JPS63279037A - Apparatus for natural lighting and ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to exhibit the functions of natural lighting, ventilation, temperature control, etc. by a method wherein the extending and retracting actuation of a shape memory alloy spring due to variation in temperature is utilized as a driving source for the opening and closing of a vane and the power sent from a see-through solar battery or the like is used as a power source for the running of a fan motor. CONSTITUTION:When a peripheral temperature is 10 deg.C, a shape memory alloy (SMA) spring 11 is in a retracted state and a vane 2 is in a fore-hanging state due to its gravity and closes a ventilating opening. When the peripheral temperature exceeds 15 deg.C, the SMA spring 11 extends to push a sliding member 8 upward. According to this movement, a nose 5' of a cross arm 5 makes a rotational motion as sliding along a beard surface 8' projected from the sliding member 8, whereby the vane 2 fixed to the cross arm 5 is made to rotate so as to be brought into an open state. In case of two or more vanes 2, they are interlocked by a connecting rod 7 so that all of them are made into an open state to ensure natural ventilation. In this instance, contacts 15, 16 are interconnected with each other, therefore, if sunshine is available, electric power is generated by a see-through solar battery 13 to run a fan motor 12. When the peripheral temperature falls below 15 deg.C, the SMA spring 11 is restored to the retracted state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a device that provides natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature control using top lights in attics, greenhouses, sunrooms, and atriums.

Ideally, attics and the like should have natural light, and since they are susceptible to changes in outside temperature, ventilation by opening and closing windows is strongly required.

Traditionally, most windows were opened and closed manually. If you want an automatic function for this, it can be solved by combining a temperature sensor and some kind of drive mechanism, but the device will not cause large flames, external input will be required, and the cost will be high. However, there are not many examples like this.

A mechanism that requires no external input or maintenance would be more ideal.

Recently, a Gessle module, which is a semi-transparent solar cell, has been developed, and a shape memory alloy (hereinafter referred to as SMA) that has the function of both a sensor and an actuator has been developed.

Therefore, the present daylighting/ventilation device is characterized by combining these two functions to provide natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature control functions.

In other words, by using SMA, the temperature control function is ensured by opening the louver board in the summer and closing it in winter and other low temperatures. By adopting sheath solar cells in whole or in part to ensure natural lighting, and by connecting the solar cells and fan motor via a limit switch etc., forced ventilation can be performed when the louver board is opened. It is.

However, when there is no sunlight, only natural ventilation can be provided through the open louvers, or if a secondary battery is installed, forced ventilation can be ensured at all times.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the structure includes a casing 1 made of plastic or aluminum, etc., in any shape such as a rectangular shape or a trapezoidal shape, and inside the casing 1 made of aluminum or stainless steel. Place one or more of 2 in parallel.

The blades 2 may be flat or have arbitrary bends.

A rotary shaft 3 is fixedly protruding from both ends of the blade 2.

At this time, the rotating shaft 3 for the blades 21, 22, .

This rotating shaft 3 is rotatably supported by a bearing plate 4 which also serves as a windbreak.

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 4, one of the rotating shafts 3 is provided with a dogleg-shaped arm 5 or an uneven dogleg-shaped arm 5, and the other rotary shaft 8 is a straight arm 6. Attach each at an appropriate angle.

A rotating wheel may be attached to the tip 5' of the arm 5.

Then, the arm 5 and the arm 6 are rotatably connected by a connecting culm 7.

A sliding body 8 is installed so as to lightly contact the tip 5' of the arm 5, and the shaft 9 is fixed to the wall surface of the casing 1 by slidingly passing through the sliding body 8.

A paraboloidal barbed surface 8' protrudes from the sliding body 8 to allow the arm 5 to rotate smoothly.

A clasp 10 is placed at the lower end of the center shaft 9, and an SMA spring 11 is installed between the sliding body 8 and the clasp 10.

The SMA spring 11 is preferably a bidirectional coil spring, but may be unidirectional.

Further, if desired, a weak bias spring for pressing down the sliding body 8 may be installed on the opposite side of the SMA spring 11.

Alternatively, a tension-type weak bias spring may be installed to pull the tip 5' of the arm 5 or the connecting culm 7 downward.

However, as a general rule, no counter spring should be installed.

One or more suction or discharge type fan motors 12'i are installed behind the blades 2 within the casing 1.

The fan motor 12 includes an axial fan, a cross fan, and a fan.

Use any fan such as a turbo fan.

As shown in FIG. 5, the sheathed solar cell 13 can be installed by changing the slope of a part of the roof surface 18 and installing a transparent roof 714 inside the window frame 17 on that surface, or by sheathing the entire surface. It may be covered with a solar cell 13.

Of course, the entire inside of the window frame 17 may be made of transparent glass, and the solar cells may be installed at any other arbitrary position. In this case, an opaque conventional solar cell may be used.

Furthermore, if desired, an AC power source may be used instead of the solar cell.

Then, the sheath solar cell 13 and the fan motor 12 are directly connected, or the movable contact 15 is placed on the sliding body 8 etc., and the fixed contact 16 is placed at an appropriate position on the wall surface of the casing 1, so that the SMA spring 11 can be moved. It is connected via both limit switch-like contacts 15 and 16 that turn on and off in conjunction with the above. Alternatively, a temperature-sensitive reed switch or the like may be interposed between the fan motor 12 and the solar cell 13 to turn them on and off.

Further, a secondary battery may be incorporated into this circuit.

In order to install such a lighting/ventilation system, as shown in A of Fig. 5, the slope of a part of the roof surface 18 is changed, the sheathed solar cells 13 are installed on that surface, and the ventilation system is installed in the vertical gap. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 5B, the sheathed solar cell 13 can be placed in any desired location, and the ventilation system part can be completely separated and installed on the top of the gable wall, or as shown in Fig. 5. C of
As shown in Figure 5, the ventilation system part is placed above the window frame 17 on the south wall, and the sheath solar cell 13 is placed below it. A method such as extending a part of the surface 18, placing the see-through solar cell 13 in that part, and installing a ventilation device part in the gap between the surface 18' and the roof surface 18' on the north side is taken.

As described above, the configuration of the present invention is as follows: (1) One or more rotatable blades 2 are placed inside the casing 1 of any shape, the arm 5 is fixed, and the arm 5 is attached to the tip 5' of the arm 5. A sliding body 8 that is linked to the expansion and contraction of the SMA spring 11
and the beard surface 8' are placed so that they are in light contact with each other.

(2) The shaft 9 is placed slidably through the sliding body 8, and only the SMA spring 11 is placed at the lower end of the sliding body 8 as a driving source for opening and closing the blades 2.

(3) One or more fan motors 12 are installed behind the blades 2 in the casing 1.

(4) The sheathed solar cell 13 or the like is stretched over a part or the entire surface of the window frame 17, or is installed at an arbitrary location, and is used as a power source for the rotation of the fan motor 12.

With the above configuration, the expansion and contraction operation due to temperature changes of the SMA spring is used as the drive source for opening and closing the blades, and the input from the sheathed solar cell etc. is used as the power source for the rotation of the fan motor. This is a device that allows temperature control.

However, SMA has inherent hysteresis, and if it is restrained under high load for a long period of time, it has disadvantages such as its shape memory effect becoming blurred.

When used as a practical model, the user should try to make the temperature range of this hysteresis as small as possible, make the opening/closing operation of the blades as sharp as possible, and make the repeat life of the SMA as long as possible. We strongly urge you to do so.

To solve this problem, do not constrain the SMA spring of the device, and
It is desirable that the load applied to the MA spring be as light as possible, and that the load be always constant, or that the load value gradually decrease as the SMA spring is stretched.

Therefore, in the present invention, by appropriately shifting the attachment position of the rotating shaft 3 relative to the blade 2 to the rear, the gravity load when the blade 2 is in the vertical position and the rotational moment when the blade 2 is rotated are utilized. This is an attempt to provide an answer to this question.

Further, in order to sharply open and close the blade 2, the paraboloid of the mustache surface 8' protruding from the sliding body 8 is made as close to a right angle as possible.

Then, the beard surface 8' can easily pass upward while maintaining that angle while rotating the arm 5 feet.

Its embodiment and operation are as follows.

However, in order to simplify the explanation, the SMA spring 11 used here has a transformation temperature of 15°C, and with this 15°C as the boundary, if the temperature is higher than that, it will be in a greatly elongated state, and if the temperature is lower than 15°C, Assume that it is a bidirectional SMA coiled spring that immediately returns to its contracted state.

Assuming that the ambient temperature is now 10°C, as shown in Figure 3, the SMA spring 11 is in a contracted state, and the blades 2 are in a sagging state due to gravity, closing the ventilation port. It prevents cold air from outside from entering inside.

When the ambient temperature exceeds 15° C., the SMA spring 11 expands and pushes the slider 8 upward.

In this movement, the tip 5' of the arm 5 slides and rotates along the barbed surface 5' protruding from the slider 8, rotating the blade 2 fixed to the arm 5, causing the blade 2 to rotate. @4 Bring it to the open state as shown in Figure.

If the end portion of the protruding whisker surface 8' extends long, the sliding body 8 can freely rise upward when the load increases while maintaining the rotation angle of the blade 2. , Therefore, the SMA spring 11 can also be freely extended.

Further, when there are a plurality of blades 2 or more, all of them are opened in conjunction with each other by the connecting culm 7.

In this way, keeping the blades 2 open to the ventilation port ensures natural ventilation between the inside and outside through the gap between the fan motor 12.

Also, at this time, since the contacts 15 and 16 are connected, if there is sunlight, effective power is generated in the sheathed solar cell 13, which is supplied to the fan motor 12 and is connected between the inside and outside. Forced intake or exhaust is performed.

Natural lighting is naturally possible regardless of whether the blades 2 are opened or closed, since the sheath solar cell 13 is a semi-transparent body and is used in whole or in part.

If the surrounding temperature drops below 15°C, SMA
The spring 11 returns to its contracted state.

This is because the blade 2 is subjected to the rotational load of the front flap, and this load acts to return the arm 5' to its original position in the closed state, and the sliding body as the SMA spring 11 contracts. 8, it is restored to the closed state as shown in FIG. 3 along the movement of the whiskered surface 8'.

Since the contacts 15 and 16 are disconnected at low temperatures, the fan motor 12 does not rotate even if electric power is generated in the sea null solar cell 13.

If desired, the contacts 15 and 16 may be omitted and a temperature-sensitive reed switch or the like which operates at a temperature different from the transformation temperature of the SMA spring 11 may be used instead.
If you use one that turns on and off at °C, the blade 2 will be 15°.
A two-stage operation is also possible, in which the open state is secured at C and the fan motor 12 rotates at 30°C or higher to provide forced ventilation.

Furthermore, if a secondary battery is incorporated into this circuit, forced ventilation will be possible even at night or in the rain.

Moreover, the same operation can be ensured even if the A-C power source is opened instead of the solar battery.

As described above, the present invention is an extremely effective device that combines natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature control for attics and the like.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view of the invention. FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view in the closed state. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view in the open state. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a combined arrangement of a sheathed solar cell and a ventilator section. l...Casing, 2...
・Feather, 5...Archive, 8...
...Sliding body.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) One or more rotatable blades 2 are placed in a casing 1 of any shape, a arm 5 is fixed, and a sliding member is attached to the tip 5' of the arm 5 in conjunction with the expansion and contraction of the shape memory alloy spring 11. The moving object 8 and the mustache surface 8' are placed so that they are in light contact with each other. (2) The shaft 9 is placed slidably through the sliding body 8, and only the shape memory alloy spring 11 is placed at the lower end of the sliding body 8 in principle to serve as a driving source for opening and closing the blades 2. (3) One or more fan motors 12 are installed behind the blades 2 in the casing 1. (4) The sheathed solar cell 13 or the like is placed on a part or the entire surface of the window frame 17 or installed at an arbitrary location to serve as a power source for the rotation of the fan motor 12. With the above configuration, the expansion and contraction operation caused by temperature changes of the shape memory alloy spring is used as the drive source for opening and closing the blades, and the input from the sheathed solar cell etc. is used as the power source for the rotation of the fan motor. Devices that enable functions such as ventilation and temperature control