JPS63157366A - Optical disk - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize an effective substituting process of sectors at high speed by providing a mapping sector which divides a disk into blocks and records the address correspondence information between the defective and substitute sectors at every block. CONSTITUTION:A disk 1 is divided into blocks #1-#N and the test data is recorded and reproduced at all sectors of each block to check the presence or absence of a sector address error, a data error or a defect of a data part. Then the mapping data on a mapping memory 17 which records the address correspondence information between a defective sector having an error and its substitute sector is stored in a mapping sector M1 or M2. In this case, the number of tracks of a block is selected at the value that enables a high-speed retrieval, i.e., within the movable range of the actuator of an optical head 1. In such a way, the sectors are substituted for each other at high speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an optical disc on which information is recorded and reproduced by irradiating it with a laser beam, and particularly relates to the management of defective sectors of the optical disc.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional optical discs include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-202.
This is shown in Publication No. 71. FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of alternative tracks of this conventional optical disc, where A is an alternative track, B is a normal track for recording data, and C is a normal track for recording data.
is a second alternative track, and D is a sector identifier section in which a sector address is recorded. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an optical information recording/reproducing apparatus using the track substitution shown in FIG.

19 is a sector address reproduction circuit, 20 is a data reproduction circuit, 21 is a target sector address register, 22 is a sector address coincidence detection circuit, 23 is a data recording gate signal circuit, 24 is a data reproduction gate signal circuit, and 25 is a defective sector address register. 26 is a substitute track setting circuit, and 27 is a sector delete gate signal circuit for writing an identification mark in the defective sector.

In the conventional optical disc and optical information recording and reproducing apparatus configured as described above, the defective sector detection circuit 25 detects defective sectors using each signal from the data reproducing circuit 20, the data recording gate signal circuit 23, and the data reproducing gate signal circuit 24. Detect. A defective sector is caused by a sector address detection error in the sector identifier section, so it is detected as an error syndrome in which the data section is detected even though it is a defective sector. When a defective sector is detected, the alternative track setting circuit 26 determines an alternative track and alternatively records the data of the defective sector in an unrecorded sector of the alternative track. Next, the sector delete gate signal circuit 27 overwrites the data portion of the defective sector with a delete signal. It is possible to know that a defective sector in which a delete signal has been overwritten can be replaced by detecting this delete signal during reproduction. In the conventional example, the access time to the alternative track is shortened by providing the alternative track in a distributed manner for each block of the seven optical disc.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above configuration, when the same sector is repeatedly recorded as in an erasable optical disc, in the defective sector detection step 825, a sector address detection error in the sector identifier part is detected as a defective sector. However, if there is a defect in the data section, the delete signal recorded in the data section will record an undetectable effect before the sector address in the sector identifier section is detected, and as a result, sector replacement will be required again. Therefore, there was a problem in that extra sector replacement processing time was required and the access speed was reduced.

In view of this, the present invention provides a mapping sector that records the address of a defective sector and an alternative sector in which the defective sector is alternatively recorded as address correspondence map information (hereinafter referred to as pine pink data) to perform alternative processing. The purpose is to provide an optical disc with improved speed.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention divides an optical disk for recording and reproducing data into tracks divided into a plurality of sectors into blocks each consisting of a plurality of tracks, and a data sector for recording data in each block, and a data sector. The optical disc has an alternative sector for recording a defective sector in place of the defective sector, and at least one mapping sector for recording mapping data of the defective sector and the alternative sector.

According to the above-described configuration, the present invention records mapping data in which address information of a defective sector that occurred during data recording and address information of an alternative sector in which the defective sector is recorded in the mapping sector of the corresponding block corresponds to each other. During data reproduction or data rewriting, address information of an alternative sector is obtained from the mapping sector of the block to which the sector belongs, and reproduction or recording processing of the defective sector is performed at high speed.

Embodiment FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an optical information recording and reproducing apparatus for recording and reproducing data on an optical disc according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is an optical disk, 7 is a drive 9
/A host CPU using the controller 8 as an external storage device,
8 is a controller for connecting the drive 9 to the host CPU 7; 9 is an optical disk drive (hereinafter simply referred to as a drive) for recording and reproducing data on an optical disk; 10 is a system interface with the host CPU 7; 11 is data and error correction detection. Random access memory (RAM) for temporarily storing codes; 12 an error correction detection circuit (EDAC) for generating error correction codes and correcting errors occurring in reproduced data; 13 an error correction detection code for data of the host CPU 7; A data modulation/demodulation circuit (MODEM) 14 that digitally modulates the encoded data added with the data and outputs the write data 100 or demodulates data from the read data 101 of the drive 9 detects the target sector address and performs recording/recording. A sector read/write control circuit that generates a reproduction/erase start signal; 15 is a controller 8;
A control CPLI that controls the operation of the CPLI.

16 is an interface with the drive 1; 17 is a mapping memory that stores mapping data from the mapping sector of the optical disk 1; and 18 is a lard gate 102.
100 is an OR circuit that ORs the erase gate 103 and the erase gate 104; 100 is write data to be recorded on the optical disk using modulated data from the data modulation/demodulation circuit 13;
1 is read data reproduced from the optical disc, 102 is a write gate indicating that the write data 100 is valid,
103 is an erase gate for erasing the optical disc 1; 104 is an erase gate for instructing the data modulation and demodulation circuit 13 to start data demodulation; 105 is a reproduction address signal;
06 is a CPU data bus of the control CPU 15.

FIG. 2 is a disc configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the optical disc of the present invention. In Figure 2, 1 indicates an optical disc, 2
indicates a block consisting of multiple tracks (#1 to #N), 3 indicates a block management track consisting of alternative sectors R (R1 to R14) and mapping sectors M (Ml, M2), and 4 indicates data sector 5 (Sl). 814), and 5 is an alternative track area for alternative recording of defective sectors overflowing into alternative sectors R (R1 to R14) of each block 2.

In FIG. 2, block 2 includes data sectors 5 (51 to 514) for recording and reproducing data, replacement sectors R (R1 to R14) that replace the defective sectors of these data sectors S, and the replaced defective sectors. Mapping sector M (Ml, M2) that manages sector address correspondence
Consisting of

The operation of the optical disc and optical information recording/reproducing apparatus of this embodiment configured as described above will be described below.

The optical disc 1 is first formatted from block #1 to block #N, and test data is recorded and reproduced in all sectors of each block to check for sector address errors, data errors, or defects in the data section. It is assumed that mapping data that replaced the existing defective sector is recorded in mapping sector M (M1 and M2). A sector address error can be detected by setting the target sector address and a write/erase/read command in the sector read/write control circuit 14 and checking the output of the OR circuit 18 using the control CP015. If the output of the OR circuit 18 is detected, the sector address is normal; if it is not detected, it is an error. In addition, data errors in the data section are detected by reading out the recorded data and decoding the error correction detection code.
Defects in the data section are detected from the contents of the error syndrome, and from the width and number of signals obtained by binarizing the reproduced signal of the unrecorded sector using a certain threshold.

The pine pink data consists of the defective sector address of the data sector, the address of the substitute sector recorded as an alternative, the use status map of the substitute sector, the use status of the sector of the substitute track area, etc.

The number of tracks in a block is selected from the characteristics of the search mechanism of the optical disk drive to a value that allows high-speed search, that is, a movable range of the actuator of the optical head (fine search or track jumping range). By doing this, there is no need to move the low-speed linear motor, so high-speed sector replacement processing can be performed.

First, the operation of data recording will be explained.

(1) The host CPU 7 is the system interface 10
Outputs the write command to . The write command consists of a device command block (DCB) such as a target sector address, the number of sector blocks to be recorded, and a write operation code.

(2) The control CPU 15 of the controller 8 receives the DCB from the system interface 10 and instructs the drive 9 to seek the first track of the block 2 to which the target sector belongs. (However, in FIG. 1, the search system of the drive 9 and the control cPU 1 drive control interface block are not shown.) (3) When the track search is completed, the control CPU 15 of the controller 8 reads the mapping sector M1 and It is stored in the pink memory 17. If mapping sector M1 is in error, read M2.

(4) When the storage of the pine pink data in the pine pink memory 17 is completed, the data is transferred from the host CPU 7 to the RAM 11 via the system interface 10.

(5) The error correction detection circuit 12 adds an error correction detection code to the data transferred to RAM II.

(6) The control CPU 15 instructs the drive 9 to seek the track where the target sector is located, and sets the address of the target sector and a write command in the sector read/write control circuit 14.

(7) When the sector read/write control circuit 14 detects the target sector, it outputs the write gate 102 to the data modulation and demodulation circuit 13, reads the encoded data from RAMII, digitally modulates it, and outputs the write data 100 to the drive 9. do. In the drive 9, the write gate 102 puts the semiconductor laser drive circuit into a recording mode, modulates it with the write data 100, and records it in the sector.

(8) Before recording the target sector address, refer to the pine pink data in the pine pink memory 17 to check whether the sector is defective, and if it is a defective sector, find out the alternative sector address from the mapping data and block the corresponding sector address. Data is recorded in the alternative sector R of. Furthermore, when the alternative sectors of the corresponding block are used up, the unused sectors of the alternative track area 5 are allocated as alternative sectors, the pine pin memory 17 is rewritten, and the corresponding mapping sector M1 is
, M2 is updated.

This concludes the explanation of data recording, and next the operation of data reproduction will be explained.

(1) The host CPU 7 is the system interface 10
Outputs the read command to. The read command consists of a device command block (DCB) such as a target sector address, the number of sector blocks to be read, and a read operation code.

(2) The control CPU 15 of the controller 8 receives the DCB from the system interface 10 and instructs the drive 9 to seek the first track of the block 2 to which the target sector belongs.

(3) When the track search is completed, the control CPU 15 of the controller 8 reads the mapping sector M1 and stores it in the pine pink memory 17. If mapping sector M1 is in error, read M2.

(4) When the storage of the pine pink data in the pine pink memory 17 is completed, the controller 8 determines the track to which the target sector address belongs and instructs the drive 9 to seek.

(5) The control CPU 15 sets the address of the target sector and a read command in the sector read/write control circuit 14. Before recording the target sector address, check whether the sector is defective by referring to the pine pink data in the pine pink memory 17, and if it is a defective sector, learn the alternative sector address from the pine pink data and select an alternative sector for the corresponding block. Lead.

(6) When the sector read/write control circuit 14 detects the target sector, the read gate 104 is output to the data modulation/demodulation circuit 13 to demodulate the read data 101, and the demodulated data is stored in RAM II.

(7) The demodulated data stored in RAMII is subjected to error detection and correction by the error correction detection circuit 12.
is stored again.

(8) Transfer the error-corrected data of RAMII to host C.
It is transferred to the PU 7 via the system interface 10.

This completes the data playback operation.

Furthermore, sectors of optical discs may become defective due to deterioration of the recording film due to repeated recording or due to dust or dirt deposited in the usage environment. For this reason, the recorded data is read immediately after a small amount of data is recorded, the data quality is checked by decoding the error correction detection code, and the state of error syndrome is checked. If there are errors exceeding a predetermined standard, the relevant sector is updated be replaced as a defective sector. This read-verify operation is checked under strict conditions in which the reproduction conditions and error correction ability are deliberately degraded in order to secure a margin.

Next, the data of the relevant sector is recorded in the unused alternative sector of the relevant block, the contents of the pine pink memory are updated, and new mapping data is recorded in the mapping sector. By doing so, it is possible to always match the contents of the mapping sector to the alternative relationship between the data sector and the alternative sector. Furthermore, if the usage status of the alternative sector is recorded in the mapping sector at the same time as the mapping data, the usable alternative sector can be known immediately. If the number of blocks is selected to be several ten, which is the number of tracks that can be accessed at high speed with the optical head actuator, one or two mapping sectors will not only cover initial defective sectors but also cover additional sectors for replacement processing that occur during use. can be fully registered,
Since the capacity of the mapping data is small at 1 to 2 sectors, the pine pink data can be easily managed by having a small capacity memory in the controller or the like.

For example, assuming 64 tracks/block, 1,024 bytes/sector, and pine pink data with 3 bytes of defective sector address and 3 bytes of replacement sector address,
170 because it can accommodate defective sectors equivalent to 170 sectors.
/1,024=16°6% defect rate can be handled. This is a value with sufficient margin for practical purposes.

FIG. 3 is a disc configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the optical disc of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the same numbers 1 to 5 as in FIG. 2 represent the same things, and 6 represents the mapping sector M (M
1) and alternative sectors R (R1 to R15).

In FIG. 3, each block 2 (#1 to #N) is replaced with sectors 5 (Sl to 515) for recording and reproducing data and replacement sectors R (R1 to R15) to replace defective sectors of these data sectors. sector and alternative sector R
The mapping sector M (Ml
').

In FIG. 3, alternative sectors R (R1 to R15) are allocated one sector to each track. Therefore, in order to replace a defective sector, considering the probability of occurrence of an uncorrectable sector of 10 to 1o-10, it is necessary to seek to the block management track 3 as shown in Figure 2, since most sectors are within 1 sector per track. It can be done as fast as possible.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, since the mapping sector is the most important management data of the optical disk, it is better to allocate multiple sectors in consideration of data reliability and system failure such as power outage during mapping data recording. .

As described above, since defective sectors are managed by mapping sectors in units of blocks, the pine pink memory 17 of the controller 8 only needs to have a small capacity of about 1 to 2 sectors, and blocks can be processed at high speed by dense search jumping of the optical head. This allows for fast sector replacement.

As is clear from the above explanation, efficient and high-speed sector replacement processing can be achieved by dividing an optical disc into blocks and providing a mapping sector for each block to record address correspondence information of defective sectors and replacement sectors. realizable. Furthermore, the fact that the mapping memory that stores mapping data through block management can also be of small capacity makes it possible to reduce the cost of the device.

As described in detail, according to the present invention, even if a sector of an optical disc is a defective sector, the corresponding sector can be replaced, so that the practical effect is great.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical information recording/reproducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a disc configuration diagram of a first embodiment of an optical disc according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the arrangement of alternative tracks of a conventional optical disc, and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an optical information recording/reproducing apparatus using the track substitution shown in FIG. 4. 1... Optical disk, 2... Block, 3... Block management track, 4... Data track, 5...
Alternative track area, 6...Block management sector, 7
...Host CPU, 8...Controller, 9...
Optical disk drive, 12... error correction detection circuit,
13... Data modulation/demodulation circuit, 14... Sector read/write control circuit, 17... Pine pink memory, 1
00...Write data, 101...Read data,
102...Write gate, 103...Erase gate, 104...Ride gate, 105...Reproduction address signal, R...Alternative sector, S...Data sector, R...Alternative sector , M... Mapping sector. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao One idiot Figure 2! Figure 3 Figure 4 CNt-Rough 7 (Nl-Rank) (
N Truck Figure 5 Ato V

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) An optical disk that records and reproduces data on tracks divided into multiple sectors is divided into blocks consisting of multiple tracks, and each block includes a data sector for recording data and a defective sector of the data sector for alternative recording. and at least one mapping sector that records address correspondence map information between the defective sector and the replacement sector. (2) The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein the block has at least one sector allocated to each track as either a mapping sector or an alternative sector. (3) The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein each block allocates at least one track to a mapping sector or an alternative sector, and at least one sector of the track is the mapping sector. (4) The optical disc has a plurality of blocks and an alternative sector track area, and when a defective sector exceeds the number of alternative sectors in the block, it is replaced with a sector in the alternative sector track area. The optical disc according to item 1, item 2, or item 3. (5) The optical disc according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the number of blocks is the number of tracks within a movable track range of the optical head actuator.