JPS6323654A - Laser shield material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field and Background of the Invention This invention relates to laser-shielding materials that have particular utility in surgical applications.

High power lasers are widely used today in medical treatments and surgical techniques to remove and/or repair tissue. There is a need for laser resistant surgical drapes to protect patients and prevent burning of tissue and other objects at the surgical site. Solid metal shields, which are often used to absorb or reflect laser radiation, are not flexible because they are not flexible and will reflect excessive amounts of laser radiation (IW Internal Hazard Surgical Drapes). Wet towels are sometimes used in surgical applications for laser protection, but they only provide about 0.5 seconds of protection or less (per layer) and cannot be applied as protection from CO2 lasers. Additionally, the use of wet materials requires workroom personnel to moisten the materials and monitor them throughout the work process to ensure they do not dry out.

Spungard Surgical Pack
Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Rosewell, Ki
amberly-C1ark Corporation,
Surgical Pax Ann H17 Rapes (PA) available on the market from Roswell, Georgia, )
cks and drapes) are made entirely of polypropylene fibers and do not burn when exposed to a defocused laser beam. However, these covers do not prevent the fabric from being penetrated by the laser beam and the potential burning of the patient's tissue underneath the fabric.

Lasersafe, Inc., Pitts Park, Pennsylvania
Urgh.

Penn Sylvan, ia) has developed a series of aluminum ram shields for eyes and devices. These shields were constructed of cotton on the inside and aluminum on the outside. These products reflect the laser beam strongly, creating the potential for impact on patients or workroom personnel. Additionally, the lint material used is a lint material that can cause both granulomas and bacterial transport, making it unsuitable for surgical applications.

Aluminum tape has been recognized as a good protector for the endotracheal tube during otoraryngeal surgery.

However, there is a concern that the reflection of radiation from the metal may cause an irritating shock to the patient or other personnel in the workroom.

US Pat. No. 4,558,093 fully discloses laser shielding materials for use in surgical applications. The shielding material consists of densely packed globules encapsulated in a silicone matrix. The globules can be blisters and/or gas globules and they can be filled with gas. Shielding material is 00g
It is said to be useful for stopping laser radiation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A laser shielding material useful in intraoperative surgical settings includes at least one opaque flexible nonwoven knitted or woven sheet juxtaposed with at least one metal layer. Has a major surface. The woven sheet is relatively lint-free and contains 40 pieces per second.
s) or less. Additionally, if the textile sheet is made from nonwoven fibers, preferably at least 10% of the fibers have a length greater than about 0-6 cm. The metal layer is thick enough to withstand a puncture (punct, ur, e) of at least about 0.2 seconds by a CO laser beam using a power of 5 watts and having a focal point of 2.0 mm diameter. Preferably the metal layer is 2
It is thick enough to withstand destruction by a CO2 laser beam using 0 watts of power and having a 0.4 mm diameter focus for at least 1 second. Additionally, the metal layer and the fabric sheet are thin enough to provide the shield with a stiffness of less than about 60,000 kg/m.

The laser shielding material of the present invention can withstand the power and beam width of most lasers commonly used in laser surgery, including C02, argon, and neodymium yttrium aluminum net (YAC) lasers, typically for periods of 2 seconds or more. .

Laser shielding materials have particular applicability as laser resistant surgical cloths. In such applications, the woven sheet side of the cloth faces the laser. The laser then impacts the fabric, passing through the top textile sheet and exposing the underlying metal layer. Thus, the cloth of the present invention provides intermediate detection of any anomalous laser shocks. Compared to metal shielding alone, laser resistant cloth has better drepability, - strength of the layer,
Has greater tear strength, greater l-wrinkle resistance,
The result is no reflective shine and provides intermediate detection of anomalous laser impacts. Compared to conventional cloth surgical hooks, the laser resistant hook of the present invention is resistant to laser transmission and has low flammability.

Referring to FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, laser shielding material 10, in its simplest form, includes a sheet 12 of fabric with a metal layer 14 aligned with its major surface. The bonding of the metal layer 14 to the textile sheet 12 is achieved by adhesive layer 1
By 6 -! f, or other suitable means such as thermal bonding or mechanical fixing means.

For surgical applications where the surgical cover is a cloth or gown, the fabric sheet 12 may be woven or knitted with flexibility.
Or a non-woven opaque fabric, the surgical cover can be made from any 17° material suitable for use in cloth or woven fabric. Textile materials for such surgical applications should be relatively lint-free. Lint-free properties are a plus since lint can carry bacteria and cause granulomas. Lint-free properties include Dexter Corporation, Windsor Rocks, and ConnectiCut (Dexter Corporation).
n, Windsor Locks, Connecti
cut). The test was conducted using Scotch Tape (5cotch” Tape).
3M Co., St. Ball, Minnesota.

A pressure-sensitive adhesive consisting of isooctyl acrylate acrylic acid copolymer commercially available from Paul, H41nnesota) is placed on the fabric sheet; the tape is pulled off the fabric; and the number of fibers is counted under a microscope. Preferably, the number of fibers should be 40/clrL2 or less, and more preferably 10/cIL2 or less for the fabric to be considered lint-free.

More specifically, the lint test is performed as follows. Two pieces of 10-16 ca x 15.24 cWL (4 inch by 6 inch) polyethylene film are cut and deposited from the side of the fabric to be tested. Five holes (2 diameter) are diced into the film. A piece of Scotch Cheebner 68, 5.08 c/FL (2 inches) long, is placed at a 45 degree angle in the machine direction of the fabric to be tested. The tape is applied to the fabric using a 363.2 g (0.8 bond) roller, 8 times, 2.54 cWL (1 inch), 7 seconds, without applying any further pressure. "Scotch [F] Kechina 68) J No. 1 with a length of 15.24 boxes (6 inches)
Place the pieces over the holes on each piece of polyethylene film.

This operation is performed on a clean, lint-free surface.

Remove the tape from the fabric sheet by hand at a 15 degree angle.

This tape is placed on a piece of film, and the film without the holes and containing indentations is compared under a microscope at 20x magnification. This is done on top of a flat, black, lint-free surface. Count the number of lint-containing tape samples in a circle, using the criterion that the particles as lint must have a length to width ratio of at least 10:1. Set that number to 0.
Divide by 79 to arrive at the number of lint per cIrL2.

Preferred nonwoven sheets are of thermoplastic polymeric materials including wood pulp; melt-blown polymeric fibers such as melt-blown polypropylene fibers; and synthetic polymeric fibers such as polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyamide and nylon fibers. Fibers: non-woven cellulosic fibers such as rayon; and fibers made from a combination of these materials. The term "thermoplastic" is used herein to refer to materials that are solid at room temperature (22-30°C) but soften when heated to temperatures above room temperature. Thermoplastic materials can be extruded at temperatures in excess of 50°G.

Preferred thermoplastic materials soften or melt at temperatures above about 50° C. and below about 1000° C. so that the material does not melt during transportation, but is typically melted by a side-burning surgical laser. More preferably the thermoplastic material has a temperature of 60°C and 500°C.
Softens or melts at temperatures between ℃. For surgical hooks where patient comfort is a factor, preferably at least 10% non-woven fibers are approximately 0.6 cm thick.
(0,25 inches) longer.

A preferred nonwoven sheet has a Kfi of 2N of nonwoven rayon.
A layer of sandwiched polyethylene film (“5teri-Dr
available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. as ape@ Blue Fabric J); melt-blown polypropylene fabric; and a combination of wood pulp and polyester fibers (as "ASSure [F]
, ■, or ■Nonwoven Fabric J (available from Dexter Co., Ltd., Windsor Locks, Connect Cut).

Preferred woven or knitted fabric sheets include muslin, cotton and silk.

A particularly preferred nonwoven sheet is spun-gun method (sp
made from un-bonding or spun-lacing thermoplastic polymer fibers. Particularly preferred sheets include spun-bond thermoplastic polymer fibers in which 100% of the fibers are melt-blown polypropylene fibers; and spun-lacing thermoplastic polymer fibers in which 100% of the fibers are polyester (Nexus 100% Polyester). Burlington Form Fabrics, Greens, North Carolina (Burlington
Formed Fabrics, Greensbo
available from Cerex@8pun): spun-pond thermoplastic polymer fibers, 100% of which are nylon fibers (Cerex@8pun)
bonded NYLONJ Toshite James River Coop, Simson Gi/l/ (James Rlve
spun bond, which is a 100% fiber ester,
E as Poly-ester J, 1. dupont r
DuPont de Nemours Company, Wilmington, Plowea
d Co., Wilmington.

Delavrare). Although the particularly preferred textile sheet consists essentially of 100% by weight thermoplastic polymer fibers, small amounts of non-thermoplastic dyes and/or pigments may be present without destroying the particularly pleasant properties of the textile. can.

Textile sheets made from thermoplastic polymer fibers are particularly preferred because they tend to reduce flame formation when bombarded by laser beams typically used in surgery. As illustrated by Examples 32-34, fabrics made from thermoplastic fibers have a 10-40
It resists flaming combustion when exposed to a 0.5 second shock of a CO8 laser beam using a power output of 0.6 to 5.8 watts and a beam width of 0.6 to 5.8 watts. Flammable combustion of the cloth is clearly dangerous to the patient, especially when sufficient oxygen and fuel (ie, the cloth itself) is present.

The thickness of the fabric sheet 12 is determined by the intended use of the laser shielding material. Preferably, the fabric sheet 12 has a thickness of about 0.5 mm for surgical drapes or gowns to ensure good drapeability. The thickness is from (10) to 3, []+z and more preferably from 0.1 to 0.5 open.

Metal layer 14 is preferably comprised of a metal or alloy that is ductile, highly reflective to a wide range of wavelengths of incident radiation, non-toxic, and has a high melting point. The preferred metal layer is less than about 60,000 kg, preferably L.
It has a stiffness value of less than about 7,500 kli'·m and the most preferred trench has a stiffness value of less than about 0.1 kg·m. Also, preferred metal layers account for at least 50% of the incident laser radiation, and more preferably at least 95% of the incident laser radiation.
reflect.

Additionally, preferred metals have melting temperatures of at least about 100°C.

Preferred metal layers 14 include aluminum, cerium, cobalt, copper, gold, indium, iron, lead, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, palladium, platinum, zolatheodymium, rhenium, rhodium, samarium, silver, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. metal foils, zinc, and their alloys, such as rust-free steel. More preferred metal foils include aluminum, copper, gold, indium,
Nickel, Niomium, Palladium, Platinum, Rhenium,
Contains silver, titanium, rust-free steel and their alloys. Particularly preferred metal foils include aluminum, nickel, gold, silver and rustproof steel.

For surgical hooks to be cloth or gown applications, the thickness of the metal layer 14 should be sufficient to resist disruption by the laser beam for a reasonable period of time.

For example, the metal layer should be able to withstand destruction for at least 0.2 seconds by a carbon dioxide laser beam with a 2.0 diameter focus and a power of 5 watts.

Preferably, the metal layer can withstand destruction by a carbon dioxide laser beam with a focus of 0.4 diameter and a power of 20 watts for at least 1 second, and more preferably for at least 5 seconds. However, the metal layer should be thin enough to provide flexibility to the fabric. The metal layer has a stiffness of less than about 60,000 kg, preferably less than about 7,500 kg, and most preferably less than about 0.1 kg. It should be thin.

Preferably, metal layer 14 is approximately 2.5 x 10-" y
It has a thickness between nw and 2.0 silk. More preferably the thickness of the metal layer is about 3.5 mm. Between OX 10-3mm and LOy+i, and most preferably about 6. It is between OX 10-3In and 0.15 In.

The adhesion of the metal layer 14 to the textile sheet 12 is achieved by the adhesive layer 1
6 or by other suitable means including mechanical fastening means such as sewing. Adhesive layer 16
Suitable adhesives for use as adhesives include rubber adhesives; natural or synthetic rubbers, preurethane, acrylics, polyesters, polyamides, polyethers, and latex adhesives such as epoxies: ethylene vinyl acetate, polyesters, and polyamides. hot-melt adhesives such as rubbers, polyurethanes, acrylics, polyesters, polyamides, solvent supported adhesives such as polyethers and epoxies; starch derivatives such as dextrins and natural rimers: casein-based adhesives and animal Protein derivatives such as glue; and silicone adhesives.

Preferred adhesives include 3M 5upper 775pr
Styrene-butadiene rubber adhesive available from 6M Company, St. Louis, Minnesota as ay AdhesiveJ; and [Medical Transf.
er Adhesives 1524J from 3M Company. Preferably, adhesive layer 16 is no thicker than about 2 mm to maintain drapeability for surgical applications.

Alternatively, if the textile sheet is made from non-woven polymeric fibers, the textile sheet can be heat laminated to the metal layer, eliminating the need for a separate adhesive layer 16.

For surgical applications, the laser shielding material illustrated in Figure 1 has metal layer 14 closest to the patient and textile sheet 1.
2 is positioned to face the laser. In this way the reflective brilliance is reduced.

Besides, the different impacts of the laser can be easily detected,
This is because the laser immediately passes through the top fabric sheet 12 to reveal the underlying metal foil.

A preferred embodiment of the invention for surgical use is illustrated in FIG. 2 and includes a second fabric sheet 20 laminated to the underside of metal layer 14 by a second adhesive layer 18. In use, the second fabric sheet 20 is placed in contact with the patient's skin, resulting in a drape that is more comfortable than a drape with the metal layer 14 in contact with the patient.

In particular, the second textile sheet 20 is made, at least on its outer surface, of non-thermoplastic fibers such as wood pulp and rayon or other non-thermoplastic materials such as woven or knitted emulsions, cotton or silk. preferable. Such non-thermoplastic materials do not melt when the surgical gown is impacted by the laser beam and act as a thermal barrier to protect the patient's tissue from the heat generated by the laser impact. A particularly preferred fabric sheet 20 is 3M
'5teri-Drape @ Blus Fabr
ic J.

As shown in FIG. 2, metal layer 14 and textile sheets 12 and 20 are bonded together over their entire juxtaposed surfaces by adhesive layers 16 and 18, respectively. However, an alternative preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is to place and adhere metal layer 14 to fabric sheets 12 and 20 by adhesive layers 22 and 24, respectively, along only the perimeter of the structure. .

Another preferred embodiment of the invention for use as a surgical drape is illustrated in FIG. 6 and includes metal layer 14 and a second
Polymer film layer 1 disposed between woven sheets 20
Contains 7. It has been found that such an intermediate layer of polymeric film 17 is useful in protecting the thin metal layer 14 from damage during handling. Suitable polymer films include:
Includes polymastel, polypropylene and pre-liethylene. Preferred polymer film layers 17 are 0.006 and 3
．． 15. It has a thickness between s+m. Thicker films will cause hanging to impair the flexibility of the fabric.

A metal foil/polymer film laminate can be used to provide metal ra 14 and film layer 17fc, respectively. A particularly preferred metal foil/film laminate is 0-(10
) 0, (10) 8 mm thick aluminum foil with a 3 mg thick polypropylene or polyester film extruded thereon, both of Lamart, Cope,
Clifton, New Chassis = (La-mart, C
orp, Cl1fton, New Jersey
) available from

The structure of the present invention may include a pressure sensitive adhesive on the patient side portion to help position the cloth on the patient and keep it out of the way of the surgeon. Referring to FIG. 2, the pressure sensitive adhesive can be applied to the second textile sheet 20 or directly to the metal layer 14 in place of the second textile sheet 20. Preferred pressure sensitive adhesives include silicone-based adhesives and acrylate-based adhesives. A particularly preferred pressure sensitive adhesive is Medical Transfer Adhesive.
Inoctyl acrylate acrylic acid copolymer available from 3M Company as 461524 J.

The laser resistant surgical hooks of the present invention may also include other conventional bells and whistles required for specialized hook designs, such as instrument pouches, fluid control pouches, and openings.

For surgical applications, the laser shield is cut to the desired shape, adhesive is applied to the patient side as required, and the cloth is disinfected after packaging. Laser-resistant hangers are fabrics that are placed safely (wet or dry) in the area where laser energy is applied to protect the patient from unintended laser radiation that may be caused by accidental movement of the laser source or the patient. ) can be used.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the unexpected ability of the laser shielding material of the present invention to detect anomalous laser strikes. FIG. 4 illustrates a conventional surgical hanger comprising a sheet of non-woven material 32. The six arrows indicate a beam of laser radiation impacting the fabric sheet 32 and creating a hole 33 therethrough. Hole 35 shows a similarly produced hole in cross section. Fifth
The figure shows fabric sheets 12 and 20 laminated to a metal layer 14.
The laser resistant hanging cloth of the present invention has a . The arrows in this figure indicate laser radiation (of the same intensity as shown in FIG. 4) that impacts the fabric and creates holes 13 (shown slightly enlarged) through the fabric sheet 12. represents the beam of The holes 13 represent the metal layer 14, since the metal layer 14 is not penetrated by the laser beam. Hole 15
(shown slightly enlarged) is a similarly created hole shown in cross section. Although the conventional hook of FIG. 4 creates a hole of approximately the same area as the incident laser beam that completely penetrates the material, the same laser beam only penetrates the top fabric sheet 12 of the laser blocking layer of the present invention. A hole will be created with an area at least twice that of the hole created by the incident laser beam, revealing the underlying shiny metal layer 14. Preferably, the holes created through the fabric sheet 12 will be about 2 to 10 times larger than the incident laser beam. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find where an abnormal laser beam may impact the cloth and injure the patient underneath, whereas the surgical rack of the present invention may impact the cloth and injure the patient underneath. Protects against anomalous laser shocks and provides a large glowing sign indicating anomalous laser shocks. When the surgeon observes the glowing mark, he or she can adjust the laser beam to prevent further exposure to the abnormal laser beam and impact the fabric and/or the patient.

For example, CO2 with a power output of 20 watts and used at an angle of incidence of 90 degrees for pulses from 0.5 to 3.0 seconds.
The laser beam of 0.4 diameter from the laser is "5t"
eri-Drape@BlueFabric J and 1'-As5ure■INon, woven Fab
Conventional hangers such as ric J create pores in the dishcloth from approximately 0.2 to 0.31112. The same beam will not penetrate the fabric, but the laser resistance of the present invention will penetrate approximately 0-3
-0.6 produces easily visible silver spots with an area of 2 dragons.

The laser shielding materials of the present invention can withstand destruction by all commonly used CO2 aldene and neodymium YAG lasers for at least 2 seconds, and generally for more than 5 seconds. Additionally, laser shielding materials are less flammable than the cloth surgical hooks commonly used. For example, “5tsri-D
rape's Blue Fabric J surgical hook is made of cloth and "ASSure I Nonwoven Fabric"
icJ is the National Fire Protection Association Standard Test Method.
al FjreProtection As5ocia
tion 5 standard, Te5t Method
d) Burns in approximately 15 seconds or less when tested using (NFPA STM) 702-198 [1. The laser resistant surgical hooks of the present invention are fabric resistant to burning for at least about 20 seconds when tested according to the same procedure, and many hooks do not burn at all, especially those having fabric sheets 12 made from thermoplastic fibers. .

For surgical applications, the hook having a textile sheet and a metal layer laminate together over their entire juxtaposed surfaces, illustrated in FIG. The choice of whether to use cloth for the hangings, which are glued together only at their peripheries and illustrated in Figure 3, will depend on the surgeon's determination of which properties of the hanging cloth are important. . As illustrated in Example 20,
Resistance to laser penetration is generally greater than for cloth as illustrated in FIG. However, Example 21
As shown in the example, the cloth illustrated in FIG. 2 generally reflects less of the incident laser beam than the cloth illustrated in FIG. Vertically, the hanging cloth illustrated in FIG. 2 will give less reflective shine. Additionally, the cloth illustrated in FIG. 2 is generally less flammable than the cloth illustrated in FIG.

The following examples illustrate the structure, laser resistance, laser detection properties, reflectivity, and flammability of the laser shielding materials of the present invention.

Example 1 “As5ure” I Nonwoven Fabric
Made from wood pulp and polyester, available from Dexter Corporation, Connect Cut to Winz-Lock as c J and approximately 0.16 m.
30.5αX3O-5crn square non-woven surgical cover with thickness of 3M 5uper 775pr
A styrene-butadiene rubber adhesive, available as ay Adhesive J from 3M Company, St. Ball, Minn., was sprayed. After waiting about 15 seconds, 3o
A 0.0 layer, 5 cm thick aluminum foil measuring 5 cm x 30.5 cm square was placed on the adhesive surface of the cloth material and glued together. Second 30.5mX 30.5Cr
IL Square's "As5ure @ I Nonwoven
Fabrik J “3M 5uper775pr
ay Adhesive J was sprayed and laminated to the exposed aluminum foil side of the composite. The resulting laser-resistant hanging fabric is "As5ure[F]■No.
It consists of aluminum foil laminated by adhesive between two layers of nwoven Fabric J.

Example 2 [Med, 1ca1. Transfer Adhesions
It can be purchased from 3M as ive/I61524J [3M 5uper 775playAdhesiv
e J, using isooctyl acrylate acrylic acid copolymer to create “As5ure■INoIIWOven
A laser resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 1 except that two layers of Fabric J were laminated to aluminum foil.

Example 3 Laser resistant coatings were made according to Example 2 except that the adhesive bonding the layers of textile material and aluminum foil together was applied in strips with a width of about 10-0*i along only the perimeter of the composite. composed of cloth.

Example 4 As a woven sheet [A, 5sure@I Nonwo
Instead of using 5teri-D
Laser resistant fabric was fabricated according to Example 1 except that a layer of polyethylene having a thickness of 0.18 mm was used sandwiched between two layers of non-woven rayon available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. as Blue Fabric J. made up the cloth.

Example 5 This example illustrates the laser resistance of the fabrics of Examples 1-4 and the ability of the fabrics to detect where the laser strikes.

Laser-resistant hanging fabrics made according to Examples 1-4 are made of [As5ureNonwoven Fabric]
J, [5teri-Drape Blue Fabric
c J and 0-(10) compared with a sample of 5 mm thick aluminum foil. The required number of seconds for the laser to penetrate the sample and the appearance of the sample on the side facing the laser are reported in Table 1 below. Seam 12-1-me has a diameter of 0.4
y+x and produced by CO2 with a power output of 20 watts. The laser impacted the sample at a 90° angle. Laser exposure time was 5 seconds. The diameter of the pores in the fabric sheet was measured by human eye using a microscope.

No fabric of the present invention was penetrated by the laser. A hole was created in the fabric sheet and the aluminum foil underlying the fabric was exposed.

“As5ure■I Nonwoven Fabric
J and [5teri-Drape 'B' Blue
The holes in the 0 and 4 dragons through s Fabric J were extremely difficult to see without a bright light behind the material. Example 1
The -4 hook was very easily visible because the hole through which the woven sheet of cloth passed was more than twice the size of the hole through which only the woven material passed, and exposed the underlying aluminum foil. Thus, this example illustrates that the laser resistant surgical girdle of the present invention provides protection from knife penetration and easy detection of anomalous laser strikes.

Example 6 R 5teri-Drap on both sides of aluminum foil
e [F] Blue Fabric J f, instead of pasting it, pasted it on only one side of the aluminum foil, and 1"' Medical Transfer
Ad, hesive s 1524. A laser-resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 4, except that a pressure sensitive adhesive containing an octyl acrylate acrylic acid copolymer, available from 6M Company, was applied to the other side of the aluminum foil.

Example 7 [8teri-Drape] was applied on both sides of aluminum foil.
■Instead of pasting together Blue Fabric J,
Paste it on only one side of the aluminum foil, and r3M
0-28) 11 using Super 775play Adhesive J! Thickness Tracing A laser resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 4, except that a propylene microfiber layer was applied to the other side.

Example 8 “As5ure” I Nonwoven Fabric
. A laser-resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 1, except that instead of using a 100% aluminum foil, the aluminum foil was sandwiched between layers of 0.28 mm thick polypropylene microfiber.

Example 9 Surgical hooks made according to Examples 4 and 6-8 were placed on a metal table top and bombarded with a hand-held CO2 laser at a 90° angle using 20 watts and a point diameter of 0.2 m. The length of the laser pulse was varied from 0.5 to 5.0 seconds. Kake recorded the effects on both sides of the fabric (one toward the laser and one away from it) and reported it in Table 1 below.

None of the composites broke down in less than 2 seconds, with most breaking down after 5 seconds. The laser was used to create holes in the fabric layer of the cloth to expose the aluminum foil underneath. The diameter of the pores made in the fabric sheet was measured using a microscope 1 - by the human eye.

2.0 3 vtt diameter hole, fully exposed 5,[] 33m diameter hole, fully exposed Aluminum foil 1B diameter hole with exposed foil Aluminum foil Example 10 holes with 1N diameter calculated foil The laser-resistant hanger according to the invention is made of 03M [Medical TransfsrA] made of cloth as follows.
3 using 11h'3SiVf3 /I61524 J
0.5 crtt x 30.5 square "5teri"
-Drape■Blue F'abric J to 0. (
10) It was attached to a 30.5 an x 30.5 α square aluminum foil with a thickness of 5 mm.

Example 11 “5teri-Drape Blue Fabric
48.4 instead of using a layer of melt-blown polypropylene fibers between two layers of non-woven polypropylene fibers.
! A laser-resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 10, except that a fabric having a weight of i'/m2 and a thickness of 0.23 mm was used.

Example 12 "5teri-Drape'B", ue Fabri
c Instead of using J, r As5ure” ■Nonwo
Example 1 except that ven Fabric J was used.
Laser resistant hanging cloth was constructed according to 0.0.

Example 1 3M [Medical Transfer Adhesive]
Instead of using sive YF61524J as adhesive, use R3M 5uper 775playAdhesi
A laser resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 10 except that ve J was used.

Example 14 6M [Medical Transfer Adhe
Instead of using sive A6 l 524J as adhesive, use r 3 M 8uper 778playAdhθ5
A laser resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 11 except that ive J was used.

Example 15 3M Medical Transfer Adhe
Instead of using sive A61524J as adhesive
3M 5uper 775playAdhesive
A laser-resistant hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 12, except that J.

Example 16 Hanging made according to Examples 10-15 was made of cloth and VCO
, (10) 5 mtn thick aluminum foil and conventional non-woven surgical hangers were tested by placing the fabric material on a metal tabletop and using a 002 laser with 20 watts output using a 0.4 m diameter beam and an angle of incidence of 90°. . The results are recorded in Table ■ below. The aluminum foil and laser blocking layer of Examples 10-15 were not penetrated even after 3.0 seconds of exposure, whereas the conventional hanger cloth material was penetrated after 0.5 seconds of exposure. The diameter of the pores in the fabric layer was measured by human eye using a microscope.

(No. ■ Example 12 0.5 (1.0 rAssurs I 2.O Nonwoven FabricJ on one side of the laser) 3.0 Example 13 0.5 (1.0"5ts on the laser's 11th rule)
ri-Drape ■ 2. o'Blue Fabr
icJ) 3.0 Example 14 0.5 (1.0 abrasive polypropylene 2.0 fiber on the laser side) 3.0 Table continued) 0.7*yx diameter hole, 0.7 mm diameter where the foil is exposed hole, 0,7mm diameter hole with exposed foil, 0,7mm diameter hole with exposed foil, 0,8mm diameter hole with exposed foil, 0,8mm diameter hole with exposed foil, exposed foil 0, 8 mm diameter hole, foil exposed 0, 8 feather diameter hole, foil exposed 1, 0 m1 diameter hole, foil exposed 1, 0 mm diameter hole, foil exposed 1, 0 Example 15: 1-Ortnn diameter hole, foil exposed 1-Ortnn diameter hole, foil exposed
0.5 (on the laser side 1.[]rAssure
”□ 2.

Nonwovan FabricJ) 3. Qo
, 6 mm diameter holes, 0.6 mm diameter holes where the foil is exposed, 0-6 mtrr diameter holes where the foil is exposed, 0.6 mm diameter holes where the foil is exposed, and the rate where the foil is exposed. Hanging creates pores in the woven layers of cloth,
Expose the bottom aluminum foil layer. Table 1 shows that the holes produced by the laser in the woven sheets of cloth of the present invention are significantly larger than the holes created in conventional cloths (at least about 2
(larger) and easier to observe (both because of their dimensions and the exposed aluminum foil). Thus, the hanging fabric of the present invention provides easy detection of anomalous laser shocks.

Example 17 Apply adhesive along the perimeter of the composite approximately 10.0W wide.
A laser resistant cloth was constructed according to Example 10, except that it was applied only in the IJ tube.

Example 18 Example 11 except that the adhesive was applied only into the IJ tube, approximately 10.0 +++ m wide along the perimeter of the composite.
According to the laser resistant hanging cloth constructed.

Example 19 A laser-resistant hanger was constructed according to Example 12, except that the adhesive was applied only in an approximately 10-0 m1 wide strip along the perimeter of the composite.

Example 20 Hanging fabric sheets and metal layers bonded together over their entire juxtaposed surfaces were fabric (Example 1O-12) and fabric sheets and metal layers bonded together only along the perimeter of the composite (Example 1O-12). The resistance to laser penetration for Examples 17-19) was compared according to the examples below.

The hook for Example 1O-12 (bonded composite) was cloth, the hook for Examples 17-19 (attached only at the periphery) was cloth, 0.
(10) 5stm thick aluminum foil, wet linen (each layer is 1-3mm thick when dry, weight 363,!?
/m2) and wet gauze (0.6711 when dry)
1 thickness, weight 292 g/m2) was measured for laser penetration resistance. A C02 laser using 20 watts of power and having a 4-diameter focus was used to impact the sample at 45° and 90° angles. The fabric sheet was positioned closest to the laser. Laser exposure time is 5
It was seconds.

In either case, the sample will be penetrated by the laser] and the time required for such penetration is reported in Table 2. "
DNP J indicates that the laser beam did not penetrate the sample.

Some of the hanging fabrics made according to Example 12 and one of the hanging fabrics made according to Example 10 were penetrated by the 900 Å laser beam in 2.0-5.0 seconds, whereas Example 17- None of the fabric in the hangings made according to No. 19 was penetrated by the laser beam. Thus, hanging fabrics with textile sheets and metal layers glued together only at their peripheries (Examples 17-19)
The hanger having a textile sheet and metal layer laminated together over its entire juxtaposed surface appears to provide better resistance to laser penetration than that exhibited by the fabric (Examples 10-12).

Example 21 This example illustrates the ability of the laser shielding material of the present invention to reflect an incident laser beam. The reflectance of the shielding material in which the textile sheet and the metal layer were bonded together over their entire juxtaposed surfaces (Example 1O-12) was compared to that of the shielding material in which the two layers were bonded together only at their periphery (Example 1O-12). Example 17-1
9).

The laser-resistant hangings of Examples 10-12 and 17-19 were made of cloth, as well as aluminum foil of 0-00-0l5 thickness.
It was bombarded at an angle of 45° by a 0,4 laser beam generated by a cO2 ray 4F- with a power of 0 watts. A paper target was placed at 25.4 cIrL from the sample and in the path of the reflected laser beam. The time required to scorch the target is recorded in Table V below.

Table v Aluminum foil 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
．． 5 0.5 Example 10 5.0 2.5 5.0
2.0 1.0 3.1 Example 11 2.5 2
．． 5 4.0 2.0 2.5 2.7 Example 12
1.5 1.0 4.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 Example 17 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.
5 0.7 Example 18' 0.5 1.5 0.
5 0.5 0.5 0.7 Example 19 4.0
0.5 1°5 0.5 0.5 1.4 Example 17-
The cloth of Examples 10-19 charred the target in a shorter time than the cloth of Examples 17-19. A score of 12 indicates that it reflects more of the incident laser radiation than cloth. Therefore, if reduced reflection is required, a cloth sheet (Example 10=
12) is preferred over cloth (Examples 17-19) where the fabric sheet and metal layer are bonded only around their peripheries.

Example 22 “5teri-Drape” Blue as a textile sheet
A sheet of cotton linen woven in place of Fabric J (10.6y thick and weighing 292.!i'/m), sold as "16th linen" by Lintex Corp., Minneapolis, Minnesota.
, Minneapolis.

A laser-resistant hanger fabric was constructed according to Example 10, except that a laser-resistant hanger fabric was used (commercially available from Minnesota).

Example 26 This example illustrates the flammability of the laser resistant hanging fabric of the present invention. The hangers in Examples 10, 12, 17, 19 and 22 were made of cloth, cotton linen woven in the same way (Lintex "1").
No. 3 linen) and conventional surgical cloth materials are tested according to the National Fire Protection Association Standard Test Method (NFPA, STM) 70.
No. 2-1980, the test method is described herein by reference. Sample (5,08c1nX 15.24c1
! L) K tilted position and exposed their bottom edges to flame for 10 seconds. The time required for combustion and flame propagation to the top of the sample and the percent of sample burned are recorded in Table V below.

This example illustrates that the woven sheet and metal layer composite of the present invention is more flame retardant than conventional woven coverings. A laser-resistant hanging cloth (Example 1
0 and 12) and those in which the two layers were bonded only along their peripheries (Examples 17-19), the bonded composites (Examples 10 and 12) showed better alignment along their peripheries. (Examples 17 and 19)
Explain that it is more flame retardant than the other layer.

Example 24 A one-lease resistant fabric was made according to Example 10, except that 0.023 mm thick copper foil was used in place of the aluminum foil. Kake exposed the fabric to 10 5 second pulses from a 002 laser at a 90° angle of incidence. The laser beam was 0.4 mm in diameter and a power of 20 watts was used. The laser beam could not penetrate the metal.

Example 25 The laser resistant throws of Examples 10.12 and 24 were
Five 5 second pulses from an argon laser were exposed at an angle of incidence of 0°. The laser beam had a diameter of 0.13 mt and a power of 1.6 watts was used. Neither hanger nor fabric was penetrated by the laser.

Example 26 A 60 F x 30 cm square fabric made from a layer of melt-blown polypropylene fibers between two layers of non-woven polypropylene fibers weighs 48.4 g/m2 and has a length of 0-23 m.
(10) 8 mm thick aluminum foil (Alloy 11
145-[1) 6M [Medical] on one side.

Tra, m5far Adhssive A61524
It was laminated using j. The fabric and aluminum foil were laminated over their entire juxtaposed surfaces. 30cnL x 60crIl on the other side of the aluminum in the same way as above.
``S Moeri-Drape ■ Blus Fabric.

” were pasted together.

Example 27 Instead of using a fabric made from polypropylene fibers, 100% by weight of which is polyester and 37.23g/
Kendall Company, Boston, I Co., with a weight of m2.

The hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 26, except that a fabric made from spun-lace l-fiber obtained from Boston, Mass., USETTS was used.

Example 28 Fabrics made from polypropylene fibers were made from non-woven nylon fibers and 67.69j? /rn2 weight,
"Cerex 5punbonded NYLON"
As Jamss River Corp, Nee
The hanger fabric was constructed according to Example 26, except that it was replaced with a woven fabric that could be purchased from Nah, Wisconsin.

Example 29 Fabrics made from polypropylene fibers were manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corp., Rothwell, Georgia (Kimb.
early C1ark Corp, Roswell
, Georgia) from “7□Bguarρ3teri
□1zation Wrap J.

A hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 26 except that commercially available vorizolobin l/n blend fibers were substituted.

Example 30 A woven fabric made from polypropylene fibers was prepared with 45% by weight of &
Made from IJ ester fiber and 55% wood
ontara■5punplaced Fabric
The hanger was constructed in accordance with Example 26, except that J was replaced with fabric purchased from E, X, DuPont R. Nemour & Company.

Example 31 A fabric made from polypropylene fibers was made from wood valves and polyester fibers and
rctant, Apparel Fabric, N
Degister Coop 1 as 9372 NJ. Example 32 The hanger of Examples 26-28 containing a thermoplastic layer The flame retardancy of the fabrics was compared with the flame retardance of the fabrics of Examples 4 and 29-31 according to the following method (-).

Sharplan Rades, Ink 0, Allenzol, New Chassis (SharplanTMLaser)
s.

Inc,, A11sndale, New Jsrs
C0.2 laser f “Sha
rplanTM719 Microslad J [ZeissMicros
Cope OPM IJ as Carl Zeis, Inc., Thornwood, New Field (Carl Zeis
s+Inc, Thornwood, New Yo
It was mounted on a microscope that can be purchased from rk. [5 ha
rplan'rM7 l 9 MicrosladJ is equipped with a microscope operating device and a continuously variable defocus (defocus).
Attach focus) (CVD). CVD
By allowing the i L/-diameter to be widened or narrowed over a range, the test rack allows for the examination of varying widths or spot sizes of the laser impact on the fabric.

The absolute power of the laser beam was varied to account for the effects of varying laser power and energy density. The fabric sample was placed 300 degrees away from the laser and positioned so that the laser impacted the entire sample at a 90° angle. Each hanging is made of cloth [5teri-DrappBlue]
The Fabric J layer was placed laser side down.

The laser exposure time for each impact was 0.5 seconds. 2
The appearance of the flame on the fabric after bombardment with a laser with a beam width between 1.1 and 5.1 mm at a power between 0 and 40 mm is reported in Section 2.

Numbers from 0 to 5 are used to represent: 0=
No smoke or other visible effects.

1 = Very small flash, no visible flame.

2 = Slightly visible flame.

ro = flame shorter than 1.3 cr/L extending from the fabric.

4-Flame extending from 1,3 cIIL to 2.5 cm from the fabric.

5 - Flame larger than 2.5 cm extending from the fabric.

Each test was repeated three times. The numbers reported in Table 1 are the result of adding the numbers obtained after each impact.

u] 0 0
℃000μ)
0 0 0 ri0
(b) 0 noodles 0 0 0 i0
0 0 to 〇
〇 〇 Shiro Mouth 0 0 Mouth
C%J 00 0
(b) 0U) to α 0 (b) (b) As can be seen from Table ■, when using a beam width of approximately 1.1 mm, the power is lower than 20 watts (often performed in laser surgery). At high laser powers, all the fabrics withstood flame generation. As the power was increased, the fabrics of Examples 4 and 29-31, which did not have the thermoplastic fabric layer closest to the laser, began to fail.

As the beam width increased, the failure increased, peaking at beam widths between 3 and 4 dragons.

This result was unexpected since the intensity decreases as the beam width increases.

The fabric of Example 26, which had the thermoplastic polypropylene fabric closest to the laser, resisted flame formation at all beam widths and powers. The fabric of Example 27, which had the thermoplastic polyester fabric closest to the laser, withstood flame generation with the exception of a little flame impact at the highest (40 watts) power setting. Similarly, the fabric of Example 28, which had thermoplastic nylon fibers closest to the laser, resisted flame formation at all but the highest power settings. Hanging cloth using thermoplastic fibers (Examples 26-28
The reason for the particular case of flame noted in ) is not understood, but may be related to factors such as fabric density, fiber orientation, residual monomer in the polymer, etc.

Example 33 Aluminum foil was 0. (10) 8m thick aluminum foil (alloy $1145-0) and 0-(10) available from Lamart Corp., Cry7ton, New Chassis.
It was replaced by a 3 mm thick polypropylene film tonneau laminate, and the fabric made from polypropylene fibers was replaced by [Nexus ■ 100% Polyθ5ter].
The hanging fabric was constructed according to Example 26, except that it was replaced by a fabric made from fibers available from J. L., Teperington Foamed Fabrics, Green Spolo, North Carolina, and having a weight of 4497 square meters.

This hanger was tested for flame retardancy according to Example 32 and showed all 6 beam widths and powers.
The cumulative score for Lehday shock was zero.

Example 34 Aluminum foil was replaced with a laminate of 0-(10) 8-thick aluminum foil (Aloina 1145-0) and 0-(10) 3-mg thick polyester film available from Lamato Coso, and polypropylene fibers. Fabrics made from ester fibers available from the Kendall Company, Gaston, and Asachusett <F) 4.927! /rn2(0 weight) was constructed according to Example 26. The cloth was tested for flame retardancy according to Example 32, and the fabric had a total of 6 laser impacts. The cumulative score for all beam widths and powers was zero.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another construction of the shielding material of FIG. 2, some portions of which have been removed. Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the fabric of a conventional surgical hanger;
Part of it is shown in cross section, with the laser beam penetrating the cloth. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the structure of FIG. 2, with the - section shown in cross section, with the laser beam penetrating the top layer of laser shielding material. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the invention. In addition, the numbers written in the drawing represent the bottom manure:

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) A laser shielding material (10) for use at a surgical site during laser surgery, comprising an opaque, flexible woven sheet having one major surface juxtaposed with a metal layer (14), the woven sheet (12) comprising: ) is 40 per square cm
the metal layer (14
) uses a power of 5 watts and has a diameter of 2.0 mm.
having a thickness sufficient to withstand penetration by two laser beams for at least 0.2 seconds; and said textile sheet (12)
and said metal layer (14) is of sufficient thickness to give said laser shielding material a stiffness of less than 60,000 kg·mm. (2) The woven sheet (12) is further characterized in that it comprises a nonwoven material selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, thermoplastic polymer fibers, cellulosic fibers, and combinations thereof. ) Laser shielding material (10) described in item (10). (3) A laser shielding material (1) according to claim 1, further characterized in that said textile sheet (12) comprises woven or knitted muslin, silk or cotton.
0). (4) The metal layer (14) is aluminum, cerium, cobalt, copper, gold, indium, iron, lead, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, palladium, platinum, praseodymium, rhenium, rhodium, samarium, silver, tantalum, tin, Laser shielding material (10) according to claim 1, further characterized by comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc and alloys thereof. (5) The textile sheet (12) is further characterized in that it is juxtaposed with the metal layer (14) by the use of adhesive means, mechanical fastening means or thermal lamination. ) Laser shielding material (10) described in item (10). (6) A laser-resistant surgical drape (10) comprising an opaque, flexible woven sheet (12) having one major surface juxtaposed with a metal layer (14), the woven sheet (14) comprising:
2) has 40 or fewer lint per square cm; the metal layer (14) withstands penetration by a CO_2 laser beam of diameter 2.0 mm using a power of 5 watts for at least 0.2 seconds; has sufficient thickness;
and the fabric sheet (12) and the metal layer (14)
A laser-resistant surgical drape (10) characterized in that it has a thickness sufficient to give the surgical drape a stiffness of less than ,000 kg·mm. (7) The fabric sheet is polypropylene, polyester,
Claim 6 further characterized in that it comprises thermoplastic polymer fibers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyolefin, polyamide and nylon fibers.
) A laser-resistant surgical drapery (10) as described in item (10). (8) the metal layer (14) is connected to the textile sheet (12, 20);
and first and second adhesive layers (16, 1
8) the textile sheet (12, 20) and the metal layer (14);
The drapery further includes a second textile sheet (20) having a major surface juxtaposed with the metal layer (14) such that the second textile sheet (20) is made of a non-thermoplastic material. A laser-resistant surgical drape (10) according to claim 6, further characterized in that said other textile sheet (12) comprises thermoplastic polymer fibers. (9) A method of shielding workroom personnel, equipment, and surgical patients from laser radiation at a surgical site where a laser is used, including covering the personnel, equipment, or patient with a laser shielding material; A laser shielding material (10) according to claim (1), and said shielding material (10) being positioned such that said textile sheet (12) faces said laser. Featured shielding method. (10) A method of shielding a patient from laser radiation during laser surgery comprising covering the surgical side of the patient with a laser-resistant surgical drape, the surgical drape as defined in claim (8). Laser-resistant surgical drape (
10), and the drapery covers the second fabric sheet (2
0) is characterized by the ability to be located closest to the patient.