JPS63173573A - Electrode for cell fusion - Google Patents
Electrode for cell fusionInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63173573A JPS63173573A JP62004039A JP403987A JPS63173573A JP S63173573 A JPS63173573 A JP S63173573A JP 62004039 A JP62004039 A JP 62004039A JP 403987 A JP403987 A JP 403987A JP S63173573 A JPS63173573 A JP S63173573A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- fusion
- conductive material
- electrodes
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 fluororesin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007222 ypd medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010082737 zymolyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は一回のパルス印加により種々の電極間距離に関
する実験を行うことができる細胞融合用電極に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electrode for cell fusion that allows experiments regarding various distances between electrodes to be performed by applying a single pulse.
本発明により、細胞融合時の重要な条件の一つである好
ましい電場の強さを速やかに探索することができる。According to the present invention, it is possible to quickly search for a preferable electric field strength, which is one of the important conditions during cell fusion.
本発明の細胞融合用電極は、食品、醗酵、農林水産業、
医薬品などの広範囲な分野で利用可能である。The cell fusion electrode of the present invention is applicable to food, fermentation, agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries,
It can be used in a wide range of fields such as pharmaceuticals.
細胞にパルスを印加することにより細胞融合させる方法
として、従来から均一電極と不均一電極とが使用されて
きた。均一電極としては、２枚の平板電極の向き合った
距離を調節する平行平板電極が代表的である。不均一電
極としては、微小電極法（マイクロマニピュレーター）
、白金線電極法などがある。Conventionally, uniform electrodes and non-uniform electrodes have been used as a method for cell fusion by applying pulses to cells. A typical example of the uniform electrode is a parallel plate electrode that adjusts the distance between two plate electrodes facing each other. As a non-uniform electrode, microelectrode method (micromanipulator)
, platinum wire electrode method, etc.
細胞融合の場合、電極間距離は次式で示すように、細胞
にかかる電場の強さに反比例し、重要な細胞融合条件の
１つである。In the case of cell fusion, the distance between the electrodes is inversely proportional to the strength of the electric field applied to the cells, as shown by the following equation, and is one of the important conditions for cell fusion.
Ｖ＝ＥＸ ＆ ただし、■＝電極間電圧、Ｅ＝電極間
電場、
２＝電極間距離である。V=EX & where ■=voltage between electrodes, E=electric field between electrodes, 2=distance between electrodes.
しかしながら、上記平行平板電極の場合、距離を変化さ
せ、好ましい電場の強さを得るためには実験の度に電極
間距離を調節しなければならず、好ましい細胞融合電場
の探索に手間を要した。また、微小電極法や白金線電極
法も平板電極の場合と同様に実験の度に電極間距離を調
節しなければならない欠点があった。そこで、−回の操
作で多種類の電極間距離について実験することのできる
細胞融合用電極が求められていた。However, in the case of the above-mentioned parallel plate electrodes, the distance between the electrodes had to be adjusted each time the experiment was performed in order to obtain a preferable electric field strength by changing the distance, and it took time and effort to search for a preferable electric field for cell fusion. . Furthermore, the microelectrode method and the platinum wire electrode method also have the disadvantage that the distance between the electrodes must be adjusted every time an experiment is performed, as in the case of flat electrodes. Therefore, there has been a need for an electrode for cell fusion that allows experiments with many types of inter-electrode distances to be carried out in just one operation.
本発明は、細胞融合時の融合条件の一つである電極間距
離を、１対の電極を用いて多種類にわたり変化させ、実
験能率の向上に寄与する電極を得ることを目的とする。The present invention aims to obtain electrodes that contribute to improving experimental efficiency by varying the inter-electrode distance, which is one of the fusion conditions during cell fusion, over many types using a pair of electrodes.
本発明は、上面が平板状の導電性素材に深さの異なる２
種以上の融合穴を穿設し、該融合穴の側壁及び上記導電
性素材の上面を絶縁物で被覆した一方の電極と底面が平
板状の導電性素材製の他方の電極とからなることを特徴
とする。The present invention provides two conductive materials with different depths on a conductive material whose upper surface is a flat plate.
A plurality of fusion holes are formed, and the side wall of the fusion hole and the top surface of the conductive material are covered with an insulator, and the other electrode is made of a conductive material whose bottom surface is a flat plate. Features.
本発明に係る導電性素材としては、導電性であると共に
細胞浮遊液に浸食されない素材であることを要する。例
えば、白金、金、アルミニウム、クロム、ステンレス等
の金属材料或いは炭素等の非金属材料が挙げられる。The conductive material according to the present invention must be conductive and not eroded by the cell suspension. Examples include metal materials such as platinum, gold, aluminum, chromium, and stainless steel, and non-metallic materials such as carbon.
絶縁物としては、フッ素樹脂、ポリエチレン等の各種プ
ラスチック、セラミックス、接着剤などが挙げられ、更
に、５ｉＯｓＳｉＯ□、Ｓｉ、Ｎ４などを蒸着、スパッ
タリングなどの方法により被覆してもよい。Examples of the insulator include fluororesins, various plastics such as polyethylene, ceramics, adhesives, etc. Furthermore, 5iOsSiO□, Si, N4, etc. may be coated by methods such as vapor deposition and sputtering.
使用にあたっては、電極の融合穴の中に細胞懸濁液を滴
下し、その上を底面が平板状の他方の電極で覆い、両電
極を密着させた後電流パルスを印加して細胞を融合させ
る。印加する電流は直流でも交流でもよい。To use, drop a cell suspension into the fusion hole of the electrode, cover it with the other electrode with a flat bottom, and after bringing both electrodes into close contact, apply a current pulse to fuse the cells. . The applied current may be direct current or alternating current.
本発明に係る電極は、一方の電極に深さの異なる多数の
融合穴を穿設し、融合穴の底だけを残して他の部分を絶
縁性の被膜で覆い、この融合穴の中に融合させるべき細
胞懸濁液を滴下し、蓋を形成する他方の電極を用いて上
部を密着し、電圧を印加するものである。その結果、−
回の電圧印加で各融合穴の底と蓋を形成する他方の電極
との間に融合穴の数の電場が形成される。しかも電場の
強さは融合穴の深さに反比例するため、電場の強さが細
胞融合に適した穴に存在する細胞だけが融合し、細胞融
合に好ましい電場の探索が容易になる。The electrode according to the present invention has a number of fusion holes with different depths drilled in one electrode, leaves only the bottom of the fusion hole and covers the other part with an insulating coating, and fuses into the fusion hole. In this method, the cell suspension to be treated is dropped, the top is brought into close contact with the other electrode forming the lid, and a voltage is applied. As a result, −
By applying voltage twice, an electric field equal to the number of fusion holes is formed between the bottom of each fusion hole and the other electrode forming the lid. Moreover, since the strength of the electric field is inversely proportional to the depth of the fusion hole, only the cells present in the hole where the electric field strength is suitable for cell fusion will fuse, making it easy to search for an electric field suitable for cell fusion.
第１図はパルスを印加したときの断面図、第２図は一方
の電極の斜視図である。ｌは上面が平滑なステンレス製
の一方の電極であり、上面に深さの異なる融合穴２を穿
設した。融合穴の径は５ｍｍで、第１図に示された３個
の融合穴の深さはそれぞれ１．５．１０ｍ＋＋＋とじた
。３は融合穴の底である。融合穴２の側壁及び上面をエ
ポキシ系接着剤で被覆し絶縁物４とした。５は同じくス
テンレス製の他方の電極であり、底面６は平滑で一方の
電極ｌに被せたとき互いに密着できるものである。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view when a pulse is applied, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one electrode. One electrode 1 was made of stainless steel and had a smooth upper surface, and fusion holes 2 of different depths were bored in the upper surface. The diameter of the fusion hole was 5 mm, and the depth of the three fusion holes shown in FIG. 1 was 1.5.10 m+++, respectively. 3 is the bottom of the fusion hole. The side wall and top surface of the fusion hole 2 were coated with an epoxy adhesive to form an insulator 4. The other electrode 5 is also made of stainless steel, and the bottom surface 6 is smooth and can be brought into close contact with the electrode 1 when placed over the other electrode 1.
７．８はそれぞれの電極へのリード線であり、９は細胞
懸濁液である。7.8 are the leads to each electrode, and 9 is the cell suspension.
別に、微生物として錘匹膿μユ匹競二五μ山畦組（酵母
）をＹＰＤ培地（酵母エキス１％、ポリペプトン２％、
グルコース２％）で培養し対数期に集菌した。菌体は０
．８Ｍソルビトール水溶液で洗浄した後、ＴＳ緩衝液（
トリス−塩酸： ０．０５Ｍ、ソルビトール０．８Ｍ、
ｐ Ｈ７，５）に懸濁させ、２−メルカプトエタノー
ル（最８％ 濃度２０ｍＭ）及びＺｙｍｏｌｙａｓｅ
６００００ （最終濃度５０．１７ ｇ ／ｍｌ）を添
加し、３０℃で振とう（３０ｒｐｍ）Ｌなか、ら酵素を
反応させた。１時間反応後プロトプラストとなった菌体
をＴＳ緩衝液で２回洗浄し、１０ｍＭＣａＣ１□を含む
ＴＳ緩衝液に再び懸濁させて以後の実験に用いた。Separately, as a microorganism, yeast was added to YPD medium (yeast extract 1%, polypeptone 2%,
The cells were cultured in glucose (2%) and harvested at logarithmic phase. Bacterial cells are 0
．． After washing with 8M sorbitol aqueous solution, TS buffer (
Tris-hydrochloric acid: 0.05M, sorbitol 0.8M,
pH 7.5) and 2-mercaptoethanol (up to 8% concentration 20mM) and Zymolyase.
60,000 (final concentration 50.17 g/ml) was added thereto, and the enzyme was reacted with shaking (30 rpm) at 30°C. After reacting for 1 hour, the bacterial cells that became protoplasts were washed twice with TS buffer, resuspended in TS buffer containing 10 mM CaC1□, and used for subsequent experiments.
この懸濁ｔ＆（１０”個細胞／ｍ２）をマイクロシリン
ジで第１図に示す一方の電極１の融合穴２に滴下し、他
の電極で被覆し、電気パルスを印加した。パルス間隙は
１２５１１ｓｅｃ 、パルス幅２０μＳｅｃ 、印加電
圧は１００Ｖとした。このとき、絶縁物４で被覆されて
いないそれぞれの融合穴の底３と他の電極の対向する底
面６との間にそれぞれ独立に融合穴の深さに応じた異な
る強さの電場が形成された。電圧印加後各融合穴から菌
体をマイクロシリンジで採取し、顕微鏡観察を行ったと
ころ、深さ１ｍｍの融合穴の細胞懸濁液に融合細胞が観
察された。This suspension T &(10'' cells/m2) was dropped into the fusion hole 2 of one electrode 1 shown in Figure 1 with a microsyringe, covered with the other electrode, and an electric pulse was applied.The pulse interval was 12511 sec. , the pulse width was 20 μSec, and the applied voltage was 100 V. At this time, the depth of the fusion hole was determined independently between the bottom 3 of each fusion hole not covered with the insulator 4 and the opposing bottom surface 6 of the other electrode. An electric field of different strength was formed depending on the strength of the cells.After voltage application, bacterial cells were collected from each fusion hole using a microsyringe and observed under a microscope. cells were observed.
本発明によれば、両電極間の電圧を一定に設定して印加
すれば、他種類の電場を一回の操作で実現でき、細胞融
合に好ましい電場を効率よく探索することができる。According to the present invention, by applying a constant voltage between both electrodes, other types of electric fields can be realized in a single operation, and an electric field preferable for cell fusion can be efficiently searched for.
図面は本発明の実施例を示し、第１図は電圧を印加して
いる状態の断面図、第２図は一方の電極の斜視図である
。
図面中、符号
１は一方の電極、２は融合穴、３は融合穴の底、４は絶
縁物、５は他方の電極、６は底面、７．８はリード線、
９は細胞懸濁液である。
特許出願人 エヌオーケー株式会社
代理人弁理士 吉田俊夫（外１名）
馬１図
氾２図
手続補正書
昭和６２年７月２８日
特許庁長官 小 川 邦 夫 殿
１、事件の表示
昭和６２年特許願第４０３９号
２、発明の名称
細胞融合用電極
３、補正をする者
事件との関係 特許出願人
住所 東京都港区芝大門１丁目１２番１５号名称 エヌ
オーケー株式会社
４、代理人 ■１５０
住所 東京都渋谷区松濤−丁目２９番２１号電話 ０３
−４６３−５０４６番（外１名）５、補正命令の日付
自発
７、補正の内容
（１１明細書、５頁、１３〜１５行の
「７．８はそれぞれの電極・旧・・
別に、微生物として」を
「７．８はそれぞれの電極へのリード線である。
別に、微生物として」に訂正する。
特許庁長官 小 川 邦 夫 殿
１．事件の表示
昭和６２年特許願第４０３９号
２、発明の名称
細胞融合用電極
３、補正をする者
事件との関係 特許出願人
住所 東京都港区芝大門１丁目１２番１５号名称 エヌ
オーケー株式会社
４、代理人 ■１５０
住所 東京都渋谷区松濤−丁目２９番２１号電話 ０３
−４６３−５０４６番（外１名）５、補正命令の日付
自発
７、補正の内容
（１１明細書、５頁、１３〜１４行の「９は細胞懸濁液
である。」を削除する。
（２）同、６頁、５行の「となった菌体」を「化した菌
体」に訂正する。
（３）同、７頁、１２行を「７．８はリード線である。
」に訂正する。
以上The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in a state where a voltage is applied, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one electrode. In the drawing, 1 is one electrode, 2 is a fusion hole, 3 is the bottom of the fusion hole, 4 is an insulator, 5 is the other electrode, 6 is a bottom surface, 7.8 is a lead wire,
9 is a cell suspension. Patent Applicant N.OK Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Toshio Yoshida (1 other person) Ma 1 Figure Flood 2 Procedural Amendment July 28, 1988 Commissioner of the Patent Office Kunio Ogawa 1, Indication of the case 1988 Patent Application No. 4039 2, Name of the invention Cell fusion electrode 3, Relationship with the person making the amendment Patent applicant address 1-12-15 Shiba Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo Name NOkay Co., Ltd. 4, Agent ■150 Address: 29-21 Shoto-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Phone: 03
-463-5046 (1 other person) 5. Date of amendment order
Spontaneous 7, content of amendment (11 specification, page 5, lines 13-15, "7.8 is each electrode, old... Separately, as a microorganism") was changed to "7.8 is a lead wire to each electrode. Yes. Separately, amended to ``as a microorganism.'' Mr. Kunio Ogawa, Commissioner of the Patent Office 1. Indication of the case Patent Application No. 4039 of 1988 2, Name of the invention Electrode for cell fusion 3, Person making the amendment Related Patent Applicant Address 1-12-15 Shiba Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo Name NOK Co., Ltd. 4, Agent ■150 Address 29-21 Shoto-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Telephone 03
-463-5046 (1 other person) 5. Date of amendment order
Spontaneous 7, content of amendment (11 Specification, page 5, lines 13-14, "9 is a cell suspension." is deleted. (2) Same, page 6, line 5, "The bacteria that became (3) Correct the same, page 7, line 12 to read "7.8 is a lead line."
Claims (1)
合穴を穿設し、該融合穴の側壁及び上記導電性素材の上
面を絶縁物で被覆した一方の電極と底面が平板状の導電
性素材製の他方の電極とからなる細胞融合用電極。Two or more types of fusion holes with different depths are bored in a conductive material whose top surface is flat, and one electrode whose bottom surface is flat and whose side wall of the fusion hole and the top surface of the conductive material are covered with an insulator. An electrode for cell fusion consisting of the other electrode made of a conductive material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62004039A JPS63173573A (en) | 1987-01-13 | 1987-01-13 | Electrode for cell fusion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62004039A JPS63173573A (en) | 1987-01-13 | 1987-01-13 | Electrode for cell fusion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63173573A true JPS63173573A (en) | 1988-07-18 |
Family
ID=11573812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62004039A Pending JPS63173573A (en) | 1987-01-13 | 1987-01-13 | Electrode for cell fusion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63173573A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63269977A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Cell fusion apparatus |
| DE10127247A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-19 | Eppendorf Ag | Electrode chamber, for the electromanipulation of suspended biological cells, has an electrode carrier at the suspension container with paired electrodes at the flat carrier sides |
| CN109642199A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-04-16 | 齐默尔根公司 | Device and method for electroporation |
-
1987
- 1987-01-13 JP JP62004039A patent/JPS63173573A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63269977A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Cell fusion apparatus |
| DE10127247A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-19 | Eppendorf Ag | Electrode chamber, for the electromanipulation of suspended biological cells, has an electrode carrier at the suspension container with paired electrodes at the flat carrier sides |
| DE10127247B4 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2006-12-07 | Eppendorf Ag | Apparatus and method for the electrical treatment of suspended biological particles |
| CN109642199A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-04-16 | 齐默尔根公司 | Device and method for electroporation |
| US10731121B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2020-08-04 | Zymergen Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for electroporation |
| US11466242B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2022-10-11 | Zymergen Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for electroporation |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Amatore et al. | Charge transfer at partially blocked surfaces: A model for the case of microscopic active and inactive sites | |
| WO2001088518A3 (en) | Microelectrogravimetric method for plating a biosensor | |
| CN105784822B (en) | A method of based on chitosan-graphene/gold nanoparticle composite film electrochemical DNA biosensor preparation and application | |
| FR2506342A1 (en) | HIGH-DURABILITY ELECTROLYSIS ELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
| Paleček et al. | Electrochemical analysis of polynucleotides | |
| JPS636451A (en) | Enzyme sensor | |
| BR8200191A (en) | LIVING CELL RENIN PREPRORRENIN PRORRENIN PROCESS FOR OBTAINING EXPRESSION OF PREPORRENIN PRORRENIN AND RENIN PREORGENIN AND RENIN AND COLI GENERATING MATERIAL DNA RECOMBINATOR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE POLIPETIDIME PROCESS AND A POLYPETHYDICAL PROCESS FOR A PROCESS | |
| AU2002365542A1 (en) | A method for combined parallel agent delivery and electroporation for cell structures and use thereof | |
| Berg | Possibilities and problems of low frequency weak electromagnetic fields in cell biology | |
| Weber et al. | Microbiological implications of electric field effects III. Stimulation of yeast protoplast fusion by electric field pulses | |
| Turner | Biosensors: Edited by M. Akhtar, CR Lowe and IJ Higgins. 1987. 181 pp. Price:£ 33 (UK)£ 35 (overseas).(ISBN 0 85403 324 6) | |
| CN108169311A (en) | A kind of electrochemica biological sensor for detecting miRNA-122 | |
| JPS63173573A (en) | Electrode for cell fusion | |
| Yuan et al. | An agarose-stabilized BLM: a new method for forming bilayer lipid membranes | |
| Kounaves et al. | An indium based mercury ultramicroelectrode: Fabrication and characterization | |
| Imamura et al. | Self-assembly of mediator-modified enzyme in porous gold-black electrode for biosensing | |
| Asghary et al. | A novel electrochemical genosensor based on banana and nano-gold modified electrode using tyrosinase enzyme as indicator | |
| JP2001021525A (en) | Measuring method using biosensor | |
| FR2455095A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SHAPED ARTICLES BY ELECTRODEPOSITION OF A FIBROUS SUBSTANCE HAVING ELECTROPHORETIC PROPERTY | |
| Huang et al. | Microelectrochemical multitransistor devices based on electrostatic binding of electroactive anionic metal complexes in protonated poly (4-vinylpyridine): devices that can detect and distinguish up to three species simultaneously | |
| Subrahmanyam et al. | Cyclic voltammetric measurements of growth of Aspergillus terreus | |
| Tien et al. | Immobilization of Ferrocene on a BLM System: An Amperometric Sensor of Fe (CN) 6− 3/− 4 Ions | |
| Castaño‐Álvarez et al. | Gold Electrodes for Detection of Enzyme Assays with 3‐Indoxylphosphate as Substrate | |
| SU819233A1 (en) | Solution for electrochemical treatment of copper deposits | |
| CN112683967B (en) | Micro-nano charged electrode, preparation method thereof and enzyme-free biosensor |