JPS63236027A - Photographic element - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to the use of surface roughening agents in photographic elements, particularly top coats of photographic elements.
gent). Matting agents can prevent transfer of silver halide grains and produce images of improved quality.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Matting agents are commonly applied to upper layers in photographic elements for a variety of purposes. Matting agents (matting agents) are
writing Adjusts the coefficient of friction for mechanical handling of photographic elements, and reduces Newton's rings during printing and stretching.
This improves surface performance by reducing the formation of rings and creating air pockets to facilitate drawdowns for photographic elements in vacuum systems.

However, one important problem has often been encountered with the use of surface matting agents in photographic elements. During this period, the starry night phenomenon (5
Tarry Night Effect) J. This phenomenon results in a significantly reduced optical density of 7!
f-: Small area of w. And this drawback is that on a uniform black image, many white dots (aots) on a black background
I realized that it was like a night with many stars. US! As stated in Total No. 4,172,731,
The modern way of exposing photographic elements is to expose more than one layer of N1 at a given time. When the last coating layer containing the matting agent is dried, the starlinite phenomenon occurs. Drying these layers causes them to shrink.

The bottom S portion of the matting agent presses into the adjacent layer (eg, the silver halide emulsion layer) during this drying time. As in C, silver halide grains are pulled out of small areas by the matting agent migrating into the emulsion layer.

Since no silver halide is present in these small areas, it is necessary to provide a V optical density upon exposure and development. The absence of such silver halide grains and the absence of developable optical density clearly indicate the starrynite phenomenon.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,731 attempts to solve the starrynite phenomenon of C by using polymer particles mixed with pigment as a matting agent. These pigments should be of the same color as the image formed in the adjacent emulsion layer, but these matting agents merely mask the starlinite grains, and the pigments in the adjacent layer It does not change the undesirable distribution of silver halide.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,232,1)7 does not mention the problem of starrynite phenomenon, but for non-adhesive properties it is necessary to use matting agents of 1-5 microns and
Both micron and colloidal silica are used.

No. 6.41), 907 contains two different matting agents, a soft and a hard matting agent, and a small group of hard particle matting agents having a diameter of at least about 1 micron. A combination of at least 90 liK amounts qb and at least 4ox amounts qb of soft matting agent having a diameter of 4 microns or greater are used.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,873 has a range of 0.62 to 1.
light scattering particles with dimensions of 9 microns, and 2 to 5
The use of light-scattering topcoats containing both matting agent particles having an average particle size of microns has been described. The light scattering particles are 0.7~TO,! 1//nL", and there is no possibility of dissolution from the photographic element during development.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides short contact vacuum drawdown times, an acceptable degree of starrynite phenomenon, good surface abrasivity,
There is provided an improved matte layer S parabolic radiation sensitive photographic element capable of providing an acceptable haze. To do so, critical weight proportions of two differently sized particle components are used that are insoluble during development. The larger particles provide a matte finish and the smaller particles are buoyed over the larger particles in the top coat.
Reduces starry night phenomenon.

In accordance with the detailed description of the invention, there is provided such a photographic element having an improved surface roughening composition 1fc dulling a-acid on the outer surface on the radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer. The outer surface is the surface of the photographic element above the silver halide emulsion layer, which is usually a backing layer.
) farthest from. These donor X elements may be photographic elements for black and white photography, or photographic elements for color photography, and may be in any actinic portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared regions. /l!
! It is v-based.

The rough topcoat consists of two sets of particles with different size distributions and concentrations. One of these particle sets
One publishes an average particle size of 1.0 micron or more and 10 microns or less, Q, O15El/nL2 or more, 0.15&/
Apply a matting agent with a coating amount of rrL2 or less. Another set of particles has an average particle size of 0.20-0.75 microy (7) and 0.2-0.7 g/rIL2t or i,og
buoying agent with a coverage of /m”
agent) Teal. Both particles must be refractory during development to provide the final properties to the product. Moreover, the binding grains can be contained separately in the emulsion layer.

These sizes provide support against the penetration of larger grains into the emulsion layer without creating starry night effects in the image.

The particles can be selected from the same or different materials,
It can be hard or shielded, colored or unshielded (preferably), and inorganic or organic. These materials should be non-light sensitive and should not be silver halide grains that can be developed to form a visible image. Also, these particles must not dissolve during the development process.

If the small particles dissolve, the large particles fall off during development, are extruded into lower layers during drying, and are thinned again during drying to the topcoat layer'f. These particles include inorganic particles such as barium sulfate, silica, calcium, carbonates, barrier
), titania (t, it, anla), calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, etc., or organic particles, e.g., t [
Cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, acrylic or methacrylic resins (e.g. methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, n-methacrylic acid, n-
It can be selected from homopolymers and copolymers of butyl, polyvinyl resins, and homopolymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as styrene and butadiene.

The size range and coverage of these particles are critical in the practice of this invention.

If the size of the small particles is more than 0.20 microns, or if the coverage of the small particles is 0.29/
m", there is no binding effect. If the small particles are heavier than 0.75 microns on average, this particle will contribute to the starrynite phenomenon. If the small δ Particle coverage is 0.7 #/m”
If it is too heavy, the haze in the photographic element will increase. The proportion and size of large particles also help to provide a matte finish and minimize any starry night effects.
I agree with L.

Any of the various types of quaternary silver halide emulsions can be used in the practice of this invention. for example,
Silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodobromide, chlorobromide scissors, and mixtures thereof can be used. Further, any shape of the particles may be used, such as cubic, orthorhombic, hexagonal, epitaxial, layered, tabular, or a mixture thereof. can. These emulsions can be prepared by any known method, such as U.S. Pat.
), No. 3.271,157 (MCBr1ae),
4,425,425 and 4,425,4
Single jet (si) as described in No. 26
nglθjet) emulsion forming method or double jet)
(aoublθjθt) emulsion forming method.

The halogenated emulsion of the present invention may not be washed with water or may be washed with water to remove soluble salts. In the latter, the soluble salt is
l -setting ) and leaching (1θachin
g) or the emulsion can be removed by, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,618,556 (Hewitson
et al.), No. 2.614,928 (YutZ
Yat al, ), No. 2.565,418 (Ya
ckel), No. 3,241,969 () (art
etal, ), and No. 2,489,341 (Wa
It is also possible to wash and solidify the awns by the operation described in Ller et al.

Photographic emulsions can be sensitized with chemical sensitizers, such as reducing agents, compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, compounds of gold, platinum or palladium, or combinations thereof. A suitable chemical sensitization method is described in U.S. Patent No. 1.623,49.
No. 9 (3hepard), No. 2.399,083 (Waller), No. 3,297.447 (MC
Veigh), and No. 3.297.446 (D
Unn) is described in δ.

The silver halide emulsion of the present invention contains a sensitivity increasing compound (5
peed increasing compounas
), such as polyalkylene glycols, cationic surfactants, and thioethers or combinations thereof, which are described in US Pat.
No. 886.437 (piper), No. 3,046,
No. 134 (Chechak), No. 2,944,9
No. 00 (Carroll et al.), and No. 3
, 294.540 (()Offθ).

Silver halide emulsion is a turnip! It can also be protected against the formation of J(fog) and stabilized against loss of sensitivity during storage. Suitable antifoggants that can be used alone or in combination include U.S. Pat.
, No. 038 (3 taua) and No. 2.694, 7
No. 16 (A1) en), thiazolium salts described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,886,437 (Piper
) and No. 2.444,605 (Heimback
), the azaindenes described in U.S. Patent No. 2.
72 B, 663 (A1) en), U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,135 (Ana
Urazoles listed in θrson), U.S.%
Sulfocatechols described in Patent No. 3,235,652 (Kennara), British Patent No. 623.4
Oximes, nitrones, nitron indazoles listed in iUJ in No. 48 (Carrol et al.), polyvalent gold cormorant salts described in U.S. Patent No. 2,839,405 (Jone 8), U.S. Patent No. 3.220,
No. 839 (CHerZ) Knee-g Retei b thiuronium salt, and U.S. Patent No. 2,566,263 (T
rivelli) and Ibid. No. 2,597,9) No. 5 (
1) amschroder ) [I own-gnte b
Includes palladium, platinum and gold salts, etc.

Silver halides, alone or in combination, are useful organic or inorganic hardeners, such as aldehydes, blocked aldehydes, ketones,
Carboxylic acid derivatives, carbonic acid derivatives, sulfonic acid esters, sulfonyl halides, vinyl sulfones, active halogen compounds, -c $oxy compounds, aziridines, active olefins, incyanates, carbodiimides, @! with mixed functions! Filming agents, and polymeric hardening agents such as oxidized polysaccharides such as dialdehyde starch, oxygal gum (o
xyguargum) etc.

Photographic emulsions also contain vehicles.
) or as binders, various colloids may be included alone or in combination. Suitable hydrophilic substances include substances found in nature, such as proteins such as gelatin, gelatin derivatives M (eg tl-f, phthalated gelatin), cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides such as dextran, Arabiaim et al., and
Synthetic polymers, such as water-bathable polyvinyl compounds such as poly(vinylpyrrolidone), acrylamide polymers, or other synthetic polymeric compounds such as vinyl compounds dispersed in latex form, and especially vinyl compounds dispersed in latex form; Both include substances that increase the dimensional stability of the material. Suitable synthetic complexes include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,142
, No. 568 (Nottorf), No. 3.193.3.
No. 86 (White), No. 3,062,674 ()
(ouakS8mith and Yudelson),
No. 3.220.844 (Houck, Sm1t
h OJ: UYuclelaon), same No. 3.28
No. 7,289 (Re! Lm fip and powler
), and No. 3, 41), 9) No. 1 (1) yketr
The synthetic compounds described in a) are included, and particularly useful are water-insoluble polymers of alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, acrylic acid, sulfoalkyl acrylates, or sulfoalkyl methacrylates. polymers having cross-linking sites to facilitate curing; polymers having repeating sulfobetaine units as described in Canadian Patent No. 774,054.

The emulsions according to the present invention may contain antistatic or conductive layers, such as soluble salts such as chlorides, nitrates, etc., evaporated gold-containing layers, ionic polymers, such as those described in U.S. Pat.
No. 056 and Nos. 3.206 and 312 (yins
k), or insoluble inorganic salts such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,428,451 (Trθ
It can be used in photographic elements containing a layer containing insoluble inorganic salts as described in VOY).

Photographic emulsions can be coated on a wide variety of supports. Typical supports include polyester film, 7
m! D-chilled polyester film, poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, cellulose nitrate film, cellulose ester film, poly(vinyl acetal)
Films, polycarbonate films and related materials or resinous materials, glass, paper, whole islands, etc. are included. Typically, a flexible support is used, especially one that can be partially acetylated, or a baryta and/or alpha olefin polymer, especially one containing 2 to 10 A filter paper support is used which can be coated with an alpha olefin having carbon atoms, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene butene copolymers, etc.

The emulsions of the present invention contain plasticizers and lubricants such as polyalcohols such as glycerin and US% t[2,96
No. 0,404 (MiltOn) and fc-type diols, fatty acids or esters such as U.S. Pat. No. 2,588,765 (Hobina) and U.S. Pat. Fatty acids or esters, such as those described, and silicone resins, such as those described in British Patent No. 955,061, may be included.

The emulsions described herein include surfactants, such as saponins, anionic compounds, such as US%ni2,
Alkylaryl sulfonates, fluorinated surfactants, and amphoteric compounds, as listed in US Pat.
, No. 133,816 (B8n-1)izr&).

The photographic compositions described herein contain matting agents such as starch, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,992,101 (Jelley at
al, ) and No. 2,701,245 (Lyn
n) recorded in El! I type of beads (beaa
s) One integrated bead containing f, all containing δ can be set.

The emulsion of the present invention contains stilbene, triazine, and acetic acid. Water-soluble brighteners, such as German Patent No. 972.067 (Albera et al.) and U.S. Pat.
．． No. 933,390 (MQF'1Lll et al.
) K can be applied using water-bath brighteners as described or German Patent No. 1.15 0.2~
1.0 g/m274 (Yansen) and U.S. Patent No. 3,406. CJ 7 [No. 1 (Qetlker
Brightening agent dispersants such as those described in et al.) may also be used.

Photographic elements containing emulsion layers according to the present invention may contain original absorbing materials and filter dyes, such as U.S. Pat.
．． 92) (Sawdey), No. 2.274.78
No. 2 (oaspar), No. 2,527.583 (
Carroll θt al.) and Ibid. No. 2,956,
No. 879 (Van Campen), C for use in photographic materials containing a light-absorbing substance and filter dyes can be prepared. Optionally, dyes can be added, such as those described in US Pat. No. 3,282,699 (Milt
On and JOnθB) can be used as mordants.

Also useful are contrast-enhancing additives such as hydrazines, rhodium, iridium, and combinations thereof.

The photographic emulsions of the present invention can be coated by various coating methods such as dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating.
ing ), or U.S. Pat. No. 2,681,294 (
B8guin) can be coated by extrusion using a quiz hopper with an H-hole.

If desired, more than one layer may be added as described in US Pat. No. 2,761.
No. 79) (Ru5se1)) Oyohi UK% FF No. 837.095 (Wynn)
Depending on the operation, they can be coated simultaneously.

The couplers can be present either by direct bonding with a hydrophilic colloid or by holding them in a still boiling organic solvent (and then dispersing them within the hydrophilic colloid). The colloid can be partially hardened or optically hardened using any of a variety of known photographic hardeners. Such hardeners include: Free aldehydes (U.S. Patent No. 3,232,7
No. 64), albihyde-dissociating compounds (U.S. Pat. No. 2,
870,013 and 3,819,608),
6-triazines and diacins (U.S. Pat. No. 3)
, 325, 287 and 3,992,366), aziridines (U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,175)
, vinyl sulfones (US Pat. No. 3,490,9) No. 1), calzadiimides, and the like can be conveniently used.

Silver halide photographic elements can be used to form dye images in the element by selective formation of dyes. The photographic firing element described above for forming silver images can be used to form dye images by using a developer containing all dye image forming agents. The dye image forming agent is
An example is color couplers, which are described in British Patent No. 478.984, US Pat. C102,
No. 836, No. 2,271,238 and No. 2,36
No. 2,598 (Vittum at al.), U.S. Patent No. 2,950.970 (5chWan et a.
), No. 2,592,243 (f::arrol
), No. 2,343,703, No. 2,376,380 and No. 2,369,489
(Porter et al.), British Patent No. 88
No. 6,723 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,899,306 (
3path), U.S. Patent No. 3,152.896 (T
U.S. Pat. No. 5,394, U.S. Pat. No. 2,252,718 and U.S. Pat.
, 547, 650 (pilato). In this form, the developer comprises a color developing agent (e.g., aromatic primary amines, the oxidized form of which can react with a coupler to form an image dye association). Contains. Also, using instant self-developing diffusion transfer films, photothermographic color films, or papers using silver halides present in clathly proximity to reducible silver sources and leuco dyes. You can also do that.

Dye-forming couplers may also be incorporated into photographic elements. These are pie Chemie, VOl,
57.

1944, p. 1)3 (8chneiaer e
tal, ), U.S. Patent No. 2,304.940 (Ma
nnE18 et al.), Ibid. No. 2, 269.15
No. 8 (Martinez), No. 2.322,027
No. (Jellθy et al.), No. 2.376
, No. 679 (Frolichθta1.), No. 2.8.
No. 01,171 (Fierke et al.), No. 3.748,141 (Sm1th), No. 2,7
No. 72,163 (Tong), No. 2,835,57
No. 9 ('phirtl13at al, ), No. 2,
No. 533,514 (Bawaey etlLl), No. 2.353.754 (Peterson), No. 3,409,435 (5eiael), and Ch.
en Research Disclosure,
Mo1. 159, July 1977, xta
m 15930.

Dye-forming couplers can be used in different amounts to achieve different photographic effects; for example, British Patent No. 923.045 and US Patent No. 3.843.3.
No. 69 relates to a silver overlay of less than that normally used in fast speed emulsion layers and intermediate speed emulsion layers:
It is taught to limit the total concentration of couplers.

Dye-forming couplers are usually chosen in the form of subtractive primary color (i.e., yellow, magenta, and cyan) image dyes and are non-diffusible, colorless couplers, such as open-chain ketomethylene, Pyrazolones, girazolotriazoles, virazolobenzimidazoles, hydrophobically ballasted (ba) for inclusion in high boiling organic (coupler) solvents.
llhatea) type of phenols and naphthols. Such couplers are described in U.S. Pat.
2.407.207, 3,737,316 and 142,367.531 (3a1minen
et al.), No. 2,772.161, No. 2
, 6 Q O, No. 788, No. 3.006,759,
3,2) 4,437 and 3.253.92
No. 4 (Loria et al.), No. 2.875
, No. 057 (McCrossen et al.), No. 2.908.57! No. 1 (Bush at al,
), No. 3.054,892 (() ledhill
et ILL, ), No. 2.474,293, No. 2,407,2)0, No. 3.062,653,
3.265,506 and 3,384,65
No. 7 (Weissberger et al., No. 2,343,703 (Porter et al.,
), No. 3.127,269 (Greenhalgh
), No. 2.865,748, No. 2,933.3
No. 9) and No. 2,865,751 (peniak
QCal, ), same No. 3.725. [) No. 67 (B
a1lay et al.), 3.758.3
No. 08 (Beavara et aL), No. 3.
No. 779,763 (Lau), No. 3,785,82
No. 9 (Fernanclez), British Patent i 96
9.92), No. 1,241,069, No. 1,0
1), No. 940, U.S. [N% Permit No. 3,762,92) (
Vanaen Eynde atal, ), IWJM
No. 2,983,608 (Beavera), No. 3,
31), No. 476, No. 3,408,194, No. 3
, No. 458,315, No. 3,447,928, No. 3,476,563 (Loria), No. 3.41
No. 9.390 ((:reseman et al, )
, No. 3,419, 39) (Young), No. 3
, No. 519, 429 (Leatina), British special r1
+- No. 975,928, same No. 1.1) 1.554,
US Patent fA3,222,176 (Jaekan)
and Canadian Percentage No. 726.651J @ British Patent No. 1
．． No. 248.924 (13chulJe at al,
), and rice 1) Bamboo Permit No. 3,227,550 (Wn
ltemore et al.). single)
Using dye-forming couplers with different fc reactive carriers in separate layers, the desired sound effects for special regenerative applications can be achieved.

By coupling, the dye-forming couplers can be combined with photographically useful components, such as +A image-side stabilizers or development accelerators, whitening accelerators, developing agents, silver halide solvents, toners, hardeners, capri agents, antifoggants, competitive couplers, chemical or spectral sensitizers, and desensitizers, all release names can be set. Current inhibitor-releasing (DIR) couplers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,062 (Whitmore et al.
tal, ), No. 3,227,554 (Barr
at al, ), No. 3.733.201 (Ba
rr), No. 3,617,29) (Bawaey)
, No. 3.703,375 (Groet at al.
), No. 3.615,506 (Abbott e
tal, ), No. 3.265,506 (Weiss
berger QCILL, ), same No. 3.620,
No. 745 (8eymour), same No. 3,632,34
No. 5 (MILrXθt 1) 1. ), same No. 3.869
, 29) (Mader et al, ), British Patent No. 1,201,1)0, U.S. Patent No. 3,642.4
B No. 5 (018hi etal,), UK Percentage Th1
, 236.767 (■erbruggbe U.S. Patent No. 3,770.466 (FujiWhara ata
), and 3.8 [No. 38,945 (M&t
su.

et ILL, ). Dye-forming couplers and non-dye-forming compounds that release a variety of photographically useful groups upon coupling are described in U.S. Pat.
It is published in Tokyo No. 248,962. There are all types of DIR compounds that do not form dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing agents. These compounds are described in West German Patent Publication No. 2,529,350 and in the United States Patent Publication No. 2,529,350.
f No. 6,928,041, No. 3,958,993, and No. 3,961,959 (Fujiwhar
a et al. ), West German Patent Publication No. 2.44
No. 8,063 @ (Qdenwalaer), No. 2
．． No. 610,546 (']:'anaka at
al, ), U.S. Patent No. 4,049,455 (Ki
kuchi at al, ) and 4,052
, 2) No. 3 (Credner et al.). DIR that can use oxidative splitting
Compound Compound All Classes Japanese Patent No. 3, 379, 529 (p.
alter at al, ), same No. 3.043, 69
No. 0 (()r8en et al, ), No. 3, 36
No. 4,022 (Barr), same m 3,297.44
No. 5 (Duennebierθt al.), and the same ai! , No. 287, 129 (Reese et al.)
An example is shown below. Silver halide emulsions that are relatively light-insensitive, such as the Lipmann emulsion
lsions) is described in U.S. Percentage No. 3.892.572 (Bhi, ba et al, ) Vc.
Utilized as an internal and top coat layer to prevent or control migration of the development inhibitor as shown in δ
It was.

Color dye-forming couplers, such as couplers used to form integral masks for negative color images, are used in photographic materials. , No. 966 () Ianson),
2, 52), 908 (C) 1)! LEIBet
al, ), ff13,034,892 (Gledh
ill atal, ), No. 3,476.563 (L
oria), No. 3.519,429 (Lest
ina), i 2,546,69) (Friea
man), same No. 3,028,238 (Pu5ch
el et am, ), No. 3,061,432 (
Menzelat al, ), and UK%rfaK
No. 1.035,959 (Greenhalgh) K
Examples 6] and/or competitive couplers [
These couplers are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,876.428.
No. 3,580,7 (Murin et al.)
No. 22 (3akamotOθtal,), M2, 99
No. 8,314 (puschel), No. 2,808,
No. 629 (Whitmor, No. 2,742,832)
No. 2.689, 7
No. 93 (W.

Image dye stabilizers can be included in the reconstruction cost. Such image dye stabilizers may be
No. 26,889, Kokutokuken No. 3,432,300 and No. 698,909 (1, estina et
al, ), No. 6.574,627 (Btθrnθt
a1. ), same No. 3,573,050 (Branno
ck et al.), No. 3,764,337 (
Arai at al, ) and 4.042,
No. 394 (3mlth et al.), an example of δ is given.

These types of body shaping systems are commonly available in the industry. Detailed articles on various dye transfer and diffusion methods can be found, for example, in "A Funaam13ntal
lyNew Imaging Technology
for Instant Photography”,
W, T,) Larillon, Jr.

Photographic 5science ana
Engineering, VOI.

20*No, 4. Ju17/August
i976. anaNeblette's )l
andbook of Photography an
dRJprOgraphy, Materials
, Processes and 3 systems
, 7th Edition, John M.
, Stunge.

van No5truna Rej-nholcL
company, N, Y,.

1977, pp. 324-330ana126. A detailed paper on dye-bleached color imaging systems can be found in The Reproduction of C
o1our.

3ra Ea, , R, W, C), Hunt
, Fountain Pr8BB.

Lonaon, English L 1975 p.
p, 325-330sancL The 'I"he
ory of the photography p
rocθss.

4th Ed,, Mees ana Ja
mes, l, iacmillanpubli
shing co,, engineering nc,, N, Y,,
1977pp.

363-366. In addition, the Me
es ana James paper pagθ366-37
2 discusses dye transfer methods in detail. For leuco dye oxidation in silver halide systems, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,460,681 and 4,374,82)
No. 4,02), No. 240.

Other conventional photographic additives may also be added, such as coating aids, antistatic agents, acutance dyes, etc.
ayes), antihalation dyes and layers, antifoggants, latent image stabilizers, anti-kink agents, etc. may also be present.

Haze (haz) in the following examples and practice of the invention
e) measurement was performed using A8TM D 10 [1) 3-61
(re-approved in 1977).

The d haze φ was measured as −X 10 C1, where 'pa is the diffuse transmittance and Tt is the total transmittance.

Examples 1-5 Coated emulsion containing all 0.15 micron cubic chlorobromide (64/36, C1/Br) grains in a gelatin binder, primea anasub
bed) coated on a TIe ethylene terephthalate substrate at a silver coverage of 4.09/m2.

Five samples of this coated emulsion were each coated with five different gelatin topcoats to evaluate starlinite grain size and weighting effects, haze, and drawdown time. The film exposure results are shown in Table 1. As the large particles (LP), 2.65 micron silica was used, and as the small particles (sp), 0.5 micron polymethyl methacrylate was used.7ζ0 1 0.01) -4.3 3.5 16. 02
G, 022 0.2) 5 4 7 10
3 0.022 0.334 3 7.7
104 0.044-5.3 10 1)5
[J, G77 0.43 2.3 15 4
．． Regarding the value of 7 Starry Night, 6 is acceptable and strong, 5 is poor, and 4 is slightly acceptable and 1! 6 means excellent, 2 means excellent, and 7 means good. A haze value of up to 15 is acceptable.

These data are based on the combination of small particles and matting agent, using a high level of matting agent /L/,
It has been shown that it is possible to improve the opening sound at draw night without increasing the starry night phenomenon. I can do C.

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) at least one silver halide photographic emulsion in a hydrophilic colloidal binder on a substrate;
a surface matting layer on a seed emulsion, said matting agent layer containing at least two different types of binder having particles that are insoluble upon development;
One type of particle is 0.015-0.15g/m^2
The second type of particles includes a matting agent having an average particle size of 1 to 10 microns at a coverage of 0.
．． 0.20-0 at a coverage of 2-0.7g/m^2
．． A photographic element containing tethering particles having an average particle size of 75 microns. (2) The photographic element of claim 1, wherein the tethering particles have an average particle size of 0.3 to 0.6 microns. (3) The photographic element of claim 1, wherein the tethering particles are organic polymeric materials. (4) The photographic element of claim 2, wherein the tethering particles are organic polymeric materials. (5) A photographic element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the matting agent is an inorganic particle. (6) A photographic element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the matting agent has an average particle size of 2 to 7 microns. (7) A photographic element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tethering particles are present in a coating of 0.2 to 1.0 g/m^2. (8) A photographic element according to claim 5, wherein the tethering agent is present at a coverage of 0.2 to 1.0 g/m^2. (9) A photographic element according to claim 6, wherein the tethering particles are present at a coverage of 0.2 to 1.0 g/m^2. (10) comprising at least one silver halide photographic emulsion in a hydrophilic colloidal binder on a substrate and a surface matting layer on said at least one emulsion in a layer adjacent thereto, and said matting agent layer ,0.015~0
．． at least one binder having particles that are insoluble upon development, including a matting agent having an average particle size of 1 to 10 microns at a coverage of 15 g/m^2; particles are present in the emulsion,
and 0.2 at a coating weight of 0.2 to 0.7 g/m^2
A photographic element comprising tethering particles having an average particle size of 0 to 0.75 microns.