JPS63195969A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63195969A JPS63195969A JP62026724A JP2672487A JPS63195969A JP S63195969 A JPS63195969 A JP S63195969A JP 62026724 A JP62026724 A JP 62026724A JP 2672487 A JP2672487 A JP 2672487A JP S63195969 A JPS63195969 A JP S63195969A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel gas
- fuel
- concentration
- stack
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
イ）産業上の利用分野
本発明は燃料ガスとして天然ガスやメタノールを改質し
た水素リッチガスを用いる燃料電池、特にセル積重数の
多い電池における燃料ガスの分配制御に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to fuel cells that use hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming natural gas or methanol as fuel gas, and in particular to fuel gas distribution control in batteries with a large number of stacked cells. It is something.
口）従来技術
周知の如く前記改質燃料ガスの組成はＨ２：Ｃ０２Φ８
０．２０容積％であり、電池に供給された燃料ガスはＨ
２成分のみを消費するので、電池出口側燃料ガスのＣＯ
２濃度が高く電池スタック下部に向って燃料ガスの比重
が大きくなる。それゆえスタックの上下における入口側
と出口側間の差圧は、上部で大きく下部で小さくなり、
その結果燃料ガス流量は上部で犬、下部で小となる。こ
の傾向はスタックが高くなるにつれ、又作動圧力があが
るにつれ顕著になり、スタックの上下で燃料ガス流量の
不均一が生ずる。) As is well known in the prior art, the composition of the reformed fuel gas is H2:C02Φ8
0.20% by volume, and the fuel gas supplied to the battery was H
Since only two components are consumed, CO in the fuel gas on the battery outlet side is
2 concentration is high and the specific gravity of the fuel gas increases toward the bottom of the battery stack. Therefore, the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet sides at the top and bottom of the stack is large at the top and small at the bottom,
As a result, the fuel gas flow rate is small at the top and small at the bottom. This tendency becomes more pronounced as the stack becomes taller and the operating pressure increases, causing non-uniformity in the fuel gas flow rate above and below the stack.
このような燃料ガス配分の不均一を抑えるためにマニホ
ルドの形状改善などが行われているが、広い作動圧力や
電流値の範囲で常に均一な燃料ガス分配を達成すること
が難しかった。Improvements in the shape of the manifold have been made to suppress such unevenness in fuel gas distribution, but it has been difficult to consistently achieve uniform fuel gas distribution over a wide range of operating pressures and current values.
ハ）発明が解決しようとする問題点
この発明は積重セル数の多い電池スタックに積重方向全
体に亘り燃料ガス流量分布を均一化して前記問題点を解
消するものである。C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention solves the above problems by making the fuel gas flow rate distribution uniform throughout the stacking direction in a battery stack having a large number of stacked cells.
二）問題点を解決するための手段
この発明は燃料ガスとして炭化水素燃料を改質した水素
リッチガスを用いる燃料電池シこおいて、電池スタック
の少くとも上中下部における出口側燃料ガス中の各ＣＯ
２’ａ度を検出し、この各検出信号と入口側燃料ガス中
のＣＯ２′ａ度からスタック出口側各部における燃料利
用率を演算し、基準利用率からの偏差に応して電池スタ
ックの少くとも上中下部への燃料ガス供給量を調節せし
めることを特徴とするものである。2) Means for Solving the Problems This invention provides a fuel cell using hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming a hydrocarbon fuel as fuel gas. C.O.
2'a degree is detected, and the fuel utilization rate at each part on the stack outlet side is calculated from each detection signal and the CO2'a degree in the fuel gas on the inlet side. Both are characterized by adjusting the amount of fuel gas supplied to the upper, middle and lower parts.
ホ）作用
この発明では燃料ガスの入口側Ｃ０２ｆ１１度と出口側
各部の検出されたＣＯ２濃度とから、電池スタック出口
側各部の燃料利用率を演算して各部の利用率が一定にな
るよう燃料ガス供給量を制御し′ ているので、特に高
いスタックの上部から下部に向って燃料ガス流量の低下
する傾向を補償し、いかなる作動条件下においても適正
な流量分布が得られ、電池性能を向上することができる
。E) Function In this invention, the fuel utilization rate of each part on the cell stack outlet side is calculated from the C02F11 degrees on the inlet side of the fuel gas and the CO2 concentration detected at each part on the outlet side, and the fuel gas is Since the supply amount is controlled, it compensates for the tendency of the fuel gas flow rate to decrease, especially from the top to the bottom of a tall stack, ensuring proper flow distribution under any operating conditions and improving cell performance. be able to.
ヘン 実施例 本発明の実施例を図について説明する。Hen Example Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
電池スタック（１）に取付けた入口側マニホルドく２）
への燃料ガス供給は、スタック上中下部に配管（３）を
３つに分岐許せた各分岐’ｉ？（４）より流量調整バル
ブ（５）を介して行われる。入口側マニホルド（２）は
スタック上中下部・−の燃料ガス供給かはｙ個別に行え
るよう内部を仕切板く６）で３一つに区分している。配
管（３）には改質器く図示せず〉から供給される燃料ガ
スの採取管（７）を有し、又スタック上中下部に夫々代
表セルを決めてこれらセルの燃料ガスチャンネルの出口
もしくは出口付近に排燃料ガスの各採取管（８）を挿入
もしくは配置している。第２図に採取箇所の概略を示し
、ガス分離板（９）の燃料ガスチャンネル（１０）は採
取管（８）が挿入できるよう巾広としている。Inlet side manifold attached to battery stack (1) 2)
Fuel gas is supplied to each branch 'i?' which allows piping (3) to be branched into three at the top, middle and bottom of the stack. (4) via the flow rate adjustment valve (5). The inlet side manifold (2) is divided into three parts by a partition plate 6) so that fuel gas can be supplied to the upper, middle, and lower parts of the stack and -y separately. The piping (3) has a sampling pipe (7) for the fuel gas supplied from the reformer (not shown), and representative cells are determined at the top, middle and bottom of the stack, respectively, and the outlets of the fuel gas channels of these cells are determined. Alternatively, exhaust fuel gas sampling pipes (8) are inserted or arranged near the outlet. Figure 2 shows an outline of the sampling location, and the fuel gas channel (10) of the gas separation plate (9) is wide enough to allow insertion of the sampling tube (8).
これら採取管（８）はフッ素樹脂チューブよりなり出口
側マニホルド（１１）を気密的に貫通し、供給燃料ガス
の採取管（７）と共にＣＯ２分析装ｆ［（１２＞に接続
されている。燃料ガスの採取は電池負荷の変動などの作
動条件が変化した場合に随時行われる。These sampling tubes (8) are made of fluororesin tubes, pass through the outlet side manifold (11) in an airtight manner, and are connected to the CO2 analyzer f[(12>) together with the supply fuel gas sampling tube (7). Gas sampling is performed whenever operating conditions change, such as changes in battery load.
燃料ガス中のＣＯ２は電池反応に対し不活性で、燃料ガ
スの組成は、電池反応によりＮ２が消費され℃出口側の
ｃｏ２′ａ度が増大する。この００２？＃度を採取管（
８）で検出し分析装置（１２）で同時に分析する。この
分析値を演算装置（１３）に入力し次式を用いて各部代
表セルの燃料利用率（ｙ）が算出される。CO2 in the fuel gas is inert to the cell reaction, and the composition of the fuel gas is such that N2 is consumed by the cell reaction and the degree of CO2'a on the outlet side increases. This 002? #Collection tube (
8) and simultaneously analyzed by the analyzer (12). This analysis value is input to the arithmetic unit (13), and the fuel utilization rate (y) of each representative cell is calculated using the following formula.
燃料ガス供給量：ｘ。Fuel gas supply amount: x.
採取時の′を流における理論燃料ガスｇｋ：Ｌ燃料ガス
入口部のＣＯ２濃度：ａ（容積％〉／／ 出口部
ｔｔ Ｈｂｎ（／’）（ｎ＝１．２．３の整数
）
とすれば
ｘａ＝（ｘ−Ｌ）ｂ−＋ｘ＝Ｌｂｎ／（ｂｎ−ａ）７２
− Ｌ／（１−ａ ）ｘ−（ｂｎ−ａ ）／（１−ａ
）ｂｎＸｌｏｏこの式より夫々算出されたスタック上中
下各部の燃料利用率＜ｚｎ）は、基準利用率（７０〜８
０％）と比較されその偏差値は演算装置（１３）より制
御信号（１４）として分岐管（４）の各流量調整バルブ
（５〉に入力される。偏差値が十のときく流量小）バル
ブ（５）を開く方向に、偏差値が−のときく流量大）バ
ルブ（５）を絞る一方向に、夫々バルブの開度を調整す
るという制御ループで、スタック上中下部への燃料ガス
供給量が均一化される。Theoretical fuel gas gk in the flow ' at the time of collection: L CO2 concentration at the fuel gas inlet: a (volume %) // Outlet
tt Hbn (/') (n = integer of 1.2.3) then xa = (x-L)b-+x = Lbn/(bn-a)72
- L/(1-a)x-(bn-a)/(1-a
) bn
0%), and the deviation value is input from the calculation device (13) as a control signal (14) to each flow rate adjustment valve (5>) of the branch pipe (4).When the deviation value is 10, the flow rate is small) In the control loop, the opening degree of each valve is adjusted in the direction in which the valve (5) is opened (when the deviation value is -, the flow rate is large) and in the direction in which the valve (5) is throttled. Supply amount is equalized.
かくて電池の作動条件が変化しても短時間で電池スタッ
クの上下に亘り均一な燃料ガスの分配が達成される。In this way, uniform fuel gas distribution across the top and bottom of the cell stack can be achieved in a short period of time even if the cell operating conditions change.
尚酸化剤ガスとして用いられる空気の組成は（０２：Ｎ
２４２０：８０容積％）Ｔあッテ、０２とＮ２とは前記
燃料ガスのＮ２とＣＯ２のように比重に大きな差がない
ため、Ｃ２が消費された出口側の上下でガス比重に差を
生ずることがなく、従ってスタックの入口出口間の差圧
にもとづく流量の不均一を生ずるおそれがない。よって
本発明のような燃料ガスの供給制御を必要とし？い。The composition of the air used as the oxidant gas is (02:N
2420:80% by volume) T, 02 and N2 do not have a large difference in specific gravity like the fuel gas N2 and CO2, so there is a difference in gas specific gravity above and below the outlet side where C2 is consumed. Therefore, there is no risk of non-uniformity in flow rate due to differential pressure between the inlet and outlet of the stack. Therefore, is it necessary to control the supply of fuel gas as in the present invention? stomach.
ト）発明の効果
本発明によれば、燃料ガスの電池スタック入口（５１Ｃ
Ｏ２濃度と出口側各部のｃｏ濃度から、燃料利用率を演
算して各部の利用率が一定になるよう燃料ガス供給量を
制御しているので、積重セル数の多い高スタックの上部
から下部に向って流量が順次低下する傾向を補償し、い
かなる作動条件下においても適正な流量分配が行われ、
均一で高い燃料利用率での電池作動が達成される。g) Effects of the invention According to the invention, the fuel gas cell stack inlet (51C
The fuel utilization rate is calculated from the O2 concentration and the CO concentration of each part on the outlet side, and the fuel gas supply amount is controlled so that the utilization rate of each part is constant. It compensates for the tendency for the flow rate to gradually decrease towards
Cell operation with uniform and high fuel utilization is achieved.
第１図は本発明燃料電池の燃料ガス供給制御システムを
示す概要図、第２図は同上の要部拡大斜面図である。
１：電池スタック、２．１１：マニホルド、４：分岐管
、５：流量調整バルブ、６：仕切板、７゜８：採取管（
燃料ガス入口側及び出口側）、１２：００２分析装置、
１３：演算装置、１４：制御信号。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel gas supply control system for a fuel cell according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the main parts of the same. 1: Battery stack, 2.11: Manifold, 4: Branch pipe, 5: Flow rate adjustment valve, 6: Partition plate, 7° 8: Collection pipe (
fuel gas inlet side and outlet side), 12:002 analyzer,
13: Arithmetic device, 14: Control signal.
Claims (2)
チガスを用いる燃料電池であって、電池スタック出口側
の少くとも上中下部における排燃料ガス中の各ＣＯ＿２
濃度及び前記スタック入口側燃料ガス中のＣＯ＿２濃度
を検出する分析装置と、前記ＣＯ＿２濃度からスタック
各部における燃料利用率を算出する演算装置と、演算さ
れた前記利用率の基準利用率からの偏差値にもとづき電
池スタッックの少くとも上中下部への燃料ガス供給量を
制御する手段とを備えることを特徴とする燃料電池(1) A fuel cell that uses hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming hydrocarbon fuel as fuel gas, and each CO_2 in the exhaust fuel gas at least in the upper, middle, and lower portions of the cell stack exit side.
an analyzer that detects the CO_2 concentration and the CO_2 concentration in the stack inlet side fuel gas; a calculation device that calculates the fuel utilization rate in each part of the stack from the CO_2 concentration; and a deviation value of the calculated utilization rate from a reference utilization rate. 1. A fuel cell characterized by comprising: means for controlling the amount of fuel gas supplied to at least the upper, middle and lower parts of a battery stack based on the invention.
部分に対応して少くとも上中下部に区分されていること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池(2) The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the inlet side manifold of the cell stack is divided into at least upper, middle and lower parts corresponding to the detection portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62026724A JPS63195969A (en) | 1987-02-06 | 1987-02-06 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62026724A JPS63195969A (en) | 1987-02-06 | 1987-02-06 | Fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63195969A true JPS63195969A (en) | 1988-08-15 |
Family
ID=12201274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62026724A Pending JPS63195969A (en) | 1987-02-06 | 1987-02-06 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63195969A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677073A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1997-10-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell generator and method of the same |
| NL1003042C2 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-07 | Stichting Energie | Method for determining the flow rate of reactants in each cell of an electrochemical cell stack. |
-
1987
- 1987-02-06 JP JP62026724A patent/JPS63195969A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677073A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1997-10-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell generator and method of the same |
| NL1003042C2 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-07 | Stichting Energie | Method for determining the flow rate of reactants in each cell of an electrochemical cell stack. |
| WO1997042674A1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-13 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method for determining the flow rate of reactants in each cell of an electrochemical cell stack |
| US6162557A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2000-12-19 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method for determining the flow rate of reactants in each cell of an electrochemical cell stack |
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