversed. During the collision and reversal process, the lubricating oil content in the refrigerant gas is separated from the refrigerant gas because it has a larger inertia than the gas body, and the refrigerant gas with the mixed lubricating oil content reduced in this way reverses and enters the main suction. The refrigerant will flow to the refrigerant passage 48a. Separated lubricating oil accumulates at the bottom 48c of the suction cylinder 44.

Of course, a small amount of refrigerant gas passes through the throttle 52 and enters the small chamber 54.
radial bearing 24b and thrust bearing 34.
It reaches the swash plate chamber 28 through the gap with b.

Further, the refrigerant gas in the main suction refrigerant passage 48a is transferred to the swash plate chamber 28.
, and diffuses into the swash plate chamber 28 , receives a suction action from the piston 36 , and is sucked into the cylinder bore 12 . Here, in order to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant gas in the swash plate chamber 28 in the process of diffusing into the large swash plate chamber 28, the suction cylinder 4
The pressure of the refrigerant gas flowing in from the airframe intake port 46 is high. In other words, the pressure in the sub-suction refrigerant passage 4.8b is higher than the pressure in the swash plate chamber 28.

In this way, since there is a pressure difference, the lubricating oil accumulated in the bottom portion 48c is subjected to a pressing force based on the pressure difference, flows into the small chamber 54 through the throttle 52, fills the small chamber 54, and flows toward the rear side. The oil enters the swash plate chamber 28 while lubricating the radial and thrust bearings 24b and 34b, and accumulates at the bottom of the chamber 28.

Further, the lubricating oil simultaneously advances from the small chamber 54 through the lubricating passage 56 of the drive shaft 26, reaches the front side, and lubricates the radial and thrust bearings 24a and 34a on the front side.

That is, it lubricates the rotating elements within the compressor. Note that within the swash plate chamber 28, the refrigerant gas that has entered via the main suction refrigerant passage 48a still contains lubricating oil.
Moreover, the lubricating oil that has flowed into the swash plate chamber 28 from the above-mentioned sub-suction refrigerant passage 48b and accumulated at the bottom of the chamber is lifted up by the rotation of the swash plate at t8, so that there is sufficient lubricating oil in the swash plate chamber 28. Since it exists in It is also sucked into the cylinder bore wall and the piston sliding surface to lubricate it.

The lubricating oil is then discharged together with the compressed refrigerant gas from the cylinder bore 12 to the discharge chambers 16a, f8a, and is sent to the external air conditioning circuit in a compatible state together with the high-pressure refrigerant gas. In addition, in the above-mentioned lubrication process, the lubricating oil is originally brought to a low temperature state by the refrigerant gas, so it not only lubricates but also provides a cooling effect to the operating elements.

As is clear from the above description, according to the lubrication mechanism of the swash plate compressor according to the present embodiment, the suction passage system for the return refrigerant gas is connected to the main suction refrigerant passage 48a directly connected to the swash plate chamber, and the main suction refrigerant passage 48a is connected directly to the swash plate chamber. The main suction refrigerant passage 48a is mainly used for suction of refrigerant gas, and the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage 48b is used to separate lubricating oil from the refrigerant gas, and is used to separate operating elements in the compressor, especially bearings. Since this is a passage means for supplying lubricating oil to the rear housing 18, there is no need to use a conventional oil pump, and the sub-intake refrigerant passage 48b, the bottom 48G, and the throttle 52 are simply provided in a part of the rear housing 18. Since the lubrication mechanism is designed to suppress the expansion of external dimensions as much as possible and distribute the lubricant by passing the lubricant passage 56 through the drive shaft 26, it is possible to maintain the downsizing of the compressor while skillfully providing internal lubrication. It has been achieved.

Next, referring to FIG. 3 showing another embodiment according to the present invention, the embodiment illustrated here is a part of the main suction refrigerant J path 48a in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 described above. Structurally, there is no difference except that a flow rate adjustment valve 60 is provided in the section.

The flow rate regulating valve 60 has a hollow valve housing 62 erected outside the cylinder block 10 , the upper part of the valve housing 62 is open to the atmosphere, and a flanged valve body 64 is mounted inside with a spring 66 The valve body 6 is pressed downward.
The main suction refrigerant passage 48 allows the valve operating part at the bottom of 4 to be moved up and down.
It is made to protrude inside a. Further, the flange 6 of the valve body 64
5 and the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10.
are extended in a flexible manner to form a suction pressure chamber 70, and this suction pressure chamber 70 is connected to a through hole 7 bored in the cylinder block 10.
2 and communicates with the main suction refrigerant passage 48a.

Such a flow rate regulating valve 60 senses the change in the pressure of the suction refrigerant gas with respect to the atmospheric pressure and the biasing force of the spring 66, and adjusts the valve body 6 accordingly.
4 into the main suction refrigerant passage 48a, and as a result, the passage cross-sectional area of the main suction refrigerant passage 48a is increased or decreased.

In this way, by increasing or decreasing the passage cross-sectional area of the main suction refrigerant passage 48a, the discharge amount of the compressed refrigerant can be adjusted according to the increase or decrease in the cooling load of the air conditioning circuit, and when the cooling load is large, the inflow amount of the return refrigerant can be adjusted. Because the suction pressure is large, the pressure in the suction chamber 70 of the flow rate adjustment valve 60 is large (against the atmospheric pressure and the biasing force of the spring 66, the valve body 64
Since the refrigerant gas is discharged from the compressor and the cross-sectional area of the passage is kept large, a large amount of refrigerant gas is sucked into the compressor, and the discharge capacity of the compressor is also increased. On the other hand, when the cooling load becomes small, the suction pressure decreases, and the pressure in the suction chamber 70 of the flow rate adjustment valve 60 decreases, so the discharge amount of the valve body 64 to the main suction refrigerant passage 48a increases, and the passage cross-sectional area decreases. Since this decreases, the amount of gas sucked into the compressor decreases, and therefore the discharge capacity of the compressor decreases. In other words, the compressor discharge capacity corresponding to the cooling load can be obtained.

Here, as a feature of the compressor of this embodiment, the flow rate regulating valve 6
When the zero valve body 64 reduces the passage cross-sectional area of the main suction refrigerant passage 48a, the flow rate of the suction refrigerant gas to the swash plate chamber 28 decreases, and the pressure inside the swash plate chamber 28 decreases. The inflow amount of lubricating oil from the passage 48a also decreases, but on the other hand, a flow rate regulating valve 6 is provided at the bottom 48C of the sub-suction refrigerant passage 48b.
Refrigerant gas flows into the bottom 4 without being affected by
It collides with 8C, flips over, and separates the lubricating oil.

Further, since the amount of refrigerant gas flowing into the bottom portion 48C of the sub-suction refrigerant passage 48b is not reduced by the flow rate adjustment valve 60, the pressure is maintained higher than that in the swash plate chamber 28. In this way, the lubricating oil that accumulates in the bottom 48c flows through the throttle 52, the small chamber 54, and the lubricating oil passage 56 of the drive shaft 26 due to the pressure difference between the bottom 48c of the sub-suction refrigerant passage 48b and the swash plate chamber 28. The oil is then pumped to each bearing, ball joint, etc. for lubrication, and ultimately enters the cylinder bore 12 via the swash plate chamber 28 to lubricate the cylinder bore wall and piston surface. Therefore, by providing the flow rate adjustment valve 60, the discharge capacity of the compressor can be adjusted in accordance with the cooling load, and the interior of the machine can be properly lubricated with the lubricating oil from the system of the sub-suction refrigerant passage 48b. You get it.

Although the present invention has been described above based on two embodiments, it is also possible to provide other embodiments based on the idea of the lubrication mechanism of the present invention. A baffle plate such as a wire mesh may be provided to promote separation of the refrigerant gas and lubricating oil.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, for internal lubrication in a swash plate compressor, the return refrigerant gas suction system is arranged branched into two main and auxiliary suction refrigerant passages, and the main suction refrigerant passage supplies refrigerant gas via the swash plate chamber. Constructed into a system that inhales into the cylinder bore,
The auxiliary suction refrigerant passage is designed to mainly separate lubricating oil from the return refrigerant gas and supply lubricating oil to rotating elements such as bearings, sliding parts, and elements inside the compressor. This has the effect that it is possible to provide a lubrication mechanism that can lubricate the compressor without a pump, and can achieve appropriate lubrication while reducing the size of the compressor without expanding the external shape of the compressor.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a swash plate compressor equipped with a lubrication mechanism according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of one side of the swash plate compressor according to the same embodiment, and FIG. , a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Cylinder block, 12... Cylinder bore, 14... Valve plate, 16... Front housing, 16a... Front discharge chamber, 18... Rear housing, 18a... Rear discharge chamber, 24a, 24b...Front and rear side radial bearings, 26...Drive shaft, 28...Swash plate chamber, 32...Swash plate, 34a, 34b...Front and rear side thrust bearings, 36...・Piston, 40... Suction hole, 42a, 42b... Suction valve, 44... Suction cylinder, 46,... Aircraft suction port, 48a... Main suction refrigerant passage, 48b... Sub suction Refrigerant passage, 48C... bottom, 52... throttle, 54... small chamber, 56... lubricating oil passage, 60... flow rate adjustment valve. Salary 1st Figure 2

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A rotating swash plate that is installed in a swash plate chamber in the cylinder block and rotates together with the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons that suck and compress refrigerant by being pushed by the rotating swash plate and reciprocating within the multi-cylinder cylinder bore. an overhead valve that is provided on the working end surface of the piston and opens during the suction stroke of the piston to allow refrigerant gas to be sucked into the cylinder bore from the swash plate chamber; A swash plate compressor comprising front and rear housings each having a discharge chamber for receiving gas from the cylinder bore, the main suction refrigerant passage introducing return refrigerant from the compressor inlet into the swash plate chamber, and the main suction refrigerant. It is formed as a branch path separate from the passage, and has a bottom in one of the front and rear housings, and the slant is connected from the bottom through the throttle passage and through the rotation mechanism of the drive shaft and swash plate. A swash plate type compression comprising a sub-suction refrigerant passage communicating with a plate chamber, and configured to lubricate the drive shaft and the rotating mechanism portion of the swash plate with lubricating oil mixed in the refrigerant in the sub-suction refrigerant passage. Machine lubrication mechanism. 2. The main refrigerant suction passage extends substantially perpendicularly to the refrigerant flow direction at the compressor inlet and is formed to communicate with the swash plate, and the auxiliary refrigerant suction passage extends from the compressor inlet. The lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the lubrication mechanism is formed as a substantially straight passage extending in the refrigerant flow direction to the bottom. 3. 2. The lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the sub-suction refrigerant passage is formed as a long passage having a lubricating oil reservoir at the bottom. 4. The lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the main suction refrigerant passage is provided with a flow rate regulating valve therein. 5. 6. The lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 5, wherein said throttle passage comprises a narrow fluid flow path formed within said rear housing. 6. The lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the sub-suction refrigerant passage includes a baffle plate made of wire mesh between the compressor inlet and the bottom. 7. Claims characterized in that the auxiliary suction refrigerant passage is provided via a radial bearing that supports the drive shaft of the rotation mechanism section of the drive shaft and swash plate, and a thrust bearing that supports the swash plate. A lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to item 1. 8. The auxiliary suction refrigerant passage is formed as a suction refrigerant passage having the bottom in the rear housing, and is connected to a rotation mechanism provided on the front side of the drive shaft through a through hole formed in the drive shaft. A lubrication mechanism for a swash plate compressor according to claim 1, which is configured to communicate with each other and supply lubricating oil.