JPS6324832A - Fish breeding method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fish farming method and device, and more particularly to a fish farming method and device that can raise healthy young fish using far infrared rays and control their growth speed. It is.

[Prior art]

As is well known, the rapid spread of raising young fish in order to secure fishery resources has led to new problems such as difficulty in securing water at an appropriate temperature. For example, in the case of salmon and trout, the above-mentioned breeding and raising operations are being actively carried out in regions with rivers where salmon and trout are expected to return, and the temperature is said to be the most suitable for raising them. Securing water of suitable quality at a water temperature of 8°C is becoming more difficult as the implementation area expands. That is, although the temperature of spring water is approximately 8° C., there is a limit to how much such spring water can be obtained, and other water sources, such as river water and underground water, are currently used.

By the way, salmon and trout spawn in the fall and are released the following year, so water needs to be taken in during the cold season. The average water temperature is as low as around 4 degrees Celsius, making it difficult to raise young fish in winter or in cold regions.

Originally, the stage of growth of salmon and trout from the time they are collected until they emerge is expressed by the settlement temperature, which is the number of rearing days from insemination multiplied by the average water temperature ('C) during that time. It is said that To give an example of this for salmon and trout, the temperature is approximately 960 to 1100°C from insemination to 450°C to 710°C, after which they are fed and raised in breeding ponds until they can be released.

Therefore, if salmon and trout are reared at a water temperature of 8°C throughout the entire period from egg collection to hatching, and at a lower water temperature, for example 4°C, the former will be reared approximately 12
5 days (1000÷8), whereas the latter takes a much longer time of 250 days. Moreover, according to research results, growth is worse at water temperatures other than the optimum temperature than at optimum temperatures, and the regression rate of released fry is approximately 3% when raised at an appropriate temperature, but 1.5% at low temperatures. This is a much lower result.

Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the water temperature at an appropriate temperature, but as fry must be reared in running water, a huge amount of heat is required to warm them, so it is economical to maintain the temperature at an appropriate temperature when raising them artificially. It is understood that this is a serious problem.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention was made in order to improve the above problems, and it is possible to raise healthy fry by effectively maintaining the body temperature of the fry at an appropriate temperature with less energy, and also to control the speed of their growth. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for doing so.

[Structure of the invention]

The fish farming method of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized by irradiating a fish pond in which young fish are raised with far infrared rays.

The term "juvenile fish" used in the present invention refers to fish in all stages of growth from barreling to adulthood, that is, it is used in its commonly used meaning. Therefore, when using without special notice,
It is used to include young fish from barreling to old age, and technically termed fry from when they are ready to feed until they become adults or are released.

In addition, in the present invention, a fish pond is defined as a fish pond that is
Or, it is used for rearing fish until they become adults, including fish ponds as a technical term used for young fish, and rearing ponds used for subsequent rearing, unless specifically referring to either. are used collectively.

Far infrared rays are generally considered to have a wavelength of 1 to 1000μ, and the far infrared rays used in the present invention also refer to those in this wavelength range, but this does not exclude other heat rays and visible rays. However, when emitting far infrared rays, other heat rays, visible light, etc. may be emitted at the same time. However, as is well known, visible light should not be emitted to young fish from barreling to hatching.

That is, the present invention directly acts on the fish body located at a distance regardless of the state between the far-infrared radiator and the fish, imparts excellent biological effects to the young fish, and stimulates the young fish while producing developmental effects. By heating it, it has the effect of allowing favorable growth to occur even in low temperature water.

Therefore, there is no particular limitation on the type of fish to which the present invention can be applied. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned salmon and trout, it can be used for artificially rearing juveniles of various kinds of seafood such as flounder, yellowtail, sea bream, eel, scallop, abalone, and sea urchin.

Far-infrared radiator (hereinafter referred to as "far-infrared heater") used in this invention
) is not particularly limited. However, as a suitable far-infrared heater, a layer of carbon particles dispersed in a synthetic resin binder is coated on a gypsum board, a heating layer is formed with electrode wires arranged at both ends, and the other side of the gypsum board is coated with a layer of carbon particles dispersed in a synthetic resin binder. A far-infrared heater (trade name: Plaheat Misato), which has a radiation layer preferably made of ceramic particles dispersed in a synthetic resin binder or coated with black paint, and the back side of the heating layer covered with a heat insulating material; In addition, a heater made of a metal plate instead of the above-mentioned gypsum board can be suitably used because it does not emit visible light. The temperature of the radiation layer of the far-infrared heater is, for example, about 10
It is usually used by keeping it at 0°C or lower, about 20 to 80°C.

Other far-infrared heaters include ceramic molded bodies made by blending and sintering several types of industrially used metal oxides such as zirconium oxide, or these gold! A far-infrared lamp can be used in which a radiator is thermally sprayed onto the surface of stainless steel or the like processed into a tubular or plate shape, and heated to about 600"C using a nichrome wire or the like. In the wavelength spectrum of the far infrared rays emitted by the heater, the radiant energy suddenly increases from a wavelength of about 5μ, and has a high radiant energy distribution over the wavelength region exceeding 50μ.

The intensity of far infrared rays when carrying out the present invention is not particularly limited and varies depending on the conditions of use, and is appropriately determined experimentally when carrying out the invention.

However, it is extremely difficult to raise dried fish from four-year-old to early-stage, and special consideration must be given to the selection and installation of far-infrared radiators. That is, the fish farming apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a far-infrared radiator that does not contain visible light is disposed above a fish pond in which young fish are raised.

Furthermore, when the far infrared rays that do not include visible light used in the present invention are installed so as to uniformly irradiate the entire surface of the fish pond, it is especially effective for raising young fish (dried fish) up to the top. can.

In carrying out the present invention, various rearing conditions necessary for rearing young fish can be applied as they are. for example,
Taking the case of raising salmon and trout as an example, the dry fish rearing pond from Goka to Fukage should preferably have a horizontal bottom with gravel of about 30 to 40 mm in diameter, and the water depth should be about 5 to 10 cm. A rectangular water tank is used to supply water evenly and appropriately.

Perform water and drainage. Note that instead of the gravel, it is possible to use plastic pipes cut into rings and cut into appropriate lengths, and suitably modified shapes such as rounded strips. Then, keep it in a dark place away from direct sunlight, and be careful not to give it excessive vibration. For example,
Care should be taken to avoid overcrowding by maintaining a moderate storage capacity of 15,000 fish per M or less.

・Also, when rearing fry after reaching the top, the water depth should be approximately 40 cm or more to prevent the fry from slipping, and the water change rate should be 1 or more.
Also, make sure that water is changed evenly throughout the pond, and keep the water at a depth of 4.
Appropriate feeding conditions are set such that the housing density at 0 cm is, for example, 10 kg/m and 11 min/min/kg of young fish.

The present invention is carried out at a water temperature below the appropriate temperature required for rearing the target fry, for example, 8°C or lower in the case of salmon and trout, and the growth state of the fry and the water temperature are monitored. In particular, rapid changes in irradiation conditions must be avoided.

[Example] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to an example applied to young salmon (dried fish) from hatching to hatching in comparison with the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the rearing conditions of this example. In the figure, the fish pond I is a tank with a width of about 0.5 m and a length of about 2 m, with a bottom covered with gravel 2 with a diameter of about 3.5 cm and a water depth of about 5 cm. is a hard vinyl chloride pipe 3 with a diameter of approximately 2 l
A water supply weir 4 and a drainage weir 5 which are opened below the water surface are arranged at intervals of Q cm.

The far-infrared heater 2 is suspended by a hanging line 2a above the rearing pond 1 and close to the water surface, and the height from the water surface is freely adjustable and removable to uniformly illuminate the water surface. The structure is such that the top surface of the fish pond 1 can be opened as necessary. Note that the above-mentioned height of the joint was within a range of 10 to 50 cm from the water surface.

The far-infrared heater 2 (Plaheat) includes a heat generating layer 7 in which carbon particles are dispersed in a synthetic resin binder on the surface of a flexible board 6, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
A far-infrared radiation layer 9 in which ceramic particles are dispersed in the synthetic resin binder is formed on the surface of a metal electrode wire 8 arranged near both ends of the long sides, and the temperature of the heating layer 7 is raised to about 50°C. The temperature of the C1 emissive layer 9 was maintained at approximately 40°C. This far-infrared heater 2 does not contain any visible light,
Moreover, it is a heating element that contains a high proportion of far-infrared rays.

Underground water is supplied to the above-mentioned fish pond 1 under normal management conditions, and 10 young salmon (dried fish) at a cumulative temperature of 480°C are added to it.
It held approximately 10,000 fish. The rearing conditions were maintained to meet those normally required for salmon rearing and management, and the salmon were reared until they hatched. The average temperature of the underground water during this period was 4.8°C.

During the breeding management, the height of the far-infrared heater 2 from the water surface was adjusted according to the growth condition of the fry and the water temperature, and it took 110 days for the fry in the control fish pond that was not irradiated with far-infrared rays to emerge. In this example, the required time could be shortened to 80 days, and moreover, the fry could be grown into healthy fry.

The growth status during this period was determined by observing the growth status of the fry. During this growing period, no change in the water temperature of the fish pond 1 could be observed due to the irradiation of the far-infrared heater 2. Therefore, in this example, compared to the conventional method of heating the water itself when the water temperature is low, the energy consumption was much lower, and moreover, it was possible to raise energetic young fish.

FIG. 3 shows an outline of a far-infrared heater 2 used industrially. A ceramic tube 11 serving as a far-infrared radiator is heated by a spiral nichrome wire 12 inserted into the tube 11, and emits far-infrared rays. The ceramic tube 11 is an insulator 1
3, and a metal terminal 14 for the nichrome wire 12 is attached to the tip thereof.

This terminal 14 is connected to the nichrome wire 1
2, and at the same time support metal fitting 1 that supports this nichrome wire 12.
A lead wire (not shown) is inserted through a lead wire hole 16 provided in the terminal 14 and a screw 17 is provided.
connected by. This far-infrared heater 2 has a high radiation efficiency of far-infrared rays, and is used when breeding fat-weed fry.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention has a structure in which the rearing of various carpenter fish fry is carried out under far infrared rays, which have a physiological effect favorable to the living body, so that rearing at an appropriate temperature is possible using water at a temperature lower than the required rearing water temperature. It is possible to achieve the same growth as that of fish and raise healthy fry, and the energy required for this can be greatly reduced, so it is possible to improve the results of raising fry even in areas with poor water temperature conditions. Furthermore, it is possible to economically adjust the rearing conditions according to the release conditions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the embodiment, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the far-infrared radiator used in the embodiment of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway diagram of another far-infrared radiator. FIG. 1... Fish pond, 2... Far-infrared heater (far-infrared radiator), 10... Young fish. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Preface to the procedural amendment 1, Indication of the case 1986 Patent Application No. 166575 2, Name of the invention Fish farming method and device 3, Person making the amendment Relationship with the case Patent applicant Address (Residence) Name: Misato Co., Ltd. 4, Agent Address: Pelican Building, Ogawa, Noguchi, and Saishita Jiho Office, 3-3-3 Nishi M-bashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105 ( Episode 11 4
31-5361) txt On page 4, lines 15 and 20 of the specification, "dried fish" (2 places) is corrected to "larval fish." (2) On page 5, line 10 of the specification, "dried fish" is amended to "larval fish." (3) On page 6, line 4 of the specification, "this invention" is amended to "the present invention." (4) On page 7, line 15 of the specification, "dried fish" is amended to "larval fish." (5) Page 8, lines 4 and 9 of the specification, “dried fish” (2
) is corrected to "larval fish". (6) On page 9, line 15 of the specification, "dried fish" is amended to "larval fish." (7) Page 10, line 6 of the specification, ``Heater 2 is connected to hanging string 2aJ''
Correct to. (8) On page 10, line 12 of the specification, "Heater 2" is corrected to "Heater H." (9) On page 11, line 2 of the specification, next to "It is a heating element.""9' in the figure is an uneven layer made of ceramic particles to increase the amount of far-infrared radiation." join. In α's specification, page 11, line 5, "dried fish" is amended to "larval fish." (11) On page 11, line 19 of the specification, "Heater 2" is corrected to "Heater H." (12) On page 12, line 4 of the specification, "Heater 2" is corrected to "Heater H." (13) On page 13, line 16 of the specification, "2..." is amended to "H...". (14) Figures 1, 2, and 3 will be corrected as shown in the attached sheet. Figure 19' Figure 3

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A fish farming method characterized by irradiating a fish pond in which young fish are raised with far infrared rays. (2) A fish farming device characterized in that a far-infrared radiator that does not include visible light is disposed above a fish pond in which young fish are raised.