JPS63187267A - Electrifying device - Google Patents
Electrifying deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63187267A JPS63187267A JP1848487A JP1848487A JPS63187267A JP S63187267 A JPS63187267 A JP S63187267A JP 1848487 A JP1848487 A JP 1848487A JP 1848487 A JP1848487 A JP 1848487A JP S63187267 A JPS63187267 A JP S63187267A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- photoconductive layer
- voltage
- layer
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017000 As2Se3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 a-3e Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
- G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
- G03G15/0241—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing charging powder particles into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. by means of a magnetic brush
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/02—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge
- G03G2215/021—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge by contact, friction or induction
- G03G2215/022—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge by contact, friction or induction using a magnetic brush
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、電子写真記録の帯電手段において、低電圧
で光導電層を帯電させる装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a device for charging a photoconductive layer with a low voltage in a charging means for electrophotographic recording.
〔従来の技術）
従来、電子写真記録で用いられている帯電手段として、
コロナ帯電法がある。この方法は、細いワイヤに数千ボ
ルトの電圧を印加するとワイヤ近傍の空気分子が強い電
界のためイオン化され、イオンが光導電層表面に付着し
、光導電層が帯電するというものである。[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a charging means used in electrophotographic recording,
There is a corona charging method. In this method, when a voltage of several thousand volts is applied to a thin wire, air molecules near the wire are ionized due to the strong electric field, the ions attach to the surface of the photoconductive layer, and the photoconductive layer is charged.
この方法は、いくつかの問題点がある。すなわち、コロ
ナ放電に伴ないオゾン等の活性分子が発生し、この活性
分子によって光導電層等の部品が劣化したり、人体に対
しても悪影響を及ぼす。さらに、数千ボルトの高圧電源
を必要とし、高圧による危険が生じる。また、保守面で
も帯電線の汚れおよび断線の問題がつきまとう。This method has several problems. That is, active molecules such as ozone are generated as a result of corona discharge, and these active molecules deteriorate parts such as photoconductive layers and have an adverse effect on the human body. Furthermore, it requires a high-voltage power supply of several thousand volts, creating a high-voltage hazard. In addition, in terms of maintenance, problems such as dirt and disconnection of the charged wires are common.
コロナ帯電以外の帯電手段として、導電性ブラシに電圧
を印加して、光導電層に接触させて帯電する方法がある
（Ｔｈｅ Ｔｈ１ｒｄ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
Ｃｏｎｇ−ｒｅｓｓ ｏｎ Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｓ ｉｎ
Ｎｏｎｉｍｐａｃｔ Ｐｒｉｎｔｉｎｇ Ｔｅｃｈ−ｎ
ｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ、Ａｕｇｕｓｔ ２４−２８ 、
（１９８６）、ｐ１９〜２２および電子写真学会第５８
回研究会’８６ ｐ３５〜３９）。この方法は、千ボ
ルト以下の印加電圧で帯電することができるが光導電層
とブラシを接触させるため、ブラシの帯電性劣化が生じ
易い等の問題がある。As a charging method other than corona charging, there is a method of applying a voltage to a conductive brush and bringing it into contact with a photoconductive layer to charge it (The Th1rd International
Cong-ress on Advances in
Nonimpact Printing Tech-n
ologies, August 24-28,
(1986), p19-22 and Electrophotography Society No. 58
Annual Research Group '86 p35-39). This method allows charging with an applied voltage of 1,000 volts or less, but since the photoconductive layer and the brush are brought into contact, there are problems such as the brush's charging properties tend to deteriorate.
この発明の目的は、光導電層を帯電させるための高電圧
電源を必要とせず、保守性の優れた帯電装置を提供する
ことにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device that does not require a high voltage power source to charge a photoconductive layer and is easy to maintain.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
この発明にかかる帯電装置は、光導電層に近接配置され
た円筒状の導電性非磁性スリーブと、この導電性非磁性
スリーブの内部に設けられた複数の磁石を有する磁気ロ
ーラと、磁気ローラに磁気粒子を付与して形成され光導
電層に接触する磁気ブラシと、導電性非磁性スリーブと
光導電層との間に電圧を印加する電源と、磁気ローラの
回転軸に対し平行に設けられ、その先端が光導電層に接
触するプレートを備えたものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) A charging device according to the present invention includes a cylindrical conductive non-magnetic sleeve disposed close to a photoconductive layer, and a plurality of conductive non-magnetic sleeves provided inside the conductive non-magnetic sleeve. A magnetic roller having a magnet, a magnetic brush formed by applying magnetic particles to the magnetic roller and in contact with the photoconductive layer, a power source for applying a voltage between the conductive non-magnetic sleeve and the photoconductive layer, and the magnetic roller. A plate is provided parallel to the rotation axis of the photoconductive layer, and the tip of the plate is in contact with the photoconductive layer.
〔作用）
この発明においては、磁気ローラに磁気粒子を付与する
ことで形成された磁気ブラシが光導電層に接触しており
、このため導電性非磁性スリーブに印加した電圧が磁気
ブラシを介して光導電層に印加され帯電が行われる。[Function] In this invention, a magnetic brush formed by applying magnetic particles to a magnetic roller is in contact with the photoconductive layer, so that the voltage applied to the conductive non-magnetic sleeve is transmitted through the magnetic brush. A voltage is applied to the photoconductive layer to charge the photoconductive layer.
〔実施例）
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す断面略図である。こ
の図において、１は帯電器で、磁気粒子層２．導電性非
磁性スリーブ（以下車にスリーブという）３および磁気
ローラ４からなる。[Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, 1 is a charger, magnetic particle layer 2. It consists of a conductive non-magnetic sleeve (hereinafter referred to as sleeve) 3 and a magnetic roller 4.
スリーブ３には、電源５から電圧Ｅが印加されている。A voltage E is applied to the sleeve 3 from a power source 5.
磁気粒子の搬送は、スリーブ３の回転により、または磁
気ローラ４の回転により、あるいは両者の回転により行
われる。Conveyance of the magnetic particles is performed by rotation of the sleeve 3, by rotation of the magnetic roller 4, or by rotation of both.
６は感光ドラムで、例えばアルミドラムからなる導電性
支持体７と、例えばａ−Ｓｉ、ａ−３ｅ、Ａｓ２Ｓｅ３
等の光導電層８とからなる。6 is a photosensitive drum including a conductive support 7 made of, for example, an aluminum drum, and a photosensitive drum made of, for example, a-Si, a-3e, As2Se3.
It consists of a photoconductive layer 8 such as.
この光導電層８上に磁気粒子層２が接触している。９は
プレートで、帯電器１の回転軸４Ａに対し平行に配置さ
れ、その先端は光導電層８と密着接触している。プレー
ト９は絶縁性の物質からなるが、導電性の物質で構成さ
れる場合は、必要とされる帯電位とほぼ同程度の電圧を
印加して使用する。１０は現像機、１１は記録紙、１２
は導電性ローラで負の電圧が印加されている。１３はク
リーナを示す。なお、１４は前記帯電器１から飛散した
り、光導電層８に付着した磁気粒子を示し、１５は帯電
電荷、１６は光像である。A magnetic particle layer 2 is in contact with this photoconductive layer 8 . A plate 9 is arranged parallel to the rotation axis 4A of the charger 1, and its tip is in close contact with the photoconductive layer 8. The plate 9 is made of an insulating material, but if it is made of a conductive material, a voltage approximately equal to the required charged potential is applied thereto. 10 is a developing machine, 11 is a recording paper, 12
is a conductive roller to which a negative voltage is applied. 13 indicates a cleaner. Note that 14 indicates magnetic particles scattered from the charger 1 or attached to the photoconductive layer 8, 15 is a charged charge, and 16 is an optical image.
次に動作について説明する。Next, the operation will be explained.
磁気粒子層２は光導電層８と接触しているので、電源５
から電圧Ｅを印加することにより帯電電荷１５が光導電
層８に注入される。次に、例えばＬＥＤアレイ、レーザ
に光照射等によって光像１６を帯電電荷１５に照射する
と、静電潜像ができる。その後、現像機１０でトナーの
可視像を得、記録紙１１にトナー像を転写する。ここで
の転写は、導電性ローラ１２を用いた手段を用いている
が、コロナ転写を用いてもよい。転写後、光導電層８に
付着している残留トナー１７は、クリーナ１３で除去さ
れる。帯電器１の回転軸４Ａに対し平行に配置されてい
るプレート９は、光導電層８と密着接触しており、帯電
器１からの磁性粒子の飛散および帯電中に磁性粒子が光
導電層８に付着したものを取り除き磁気粒子層２に回収
する働きをする。Since the magnetic particle layer 2 is in contact with the photoconductive layer 8, the power source 5
Charges 15 are injected into the photoconductive layer 8 by applying a voltage E from . Next, when the charged charges 15 are irradiated with an optical image 16 by, for example, an LED array or laser irradiated with light, an electrostatic latent image is formed. Thereafter, a visible toner image is obtained by a developing device 10, and the toner image is transferred onto a recording paper 11. Although the transfer here uses means using the conductive roller 12, corona transfer may also be used. After the transfer, residual toner 17 adhering to photoconductive layer 8 is removed by cleaner 13. The plate 9, which is arranged parallel to the rotation axis 4A of the charger 1, is in close contact with the photoconductive layer 8, and the magnetic particles are scattered from the charger 1 and the magnetic particles are transferred to the photoconductive layer 8 during charging. The magnetic particle layer 2 functions to remove particles attached to the magnetic particles and collect them in the magnetic particle layer 2.
次に、第２図によりこの発明の帯電原理について説明す
る。なお、第２図では感光ドラム６は展開してその一部
を示してあり、また、磁性粒子として導電性のものを用
いた場合について説明する。低抵抗の磁気粒子の磁気ブ
ラシ電位はどの部分もほぼ印加する電圧Ｅと同じである
。光導電層８の表面には磁気ブラシ（磁気粒子層２）と
の接触前には電荷が存在しないため、磁気ブラシ表面と
光導電層８間または光導電層８の内部には強い電界が生
じる。その状態で磁気粒子により光導電層８を摩擦する
ことにより、容易に、電荷注入が行われ、帯電して帯電
電荷１８が形成される。光導電層８として、ａ−Ｓｅを
用い、電圧Ｅとして３００Ｖ印加した場合、２２０■以
上の帯電電位を得ることができた。Next, the charging principle of this invention will be explained with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, a part of the photosensitive drum 6 is shown expanded, and a case will be described in which conductive particles are used as the magnetic particles. The magnetic brush potential of the low-resistance magnetic particles is almost the same as the applied voltage E at any part. Since there is no charge on the surface of the photoconductive layer 8 before contact with the magnetic brush (magnetic particle layer 2), a strong electric field is generated between the magnetic brush surface and the photoconductive layer 8 or inside the photoconductive layer 8. . By rubbing the photoconductive layer 8 with the magnetic particles in this state, charge injection is easily performed, and a charged charge 18 is formed. When a-Se was used as the photoconductive layer 8 and a voltage E of 300V was applied, a charging potential of 220V or more could be obtained.
磁気粒子として、絶縁性のものを用いた場合の帯電原理
図を第３図に示す。この場合も感光ドラム６を展開して
、その一部を示しである。電圧印加されているスリーブ
３の表面と接触することにより、磁気粒子への電荷注入
が行われる。スリーブ３の回転または磁気ローラ４の回
転または両者の回転により粒子チェーン１９が回転する
ことで、各磁気粒子が一様に電荷注入を受ける。電荷注
入を受けた磁気粒子が光導電層８の表面と接触すると、
今度は光導電層８が電荷注入を受は帯電し、帯電電荷２
０が形成される。このように絶縁性の磁気粒子を使用す
る場合は、接触によって電荷が移動する。ところで、電
荷注入を受けた磁気粒子が帯電していない光導電層８と
接触すると、反転現像と同じ状態となり、磁気粒子が光
導電層８に強く付着し、磁気粒子層２の回転による掻き
取り力では十分に取り除くことができない。、これが地
汚れの原因となる。そのため、プレート９で付着粒子を
取り除くことで、地汚れを除くことができる。また、一
般の電子写真記録では、現像時に用いるトナーとして、
絶縁性トナーを用いる。FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the charging principle when insulating magnetic particles are used. In this case as well, the photosensitive drum 6 is unfolded and a portion thereof is shown. By contacting the surface of the sleeve 3 to which a voltage is applied, charge is injected into the magnetic particles. As the particle chain 19 rotates due to the rotation of the sleeve 3, the rotation of the magnetic roller 4, or the rotation of both, each magnetic particle receives charge injection uniformly. When the magnetic particles that have received charge injection come into contact with the surface of the photoconductive layer 8,
This time, the photoconductive layer 8 receives the charge injection, becomes charged, and becomes charged charge 2.
0 is formed. When insulating magnetic particles are used in this way, charges are transferred by contact. By the way, when the magnetic particles that have received charge injection come into contact with the uncharged photoconductive layer 8, a state similar to reversal development occurs, and the magnetic particles strongly adhere to the photoconductive layer 8 and are scraped off by the rotation of the magnetic particle layer 2. It cannot be removed by force. , which causes background stains. Therefore, by removing the adhered particles with the plate 9, the background dirt can be removed. In addition, in general electrophotographic recording, as toner used during development,
Use insulating toner.
ｆ電器１で用いる磁気粒子と現像［１０で用いるトナー
とを同一のものとすることによって、帯電器１にクリー
ナ１３を兼用させることができる。By making the magnetic particles used in the charger 1 and the toner used in the developer [10] the same, the charger 1 can also serve as the cleaner 13.
トナーとして導電性のものを用いた場合も、帯電器１に
クリーナ１３を兼用させることができるのももちろんで
ある。Of course, even when conductive toner is used, the charger 1 can also be used as the cleaner 13.
以上説明したように、この発明は、磁気ローラに磁気粒
子を付与して磁気ブラシを形成し、それを光導電層に接
触させて帯電させるようにしたので、数百ボルトの電圧
印加で帯電する利点がある。さらに、磁気ローラと平行
にプレートを設けることで、飛散および付着した磁気粒
子を除去することができ、記録品質に悪影響を及ぼさな
いという利点があるとともに、現像機のトナーと帯電器
の磁気粒子を同一のものにすることで、帯電器でクリー
ニングを兼用できる利点がある。As explained above, in this invention, a magnetic brush is formed by adding magnetic particles to a magnetic roller, and it is charged by bringing it into contact with a photoconductive layer, so that it can be charged by applying a voltage of several hundred volts. There are advantages. Furthermore, by providing a plate parallel to the magnetic roller, scattered and attached magnetic particles can be removed, which has the advantage of not having a negative effect on recording quality. By using the same charger, there is an advantage that the charger can also be used for cleaning.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す断面図、第２図、第
３図はこの発明の帯電原理を説明するための図である。
図中、１は帯電器、２は磁気粒子層、３はスリーブ、４
は磁気ローラ、４Ａは磁気ローラの回転軸、５は電源、
６は感光ドラム、７は導電性支持体、８は光導電層、９
はプレート、１０は現像機、１１は記録紙、１２は導電
性ローラ、１３はクリーナ、１４は飛散および付着した
磁気粒子、１５．１８．２０は帯電電荷、１６は光像、
１７は残留トナー、１９は粒子チェーンである。
第１図FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the charging principle of the invention. In the figure, 1 is a charger, 2 is a magnetic particle layer, 3 is a sleeve, 4
is a magnetic roller, 4A is a rotating shaft of the magnetic roller, 5 is a power supply,
6 is a photosensitive drum, 7 is a conductive support, 8 is a photoconductive layer, 9
is a plate, 10 is a developer, 11 is a recording paper, 12 is a conductive roller, 13 is a cleaner, 14 is a scattered and attached magnetic particle, 15.18.20 is a charged charge, 16 is an optical image,
17 is residual toner, and 19 is a particle chain. Figure 1
Claims (1)
て、前記光導電層に近接配置された円筒状の導電性非磁
性スリーブと、この導電性非磁性スリーブの内部に設け
られた複数の磁石を有する磁気ローラと、前記磁気ロー
ラに磁気粒子を付与して形成され前記光導電層に接触す
る磁気ブラシと、前記導電性非磁性スリーブと光導電層
との間に電圧を印加する電源と、前記磁気ローラの回転
軸に対し平行に設けられ、その先端が前記光導電層に接
触するプレートを備えたことを特徴とする帯電装置。A means for charging a photoconductive layer used in electrophotographic recording, comprising: a cylindrical conductive nonmagnetic sleeve disposed close to the photoconductive layer; and a plurality of magnets provided inside the conductive nonmagnetic sleeve. a magnetic brush formed by applying magnetic particles to the magnetic roller and in contact with the photoconductive layer; a power source that applies a voltage between the conductive nonmagnetic sleeve and the photoconductive layer; A charging device comprising a plate provided parallel to the rotation axis of the magnetic roller, the tip of which is in contact with the photoconductive layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1848487A JPS63187267A (en) | 1987-01-30 | 1987-01-30 | Electrifying device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1848487A JPS63187267A (en) | 1987-01-30 | 1987-01-30 | Electrifying device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63187267A true JPS63187267A (en) | 1988-08-02 |
Family
ID=11972912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1848487A Pending JPS63187267A (en) | 1987-01-30 | 1987-01-30 | Electrifying device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63187267A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0459607A2 (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1991-12-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Recording apparatus |
| US5351109A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1994-09-27 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic brush for charging and cleaning an imaging surface |
| US5357323A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-10-18 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic brush charging device |
| US5367365A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-11-22 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus with charger of image carrier using magnetic brush |
| US5381215A (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1995-01-10 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus having charger to charge image carrier with magnetic brush |
| US5406353A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1995-04-11 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Portable electrophotographic printer having magnetic charging device |
| US5426489A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-06-20 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus with a magnetic brush charger |
| US5606401A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1997-02-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging device including movable charging brush contactable to member to be charged, and image forming apparatus using same |
| US6026260A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-02-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic apparatus, image forming method and process cartridge |
-
1987
- 1987-01-30 JP JP1848487A patent/JPS63187267A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0459607A2 (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1991-12-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Recording apparatus |
| US5351109A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1994-09-27 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic brush for charging and cleaning an imaging surface |
| US5406353A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1995-04-11 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Portable electrophotographic printer having magnetic charging device |
| US5381215A (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1995-01-10 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus having charger to charge image carrier with magnetic brush |
| US5357323A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-10-18 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic brush charging device |
| US5367365A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-11-22 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus with charger of image carrier using magnetic brush |
| US5606401A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1997-02-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging device including movable charging brush contactable to member to be charged, and image forming apparatus using same |
| US5426489A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-06-20 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus with a magnetic brush charger |
| US6026260A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-02-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic apparatus, image forming method and process cartridge |
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