JPS63232254A - Rare-earth halide light source with intensfied red light emission - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to high pressure discharge lamps, and in particular to high pressure discharge lamps with enhanced red emission.

A high-pressure discharge lamp containing Hg and rare earth iodide is
Commercially available and used for studio lighting11]2
ing. These light sources have a high efficiency of over 80L, PW, good color rendering properties with a CRI (color rendering index) approximately equal to 85 and a high color temperature of about 6000K. This high color temperature: comparable to photographic film. More common lighting sources are desired to have a warm color temperature of about 3000, typical of incandescent sources, while having to have the high efficiency and good color rendition of rare earth studio lamps.

The high efficiency and good color rendition of rare earth halide lamps result from both atomic and molecular emission from the arc.

Many rare earth atomic emission lines in the visible region of the spectrum originate from the central core of the arc. Molecular emission from rare earth subhalides generated from the outer shell of the arc overlaps with the atomic emission spectrum. The radiation from rare earth halide sources is poor in red compared to blue and green, resulting in a high color temperature.

One way to lower bamboo color temperature is to add alkali atoms such as sodium or lithium. These are added as iodides to reduce reaction with the lamp envelope.

The discharge typically contains cesium iodide to provide an atomic source with a lower ionization potential to widen the arc and stabilize the arc (ionization potential of cesium = 3.9 eV). . Ionized cesium provides the electrons necessary to sustain the discharge and reduces cesium neutral emission in the IR, which reduces lamp efficiency. Ionization of cesium also reduces the degree of ionization of rare earth atoms. This is desirable because maximizing rare earth neutral atoms increases visible light. Addition of sodium alone lowers color temperature and increases efficiency, but this is at the expense of color rendering. Sodium emission is primarily located at 590 nm and tends to compromise certain spectral characteristics. In addition, the addition of sodium
The higher ionization potential of sodium compared to cesium increases the ratio of rare earth ions to neutrals. Addition of lithium results in emission at 671 nm. Although the emission from this line lowers the color temperature, the emission is far outside of photoresponsiveness and efficiency is reduced.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a novel electroded high-pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red light emission comprises an outer envelope, a base, a refractory inner envelope, an inner refractory envelope support. frame, 2
one electrode, a fill gas and electrical connection means. The fill gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halides, alkali halides, rare earth halides, and inert gases. Calcium halides, alkali halides, and rare earth halides exclude fluoride. The fill gas is contained within the refractory inner envelope. The fireproof inner envelope, support frame and electrical connection means are housed within the outer envelope. The base is connected to the outer envelope and the electrical connection means. Electrical connection means are connected to the base, the refractory inner envelope and the electrode.

According to another aspect of the invention, a novel electroded high pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red light emission includes an outer envelope, a base, a refractory inner envelope, an inner refractory envelope support frame,
6tfl with two electrodes, filling gas as well as electrical connection means
I can do it. The fill gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halides, sodium halides, rare earth halides and inert gases. Calcium halides, sodium halides and rare earth halides exclude fluoride. The fill gas is contained within the refractory inner envelope.

The fireproof inner envelope, support frame and electrical connection means are housed within the outer envelope. The base is connected to the outer envelope and the electrical connection means. Electrical connection means are connected to the base, the inner transparent envelope and the electrodes.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a novel electrodeless high pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red emission includes a refractory inner envelope containing a fill gas. The fill gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halides, alkali halides, rare earth halides and inert gases. Calcium halides, alkali halides, and rare earth halides exclude fluoride. The fill gas is contained within the refractory inner envelope.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a novel electrodeless high pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red light emission includes a refractory inner envelope containing a fill gas. The fill gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halides, sodium halides, rare earth halides and inert gases. Calcium halides, sodium halides and rare earth halides exclude fluoride. The fill gas is contained within the refractory inner envelope.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a high-pressure discharge lamp 1 with electrodes as a specific example of the present invention. The electroded high-pressure discharge lamp 1 comprises a generally tube-shaped vitreous outer envelope 2 with a central bulge 3 . The outer envelope 2 is formed with a recessed stem 4 at its ends, the recessed stem 4 having relatively rigid drop-in lines 5 and 6.
It has a crimp part that penetrates. The drop-in wires 5 and 6 are connected at their outer ends to the electrical contacts of a conventional screw base 7 and at their inner ends to the arc tube 8.
and is connected to the harness 9.

The arc tube 8 is generally made of quartz, although other base materials such as alumina, ittria or Vycor may also be used. Vycor is a glass of virtually pure silica. Inside the arc tube 8, there are main discharge electrodes l at both ends.
O and 11 are sealed and supported by lead wires 12 and 13, respectively. Main electrodes 10 and 11
each includes a vine core portion made of an extension of drop wires 12 and 13 and made of a suitable metal, such as molybdenum or tungsten. The extensions of the drop wires 12 and 13 are surrounded by molybdenum or tungsten wire helices.

An auxiliary starting probe or commutator 14, generally made of tantalum or tungsten, is provided at the base of the arc tube 8 adjacent the main electrode 11 and also comprises the inwardly projecting end of another drop wire 15.

Each of the current lead-in wires is welded at its end to an intermediate foil piece made of molybdenum that is sealed within the clamping seal of the arc tube 8. For example, the foil pieces are very thin.

For example, it is approximately 0.0008" thick and remains taut when pulled into a heated arc tube without breaking or scaling off. Relatively short molybdenum wires 15, 16 and 17 are welded to the outer ends of the foil strips. and serves to conduct current to various electrodes inside the arc tube.

Insulators 18 and 19 cover drop wires 15 and 16, respectively, to prevent electrical shorts between drop wires 15 and 16. Molybdenum foil strips 2Q and 21 are lead-in wires 15
and welded to 16. Molybdenum foil strip 21 is welded to resistor 22, which in turn is welded to arc tube harness 9. The register 22 is, for example, 40.
000 Ω and during normal starting of the lamp the interpole 1
It serves to limit the current to 4. The molybdenum foil strip 20 is welded directly to the rigid drop wire 5.

The drop wire 17 is welded at one end to a piece of foil strip that is sealed within the arc tube. The other end of the foil strip piece is welded to a lead-in wire 12 which is welded to the main electrode 1o. The molybdenum foil strip 23 is connected to the drop wire 17 at one end.
and at the other end to harness portion 24 . The flat clamped ends of the arc tube 8 form a seal of any desired width, which can be created by flattening or crimping the ends of the arc tube during heating. .

A harness or U-shaped internal wiring support assembly 9 is attached to the arc tube 8.
It serves to maintain the posture of the body substantially coaxially with the envelope body 2.

In order to support the arc tube 8 within the envelope 2, the drop wire 6 is welded to the base 25 of the harness 9. Since rigid drop lines 5 and 6 are connected to both sides of the power line, these
They must be traveled to each other and to the members associated with each of them.

5 clamps 26 and 2 fixed to both legs 28 of harness 9
7 hold the arc tube at both ends. Harness part 2
4 is fixed thereto by welding to bridge the free end of the harness 9 and provide stability to the structure. Also provided at the free end of the harness 9 is a pair of temporary springs 29 made of gold ash that rub against the upper tube portion of the lamp envelope 2 . A thermal shield 30 is positioned below the arc tube 8 and above the resistor to protect the resistor from excess heat generated during lamp operation.

The arc tube 8 is filled with a filling gas consisting essentially of mercury, a rare earth halide, a calcium halide, an alkali halide, and an inert gas. Rare earths include La, Ce, and Pr.

Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ha
, Er, Tm, Yb, 1, U and mixtures thereof. Halides, excluding fluoride, are based on those selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and mixtures thereof. The inert gas is selected from the group consisting of neon, argon, krypton, xenon and mixtures thereof. The alkali halide is selected from the group consisting of halides of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and mixtures thereof. The calcium halide is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide and mixtures thereof. The filling jf of the invention is used not only in electrode lamps but also in electrodeless lamps.

One particular fill gas in the present invention consists essentially of mercury, argon, and halides of cerium, thulium, cesium, sodium, and calcium. Another fill gas in the present invention consists essentially of mercury, argon, and cerium, thulium, sodium, and calcium halides. Yet another fill gas in the present invention consists essentially of mercury, argon, and halides of cerium, thulium, cesium, and calcium.

In FIG. 2, the emission spectrum from an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp containing a gas filling consisting of mercury, cerium heptaiodide, thulium iodide, cesium iodide and argon is shown. The emission spectrum shown in FIG. 2 has poor red color rendering. However, in FIG. 3 according to the invention,
The emission spectrum from an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp containing a fill gas comprising calcium iodide in addition to mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, cesium iodide and argon is shown, which has a good f The emission spectrum shown in Figure 3 has increased emission in the 620 to 650 nm region, resulting in -N warmer color temperature and red color rendering compared to the emission spectrum shown in Figure 2. The spectrum of the lamp with electrodes is similar.

In FIG. 4 according to the present invention, mercury, cerium iodide,
The emission spectrum from an electrodeless high pressure discharge lamp containing a fill gas comprising calcium iodide and sodium iodide in addition to thulium iodide and argon is shown. This lamp also has increased emission in the 620 to 650 nm region, resulting in a warmer color temperature and increased red color rendering. The spectrum of lamps with electrodes is similar.

FIG. 5 shows a specific example of an electrodeless high-pressure discharge device according to the present invention. FIG. 5 shows an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp 32 having a discharge chamber 33 made of a translucent material such as quartz. The discharge chamber 33 houses a volatile filling substance 34 . Volatile filling substances 34 of the discharge chamber 33 include mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, cesium iodide, calcium iodide and argon, and also include mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, sodium iodide, Contains calcium iodide and argon.

The RF coupling device is arranged around the discharge chamber 33 and
It includes a spiral coil electric bridge 35 attached to the q fitting 36. A grounded conductive mesh 37 surrounds the discharge chamber 33 and the helical coil electrode 35 to provide an outer electrode transparent to radiation from the discharge chamber 33. The helical coil electrode 35 and the grounded conductive mesh 37 are suitable It is coupled to a high frequency power source 40 by a coaxial array 38,39. A radio frequency electric field is aligned with the helical axis of the helical coil electrode 35 and directed primarily in the axial direction, causing an arc to form within the discharge chamber 33.

As used herein, the term "high frequency"
It is intended to include frequencies within the general range of 100 MHz to 300 MHz. Preferably, the frequency is in the ISM band (i.e., industrial, scientific and medical) in the range 902-928 MHz.
) in the band.

A particularly preferred frequency is 915 MHz. One of the many commercially available power supplies that can be used is the AILTech
Power Signal 5source, type
It is 125.

Visible light is generated by the arc discharge occurring within the lamp, as represented by the emission spectra shown in Figures 2.3 and 4. Details of the construction of this general type of device are shown in US Pat. No. 4,178,534.

The emission spectrum generated by the addition of calcium iodide is efficiently generated in the rare earth halide discharge and, like the rare earth subhalide, originates from the envelope of the discharge. There are relatively few atomic calcium emission lines in the visible band (the strongest is at 423 nm), so atomic calcium emission does not significantly alter the original emission spectrum of the discharge. In addition, since the ionization potential of calcium at 6.1 eV is sufficiently high, ionization of calcium hardly occurs.

The vapor pressures of all rare earth iodides are very close at 1100 K and the temperature dependence of their vapor pressures is similar. It is thus also possible to use some rare earth iodides in lamps and derive additional properties from their emission. Lamps containing rare earth halide additives must be operated at higher wall loads and subsequently higher wall temperatures than lamps containing volatile metal halides. The vapor pressure of calcium iodide is similar to that of rare earth iodides. Therefore, the addition of calcium iodide to the lamp does not require a change in the wall loading of the rare earth-containing lamp. High wall temperatures risk increasing wall reactions and shortening lamp life. However, both electrodeless and electrode lamps made of quartz and containing a fill gas as described above have operated successfully for hundreds of hours. Lamp with electrodes lasts 800 hours? tested in These lamps also started easily and repeatedly. Other encapsulation materials, such as alumina or ittria, designed for operation at higher temperatures than quartz, could also be used to increase the operating life of the power supply.

The materials described here can also be applied to ceramic encapsulations.

Metal iodides are usually used as additives in high-pressure discharge lamps because their vapor pressure is higher than the corresponding bromides or chlorides. When only atomic emission develops from the discharge, there is no benefit to using different halides. However, when molecular emission is present, another halide or mixture of halides will bias the molecular emission and change the color properties of the lamp in the desired direction. this is,
This is the case for rare earths and calcium halides. Emission from calcium monobromide and -chloride is in the wavelength band of 600 to 640 nm, similar to calcium iodide. Therefore, CaX (X represents a halide atom)
should be a good red emitter regardless of which halides are present in the lamp.

The addition of CaL and NaI is more effective in improving the desirable color properties of rare earth lamps than the addition of NaT alone. Na spectrum at 590 nm (yellow)
There is a tendency to make the 01 line weaker, and the wider 01 line produces red light. This typically results in decreased color temperature and increased efficiency in color rendering performance. More red is added by CaX in visually sensitive areas. The addition of a small amount of Nal increases the efficiency, decreases the color temperature, and even increases the color rendering index CRI in the presence of Ca12 as shown in Table II.

Example Table ■ summarizes the lamps labeled as Types B and C. Type “B charge 1 Shin gas is
Hg, Cel5. Tml5. Ca1z, CsI
and A". Type C fill gas contains) Ig, C
e15. Tm1x, Ca1z.

Contains NaI and Ar.

Table II illustrates a specific example of a lamp having the Type B fill gas shown in Table 1. Efficiency, color temperature, color rendering index CRI, wall temperature, fill gas type, wall loading and additive molar ratio are listed.

Table ■ illustrates lamp data from lamps made using the Type C fill gas shown in Table 1.

Table ■ illustrates lamp data from lamps made using Type B fill gas. Lamp performance as a function of rare earth concentration is shown.

Table V provides exemplary lamp data from lamps made using Type B fill gas. Lamp performance as a function of mercury concentration is shown.

Table ■ shows the reproducibility of lamp performance for the optimized Type B fill gas.

Table ■ shows 60 using type B and type C filling gas.
Lamp data for a quartz lamp with electrodes at Hz is illustrated.

Rare earth metal halide overview (buffer gas pressure filling gas Hg Cel3 Tml
3 types height 11.0 4.0
4.0 preferred 9.0 2.
5 2.5 most preferred 7.0
1.0 1.0 preferred 4.
0 0.5 0.5 low
1.0 0.1 0.1 high
11.0 4.0 4.0 Preferred 9,0 2.5 2.5 Most preferred 7.0 1.0 1.
0 preferred 4.0 0.5
0.5 low 1.0 0.1
0.1 nbu filling gas range (mg/cm3) torr unit) CaIz CsI NaI Ar A
With rRF electrode 13.6 4.8 10.0 6
08.5 3.0 7.5 5
03.4 1.2 5.0 4
51.8 0.6 2.8 1
50.3 0.10.5 10 13.6 - 11.2 10.0 6
08.5 7.0 7.5 5
03.4 2.8 5.0 4
51.8 1.4 2.8 1
50.3 - 0.1 0.5 10
Rare earth metal RF quartz lamp efficiency color temperature performance
Color Wall Temperature Fighter η Tea
CRI [℃] [nm/Wl [
K] Ra86-054 76.8
2917 84.97 >110086-053
77.3 3776 85.38
>110086-044 87.6 352
8 81.85 110086-043 8
8.3 4043 84.75 >110
086-042 91.6 4072 8
5.79 >1100 The above data shows lamp performance as a function of sodium concentration.

・Overview of the compound lamp ・Nbuju 1 Shingas Calcium Alkali Alkali Wall load type RE RE
Additive θ[W/cm21 C[Na]3.06 8.2 2,0
40.7G 3.06
3.69 0.90 40.9G
306 4.92 1.20
40.6G 3.06 2.46
0.60 40.5C3,061,23
0,3041,4 Quartz lamp with rare earth metal halo electrode Efficiency Color temperature Color rendering Wall temperature adult fish η Tea
CRI ['C] [am/Wl
[Kko Ra86-034 105
4613 83.4 - The low wall load is due to the evacuated outer envelope.

Genride lamp overview (60Hz) Filling gas Calcium Alkali Alkaline Wall load type RE RE
Additive θ[W/cm21 C3,064,921,2025,8 B 3.06 4.92 1.
20 25.9 Plate L Vertical The present invention provides a novel high pressure discharge lamp that combines the desirable properties of high efficiency, good color rendering and warm color temperature. The lamp of the invention is an excellent light source for highly membrane-based lighting, especially for applications requiring high color rendering, such as department store lighting.

Although the present invention has been specifically described above, it should be noted that various modifications can be made within the spirit of the present invention.

4-T's 4. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a high pressure discharge lamp according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows Hg/Cel5/Tml3/CsI and A
Figure 2 shows the emission spectrum of an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp with a filling gas of .

FIG. 3 shows Hg/Ce13/Tm13 according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the emission spectrum of an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp containing a fill gas comprising /Csl and A'' plus Cah.

FIG. 4 shows i4g/CeI377Tm according to the present invention.
1 shows the emission spectrum of an electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp containing a fill gas comprising Ca1z and Nal in addition to 13 and Ar;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrodeless high-pressure discharge device according to the present invention.

1: High pressure discharge lamp with electrode 2: Outer envelope 4: Recessed stem 5.6: Lead wire 7: Base 8: Arc tube 9: Harness 10.11: Main electrode 12.13: Lead wire 14: Complementary pole 15.16.17: Molybdenum wire 20.21.23: Molybdenum foil strip 32: Electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp 33, discharge chamber 34: Filling material 35: Spiral coil 36, mounting tool 37: Conductive mesh 38.39: Concentric array 40: Names of high-frequency power supply representatives Motohiro Kurauchi and Hiroshi Kazama J-> ・F”iq, i.

Do (1-) F”ig, 4゜

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) An electroded high-pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red light emission, comprising: an outer envelope, a base, a refractory inner envelope, an inner refractory envelope support frame, two electrodes, a filling gas and electrical connection means, and the fill gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halides, alkali halides, rare earth halides, and an inert gas (with the proviso that calcium halides, alkali halides, and rare earth halides do not contain fluoride); ), the fill gas is contained within the refractory inner envelope, the refractory inner envelope, the support frame and the electrical connection means are contained within the outer envelope, and the base is contained within the outer envelope and connected to an electrical connection means, the electrical connection means comprising:
A high-pressure discharge lamp, characterized in that it is connected to a base, a refractory inner envelope and an electrode. 2) A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the filling gas consists essentially of mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, cesium iodide, calcium iodide and argon. 3) Filling gas substantially contains about 1.0-11.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.1-11.0 mg/cm^3
4.0mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.1-4
．． 0mg/cm^3 of thulium iodide about 0.3-13.
6 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approximately 0.1-4.
8 mg/cm^3 of cesium iodide, and about 10-60
3. A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2, comprising Torr argon. 4) The filling gas substantially contains about 4.0 to 9.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.5 to 2.5 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, and about 0.5 to 2.5 mg/cm. ^3 Thulium iodide approx.
8-8.5 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approx.
6-3.0 mg/cm^3 of cesium iodide, and about 1
3. A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2, comprising argon at 5 to 50 Torr. 5) The filling gas is essentially about 7.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 1.0 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 1.0 m
g/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 3.4 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approximately 1.2
mg/cm^3 of cesium iodide and about 45 Torr
A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 2, comprising argon. 6) A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the halogen of the calcium halide, alkali halide and rare earth halide is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and mixtures thereof. 7) Filling gas substantially contains mercury, calcium halide,
A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, comprising sodium halide, a rare earth halide, and an inert gas. 8) A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 7, wherein the filling gas consists essentially of mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, sodium iodide, calcium iodide and argon. 9) Filling gas substantially contains about 1.0-11.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.1-11.0 mg/cm^3
4.0mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.1-4
．． 0mg/cm^3 of thulium iodide about 0.3-13.
6mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, about 0.1-11
．． 9. A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 8, comprising 2 mg/cm^3 of sodium iodide and about 10 to 60 Torr of argon. 10) Filling gas substantially contains about 4.0-9.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3 ^3 Thulium iodide approx.
8-8.5 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approx.
9. The high pressure discharge lamp of claim 8 comprising 4 to 7.0 mg/cm^3 of sodium iodide and about 15 to 50 Torr of argon. 11) The filling gas is essentially about 7.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 1.0 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 1.0 m
g/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 3.4mg/cm^
9. The high pressure discharge lamp of claim 8, comprising: 3% calcium iodide, about 2.8 mg/cm^3 sodium iodide, and about 45 Torr argon. 12) A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 7, wherein the halogens of calcium halide, sodium halide and rare earth halide are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and mixtures thereof. 13) An electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp with enhanced red light emission and a refractory inner envelope containing a fill gas, the fill gas consisting essentially of mercury, calcium halides, alkali halides, rare earth halides, and Consists of inert gas (
Electrodeless high-pressure discharge lamp, characterized in that the filling gas is contained in a refractory inner envelope. 14) A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the filling gas consists essentially of mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, cesium iodide, calcium iodide and argon. 15) Filling gas substantially contains about 1.0-11.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.1-11.0 mg/cm^3
4.0mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.1-4
．． 0mg/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 0.3-13
．． 6mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approximately 0.1-4
8 mg/cm^3 of cesium iodide, and about 0.5-1
15. A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 14, comprising argon at 0.0 Torr. 16) The filling gas substantially contains about 4.0-9.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, and about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3. ^3 Thulium iodide, approx.
．． 8-8.5 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approx. 0
．． 6 to 3.0 mg/cm3 of cesium iodide, and about 2
．． 15. A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 14, comprising argon at 8 to 7.5 Torr. 17) The filling gas is essentially about 7.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 1.0 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 1.0 m
g/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 3.4mg/cm^
15. The high-pressure discharge lamp of claim 14, comprising about 3% calcium iodide, about 1.2 mg/cm^3 cesium iodide, and about 5.0 Torr argon. 18) A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 13, wherein the halogens of the calcium halides, alkali halides and rare earth halides are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and mixtures thereof. 19) A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 13, wherein the filling gas consists essentially of mercury, calcium halide, sodium halide, rare earth halide and an inert gas. 20) A high-pressure discharge lamp according to claim 19, wherein the filling gas consists essentially of mercury, cerium iodide, thulium iodide, sodium iodide, calcium iodide and argon. 21) Filling gas substantially contains about 1.0-11.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.1-11.0 mg/cm^3
4.0mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.1-4
．． 0mg/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 0.3-13
．． 6mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, about 0.1-1
21. The high pressure discharge lamp of claim 20 comprising 1.2 mg/cm^3 of sodium iodide and about 0.5 to 10.0 Torr of argon. 22) The filling gas is substantially comprised of: about 4.0-9.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 0.5-2.5 mg/cm^3 ^3 Thulium iodide, approx.
．． 8-8.5 mg/cm^3 of calcium iodide, approx.
．． 21. The high pressure discharge lamp of claim 20 comprising 4 to 7.0 mg/cm^3 of sodium iodide and about 2.8 to 7.5 Torr of argon. 23) The filling gas is essentially about 7.0 mg/cm^3 of mercury, about 1.0 mg/cm^3 of cerium iodide, about 1.0 m
g/cm^3 of thulium iodide, approximately 3.4mg/cm^
21. The high pressure discharge lamp of claim 20, comprising: 3% calcium iodide, about 2.8 mg/cm^3 sodium iodide, and about 5.0 Torr argon. 24) A high pressure discharge lamp according to claim 19, wherein the halogens of calcium halide, sodium halide and rare earth halide are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and mixtures thereof.